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PHAT TRIEN TlT DUY KHAI QUAT CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY THONG QUA VIEC VAN DUNG SO DO TU^ DUY LE DUY NHAT Truang THPT chuyen Bin Tre THAN VAN THANH Trudng Dgi hoc An Giang Tom tat So do tu duy[.]
PHAT TRIEN TlT DUY KHAI QUAT CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY THONG QUA VIEC VAN DUNG SO DO TU^ DUY LE DUY NHAT Truang THPT chuyen Bin Tre THAN VAN THANH Trudng Dgi hoc An Giang Tom tat: So tu la mdt hinh thiic ghi chep su dung mau sac va hinh anh de ma rpng va dao sau cac y tuong Trong day hpc Vat ly, so Ui gilip cho hpc sinh tir viec khai quat hoa bai hpc, he thdng hoa kien thiic, den vipc van dung kien thiic Bai bao de cap den viec van dung sa tu nhim phat triln tu khai quat cho hpc sinh day hpc Vat ly lop 10 THPT I VAI TRO SO DO TU DUY TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY L l So* tu So dd tu (cdn ggi la ban dd tu duy, Mind Map, vilt tdt la SDTD) la mdt edng cu td ehiic ttr Ky thudt tao loai ban dd dugc ggi la Mmd Mappmg va dugc phat triln bdi Tony Buzan vao nhflng ndm 1960 Nd la mdt phuong tien gM chep day sang tgo va rit Meu qua theo dung nghia cua nd SDTD la mdt ttong eac each phan anh hmh thiic hoat ddng cua nao bd thdng qua cac lien kit Lien kit d SDTD ed vai ttd nhu cae hen kit cua cac naron thin kinh [4] Hinh Su luang tu vi cdu tnic cdc naron thdn kinh vd SDTD Trong day hgc, SDTD giup ngudi hgc h? tiidng kiln tiidc mdt each de dang, phat ttien dugc ky ndng khai quat hoa va phat huy tinh sang tao frong hoc tap Nhftng uu diem eiia SDTD tieu bilu nhu: dl ndm dugc frgng tam bai bgc, dd tdn tiidi gian ghi chep han so vdi kilu ghi chep tmyin tiiong, tilp tiiu kiln tiiirc mdi linh hogt va hieu qua, giiip ngudi Tap chi Khoa hpc va Giio due, Tnrong E)ai hpc Su pham Hue ISSN 1859-1612, S602(18)/2011: tr-95-101 TRAN VAN THANH - LE DUY NHAT hge ty tin ban vao kha nang cua minh, tgo thii cho hgc sinh; hge smh hieu va nhd kiln tiiiie lau hon Do dde dilm cua SDTD la tinh he tiidng nen nd giiip phat ttiln tu cho ngudi hge nhu M he thdng, tu khai quat, tu logic, tu tdng hgp , ragt each Meu qua 1.2 Vai trd cua su dd tu day hgc vSt Iy Thuc tl yeu ciu ngudi hge khdng ehi ed kien thirc ma cdn phai cd tdc tu cao, kha ndng tgo su gia tang kien thiic mdi tir nhung kiln thiie dd cd Dieu dd ddi hdi qua trinh tu sang tgo, khai quat cao, cd tinh Iinh hoat va cd he thdng SDTD la cdng cu dap ling dugc nhung ddi hdi dd De nhgn thiic dugc eae sy vdt, hien tugng mdt each chinh xac, sau sac va dg nhd lau ben, ttong dgy hgc vgt Iy can huy dgng cang nMeu ca quan cam giae cua hgc sinh (HS) vao qua trinh nhdn thiic cang tdt Vat Iy la mdt bd mdn ddc thii bdi nd gdn liln vol thuc tien ddi sdng hang KM HS phai vdn dung nhflng kidn thiie (dinh Mat, khai niera, thuyet ) da hge de giai thich cae su vat Men tugng thi ddi hdi HS phai cung cd dugc eac kien thiie va tim duge mdi lien he giua cac kien thuc da hgc Igi vdi Chinh vi khdng Iam dugc dieu nay, nen HS gdp nhieu khd khdn ttong hgc mdn Vat Iy Theo ket qua khdo sdt, mdt ti Ie khdng nhd HS cbo rang radn vdt ly cd qua nhieu kien thiic, lam hg rdi rdm kM phai tilp nhan va tai hien Tinh hinh dd keo dai Iam eho HS trd nen thu dgng, hgc tgp ddi phd de tM cir Sa dd tu se la cdng cu giiip HS cung cd, dn tap va he thdng hda kien thiic mdt each mgch lac, dl nhd nhat so vdi eae phuang tien khac Nhu vay, su dung SDTD ttong tiln ttinh dgy hge Vgt ly khdng ehi giiip HS ndng cao hieu sudt, hieu qua hgc tap ma cdn hudng vao viee hinh cho HS nang lyc tu duy, nhit la tu khai quat de hgc tap sudt ddi [3], [5] s t r DUNG SO D T U DUY DE PHAT TRIEN TU DUY KHAI QUAT CHO HOC SINH 2.1 Dinh hirong chung Thue te dgy hgc hien eho thiy, hgc sinh hgc tap cdn thu ddng, ghi nhd kiln thiie mdt each mdy mdc ma chua chti y ren luyen ky nang tu Hge sinh hge kiln tiuic nao thi cd gdng thudc long kien thiic dd, hge bai nao thi biet bai dd, cd lap cdc phin ndi dung ciia mdn hge ma ehua cd sy lien kit kien thuc vdi nhau, kha ndng tu logic, tu he thdng va tu khai quat cdn ban che Su dung SDTD se giiip HS khic phyc nhung vin dl tten, phat ttien dugc ndng lyc tu duy, nhdt la tu tdng hop, tu khdi quat, gdp phan nang cao hieu qua hgc tap Cd thi ap dyng SDTD dl phat ttiln tu khai qudt cho hgc sinh frong tit ca budc cua tiln frinh dgy hgc, tu khdu dat vdn de vao bai din cung ed, kilm tta kiln thuc Trong qud trinh tim kiera kien thue, HS phai xir h tai lieu, tim kilra fri thiie, eg xat vdi thye te budc HS phai dgng nao, M duy, van dung ngdn ngfl, thgm cM ea xiic cam, tirtii cam de cMem ITnh Vi vdy, sii dung SDTD ngudi hgc cd khd ndng phan tieh, tdng hgp, so sanh de giai quylt vdn de dat dl dang han va kM dd lam eho nang lue tu dugc phat trien Tfl do, HS se chu ddng hgc tap, ty giae cMem lmh fri thiic mdi, ghi nhd vd PHAT TRI^N rv DL-Y KHAI QUAT CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY dao sau kiln tiiuc, tu sang tao, tu khai quat dugc phat triln, ndng lyc lam viec ddc Igp eiia HS dugc nang cao Day chinh la mue tieu ddi mdi phucmg p h ^ day hgc Mdn 2.2 Quy trinh cu thg Theo Trin Huy Hoang, thiel kd mdt bai dgy hge gdm cae budc: [I] Xae dinh mye tieu bai hge Xac dinh kiln thiie ca ban va logic Mnh kien thuc Tao nhu cdu thii nhdn thiic Td chuc cac hoat ddng dgy hgc, xac dinh cde Mnh thuc td chiic day hge Xac dinh cac phucmg phap dgy hge Lya chgn phucmg tien dgy hge phu hgp vdi ndi dung bai hgc Xac dinh hinh thiic cung cd, danh gid, va bai tap van dung Nhu vay, xay dyng mgt tien frinh dgy hgc ro rang, cM tiet, phii hgp vdi kha nang \a dieu kien day hgc, phu hgp vdi trinh hge sinh se giup dgt dugc muc dieh dgy hgc Nen chu frgng phdt ttiln tu khai quat dl HS cd thi he thdng, khai quat hod kien thiic nhdm ITnh hdi kiln thire tdt hon Chung tdi dl xuit tiln ttinh van dyng SDTD 3B ren luyen tu khai quat eho HS nhu sau: Xac dinh muc tidu bai hgc: Xae dinh mye tieu cua bai hgc nhdra xac dinh phuang hudng, tieu chi dl quylt dinh vl ndi dung, phuang phap, phuong tien day hgc, cung nhu hinh thiic kiera tta, danh gia Meu qua sau bai day Xac dinh kiln tinic ea ban va logic hmh tiianh kiln tiiuc: Khdi lugng fri tiiuc vat ly rat phong phii, edn phai lya ehgn eac kiln thuc eo ban cho dam bdo hai hod giua yeu can ve tmh khoa hgc, muc tieu bai hgc, nang luc tilp nhgn ciia HS va quj thdi gian Cdn chii ttgng tim cac radi lien quan, sy lien he giua cdc kien thire vdi Xac lap mdi quan he gifla cac ndi dimg thdng tin theo yen ciu he thdng khai quat boa Xem xet cac kien thiie rdi rgc ttong mdt tdng thi chung dl lam ca sd van dung edc phucmg p h ^ rem luyen tu cho HS Quy trinh xac lap sy lien he eac kiln thiic bilu didn bdng so dd sau: [2] 97 n riniem vu nnan tnirc J:!X^^„ - >»?^rc°tn -j T.an^'ntl^'^^^-^'-T^'^-^""^'''"^^ Xac dinh v4n de chung cua cac thdng tin Xac lap m6i quan h# c:ija cdc thong tin Hinh Quy trinh xdc Igp sir lien he kien ihuc Tgo nhu can thu nhdn thiic: Tao nhu eiu hirng thu nhdn thiie khdng ehi d phin md diu ma phai tiln hanh ttong sudt ea tilt hgc Cin lua chgn Mnh thirc phu hgp de tgo hiing thu hge tap ttong moi kiln thuc, mdi mye Td chiic cdc hogt dgng dgy hgc, xac dinh cac hinh thiie td chirc dgy hgc: Xac dinh cac hogt ddng cua HS, tu cac hogt ddng cua HS ma xac djnh cac hogt ddng dgy ciia GV Viec lya chgn cac hogt ddng day hgc phai dara bao cae yeu eau: td ehiic dugc cac hoat ddng nhdn thuc eho HS, dap ung dugc muc tieu, ren luyen ky nang tu cho HS Trong do, cdn van dyng SDTD vao eae vi tri tMch hgp cua bai hgc de ren luyen tu cho HS Diem qaan ttgng nhdt cua budc la cdn pbai Iam cho HS cMradugc mdi lien hd giiia kien thiic dang tiep nhdn vdi cac kien thiic khac, tfl cd cai nMn toan didn, khdi cjuat Do dd, ddi hdi ky nang xae lap quan be thdng tin de tir dd cd mdt gia tri nhan thiic nhdt dinh Day chinh la budc ca ban cua 1^ ndng tu khai quat Cdc kiln thiic phin ca hgc deu Ken cjuan vdi theo mg trat tu logic cd the chip nhan dugc Do dd, cd the chi mdi quan he chung - rieng, toan the - chi tiet va the Men bdng SDTD GV cdn chudn bi mgt sd cau hdi mang tinh khdi quat cac kien thiie theo dinh hudng y dd xdy dyng tien ttinh giang day Xac dinh cac phucmg phdp dgy hge: Cd nMeu phuong phap day hgc ddc thii cua vdt ly nhu phuang phap thyc ngMem, phucmg phap md hinh, phucmg phap tuong tu va mdi phucmg phdp ed mdt kha ndng rieng Vi vdy thuc tiln dgy hgc, GV sir dung phdi hgp nhieu phuong phap day hge vdi Lya chgn phucmg tien dgy hge phu hgp vdi ngi dung bai hgc: Phuong tien day hgc bao gdm phuang tien tinh thdn nhu cac khai Mem, dinh luat, dinh ly ma HS da dugc hgc va phucmg tien vat chdt nhu dung ey tryc quan, dung cuflungMem, eac tu li?u Xae dinh hinh thiie ciing cd, danh gia, va bai tgp van dyng cac kiln thiic mdi vira hgc - Neo dttQC dac diem vccia gia loc Viet va van di^ngdui?c cac cong ihirc van i6c ac ihm gia i6c, quSng duong, toa Chiradir^c thi niio li chuyen dpng thang deu H TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY Cac kj4n thi>c c v ban Tai lieu, thong tin thu Cac kiin thirc tiSn thgp, cac vi dij thipc t l quan, kiSn thirc dS hpc kg Van tfic tuc then - O 16 bat dau chuyen dong - He quy chieu Toe dp trung binh - Xe d ap dang chay ngung - Phuong tinh chuydn dong Quang duong thang deu Chuyen dpng nhanh din if -Toe dp deu, c h ^ dan deu { - Quang duong id HS Iam bai, hgc bai, igi hieu qua mong mudn n nhieu ki6n thuc ttong 'hua ke eac tiidng lin da sdu, chi ed tM hgc vet Viec cung ed phai giup h^c sinn suy nghi cac kien thuc da ti^p nhan vd cd su lien he vdi cac bai ni chuy^n dong ihang bien d6i f= ^^^ ^'f^ vao mdt tinh hudng quen tiiudc hodc mdt tinh hufi ihi dai lucmg nao lafliayd6i? qud nhit de cung ed la su dung SDTD de h6 thdng cac kic • Van tPC tbay ddi se din d€n cac kien thuc vira hgc, HS vira ren luydn tu nhQng dieu gi? khai quat thd tim duge tinh chat ehung nhit lien he eua cac kien thuc oat Vecto gia toe Nhu vgy, the chgn vi tri, thdi diera de sir dung SDTD phu hgp Xac dinh su dyng SDTD vao vi tri nao, thai diem nao cua tidn trinh day hgc la yeu eiu[||H}i^dj^ y^M^ ttS^Mft M^ va phuang phap eiia GV Cd tiid dim^ SDTD de rad bai, day mdt dan vi kien thiie rihu khai mem, dinh ludt, hoae la de cung cd mdt rauc, ciing ed toan bai de cd the phat trien tu khai quat eho HS mdt each hieu qua 23 Van dung sa dh tvt vao timg bai hgc Trong tiing bai hgc, ren luydn TDKQ cho HS dugc tiiyc Men Iiic md bai, timg doan hay cudi bai Tuy thudc vao muc tieu, phucmg phdp, ndi dimg kidn thiic, GV sir dyng SDTD de kich tinch tu ddc lap, sang tao, khai quat cua HS Chiing tdi liy bai "Chuyin dgng thdng biin ddi deu" de minh hog TRAN V A N THANH - LE DUY NHAT lUong ng cd va ren Iuy?n TDKQ cho HS Meu lg khdng phan phdi tiet dn tgp, nen GV a qua trinh dn tap HS cd the sii dung ndi phin dd dugc hgc p HS khai quat hoa kidn tiuic bdng cac 6i deu khdc van tdc ttong ehuyen dgng Cd chuyen dgng deu nao ma lai cd gia tdc khdng? Khi van tdc chi thay ddi Idn mdt each ddu dan theo thdi gian nhung hudng khdng thay ddi thi tich chat ehuyen ddng eua vdt nhu the ndo? Khi van tde chi thay ddi hudng theo thdi gian (do Idn khdng ddi ) thi tich chdt chuyen ddng cua vat nhu thd nao? Tir dd, HS ren Myen tu va phat tridn dugc tu khai quat Mdt sa dd thd hien hd thdng kidn thirc Ididi quat nhu sau: Hinh Sa tu chuang "Dgng hoc chdt diem " PHAT TRIEN TIR DUY KHAI QUAT CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HQC VATLY 101 3.K£TLUAN HS su dung dugc edng eu SDTD de tdng hgp nhirng kien tinic mdi radt each khoa hgc se phat huy het kha ndng lam viec ddc Igp ciing nhu boat ddng nhdm de ty tim kidm kidn thiic cho ban than KM hgc sinh ty tira kiera duac kien thirc eho rieng minh tM cam thiy phin chin han, kha nang tiep thu bai nhanh hon, tii dd tu khai quat cua HS duge ren luyen va phat trien GV cd thd ap dung duge SDTD tit ea cae budc eua qud trinh dgy hge nhdm phat huy dugc tinh tieh cyc, chu ddng, sang tao, giup HS phat trien nang Iyc, tiem ndng Budc dau hinh cho HS kha ndng khai quat hoa ttong viec tiep nhdn thdng tin lam CO sd cho viec ty hge va Iam viec sau Chiing tdi tin tudng rang kdt qua day hgc thuc ngMem theo tien trinh ttong bai bao se cd kdt qua kha quan gdp phan nang cao chit lugng day hgc d trudng phd thdng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Trin Huy Hoang (2010) Thiit ki bdi dgy hgc vdt ly Bai giang hgc vien cao hpc, DHSP Hu^ Ngo Van Hung (2009) Quy trinh hetiionghod noi dung kiin thiic ttong day hpc smh hpc a ph6 thong Tap chi Khoa hoc Gido due, S6 47 (8/2009) Pham Cdng Thdm (2009) Td chirc hogt dgng dgy hgc vai su ho trg cua Mind Map ehucmg dong dien cdc moi trudng vdt ly 11 ndng cao Luan van Thgc si Giao due hpc, DHSP - Dai hpc Hui Tony Buzan (2008) Sa dd tu duy, NXB T6ng hgp TP Hd Chi Mmh Thai Duy Tuyen (2008) Phucmg phdp dgy hoc truyin thdng vd doi m&i NXB Giao due Ha Npi Title: DEVELOPING STUDENTS' GENERAL THINKING IN TEACHING PHYSICS BY APPLYING MIND MAP Abstract: Mind map is a type of note taking using colours and pictures to broaden and deepen one's ideas In teaching physics, mind map will help students to generalize the lesson, systematize the knowledge, and apply knowledge The article discusses the applying of Mmd Map to develop students' general thinking in teaching grade 10 physics TS TRAN VAN THANH Tmcmg Dai hpc An Giang ThS LEDUYNHAT Tnrdng THPT chuyen Ben Tie ... sudt, hieu qua hgc tap ma cdn hudng vao viee hinh cho HS nang lyc tu duy, nhit la tu khai quat de hgc tap sudt ddi [3], [5] s t r DUNG SO D T U DUY DE PHAT TRIEN TU DUY KHAI QUAT CHO HOC SINH 2.1... phat tridn dugc tu khai quat Mdt sa dd thd hien hd thdng kidn thirc Ididi quat nhu sau: Hinh Sa tu chuang "Dgng hoc chdt diem " PHAT TRIEN TIR DUY KHAI QUAT CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HQC VATLY 101... cMem lmh fri thiic mdi, ghi nhd vd PHAT TRI^N rv DL-Y KHAI QUAT CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY dao sau kiln tiiuc, tu sang tao, tu khai quat dugc phat triln, ndng lyc lam viec ddc Igp eiia HS