I f f l l NGHI£N COU SACH GIAO KHOA PHO THONG NlfdC NGOAI VA MOT SO KINH NGHIEM CHO VIET NAM GS TS NGUYINMINHTHUY£T 1 cor lieu Bdi v i l t ndy di^a t r In k i t qud phdn tich mdt sd bd sdch gido khoa[.]
Iffll NGHI£N COU SACH GIAO KHOA PHO THONG NlfdC NGOAI VA MOT SO KINH NGHIEM CHO VIET NAM GS.TS.NGUYINMINHTHUY£T sdch mdn Todn, bp sich mdn Khoa hoe vd 10 bd cor lieu Bdi v i l t ndy di^a t r I n k i t qud phdn tich mdt sd bd sdch mdn Xd hdi d THPT cd 28 bd sdch mdn Todn sdch gido khoa (SGK) nUde ngodi bao gdm b$ SGK (trong dd cd 16 bp cho Idp 10 vd 12 bp cho Idp 11 Tiing Phdp d t i l u hpc vd mdt sd SGK Ngdn ngUvd Vdn vd 12), bp sdch mdn Hda, bd sdch mdn V l t If, bd hpc d trung hpc cOa CH Phdp; bd SGK Tiing Anh tU sdch mdn Lkh sCif Hdn Qudc h i i n dai, bd sdch mdn t i l u hpc d i n h i t trung hpc eCia bang Tamilnadu, CH Sinh hpc, bp sdch mdn Dia li Hdn Qudc bd sdch An Dd; mdt sd SGK Tiing Anh d t i l u hpc vd trung hpc mdn Xa hdi, 11 bd sdch mdn Khoa hoc, v.v_ TU ndm 2009, cdc NXB tU n h i n dupe ph6p t6 eOa VQ Anh vd Ble Alien; mdt sd SGK Tiing Nga d t i l u hpc vd trung hpc eOa CHLB Nga; bd SGK Ngdn ngCf chUc b i l n soan vd phdt hdnh SGKTHCS vd THPT k l cd d t i l u hpc cua Td chUc Escuela Nueva (Ngdi trudng cdc mdn Qudc ngU, Qudc sU vd Dao dUc Tit d SOf Mdi], Colombia vd bdi viitSGKNgCfvdn cOa Hdn Qudc t i l u hpc se MOEHRD t d chUe b i l n soan, ngoai trir vd kinh nghidm ddi vdi Viit Nam cOa Cho Jae Hyun vd SGK mdn T h i dye Am nhac NU cdng gia chdnh vd Tiing Anh ddnh cho cdc NXB t u nhdn, MOEHRD dii Bui M^nh H u n g ' k i l m tra vd sUa ddi nhCmg chd c i n t h i e t Cdc trudng 2, S\f da d^ng cOa SGK d c nUdc CU li^u khdo sdt cho t h I y t i t cd cdc nUdc md bdi hpc cd t h i lua chpn mdt s6 sdch khdng qua thim v i l t ndy d l e l p d I u cd nhilu bd SGK Chcing han, djnh cda nhd nude, t r i / SGK cdc mdn Qudc ngCf, Bao bd SGK Tiing Phdp d truiftig t i l u hoc Phdp md diirc, Xa hdi, Todn, Khoa hoc, Ki t h u l t Am nhac, Till chOng tdi ed tay Id d c nhdm tdc gid khdc due T h i m chf MOEHRD k h u y i n khieh d c trudng biSn soan vd cdc nhd x u l t bdn (NXB) khdc t u b i l n so^n SGK d l cdng ngdy cdng cd th&m nhilu cdng bd: bd // itail une petite grenoullle cua NXB ngudi tham gia vdo vile b i l n soan nhUng eudn sdch 06 International (Paris, 1986); bd Le franeais cOa NXB cd c h i t lUcAig cao cho hpc sinh SGK NgQ vdn t r U ^ g ti^u hoc d c nUdc Haehette (Paris, 1987); bd Methode de lecture cda NXB 3.1 Nhin chung, mdn hpc tuong duong vdi mdn Bordas (Paris, 1992); bd Langue franeaise cda NXB Nathan (Paris, 1995); bd La courte ichelle cCia NXB Tteng Vilt d ble t i l u hpc d e nude ma chung tdt khdo sdt d I u dupe dat theo t i n ngdn ngCr dupc day, vt du: Hatier (Paris, 1996) Bd sdch cua An Dd md chOng tdi cd Id bd sdch Tling Anh, Tiing Phdp, Tiing Nga H l u hltSGKdi/oc cOa bang Tamilnadu ddnh cho hpc sinh (HS) phd ddt theo t@n mdn hpc Tuy nhi^n, cQng cd mdt s6 thdng h i hpc b i n g t i i n g Anh (Chfnh q u y i n bang t r u ^ g hpp sdch l l y nhimg d l t^n cd tinh n g h i thult Tamilnadu x u l t bdn, 2010) H I hoc b i n g t i i n g Tamil d d l h i p d i n hpc sinh, nhu: La courte ichelle (Ndng bang ndy ed bd SGK r i l n g vd mdi bang d An Dd cung budc), // itail une petite grenoullle (Con I c h nhd), Bp SGK cOa Hdn Qudc l l y t i n Id Qudc ngO Cdn bd cdnhtjrngbp SGK rieng d Hdn Qudc, theo Cho Jae Hyun vd Bui Manh SGK eCia Td chCrc Escuela Nueva (Ngdl trudng Mdi), Hiing, tCr ndm 1995, nude ndy b i t d I u xda bd chfnh Colombia lay t i n Id Ngdn ngU\ sdch ddc quyIn v l SGK Theo dd, SGK gdm loai: 32 Cdc bp sdch cd sd lupng sdch khdc C6 - Loai thU n h l t Id SGK qudc gia Bd Gido dye bd ddnh cho mdi Idp q u y l n Cd bd ddnh cho m6i \dp vd Phdt t r i l n ngudn nhdn luc Hdn Qudc (MOEHRD) t6 vdi ba quyln VI du, bd // itail une petite grenouille chUc b i l n soan, bao gdm t i t cd SGK m I m non vd t i l u cho Idp cOa Phdp gdm q u y l n : mdt quyen day doc hpQ sdch Qudc ngi? (Tiing Hdn), Qui5csii'(Uch sii Hdn (lecture), mdt quyln d^y v i l t (6criture), mdt quyln d?y hoat d$ng (aetivitis) Hdn Qudc, tii Idp d i n Idp 3r Qudc), Dgo d^e cho d e \dp cdn lai - Loai thU hai Id SGK d c NXB tU nhdn td chUc mdi hpc kl cd quyln: sdch day dpc, sdch day vilt, sldi day ndi vd nghe; cdn til idp d i n Idp 6, mdi hpc kl cW b i l n soan, MOEHRD t h i m djnh, bao gdm SGK dung cho cdc mdn hpc khdc d t r u n g hpc 6THCS cd 32 bd cd eudn: sdch day d p c sIch day viet - ndi va nghe 3.3 V I c l u tnic SGK, cd t h i thay loai hinh chinh ' Cho Jae Hyun vd BCii Manh HCing SG/f HgQ vdn cOa Hdn nhu sau: Qu6c vd kinh nghidm ddi vdi Viit Nam.- Tap chi Ngdn ngCtvd Ddi song s6 (158) / 2008, tr 20 - 26 ^ Bogota, Colombia, 2009 4«NHMHgCGU0DVC NGHI£N emu C Q 3.3.1 Clu true theo true k i l n thUe ngdn ngU hpc dung tupng khd tdn.Vldu.vdn bdn m d d l u q u y l n Idp Tidu b i l u eho d u trOc ndy Id bd sdch Langue ddi tdi trang A4, d i m dupc 440 dm t i l t , g I p l l n franeaise cua NXB Nathan Mdi q u y l n bd sdch bdi dpc t i l t d sdch Tiing Viit Idp h i i n hdnh Cde bdi ddnh cho mdt Idp, gdm mdt sd p h l n (partie), mdi dpc t i l p theo Id mpt vdn bdn thdng thudng vd mdt p h l n gdm mdt sd bdi hpc (unit) vd mdi bdi hpc gdm bdi tho Cum bdi thU hai gdm bdi dpc tdng cudng muc NgCf phdp, TU vUng, Chlnh td vd Chia ddng tCt, cdcnhdm hodn thi^n k? ndng dpc cho HS phan vd bdi hpc d I u khdng cdt§n chung Vidu, sdch Sau mdi bdi dpc d I u cd cdc cdu hdi tim hilu ndi Idp cd p h l n Phln cd 10 bdi hpc Bdi hpc gdm dung bdi vd sau m6i eym bdi doe d I u cd cde mue NgCf cdc myc sau: phdp, Chinh td, Chia ddng tU, TUvUng, Dpc - viit (r^n kT - NgCr phdp: Tir van bdn d i n cdu ndng dpc nhCmg I m d l v i l t sai chinh td) vd Ldm vdn -TU vung: Sip x i p cdc tU (theo trdt tU abc) KitthOemdi bdi hpc Id muc Trd chai v^ On tdp - Chinh td: TU khIu ngU d i n but ngCf 3.3.2.2 Bd SGKTiIng Anh cCia An Dd - Chia ddng tU: Qud khU, hi&n tai, tUong lai Cung nhu bd Le franeais cda Phdp, bd SGK cQa Mdi muc ndi t r I n d I u bdt d I u b i n g viec p h l n An Dd c l u tao theo chu di cda bdi dpq cdch chpn, tich mdt van bdn ngdn, tU dd rut k i t lu^n, rdi Idm ddt t&n vd sip x i p chu d l khdng gd bd bdi tdp thuc hdnh ChIng han, d l hpc kiln thUc SGK Idp cd nhUng chd d l sau: Hoy tungdm ngO phdp {TUvdn bdn din cdu), sdch gidi t h i f u m l u em: Nhd cda Ponni; Chung minh Id ban; Selvi vd Raja ciiuyln Chd chd vd n&u cdc y l u d u nhu sau; trin ednh ddng; Trong vudn; Run, run, run; Trin dudng -Dpc van b i n : Nhdng ngudi giOp dd ta; Bin bd biin TU tdp d i n -Vdn bdn t r I n gdm baonhiSu doan ? tdp 5, sdch khdng ed t i n chO di; d e bdi hpc (unit) - Mdi doan eho ta b i l t d i l u gl? dupe triln khai xoay quanh mdt bdi van xudi vd mpt -Vdn bdn t r I n gdm bao nhi&u cdu ? bdi tho, chi ed t i n d c van b i n ly Tuy nhiln, cd t h i - Mdi cdu cho ta b i l t d i l u gl ? tudn chu de tUnpi dung cdc van bdn doe hole n i m K i t l u i n dupe ddng khung Id: dupeehO d l qua td/nd/ddu sdch Vidu, Muc tuc "- Mpt van bdn thudng gdm nhilu doan Khi vilt, SGK tdp ghi"Bai1 Van xudi: Me Tfd/Daf cda cfttJng to ta xudng ddng d l ddnh d I u md d I u mdt doan ; Tho; Mong mudn vd trd Idf Trong Ldi ndi ddu, tdc gid - Mdt doan thudng gdm nhilu d u Mdi cdu Id sdeh eho b i l t chO di cCia bdi hpc ndy la "GiU Idy Trdi mdt chufii tir dupc td chUc vd cd mdt y nghTa Cdu Ddt vd mdi trudng eOa chdng ta" m d d I u bdng mdt chOf hoa vd k i t thCic b i n g mdt d I u Mpt dac d i l m phan biet bp SGK An Dp vdi bd chlm." Le franeais la sdch cd nhiJng ghi chu hudng dan vile Sau k i t luin ndi trSn, sdch cho bdi tap thuc tdm cCia GV Cd the hieu day td nhimg quyln sdch "hai hdnh, dd cd bdi tap s i p x i p lai trdt t u tU de tao mdt" - vUa Id sach HS vUa Id sdeh GV Nhd v l y thdnh c l u dung, v i l t lai d I u c h l m vd chU hoa bi bd ma tU trang d I u quyen sdch tdp da ed nhUng sdt, s i p xep tai c^c cdu da cho thdnh mdt doan, dat bdi hat, nhu^g c l u vd doan van khd dai, mac dCi HS c l u vdi nhCmg tCr d l cho, viet mdt sd c l u di td mdt chua b i l t chCr eon m i o nhd Bd SGK cda An Dd dUpe x u l t bdn vdo d c nam 332 Clu tnic theo tryc ehO di cCia bdi dpc 2010,2011 nen the hidn phuong phdp day hpc theo 33.2.1 Bp SGK Le franeais ciia Phdp dinh hudng giao t i l p (phuong phdp giao tiip) khd Mdi q u y l n bd sdch Le franeais cua NXB rd Sach d c Idp 1,2,3 day cdc hien tUpng ngU phap Haehette ddnh eho mdt tdp, deu eau tao theo chCi d l nhu sd (t, sd nhieu, danh tU, ddng tU, tinh tU, gidi tU, cCia bdi d p c mdt chii d l hoc t u l n (12 ngdy) thdng qua cdc trd choi va bdi t i p Chi tUsdeh tdp trd Cdch chpn, d I t t i n vd s i p x i p chCi d l khdng gd bd Vf \ir\ mdi cd dinh nghia cdc hien tupng tU vung, ngu" du, sdch Idp cd nhimg chii d l sau: Chdn dung, Chudt phdp nhu ddng dm, ddng hinh, dai tU nhdn xung, vd mio, Bdy biin, Ong bd, NhUng gdu, Miia ddng, Cd till l l y v( du v l phuong phdp giao t i l p eOa Trd chai vd dd chai, Mdn dn, Gid trang, Mudng thu, Mua bd sdch qua quyen SGK Idp Md d l u sdch ed mdt xudn, Chlm mudng, Mdy mdc vd ngudi mdy, Phii thu^ bdi khdi dpng di giup HS Idm quen vdi hoat ddng tdp vd^in Nude vd cdt t h i vd hoat ddng hpc tap Bdi khdi ddng cd nhO'ng TBm d i l m cda mdi chd di td hoat ddng dpc vdi hoat ddng sau: vdn bdn, chia thdnh cum bdi Cdc hoat dpng khdc - Em nghe, em hdt Gidi thieu van b i n Hello I Hello d I u xoay quanh hoat ddng ndy I Good morning HUOng dan GV td ehUc cho HS dUng Van bdn m d dau cum bdi thU nhat cung td van vdng trdn, chdo vd hat bdn khdi ddng chO d l , td mdt d u chuyen, thudng cd - Em td mdu: HS t d mdu ten bdng hoa sen t r i n SJiSO-THANGS/ZDIZtS C Q NGHIENCOU^ trang sdch Sau dd, GV td chUc eho HS dUng vdng trdn, vd tay, p h l n bidt b i n phdi - b&n trdi - Em dpc HS tdm bdi tdp ddnh d l u vdo nhUng hinh n h l t djnh t r i n trang sleh theo ydu c l u d l tdm quen vdi thao tdc"dpe"vd quan sdt Bdi cd t i n Id Hdy tungdm em (Look at me) cd nhUng hoat ddng sau: - Nghe dpc thct Gidi t h i l u mpt bdi tho don g i l n vdi cdc hinh minh hoa d l HS b i l t Xirx mdt sd bp p h | n CO t h i nhu m I t mui, m i l n g , rang, d l u , chin, ngdn tay, ngdn chan, - Chiing em nghe, chung em dpc HS nghe GV dpc cdc tU chi bd ph|n co t h i dd b i l l k6m hinh minh hoa sdch Sau dd, GV td chUc cho HS dUng vdng trdn, choi trd hdi t i n - Em nghe, em ndi: GV hdi, HS trd Idi Vf du; (Chi vdo mui) Ddy ed phdi mui khdng ? Phdi p (Chi vdo chdn) Ddy ed phdi mui khdng ? Khdng p - Em ve: HS trd tOi cdu hdi Em Id gdi hay trai ? rdi td mdu vdo hinh bdn dudi c l u tuong Ung Tilp theo, HS hpc d e h gidi t h i l u v l minh vd ngudi gia dinh minh, rdi hpc d e ehCf d i a, b, e, d (nghe, dpc, vilt) Cudi ciing, muc Em ed thi (I can) giup HS tdng k i t lai nhCmg d i l u dd hpc dupe thdng qua cdc hinh thUe hoat ddng nghe, ndi, dpc, v i l t Van b i n t i p dpc khdp tai Bdi hpc td mdt c l u ehuydn vui vdi nhilu chU HS chira h i b i l t dupe "dpc vdi su gidp d d eCia GV" Cd t h i ndi bd SGK cda An Dd dd t i l p cdn vdi phuong phdp td ehUc hoat dpng nhung cdc hoat ddng v l CO bdn v i n dupe t r i l n khai xoay xung quanh true chO de cOa bdi dpc 3 Clu true theo true chCi d l eOa hoat ddng 3 Bd SGK cOa Hdn Qudc Khdc vdi loai sdch c l u trOc theo chu d l eua bdi dpc cde chO d l bp SGK Han Qudc dupe ddt ten theo hoat ddng ChIng han, bdi d l u tidn eudn SGK QudcngUd hpc kl tdp d l u cd tUa d l Tim hiiu vd ndi cho ngudi khdc bUt vi su gidng vd khdc giUa cde su vdt Theo Cho Jae Hyun vd Bill Manh Hiing, mdi bdi hpc d l u cd cdc p h l n G/d/ thl^u Cde ddn w cOa bdi hoc, On luyin, Ndng eao, Gidi trf ChIng han, sdch d?y ki n i n g v i l t bdt dau bdi b i n g p h l n Gidi thi^u vdi bUc tranh d trang khdc BUc tranh thCf n h l t ve hai ngudi d i l u khiln phuong t i l n giao thdng khdc nhau, mdt ngUdi tdi xe mdy vd mpt ngudi Idi xe dap Phfa dudi bUe tranh Id d u hdi: Xe mdy vdxe dap cd nhi^g diim ndo gidng vd khde ? BUc tranh thCr hai ve hai dUa t r i dang s i p xep vd phan loai nhilu dd v l t khde dua vdo nhCtng d i l m gidng vd khdc v l chUc n i n g , hinh ddng vd c h i t l i l u Phia 6>XHOAH9CGIADDVC t r i n bUc tranh Id Idi ydu c l u : Hdy nhdnxitnhUng diim gidng vd khdc giUa ede dd vdt vd vHtngay phia dudi ddy Tilp theo Id p h l n PhUdng phdp quan sdt vdi ho^t dpng hpc t i p ; - Hogt dpng 1: HS xem hinh hai dUa trd v61 nhufng c l u ddi thoal v l nhCmg d i l m gidng vd khdc glUa xe mdy vd xe dap - Hoat dpng 2; HS tim nhdng d i l m gidng vd khdc glUa xe mdy vd xe dap, sau dd diln thdng tin vdo bdng tdng hpp - Hoat dpng 3: HS v i l t mdt vdn bdn ngdn trinh bdy nhUng d i l m gidng vd khde gitjra xe mdy vd xe dap - Ho^t d$ng 4: HS trao ddi vdi d l rut phuong phdp v i l t mpt vdn bdn trlnh bdy nhirng dilm gidng vd khde giUa d e sy v l t Phln Tdi mudn biit td p h l n thue hdnh vilt mdt vdn bdn trlnh bdy nhOmg d i l m gidng vd khdc giCfa cdc sy v l t Phln ndy cd hoat ddng hpc tip; 1) Tim h i l u xe bu^t vd xe ICi; 2) Vilt nhimg dilu md HS thu nhdn dupq 3) D i l n thdng tin vdo bdng tdng hpp; 4) Vilt mpt van bdn n g i n trlnh bdy nhOng dilm gidng vd khdc giUa xe buyt vd xe ti&;5)Trao ddi bdi v i l t vdi ban ciing Idp d l t h I y dupe d c uu dilm vd han e h l nhIm hodn thien bdi v i l t cda minh Phln On luyin y l u c l u HS k i l m tra lai bdi vilt cOa minh; sau dd tim nhOmg d i l m gidng nhauvd khdc giCTa qud bdng dd vd qud bdng chuyen, d i l n npi dung vdo bdng, v i l t v i n bdn v l nhUng diem gidng vd khdc dd vd trao ddi bdi vilt vdi ban cdng tdp Phan Ndng cao ydu c l u HS xem lai bai vira viet; sau dd chpn mpt hai bdi tdp d l v i l t mdt van bdn v l nhimg d i l m gidng vd khdc giiia cde su v l t Phln G/d( trfcd tya d l Ngdn ngUeOa chung tardt g/du dep.Trong phdn n l y c d mdt bUc tranh tdn ve mdt trd choi ddn gian eCia t r i em SGK dUa mdt s6 tir cd tidn quan d i n trd choi dd v l d l nghi HS tim nhCmg tir ddng nghTa Myc dich cda p h l n ndy Id khuyin khfch HS chu y d i n v l dpp cua ngdn ngU ddn tdc SUMMARY The article analyzes several sets of foreign textbooks, e.g the set of Le Franeais textbooks fivm France, the set of English textbooks from India, South Korea, Colombia , based on which experiences and lessons are drawn for the compilation oft&ctbooks in Vietnam (CdnnQa) ... cdu Id sdeh eho b i l t chO di cCia bdi hpc ndy la "GiU Idy Trdi mdt chufii tir dupc td chUc vd cd mdt y nghTa Cdu Ddt vd mdi trudng eOa chdng ta" m d d I u bdng mdt chOf hoa vd k i t thCic b... tdp da ed nhUng sdt, s i p xep tai c^c cdu da cho thdnh mdt doan, dat bdi hat, nhu^g c l u vd doan van khd dai, mac dCi HS c l u vdi nhCmg tCr d l cho, viet mdt sd c l u di td mdt chua b i l t... hoat ddng ndy I Good morning HUOng dan GV td ehUc cho HS dUng Van bdn m d dau cum bdi thU nhat cung td van vdng trdn, chdo vd hat bdn khdi ddng chO d l , td mdt d u chuyen, thudng cd - Em td mdu: