I Mot sokinh nghiem phapluatve hoi CO the tham khao cho Viet Nam PGS.TS.LS Chu Hong Thai Q uyen tu hiep hdi cdn dugc ggi la quyen lap hdi, dugc ghi nhan Tuyen ngdn qudc tl vd Quyln ngudi ndm 1948, Cdng udc qudc te ve cac quyen dan su vd chinh tn nam 1966 (ICCPR), la mgt quyen co bdn cua ngudi cd y nghia quan trpng mgt xa hgi tu do, dan chu, van minh Quyen tu lap hdi dugc hien dinh tai Dieu va Dieu 25 cua Hien phap Viet Nam nam 2013 Qudc hgi nude CHXHCN Viet Nam da dua Ludt ve hdi vao chuong trinh lap phdp de thao ludn va ban hanh Trong linh vuc chinh tri, quyen tu hiep hdi cd vai trd thiet yeu doi vdi viec hien thuc hda quyen bdu cir, umg cu va quyln tham gia quan ly ddt nude Thuc hien quyen tu hiep hdi, cac ca nhan lien ket vdi nhau, hd trg cac boat ddng kinh te, van hda, xa hgi, san xudt kinh doanh va cdc hoat ddng thuong mai, dich vu Ddi vdi cac nhdm de bi tdn thuong (ngudi khuyet tdt, ngudi lao dpng nhap cu, ngudi ddng tinh, song tinh va chuyen gidi ), quyen tu hiep hgi cang cd vai trd quan LUAT s u V I | T NAM I sd I THANG 5-2016 trgng viec gdp phdn giam, tien tdi xoa bd phdn biet ddi xii vd ky thi, bao ve cac quyen ngudi cua cac nhdm ma tilng ndi ciia nhiing cd nhan thudc nhiing nhdm ndy dl bi xd hpi hoac cac ca quan cdng quyln bd qua Viec ddi Ludt vl hdi se tao hdnh lang phap ly viing chac thuc day quyen hiep hgi vd se la nen tang tdt de bao dam thuc hien cdc quyen ngudi d Viet Nam Uong su nghiep doi mdi Quyln tu lap hpi dugc ghi nhdn hau bet hien phap ciia cdc qudc gia tren thd gidi nhu mdt quyen co ban quan trpng Ri6ng Hidn phap Hoa Ky khdng de cap true tiep den quyln lap hgi md chi de cap den tu ngdn ludn va hpi hpp, nhung Tda an Tdi cao Hoa Ky, mdt co quan cd quyen lap phap, thdng qua an le vu NAACP kien Alabama ex rel Patterson nam 1958, da ket Iuan rang quyen lap hdi phdt sinh tir quyen tu bieu dat, tu hdi hgp va la mgt quyen vd tu cdn ban cua ngudi Trong he thdng luat Anh My, phap luat (an le) bao ve cac quyen tu lap hgi nhin chung rdt cdi md, tdn trgng tu vd su khac biet Ludt Nhdn quyln 1998 ciia Anh qudc coi Cdng udc nhan quyln chau Au la luat qudc gia, Dilu 11 cua Cdng udc ndy ve quyen lap hgi da cong nhdn phan quyet cua Tda an Nhan quyln chdu Au vl quyln hiep hdi cd gid tri dp dung true tiep tai Anh Anh qudc cung la qudc gia cd ludt ve hpi tuong ddi sdm, thS hien Ludt vd su lien ket ban hanh ndm 1825, Ludt Cdng doan ban hanh nam 1871 Ci Phap, Luat vl hpi da dugc ban hanh tu nam 1901 Sau nam 1945, nhilu qudc gia ban hdnh ludt ve hpi mdi nhir Luat ve hgi cua Due 1964 thay thi cho cdc dao ludt han hep, go b6 dd dupe ban hanh trudc dd Den cudi thdp nien 1980, lan sdng dan chu d Ddng Au song hanh vdi si; kit thuc cua Chidn hanh lanh dS tao mdi trudng mdi de nhieu quoc, I gia khu vuc b?Ji hdn^v| cac ludt vd hgi hien dai va cdi md ban, nhu Ludt vl hdi cua Ba Lan 1989, Ludt vl hgi ciia Hungary 1989 Tuyen bd vl nhung ngudi bdo ve nhan quyln ciia Lien hop quoc nam 1998 khdng diidi de thiic ddy vd bao ve cdc quyln va " tu CO ban cua ngudi, mgi ngudi phai cd quyen tu lap hOi J J d cd cap qudc gia va qudc te Nhieu qudc gia cd dao luat rieng vl hpi nhdn manh ddc thu cua hpi Id phi Igi nhuan, cd the cd sd luong thdnh vien ddng va tam anh hudng rdt rdng, nhung hgi bao gid ciing mang tinh tu ddn su Mpt sd nude nhu Thai Lan, Ha Lan, Italia coi lap hgi nhu la mdt chu thd cua ddi sdng dan su, vi vdy quyen higp hdi ndm ludt dan su bode luat thuong mai Chdng h?n Dilu 1274 Bd ludt Ddn sir vd Thuong mai Thai Lan dua dinh nghia: "Hgp ddng thdnh lap hgi lien hiep la mdt hop ddng ma qua dd nhieu ngudi thda thudn hgp lai de cung tien hanh mpt ho^t dgng chung ngoai muc dich chia ldi" Tuy nhien, cd quan diem tu Lien hgp qudc cho rang quyen hidp hdi khdng chi la quydn ddn sir ma cdn Id quyen chinh tri Doan 12 Binh ludn chung sd 25 ndm 1996 cua Co quan giam sat ICCPR thupc Uy ban Nhdn quyen Lien hiep qudc khdng dinh quyen tu bidu dat, hdi hpp va lap hdi la nhiing dieu kien quan trgng cho viec thuc hien hieu qua quyen bdu cu vd phai dugc bdo ve ddy du Nam 2013, Bao cao vien Maina Kiai ciia Lien hiep qudc ve ti^ hgi hgp va lap hpi da cd mgt nghien ciiu vdi nhiing khuyen nghi rieng ve mdi quan he giua quyen hgi hpp, lap hdi vd bdu cir da cho rang quyen hiep hgi Id cdc quyen chinh tri Chinh vi quyen hiep hdi la quyen chinh tri nen cdc quoc gia mpt mat phdi tdn trgng quyen tu lap hdi, nhung mat khdc phai tri trdt tu, kiem soat cdc td chiic, nhdm gdy nguy hai cho xa hdi nhu cdc bang nhom tdi pham, khiing bd, bai ngoai, cac chinh dang phdt xit, ky thi sdc tdc, budn ban ngudi Cac hgi dugc lap thudng cd cac hinh thiic rdt da dang, cd the Id cdc cdu lac bd, hpi nghi nghiep, cae td chiic phi chinh phii, cac quy, td chiic cdng dodn, nghiep doan, td chiic tdn giao, c6 the Id chinh dang vd th|m chi cdng ty (sociaty) Vi the cung vdi luatve hpi, phap ludt cdc qudc gia thudng cd quy dinh dieu chinh timg loai hdi bdng cac ludt ridng nhu: luat ve doanh nghiep - cdng ty, ludt ve cdng doan - nghiep doan, ludt ve cac dang phai chinh tri, ludt ve cac td chiic ton gido Quyen tu lap hpi thudng chi gidi ban d cac nhdm hinh vi muc dich "cdng" (public), cdn cdc nhdm chi vi Igi ich rieng tu, chdng h^n nhu nhdm gia dinh, ddng hp, viec gap gd ban be cii va giao luu rieng tu thi dugc bdo ve bdi cac quy dinh khdc ICCPR vd phap ludt dan su ciia timg qudc gia Ndi chung quyen lap hdi gdn giai vdi quyen hdi hpp va quyen tu bieu dat, tu ngdn ludn, cae quyen diu cd gia tri quan trpng viec bdo vS va thiic day cac quyen khdc Khodn Dieu 22 ICCPR xae djnh: Mpi nguoi CO quyen tu lap hpi vai nhimg ngudi khdc ke cd quyin lap vd gia nhap cdc cong dodn de bdo I ve lai ich cua minh Theo ICCPR thi quyen tu lap hgi bao gdm ba ndi dung chinh: thdnh lap hpi mdi; gia nhdp cac hdi da cd san; boat dgng, dieu hanh hdi, bao gdm Hpi thao dong gop y ki^n vao dif thao Lu^t vS h$i LUAT s u VIET NAM I SO 51 THANG S-2016 Anh minh hoa > ca viec tim kiem, huy ddng cac nguon kinh phi dung thdng tin da dupe luat yen cdu rd rang, nhung la mdt thong bao de cac ca quan thdng ke cd Viec thdnh lap hgi mdi dugc thdng tin ve hdi chii khong phai la quy diiih khdc phap mgt giay phep Du la thdng bao, luat cua cdc qudc gia, nhung yeu ddng ky hay cap phep thi ICCPR cdu quan trpng cua ICCPR la cac deu ddi hdi su nhanh chdng Viec CO quan nha nude phai giai quyet cham tre thong bao, dang ky hoac thu tuc thdnh lap hdi mdt each cham cap phep cho mdt hdi c6 the thi8n chi, nhanh chdng va binh coi la su VI pham quyen tu lap dang vdi thu tuc don gidn, tiet hdi Neu tii chdi don xin lap kidm thdi gian va chi phi Viec hdi thi phai neu ro ly va thdng lap hdi d Bimgary khdng bao mdt each ro rang cho chu mdt chi phi O Nhat, viec nop don the diing don dang ky thdnh lap lap hdi cd the chi cdn qua mang in- Nhiing ca nhdn, td chiic hi tir chdi ternet Chuyen gia cua Lien hgp lap hgi cd quydn dugc khieu qudc khuyin nghi rdng mgt "thii nai, khilu kien trudc mpt tda an tuc thdng bao" (a notification pro- dpc lap va khdng thien vi cedure) thi tdt hon, phu hgp vdi luat nhan quyln hon la mdt "thii Quyln hoat dgng tu ciia tuc cho phep" (prior authorization cdc hgi da duge lap ddng procedure) vi tu lap hdi Id mgt nghia vdi nghTa vu cua chinh quyln duong nhien cua ngudi quyen viec tdn trgng, thuc Tai nhieu qudc gia nhu Djibouti, thi vd bao ve quyen miic Maroc, Bd Ddo Nha, Senegal, tdi thiiu, nha nude phai kiem chi Thuy Sy, Umgoay thit tuc thdng khdng dugc can thiep vao cdc hoat bao thudng dugc thuc hien bdng dgng binh thudng ciia hpi Quy vdn ban, c6 mpt sd ndi che, dieu le cua cac hdi duac tu L U A T SOVIET NAM I s 51 THANG S-2016 quyet bdi dai hdi cac vien ma khong cd su can thiep ciia nM nude Quyen rieng tu cua cac hoi cung cdn dugc bao dam, cac co quan nha nude khdng dugc thay ddi viec bdu chgn ban lanh dao cua cdc hpi, khdng dugc cu ngirdi cua minh vao ban lanh dao hpi, khong duac yeu cdu cac hoi nop kl hoach boat dgng hang nam Cac ngudn lire ve tai chinh, nhan su co vai trd dac biet ddi vdi cac hgi, cac khuyen nghi ciia Lien hop qudc deu hudng ddn ban che cac thu tiic rac rdi, mdt thdi gian de cac hgi dugc nhan tai trg Trong thirc te, nhieu qudc gia cd thai tich cue da hd trp cho viec lap cac hpi thdng qua cac bien phap nhu cung cdp dia dilm md van phong, tai trg tdi chinh giai doan ddu boat dpng NghTa vu cbii ddng ddi hoi cac nhd nude phai tao dung mgt mdi trudng thuan Igi, bmh ddng cho boat ddng c\m cac hpi Vdi hach nhiem ciia nha nude Id tdntt-gng,bdo dam va bao ve quyen ngudi, cdc ca nhdn thuc thi quyen lap hdi khong phdi so trd thdnh nan nhdn ciia dpa nat, bdi nhg, bdt bd tiiy tidn, ddi xii vd nhdn dao hoac ban che quyen di l^i, quyen tu ngdn ludn chinh dang ddi lap, da dupe trinh trudc Hg vien vd Thuong vien dd thuc hien yen cdu sua ddi Nhin chung khu vuc ASEAN, khudn khd phap ly quoc gia ve hdi cdn rdt ban hep va cd phdn cdn the hien sy: liing tiing quan 1^ nhd nude Vigc lgp hdi de dang hay khd khan d timg qudc gia phu thudc nhieu vao cac quy dinh ve thu tuc thdnh lap Tgi mdt sd qudc gia, thu tuc lap hgi dupe thuc thi rdt de dang, chi cdn thdng bao cho co quan nhd nude (thdm chi qua inVe ddi tugng vd ph^m vi dieu ternet) Phdn Idn qudc gia yeu cdu chinh, ludt ve hdi cua ede qudc gia nop hd so dang ky lap hdi thudng loai tru dd didu chinh rieng Quyen lgp hdi ndi chung duong tai mdt co quan nhdt dinh Hai logi bang ludt khdc ddi vdi cdc td chiic nhien thudc ve cdng dan cua mdt CO quan thudng dugc cac qudc gia tdn giao, ddng phdi chinh tri, cdc qudc gia, trii cdng chiic luc lupng trao quyen dang ky lap hdi Id tda td chiic lap bdu cir, nghia vu hang vd mdt sd ddi tuong khac an va co quan cdng chung, mgt Id cd ludt rieng ve ton gido, ludt Ddi vdi quyln lap hdi cua ngudi sd qudc gia thdnh lap co quan ridng ve dai bilu ddn cii Nhung nude ngoai, cac qudc gia cd nhiing chuyen trach viec dang ky thdnh cung cd mdt sd qudc gia lap hdi Ban van dpng thdnh lap hpi, cdn gpi xdc dinh pham vi dieu la ban sang lap, thudng chinh eua luat ve hdi rdt Luat can ^wgv xay dyng tren cty s& bao ve phai nop cho co quan rdng, tham chi khdng lo^i tLP va binh ding hiep hgi cua tat ca moi dang ky giay dang ky trii mdt td chitc ndo ngoai ngu^i Nha nwofc ton trgng, bao ve va bao dam kem theo quy chi hoac nhd nuoc Chdng han nhu quy^n cua ngiFtri dim va cua cac hgi mot didu 16 hdi, danh sdch luat Hungary quy dinh chung cho cac "td chitc xa each binh dang fioat dgng, tham gia cae thdnh vien sdng lap, hdi dan su", bao gdm cd cac hoat dgng xa hgi.Bac biet la c^c chfnh sach dia chi van phdng ciia cac dang phai chinh tri, td ve thu4 va t^i chinh can ro rang va h6 tree cho hpi - Sau mpt thdi hgn, I CO quan ddng ky se ed chiic cdng doan Ludt ve hoat dgng cua hgi 99 l ^ ^ ^ ^ " trd ldi ve viee dang ky hgi Malaysia 1996 didu chinh tdt cd cac td chiic cd tren ngudi, bao gdm ca cac cdng Ben canh viec thiet ke khudn ty, cdc ddng phdi, cdng doan, chi quy dinh rdt khac nhau, nhung nhin kho phap ly rieng cho lap vd chung phdi phu thudc vdo didu kien hogt dpng cua cac hpi, nhieu qudc trir cdc td chuc nha nude vl cu nu Thudng thi cdng ddn phdi gia ciing quy dinh cu the co quan Cdc qudc gia ASEAN hdu het dii 18 mdi mdi cd day du quyen vd diii tuc gidm sat viec thuc thi da cd dao luat rieng ve hdi, thdm thdnh lap va gia nhap hdi Tre em quyen lap hdi Thdm quyen gidm chi cd tit rdt sdm nhu Ludt vl Hdi dudi 16 tudi c6 the trd thdnh thdnh sat thudng dupe trao cho van phdng cua Viet Nam 1957, Ludt ve Hdi vidn cda mdt hgi neu quy chi ciia cdng td, hoge bd tu phap, hoac mdt ciia Midn Didn 1988, Ludt vl Hdi hgi cho phep va phai the hien CO quan khac De -m ly cdc vi phgm cua Malaysia 1996, Ludt Td chiic rd trach nhiem phap ly ciia ngudi boat dpng cua hpi, cac qudc xdhdilndonesia2013 Cacnude giam hd hop phdp Lugt hgi eiia gia cd cdc quy dinh ve trach nhiem khac khu vuc dang ban hdnh, Ecuador chi yeu cdu co it nhdt xa hdi ciia hdi, quy dmh cdc che sita ddi luat vl hpi Tgi Campu- ngudi dS lap mdt hdi, ludt tai nhu phgt tiln, dinh chi, gidi the chia, du thdo Ludt Hdi 2011 da ciia An DO can phdi cd tir ngudi, hdi Trong tinh hinh the gidi dien bi phd phan manh me vd dang bi luat ciia Ai Cdp cdn cd tit 10 ngudi, bien phiic tap hien nay, de dam bdo treo lai Tai Indonesia, Ludt Td luat cua Ba Lan cdn cd tir 15 ngudi, tdn trpng quyln hiep hdi ddng thai chiic xd hdi 2013 vira mdi ban ludt cua Rumani can cd tir 21 ngudi bao ve cdc hdi khdng bi cac td chitc hanh thay the cho ludt 1985 nhung de lap mpt hgi Cung vdi cac quy khimg bd Igi dung, cdc nha nude dang hi kien Tda an Hien phdp dinh ve thdnh vien, dieu kien phai su dyng nhimg co chi thay the Tgi Miln Dien, Ludt vl dang ky lap hdi thudng cd cdc quy dinh lien khac dd gidm nhe nii ro cho hpi thay thd cho Ludt vl Hgi 1988, quan dSn muc dich lap hpi (phdi cdc hgi, nhu thdng qua ludt giao dgo lugt vdn chu ylu nhdm kiem hpp phdp), lien quan den tru sd va dich ngdn hdng, ludt chdng nia tiln, sodt phong trao sinh vien vd cac tai san, didu le hdi ludt chong budn ban ngudi va ludt LUAT s u VlET NAM I SO SI THANG S-2016 hmh su de phdng ngira va ngdn cam cac hdnh vi khiing bd Tdt cd cae bien phap duoc su dung dieu kien cdn thiic day sy minh bgch vd tang cudng sy tin cay quan ly vd boat dgng hdi, lam de cdc hogt dgng xd hdi, cdc quy tir thien va dich vu ed thi ngdy cdng dupe md rdng, quyen hiep hgi dugc tdn trpng va vuon tdi nhiing ngudi hudng loi chinh dang Quyen tu hiep hgi cdn bao gdm cd ndi dung: cdc hdi, td chiic xa hdi ddn sir cd the chii ddng cham dirt hoat dpng hogc bi co quan nha nude hay tda an chdm dut hoat ddng theo quy dinh Tuyen bd giai the hdi dugc thyc hien sau dd todn cdc nghia vy ve tdi sdn, ly tdi sdn va ede nghTa vu khdc ciia hdi Thdi diem myen bd giai the hdi la thdi dilm chdm diit ' hodn todn cac boat ddng ciing nhu tu each phdp ly cua hdi tren thuc tl O Viet Nam, nhu cau hdi hgp, bdo ve Ca nhdn hoac mgt _ ^ _ chia se vd lien ket thdnh lap hdi cd nhdn, mdt td chiic mudn cua ngudi la tu nhien, la mgt lap hpi thudng chi cdn dang kj vdi quyen ngudi cdn dugc thira CO quan nha nude chit khdng phai nhdn, tdn trgng va bdo ve nhu d xin phep Nha nude Chinh vi vgy, bat ky qudc gia nao tren trai dat thil tuc dang ky cdn ro rang, don Hien phap Viet Nam nam 2013 da gidn vd khdng bi phu thupc vao y quy dinh ro quyen ndy d Dieu 25: chi chii quan "cho phep % Cdng ddn c6 quyln tu lap hdi hay khdng cho phep l^" \^ec xay dung Ludt ve hpi vira ciia CO quan cdng quyln Co chi la nhu cdu cdp bdch de thuc hien quan lieu bao cap vd ldi qudn ly Hien phdp viia la de tdn vinh gid "xin-cho" vdn cdn tdn tai dai ddng tri quyen ngudi, phat huy nhan vdi he qud "cho phep" lap td ngudi nhu mdt ddng luc co hpi nhu mdt su ban on cdn dugc bdn phat trien xa hdi, vi su nghiep xda bd de thay vdo dd Id each hr dan giau, nude mgnh, cdng bdng, tdn trgng Hien phdp, tdn ddn chii, van minh Mgt sd kinh quyen ngudi nghiem phdp ludt ve hdi cua cac qudc gia tren thi gidi cd the cdn Hai Id, quyln ty lap hgi la dugc nhin nhgn xdy dung Ludt quyen tu dan sy, cd lien quan ve hdi eiia Viet Nam nhu sau: tryc tiep tdi cac quyen ngudi khdc Luat ve hgi quan tdm tdi Mpt Id, thdnh lgp hdi Id quyln quyen tu lap hdi ddng thdi cIn duong nhien cua ngudi vd ciia quan tdm cac hinh thirc td chiic cdng ddn ma Nhd nuoc cdn cd ddm bao quyen hdi hpp va ty trach nhiem tdn trgng, thuc thi va bieu dat cua ngudi dan dudi moi NhiSu cu-tri t r i tham gia bd phi^u bau cu- d^i bieu Quoc hpi va HOND cac cap LUAT SUVIET NAM I SO SI THANG S-2016 hinh thiic Cdc Imh vyc lap ddn, dd cd quyen tu lap vd boat dgng cua hdi cdn dugc hdi va tham gia cac hogt ddng cua thuc Men rdng liii toan bd hdi Can lim y rang neu khong ddi sdng xa hdi, neu cd gidi han vi xudt phat tir quyen va tu co lien quan den an ninh qudc gia va ban cua ngudi de xdy dyng va trdt tu cdng cdng thi phdi ro rang, ban hdnh thi Luat ve hdi se de trd khdng mo hd, tranh su tiiy tien cua thdnh lugt hgn che ty lap hpi CO quan cdng quyen viec han Nam la, quyln lap hdi ciia che quyen lap hdi ciia cdng ddn Viec khdng gidi hgn hoat dgng ciia ngudi ddn di liln vdi quydn ty chii ciia hpi, tu chii phdi di liln vdi ty hdi se ddm bdo mpi cdng ddn diu cd quyen lgp, gia nhap hoac chiu trdch nhiem Ludt vl hgi cdn tir bd hgi, dap ung nhu cdu quy dinh rd rang cdc hdi phai chiu cang da dgng, su phdt trien sinh trdch nhiem giai trinh rd rdng vdi CO quan quan ly nhd nude ve hdi, dpng ciia ddi sdng xd hpi vd nhu vdi xa hgi, voi cdng chiing va cac cdu phong phli khdc eiia tdt nha tai trp, vdi cac vien cua cd cdc tang lap dan cu hgi cd lien quan Ludt ve hgi phai Ba la hdi Id td chiie tu nguyen dgt yeu cdu phdp ly ve mpt co cd chung myc dich cua hgi vien che quan tri ndi bp minh bach vol Quy dinh ciia Ludt ve hdi cdn trach nhiem rd rang vd boat dgng hudng vdo viec hdi tdn trgng minh bach, hieu qua, thiic ddy co quydn tham gia hogt ddng hdi cua che ty chiu trach nhiem va tu giam hdi vien, bdo ve quyen vd loi ich sat boat ddng ciia hgi hon la qua ciia hdi vien, cung cdp dich vu CO chi bao cao va giam sat cua co cho hpi vien va td chiic cdc boat quan nhd nude Trong cudc sdng ddng sinh hogt hpi, thuc hien cac da dang vdi hang tram nghin hdi hoat ddng vdn dgng xa hgi vd van dugc lap vd hogt ddng thi ddng chinh sdch, trien khai cdc viec qudn ly, giam sat cua cac co hogt ddng kinh tl phii hpp neu loi quan hdnh chinh nhd nude la rdt nhuan dugc sit dung cho hogt ddng tdn kem, neu nhu khdng ndi la dm ciia hdi Dong thdi vdi viee thdnh khdng xue, vi the viec xac dinh lap hgi, cdc cd nhdn cd quyen tu ludt ve trach nhiem gidi gia nhap vd ty nit lui (ra khdi, rdi trinh, CO che ty chiu trdch nhiem bd) cac hdi Tucmg tu nhu the, cdc vd tu gidm sat hogt dpng cua cdc hdi cd quyen ngimg boat ddng vd hdi cd y nghia rdt quan trgng tu gidi tan Viec cac co quan nhd nude ngimg hogt dgng va gidi tan hdi phai tuan thii chat che cdc quy dinh ciia lugt de bdo ddm khdng can thiep tien Bon Id, quydn lap hdi tuong ung vdi nghTa vu cua nhd nude viec tdn trpng, thyc thi vd bdo ve quyln Lugt Nhdn quyen qudc tl va Hien phdp 2013 ddi hdi Nha nude cd nghia vu thuc thi cdc bien phdp nhdm bdo ddm cdc quyln tu can bdn cua ngudi Sdu la, thuc te hien d Viet Nam cd rdt nhieu hinh thiic ve hdi, bao gdm cac td chitc chinh tri, chinh tri-xd hdi, chinh tri-xa hdi- nghe nghiep, xa hdi, xd hginghe nghiep, nghe nghiep mang eac ten khac nhau; hdi, hiep hpi, lien hiep Hen doan, lien minh, cau lac bp, phdng, ban Hen Igc , cd nhiing td chuc vd nhdm co dang ky va nhiing td ehiie va nhdm khdng dang ky vdi co quan nha nude, dang trien khai cac boat ddng d cap cdng ddng, qudc gia hoac qudc tl, hdi boat ddng cdc ITnh vyc kinh te, van boa bode xa hgi Lugt cdn dugc xdy dyng tren co sd bao vd ty vd binh dang hiep hdi ciia tdt cd mpi ngudi Nha nude tdn trpng, bdo ve vd bdo ddm quyen ciia ngudi ddn va ciia cac hdi mdt each binh ddng hoat ddng, tham gia cac hogt dgng xa hdi Dac biet Id cac chinh sdch ve thue vd tdi chinh edn ro rang vd hd trg cho hoat ddng ciia hdi Cdn xdy dyng khung phdp ly phii hgp de ddm bdo tinh binh ddng, ty chii, tu quyet ciia cac hpi va cd CO che phap ly bdo ve quyen, cung nhu che tdi de xu ly cac xdm phgm ddi vdi quyen ty hiep hdi, xdy 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