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NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG TiCH HOP GIAO DUC SlJf DUNG NANG LUONG TIET KIEM, HIEU QUA TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY THONG QOA DAY HOC DUf AN TS Nguyin Thj Nhj TS Mai Vdn Um Khoa Vpt ly vd Cong nghf Truang Dfii hgc[.]
NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG TiCH HOP GIAO DUC SlJf DUNG NANG LUONG TIET KIEM, HIEU QUA TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY THONG QOA DAY HOC DUf AN TS Nguyin Thj Nhj TS Mai Vdn Um Khoa Vpt ly vd Cong nghf - Truang Dfii hgc Vmh SUMMARY Energy is indispensable in the production aruiin daily life and every activity of lifi: Traditional energy sources can be exploited to provide for social needs are not inexhaustible Therefore the use of energy education and efficiency savings is extremely necessary The educational u.s\' < :ii^ and ejficiencv in the high schools is a process of creating student awareness and concern fur /.L ^r.^r^v source so that you have enough knowledge, skills, attitude and motivation to be able to operate independently or in collaboration to find solutions using effective energy savings in current and infiiture In this article we are only referring to integrate education issues using energy saving and efficiency in teaching physics in secondary schools through project-based teaching Keywords: Energy Energy saving and efficiency Integrating energy saving and efficiency education, teaching physics; project-based teaching Ngdy nh$n bdi: 26/11/2015; Ngdy duyp ddng: 02/12/2015 Sft dyng nSng Iuong tilt kifm, hifu qua vfi nhfhig vin dl cff bfin ve gifio dye siir dyng nfing Iupng tilt kifm, hifu qua Sft dyng nfing lupng tiet kifm va hifu qua la sft dyng nfing lupng mOt cfich hpp ly, nhfim giam mftc tifiu thy nfing Iupng, giam chi phi nfing lupng cho hogt dOng cfta cfic phuang tifn, thilt bj sft dyng nfing lupng mfi vin dfim bao nhu cau nfing lupng can thifit cho cfic qufi Vinh sfin xult, djch vy vfi sinh hogt De thyc hifn thfinh cdng vifc sft dyng nfing lupng tifit kifm, hifu qufi, ngofij cfic bifn phfip qufin If nhu xfiy dyng cfic vfin bfin phfip quy ve sft dyng nfing lui;mg tiet kifm vfi hifu qufi; Lya chpn ca cau kinh te cho hifu qufi cao vl sft dyng nfing lupng; phat triln hpp Ii cfic ngfinh tifiu thy nhieu nfing iupng; Cd chinh sfich uu tifin doi vdi vifc phfit triln cfic nguon nfing lupng mdi vfi nguin nfing lupng tfii sinh; Cfic bifn phap kT thufit nhu sft dyng cflng nghf mfli nfing cao hifu qufi sft dyng nfing lu^mg, tim cfic nguon nfing lupng mdi thay the; thi cfl mOt bifn phfip vfl cftng quan trpng mfi cfic quoc gia deu quam tfim tdi la bifn phfip tuyfin truyfin gifio dye de nang cao y thftc ngudi tifiu dftng vl sft dyng nfing Iupng tilt kifm, hifu qua Gifio dye sft dyng nfing lupng tilt klfm vfi hifu qufi Ifi mflt qufi Vinh hinh thfinh, phfit Vien d ngudi hpc sy hieu biet, kl nfing, gifi vj va quan tam tdi nhftng van dl yf sft dyng nfing lupng tilt kifm va hifu qui^ tgo difiu kifn cho hp tham gia vfio phat Vifin xfi hOi bfin vftng vl sinh thfii Gifio dye nhfira giftp cho raoi ca nhfin vfi cOng ding ed sy hieu bilt vfi nfing lupng ciing vdi cac vin dl cfta nd (nhgn thftc); nhihig khai nifm co bfin vl nfing lupng vfi sft dyng tilt kifm, hifu qufi (kiln thftc); nhttng tinh cam, mdt quan tfira vifc cfii St • TAP CHf THI^BIGlAO DMC-stf 124-12/2015 thifn va sft dyng nfing lupng tiet kifm va hifu qua (thai dp); nhftng kT nfing giai quyet cung nhu thuyet phyc cac vien ciing tham gia (kl nfing); tinh than trach nhifm truoc nhftng van de nfing lupng va CO nhftng hanh dflng thi!ch hpp gifii quyet van de (hanh vi tich cyc) Myc dich cila giao dye sft dyng nfing lupng tiet kifm va hifu qua: Lam cho cac ca nhan va cflng dong hieu dupc tam quan trpng ciia nfing lupng va cua vifc sft dyng tiet kifm, hifu qua nguon nfing lupng; dem lai cho hp kien thftc, nhan thftc ve gia trj, thfii df va kl nfing thuc hanh de hp tham gia mflt each c6 trach nhifm va hifu qua phong ngira vagial quyet cac van de nfing lupng Sy thieu hieu biet ve nfing luppg va tam quan trpng ciia vifc sir dyng nfing Iupng tiet kifm va hifu qua cua ngudi la mpt nhftng cac nguyen nhan chinh gay nen sy c?n kiet cua cac nguon tai nguyen nfing lupng va huy hoai mdi trudng sjnh lhai_ Dq vgy, can phai giao dye cho mpi ngudi biet va hieu ve nfing lupng, tam quan trpng ciia vifc su dung nfing lupng tiet kifm vfi hifu qua su phat trien ben vijng Trong giao due sft dyng nfing lupng tiet kifm vfi hifu qua, giao due d nha trudng dong vai Iro quan trpng vi ngoai do! tupng hpc sinh va thong qua hpc sinh CO the tac dflng mflt each rflng rfii !en cfic vien khac cua xa hfli, trudc het la cac vien khac gia dinh hpc sinh Vi vfiy, thyc hifn giao dye sft dyng nfing lupng tiet kifm va hifu qua nM trudng la mpt cac bifn phap huu hifu nhfit, kinh te nhfit va co linh ben vftng nhat Giao dye nha trudng thong qua cac hoat dpng phong phu da dang va ho trp l§n nhu; vui choi, lap dpng, hogt dpng xS hpi, thong qua sinh hoat tgp the, ty tu dudng, Vi NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG vgy, gifio dye tiidng hofin tofin cd khfi nfing, dilu kifn thyc hifn cfic yeu cau ve sft dyng nfing lupng tilt kifm vfi hifu qufi, thyc hifn vifc gifio due sft dyng nfing lupng tilt kifm vfi hifu qufi Cd thl thyc hifn nfli dung nfiy bfing each tich hpp nfl dgy hpe cfic mfln hpc ciang nhu it hogt dflng gifio dye cho hpc sinh d trudng phd tfiflng Tfch hgp gifio dye si^ dyng nfing lirpng tiet kifm vfi hifu qufi dgy hpc mfln V$t 1^ d tnriyng THPT thdng qua d^y bpc dv an 2.L Dgy bgc Ibeo dg dn Dgy hpc dy fin lfi mflt kilu tl chftc dgy hpe, dd ngudi hpc thyc hifn mft nhifm vy hpc ^ p phftc hpp, cd sy kit hpp gifta ly thuylt vfi thye tien, thyc hanh, co ^ o cfic san phim cd thl gidi thifu hofic chuyin giao Vdi nhifm vy dd ngudi hpe dupc hudng dan de tv thyc hifn vdi tlnh tv lyc cao tofin bf qufi tririh hpc tgp, tft vifc xfic djnh myc dich, Ifip kl hogch, din vifc thyc hifn dyfin,kilm tra, dilu chinh, dfinh gifi qufi Vinh vfi kit qufi thvc hifn Hinh tfiftc Ifim vife chft ylu Ifi theo nhdm, ed sy vp giftp dfic lyc cfta cfic phuong tifn cone nghf hifn dgi Dgy hpc dyfincd ba dfic diem cot ldi, dd lfi djnh hudng thyc tiln, djnh huomg sfin phim (kit qufi cfta dyfinlfi nhftng sfin pham hfinh dOng vfi hogt dpng tri tuf cd the cong bo, gidi thifu dupc) va djnh hudng ngudi hpc (djnh hirdng hftng thft cfta hpc sinh; ddi hfli tinh ty lyc cao cfta ngudi hpc; djnh huflng hogt dpng cho ngudi hpc) Thflng thudng dgy hpc dy fin dupc tien hfinh theo ba giai dogn: Giai dogn 1: Thilt kl dy fin Giai dogn nfiy dupc thyc hifn thflng qua cfic buflrc cy thl nhu - Xfic djnh myc tieu, gifio vifin nfin pghT din cfic sfin phim culi cung bfit dau thilt kfi dg fin; gifio vifin cln xfic djnh rfl nhttng gi hpc sinh phfii btet vfi cd thl lfim dupc kit thfic dy fin - Xfiy dyng $ tudng dyfin:Hogt dflng dyfinphfii thiet kl cho dfip ftng dupc cfic nhu elu hogt dflng va nghifin cftu cfta ngudi hpc dli vdi mon hpc, lifin hf thyc tiln cuOc sing cua hpc sinh Kjch bfin cho mOt dy fin hay sfi dfit ngudi hpc vfio nhttng vai nfing dOng: dfit hpc sinh nhftng nhidra v^dfli hdi sy nl l\rc hoat dfng; cd S nghia tiiyc tien; nhfim den cfic chuan kientfiftcvfi kT nfing vfi bfim sfit myc tifiu dg^ hpc - Xfiy dyng bf cfiu hfli djnh huflng: De hudng dSn dy fin vfi giftp hpc sinh tfp trung vfio^nhftng -y tudng quan trpng nhttng khfii nifra mau chot cfta bfii hpc, gifio vien ckn phfii xfiy dyng bO cfiu hdi djnh huchig Bfl cSu hdi nfiy can phfii dOc dfio, thfi vj, ldi cu6n ngudi hpc - Lfp kl hogch vfi xfiy dyng cfic tieu chf dfinh gifi Trong qufi trlnh thyc hifn dy fin, gifio vifin nfin tiiilt kl cfic cflng ey dfinh gifi nhu bp cfiu hdi djnh hudng philu quan sfit nhdm, philu phfin hoi bgn hpc, philu dfinh gifi va ty dfinh gifi nhdm, dfi gifio vien dfinh gifi cung nhu khuyen khieh hpc sinh ty danh gifi, dfinh gifi sy tiln bfl cfta minh - Xfiy dyng ngudn tu lifu tham khfio Bk vifc tim kilm thong tin cfia hpc sinh dftng hudng, dfing myc tifiu dfi dfit thi giao vien cSn xfiy dyng ngudn tfii ngiQ-en tham khfio nhu sfich, bfio, cho hpc sinh Giai dogn 2: Tien hanh dgy hpc theo dy fin - Hirflmg din hpc sinh xfic djnh myc tifiu vfi thao lufin y tudng dy fin - Danh gifi nhu cau, kiln thftc cfta ngudi hpc trudc thyc hifn dv fin - Chia nhdm va lfp kl hogch thyc hifn dy fin - Hpc sinh thyc hifn dyfintheo kl hogch dfi dl Giai dogn 3: Kfit thftc d^ an Hpc sinh trinh bfiy sfin pham, gidi thifu cdng bd sfin pham dy fin Gifio vifn va hpc sinh dfinh gifi kit qua vfi qufi trtnh ddng thdi rfit kinh nghifm cho dy fin 2.2 Tich bpp gido dgc sii dgng ndng Ivgng tiit kifm yd hifu qud thdng qua dgy hpc dg dn ^C( Vudng THPT, mdn Vgt ly cd lifin quan rat nhilu tdi nfing lupng, sv chuyen hda, bfio tofin nfing lupng Mdn hpe nfiy cd vai trd thgt sy httu Ich dli vdi ngudi hpc Vong vifc sft dyng nfing Iupng tilt klfm vfi hifu qufi Tich hpp gifio dyng su dyng nfing lupng tilt kifm vfi hifu qufi mdn vft ly lfi sy long ghfip, ket hpp mpt each cd hf thong kiln thfic vl sft dyng nfing lupng vfi kiln thftc mfln vft ly thfinh mflt nfli dung thong nhit, gfin bd chfit chg vdi nhau, dya tren CO sd logic nOi dung tftng bfii hpc, thflng qua dfl vira thyc hifn myc tieu bfii hpc vfta thyc hifn myc tieu gifio dpc sft dpng nfing lupng tiet kifm vfi hifu qufi, Gifio dye sft dyng nfing lupng tilt kifm vfi hifu qufi day hpc mon vgt ly ngofii vifc thyc hifn myc tieu cfta sft dyng nfing Iupng tilt kifm vfi hifu qufi thi cdn cd tfic dyng gdp phin nSng cao chSt lupng hpc tfip mdn vgt ly, hifn thye vifc hpc di dfli vdi hfinii,ly thuylt gfin lien vdi thyc tien tu dfl tgo dupc hftng thfi cflng nhu ldng yfiu thich vgt ly cua hpc sii^ Detichhpp vifc gifio dye sft dyng nfing lupng tflt kifm vfi hifu qufi dgy hpc vft lytfidngqua dgy hpc dy an chung tdi tien hfinh xay dyng va tochftc clio h^c sinh dl xufit, lya chpn cfic de tfii dy fin lifin quan den nfli dung sft dyng nfing lupng tilt kifm va hifu qua cfie bfii hpc Cae nfi dung giao dye sft dyng nfing lupng dupe thyc hifn tich hpp cfic dl tfii dy fin hpc tgptiidngqua cau hfli djnh hudng cfta kl hogch thyc hifn dy an Vi dy, to chftc chp hpe sinh ldp 11 THPT tiln hanh dyfin"Gia dinh tiet kifm difn" - Myc tieu cfia dy an: Bifit vai trd vfi tam quan trpng cua difn nfing cupc sing sinh hogt vfi san xufit; Biet dupc J nghTa cfta vifc su dyng difn tilt klfm va ^ hifu qufi cuflc sing sinh hogt hfing ngfiy; Biet dupc^thye te sft dyng difn d gia dinh va dja phuong; Biet cfic cfich sft dyng difn tilt kifm TAP CHf THI^ 01 GlAO DMC-stf 124-12/2015 • 51 NGHIEN CUU UNG DUNG hifu qufi gia dinh cy thl dl Diem cham xuat dupc cfic phuongfinthay the Tieu chf Nhfim toida GV thilt bj difn, thdi quen sft dyng Chim khfic chim difn de gifim ehi phi sft dyng difin 0,5 B I cyc rfl rang, de hieu gia dlrtfi Thdi gian dy kien cho hpc sinh thyc hifn dv fin 0,5 Cfl hinh anh minh hpa rd rang Hinh thftc la tufin 0.5 Trinh bfiy hpp ly - Cfic cfiu hfli djnh hudng Ngudi thuylt minh (rfl rang, mgch 0,5 nfiu ed thl gom; Vai Vd cfta lgc) difn Vong cuflc sing va sfin xuat? Difn dupc sft dyng nhu Nfli dung Nfiu dupc vai tro cfta difn 0,5 the nfio cupc song va sfin cuflc sing vfi sfin xuat xuit? Dilu gi xfiy neu chftng Neu dupc cfic hinh thftc sft dyng 0,5 ta thilu hofic khflng cd dif n? The difn Vong gia dinh vfi cpng ding nfio lfi sft dyng difn tilt kifm vfi Dua dupc cfic dfin chftng ve sy 1,0 hifu qufi? Md tfi hf thong difn tgi thieu hyt difn nfing vfifinhhudng gia dinh cfic em? Hfiy neu nhftng cftand truflmg hpp sft dyng difn chua tiet Neu dupc nhftng npi dung co ban kifm vfi hifu qufi d gia duih vfi d cua vifc sft dyng tiet kifm vfi hifu 1,0 dja phuang noi cfic em dang sinh qufi difn nfing sflng? D I xult cfic phuongfinthay till thilt bj difn, thdi quen sft dyng Mfl tfi dupe hf thing difn 1,0 difn dl gifim chi phf sft dyng difn gia dinh Vong gia dinh? Nfiu dupc cfic thoi quen sft dyng Qua cfic phuang tifn thflng difn chua tilt kifm gia dinh 1,0 tin vfi thyc tl (quan sfit, dieu tra, vfi dja phuang nai em dang sing khfio sfit thyc tifin ) hpc sinh Ifip Trinh bfiy dupc mflt sl gifii phfip 1,5 kl hogch, phSn cflng thyc hifn dy tilt kifm difn Vong gia dinh fin theo djnh hudng cfta cfic cfiu hdi Sfin phim cfta dy fin cfl thl Ket qua thyc hifn dupc cfic gifii 1,5 dupc thl hifn d dgng bai Vinh phap de xuat va kit qua cfta vifc diln da phuang tifn PowerPoint, tilt kifm difn d gia dinh bfio tufmg, traitfi v€ kfim bfii thuylt minh, Hpe sinh lya ehpn hlnh thftc thl hifn tich cyc, tft dd sfi thu dupc kit qufi tit dfipftngdupc dl dgt dupe mye tieu chfnh cfta dl tfii, raang tfnh dfc yfiu cau gifio dye tofin difn d trudng phi thflng dfio vfi sfing tgo G^ ^ tfii lifu thara khfio: http://tietkiemnang Tfii lifu tham khfio luong.com.vn/ ; http://vneec.gov.vn (chuomg trinh BO Gifio dye & dfio tgo Tdi lifu Gido dye su myc tifiu quic gla vfi sft d^ng nfing lupng tiet kifm dyng ndng lugng tiit kifm vd hifu qud thdng qua mpt va hifu qufi); Quyfit djnh sfl l427/QD-TTg cfta Thu tudng Chinh phft : Phe duyft Chuang Vinh myc tieu so mdn hgc vd hogt dgng gjdo dye ngoai gi& lin l&p quoc gia ve Sft dpng nfing lupng tiet kifm vfi hifiu a tru&ng Trung hgc ca s& Hfi Nfi 2009 Nguyin Thj Kim Dung (2014^, ZJfiv hgc tich qufi giai dogn 2012 - 2015; Cfic chuyfin gia ve tu van hgp chuang trinh gido dye phd thdng KJ yeu tilt kifm difn hfi thfio dgy hpc tich hpp vfi dgy hpc phfin hda d Dfinh gifi kit qua dy an nhu bfing ben trudng trung hpe dfip ftng yeu cau dli mdi CT \i Kit lufn Vife tich hpp giao dye su dyng nfing lupng tilt SGK sau nfim 2015, Trudng DHSP TP H I Chf Minh Do Huang Trfi (chft bifin) (2015), Dgy hgc kifm vfi hifu qufi Vong dgy hpe vft ly d trudng phd thflng cd tflih khfi thi cao va mang Igi hifu qufi tot neu tich hgp - phinmg thvc dgy hgc theo dfnh huang phdt triin ndng Ivc NXB Dgi hpc Su phgm bilt lya chpn vfi sft dyng cfic phuang phap dgy hpc tich cyc Df thyc hifn tot dilu dd ddi hdi gifio vifin Cao Thj Thfing (2010), Vgn dyng quan diim cln cd y thftc qufin Vift Vong tftng bfii dgy, bilt kit lich hgp viic phdt trien chuang trinh gido dye hpp chfit ehS gifta npi dung gifio dye sft dyng nfing Vift Nam gial dogn sau 2015, De tfii KHCN cap Bf lupng tilt kifm vfi hifu qufi vdi nfi dung cfta bO mdn B2008-37-60 Vft ly chuong trinh gifio dye thdng, bilt sft BO Gifio dye vfi Dfio tgo, Vgt ly 11, NXBGD dyng Iinh hogt cfie hinh thftc, phuong phfip dgy hpc 2008 ,, 58 • TAP CHf THlfTBIGlAO DMC-stf 124-12/2015 ... gifi kit qua vfi qufi trtnh ddng thdi rfit kinh nghifm cho dy fin 2.2 Tich bpp gido dgc sii dgng ndng Ivgng tiit kifm yd hifu qud thdng qua dgy hpc dg dn ^C( Vudng THPT, mdn Vgt ly cd lifin quan... lytfidngqua dgy hpc dy an chung tdi tien hfinh xay dyng va tochftc clio h^c sinh dl xufit, lya chpn cfic de tfii dy fin lifin quan den nfli dung sft dyng nfing lupng tilt kifm va hifu qua cfie... xfiy dyng cfic tieu chf dfinh gifi Trong qufi trlnh thyc hifn dy fin, gifio vifin nfin tiiilt kl cfic cflng ey dfinh gifi nhu bp cfiu hdi djnh hudng philu quan sfit nhdm, philu phfin hoi bgn