imgnien cuu vrao doi THONG TIN GIAO DUG V £ N Oi LY L U A N VA THUC T I E N TS Vuong Thanh Huong Viin Khoa hgc Giao due Viit Nam Gidi thiiu cdc ket qud nghiin ciiu vi thdng tin gido diic d Vipt Nam gi[.]
imgnien cuu - vrao doi THONG TIN GIAO DUG- V £ N Oi LY LUAN VA THUC T I E N TS Vuong Thanh Huong Viin Khoa hgc Giao due Viit Nam Gidi thiiu cdc ket qud nghiin ciiu vi thdng tin gido diic d Vipt Nam giai dofin ta 1990 din theo banhdm chii di: Ihdng tin khoa hqc gido difc, h$ thdng thdng tin qudn If gido difc vd hi thdng chi sdgido difc Bi xudt mdt sd hudng nghiin ciiu vi OidngUn gido due thdi gian tdi C ac he thdng thdng tin hien dang l i chia khoi giiip quin ly hieu qui v i lim tang siic canh tranh cua cic td chiic Ddi vdi linh vuc giio due v i dio tao, phit trien nhanh v i md rdng nhidu loai hinh trudng, Idp d tit ca cic d p bic hpc nen cdng tic quan ly ngiy cing ttd nen phiic tap Thdng tin ttong quin ly giio due vi thd dupe coi ttpng hon, die bidt ttong viec lap kd hoach, xiy dung chinh sich, theo ddi va dinh gia cic boat ddng giio due Tu nam 1990 ddn da cd nhiiu bii vidt, du in, de tii nghien ciiu khoa hpc, luin vin, luin in, ky ydu hdi thio, v i thdng tin giio due v i thdng Un quan IJ giio due Trong bii vidt niy, chiing dupe nhdm thinh cac chu d i chinh sau: Thdng Un khoa hpc giio due (KHGD) He thdng thdng tin quin Ij* giio due (QLGD) - He thd'ng chi sd giio due Thong tin khoa hpc giao due Thdng tin KHGD l i loai thdng tin xa hdi v i dupe nghien ciiu vi; THONG TIN va TUtlfU - 2/2012 - L i ddi tupng nghidn ciiu cd ciu ttiic, nghien ciiu v i cic qui trinh boat ddng v i khai thic thdng tin tdi uu thdng qua cic khii ni6m, phirong phip luin, i p dung ky thuit v i cdng nghB; - Cd tinh phd bidn, die biet dupe quan tim ttong bdi cinh bitng nd thdng tin va su phit tridn da dang cua cic loai hinh giio due v i dio tao; - Rat cd gii trj de phit tridn giio due xu the hdi nhip v i tpin cau hda De phit tridn nghien ciiu khoa hpc Hnh vuc giao duc-dio tao (GDDT), tiidng Un KHGD cing cin dupe quan tim vi: - Hoat ddng thdng tin KHGD l i mdt bd phin hdu cp cua cdng tic nghidn ciiu giio due; - Thdng tin KHGD l i cdng cu cua nghien ciiu v i tridn khai cac nhiem vu, dd in, d i tii nghien ciiu giio due cic d p Thdng tin KHGD phii dupe phit ttien ddng hinh, thim chi di trudc mdt budc so vdi phit tridn nghien ciiu v i ttien khai d cic vien nghien ciiu giao due; - Hd ttp viec dd chlnh sich bd sung ngudn tin, xiy dung co sd du Ueu (CSDL) Mghidn ciiu - Yrao ddi vi diu tuttangthidt bj hita dai phii hpp; - Diu tu phit ttidn tiim luc thdng tin KHGD, die biet li phit ttidn ddi ngO can bd thdng Un KHGD Dd ning cao hieu qui cdng tic nghidn ciiu KHGD cin ting cudng tich Iiiy vi phd bien thdng tin, tti thiic vi KHGD tdi ddng dio ngudi ddng tin ttong vi ngoii nude Mudn viy, cin chii ttpng ba vin di Thii nhdt, cin thdng ke diy dii vi phd bien rdng rii cac nghien ciiu vi KHGD di tidn hinh Thii hai, coi ttpng tinh kd thda ttong cdng tic nghien ciiu Thd ba, cin tip trung hpp ly kinh phi vio cic nghien ciiu theo djnh hudng ngudi sd dung, khdng chi theo djnh hudng nhi tii ttp, Thdng tin KHGD ddi hdi phii dupe "khim phi" vi cac he thdng thdng tin KHGD phii dupe thidt kd dua tten cic nghidn ciiu ly luin vi thuc tiin, Cic nghien ciiu ly luin bao gdm: bin chit thdng tin KHGD, cic quy luat thdng tin, mdi quan h6 cfla thdng tin KHGD vdi cic ddi tupng, vin di khic phit tridn GDDT nhu qui trinh day-hoc, hd thdng quan ly giio due,,,, Thidt kd he thdng thdng tin tu lidu vi KHGD cin dua tren cic nghien ciiu ling dung, phU hop thuc tiin, dap ung nhu cau ngudi diing tin khic nhau, phan inh dupe cic boat ddng thdng tin KHGD vi dinh gii duo'c hieu qui boat ddng cua cic he thdng thdng tin niy, Hoat ddng thdng tin KHGD thudng dupe danh gii can cii tren cic mat: xiy dung tiim luc thdng tin khoa hpc, kho tu li?u, cic CSDL, cic sin phim vi djch vu thdng tin, Vi$t Nam, tdc dp phit tridn cic h6 thdng thdng tin, cic trung tim thdng tin tu lieu, die biSt h$ thdng thdng Un KHGD cdn chim; phuong uen dinh cho vi$c sin sinh thdng tin khoa hpc vi mang ludi th6ng Un khoa hpc cdn ban chd Tii li^u khoa hpc chii ydu dua vio cic thu vi^n vdi sd diu sich bd sung hing nim khdng nhiiu vi khdng bao quit duoc cic In phim mdi cdng bd tren thd gidi Su hpp tic giua cic co quan thdngtingiao due cdn md nhat dan ddn chim ttS, thidu hut trpng chuyen giao, phd bien vi tidp nhin thdng tin He thdng thdng tin quan ly giao diic 2.1 Nghiin ciiu vi hi thdng thdng tin QLGD d cdp vl md He thdng tiidng Un quin 1^ giio dijc (Education Management Information System - EMIS) li cdng cu ning cao hita qua cdng tic QLGD Cic ket qua nghien ciru cho thiy, he thdng tii5ng tin QLGD Viet Nam di vi dang phat tridn ciing vdi nhOng cii cich ttong Unh vuc QLGD d cac cip quin 1^ Cic nghien ciiu ly luin vi he thdng thdng tin QLGD di cap den: quan niem vi he thd'ng thdng tin QLGD; vai tro cia he thd'ng thdng tin ttong QLGD; cic nguyen tac vi phuong phip xay dung he tiidng thdng tin QLGD hi$u qui; cic tieu chi dinh gii hita qui boat dpng ciia he thdng niy; v.v Cic nghidn cun thuc Uin chii ttong THONG TIN v a TULlfU - 2/2012 tttigmen cav - Trao ddi c i c v i n d i nhu; co d u td chirc cua he thdng thdng tin QLGD; cic kdnb thdng tin ttong he thdng tiidng tin QLGD; ning cao hieu qua boat ddng cua he thdng thdng tin QLGD'Viet Nam; die biet chu ttpng cic van di: diu tu v i su dung cd hi6u qua ttang thidt bj hita dai; kiem tta, giim sit boat ddng thdng Un ttong toin he thd'ng; ttao ddi, chia se thdng Un giila cac ngudn thdng Un KHGD; thu thip, luu trQ v i cung d p thdng tin giio due ttong v i ngoii nude, Nghidn ciiu thuc Uin cho thay, he thdng thdng tin QLGD nude ta vin chua dip ling dupe yeu cau ngiy cing cao cua cdng tic quin ly ndi ridng v i su phit trien nginh GDDT ndi chung Thidt kd, td chiic cua he thdng thdng tin chua hoin chinh; thidu cin bd cd trinh dp chuyen mdn-nghidp vu thdng tin v i Unh than ttich nhiem ttong hoat ddng thdng tin; chua xiy dung duoc phuong phip khoa hpc trpng cdng tic thdng tin dd giup cic nhi quin ly, nhi chuydn mdn sii dung thdng tin mdt cich d i ding v i hidu qua; ttang thidt bi, phuong tien hita dai cho van hinh he thdng chua ddng bd; d nhieu noi, phuong tien, thidt bj hien dai nhung chua phit huy dupe tic dung ttong thu thap v i xii ly sd Ueu, truydn din tUdng tin; thidu co chd, chinh sich v i bidn phip dd dua toin he thdng thdng tin vao hoat ddng nin ndp v i ky luit Thuc trang he thd'ng thdng Un QLGD Viet Nam d i duoc thio luin tai mdt sd hdi thio md rdng, vi du: hdi thao "Thdng Un quan ly giio due dai THONG TIN va TU Uf U - 2/2012 hpc" dp Vien Phit tridn Giio due td chiic tai Ha Ndi (22-24/8/1995) Trong nhimg nim diu the ky XXI, he thdng thdng tin QLGD cung d i dupe nhiiu td chiic qudc td quan tam, tii tro, vi du: Cdng ddng chiu Au (EU), thdng qua du in "Hd ttp dpi mdi quin 1^ giio due (SREM)", d i giiip Bd GDDT xiy dung be tiidng thdng tin QLGD vdi cic hoat ddng nhu: thidt kd phin mim, cii dit v i vin hinh h6 thdng; tap huin cin bd quin IJf thdng tin giio due cic cap (Bd, sd, phdng); xay dung cic bd chi sd danh gii chit lupng, hieu qui boat ddng trudng hpc v i he thdng chi sd dinh gii hi6u trudng, Ngin hing phit trien chiu A d i tii ttp viee "Xay dung he thdng thdng tin quin ly giip due nghi nghiep" (9/2004-7/2005) Phin mim quin ly thdng tin giao due nghi nghiep da dupe cii dat, van hinh thii nghiem tai 15 trudng nghd trudc tridn khai rdng cho cic trudng nghi ttong toin qudc 2.2 Nghiin ciiu vi hi thdng thdng tin QLGD a cdp vi md Day l i hudng nghien ciiu dupe i p dung nhiiu d cic sd, phdng giio due, trudng phd thdng v i cao ding, dai hpc Nhung nghidn ciiu niy da khang dinh tim quan ttpng cua he thdng thdng tin QLGD, gdp phin ntog cao hidu qui v i chit lupng cdng tic lip kd hoach, chi dao, thuc hien v i kiem tta, dinh gii boat ddng giip due tai co sd Kdt qui nghidn ciiu cua cic d i tii, du in, luin vin, luan in phan inh thuc trang boat Mghldn cdu - Yrao aSl ddng ciia he thdng thdng Un quin 1^ d CO sd: thu thip vi xii ly thdng tin, quin ly vi khai thic h$ thd'ng thdng tin QLGD, co chd bio eio, thu thip vi phin phdi thdng tin, iing dung cdng ngh$ thdng tin vi truydn thdng (CNTT &TT), Dua vio thuc tiin, cic nghidn ciiu niy di di xuit cic bi^n phip/giii phip hoin thien vi ning cao chit lupng boat dOng ciia he thdng thdng tin QLGD d cp sd Mic dO, cd sv khic biet d mdi co sd, nhung tuu chung ban chd ciia hd thdng thdng Un QLGD tai cic CO sd lien quan ddn: cin bd thdng tin QLGD thudng khdng dn djnh, ky ning tin hpc, ngoai ngu cdn ban chd; co sd vat chit, tang Un hpc chua ddng bd, chua phit huy hdt hieu qua sd dung vi khai thic; quy chd thu thip, xu ly, khai thic vi phin phdi thdng tin cdn nhiiu vudng mac, tham chi chdng cheo; h6 thdng bidu mlu thu thip thdng tin chua hoin chinh, bd sdt nhiiu thdng Un cin thidt; cac phan mim dupe trien khai chua hieu qui, chua dip ling yeu ciu ddng bp toin he thdng 2.3 Ung dung cdng nghi thdng tin cdc hi thdng thdng tin gido due Budc sang thd ky XXI, iing dung CNTT&TT ttong giio due dupe coi li budc ddt phi nham ning cao chit lupng, riit ngin khping cich giiu ngheo vi li cdng cu giiip cic nude dang phat tridn tidp cin nhanh chdng tdi cic thinh tuu giio due tien Udn ttdn tiie gidi CNTT&TT dupe ling dung rOng rii mpi mit ciia ddi sdng ndi chung vi giio dye ndi rieng nhu giing day, nghidn ciiu giio due vi cdng tic QLGD Trong bdi cinh KH&CN phit ttifo nhanh chdng nhu hi^n nay, cic nghiin ciru vi h$ thdng thdng tin QLGD cin dupe dinh hudng vio vide ip dung cdng ngh$ hi^n dai, tdi uu hda cic he thdng phuc vu niy Dd iing dung hieu qui CNTT&TT ttong cic he tiidng thdng tin QLGD cin phii nghien ciiu siu cic ydu td sau: - Ngudi lanh dao - Uen quan den chii truong vi quydt sich dautir.Nhieu nghidn ciiu vi thuc tiin di cho thiy, ydu td quydt djnh viec ung dung tiiinh cdng CNTT&TT vio hetiidngli ning luc, quydt tim vi Unh thin ttich nhiem cda linh dao; - Phan tich he thdng, gdm phin ti'ch siu boat dOng thdng Un ciia timg don vj/co quan thdng Un hoic c4a ci mang ludi cic CO quan thdng tin; Nghidn ciiu phin phdi thdng tin ttong mang hoic cic he thdngttaoddi thdng tin; - Du bio phit trien nhu ciu Un, ddng tin; - Co chd, chinh sich tiiu tiiip, xu ly vi phin phdi thdng Un; - Nhin luc dii ttinh chuyen mon vi cic ky ning tin hpc, ngoai ngir dl van hinh hieu qua he thd'ng thdng tin quan ly; - Cac CO sd dil lita chuydn mdn vi THONG TIN v d TU-UlU - 2/2012 Mghidn ciiu - Yrao ddi ich hpp Mdt sd hudng nghidn cdn dupe lua :hpn la iing dung CNTT quin 15? ;ac nhiem vii nghien ciiu khoa hpc d ; i c trudng d£ii hoc, vi6n nghien ciiu »iao due v i ttong cic he thdng thdng lin quin ly khac nhu: - Ung dung CNTT ttong xir ly thdng tin d i o tao tai trudng "Cin bd quin 1^ giio due v i dio t?o", l i Hpc vien QLGD: nghien ciiu loai hinh v i dac thd cua thdng tin dio tao nhu thdng tin vi chuong trinh, thdng Un giing day :ua giio vien, hpc tip cua sinh vidn v i tid so sinh vidn, Day l i co sd de xiy dung phin m i m quan ly thdng tin dio tao tten miy tinh, tao diiu kien thuin lpi cho cdng tic quan ly, tim kidm, luu tm va xii ly thdng tin v i dio tao; - Nghidn eihi khao sit mdt sd phin mim quan ly thdng tin- thu vien d Viet Vam hien nay, tu dd, neu nhung Udm manh v i ban chd cua cic phan n i m v i cac khuyen nghj: dd ung lung CNTT cdng can nghien ciiu cha nang ung dung thuc td, v i dam bao not sd diiu ki6n v i ttinh dd Un hpc ;ua cin bd, co sd ting, kinh phi cho iuy tu v i phit tridn hd thdng, He thdng chi sd giao due Cic chi sd giao due dupe dung dd nd t i hien ttang ciia hd thd'ng giio due / I n d i thidu cic chi sd giio due, chi khdng phii hpp dupe ttanh luin tai ihiiu nude v i cac nguydn nhin dupe leu gdm: giao due ludn phiic tap v i e ngiy cing phiic tap vdi nhu ciu cua HONG TIN vd n/UlU - 2/2012 ngudi hpc ting manh ttong ngin sich nhi nude cho giio due khdng du Khi lip kd hoach giio due, thudng chi cic sd lieu diu vio duoc quan tim, cdn qui ttinh day-hpc vi cic kdt qui diu bi bd qua hoic rit it duoc quan tam, bdi viy, tap nen sir khip khiing: ngudi hpc cii hpc, cd sd dip tap cu dio tap bit chip quy luit canh tranh cua thi ttudng kinh td v i xi hpi Vio cudi the ky XX, nhiiu nude dang phit tridn qui chii ttpng phit tridn quy md m i sap nhang chit lupng, din den chit lupng giio due bi xudng d p nghiem trpng d nhiiu cap bic hpc Viec xiy dung kd hoach giio due nhiiu mang tinh chu quan, khdng dua vio cic sd U6u thuc td 'Nien giim thdng ke giio due' dupe nhiiu nude xuat bin vdi nhiiu tieu chi, qui nhiiu thdng tin thd, giy khd Idian cho vide lip kd hoach v i hoach dinh chinh sich He thdng bio eio cac chi sd giio due cip qudc gia giOa cic CO quan khic cua Chinh p h i v i cic td chiic qudc td bi ciua cat v i khdng Uen tuc Dp tin ciy cua cic chi sd dupe bio eio vin dang l i vin di V i ly luin, thinh cdng cua nhOng d i tii nghidn eihi v i ndi dung niy li: dua dupe cic djnh nghia khic v i cic each hidu v i chi sd giio due giiip chpn quan niem thd'ng nhit v i chi sd giip due, khac phuc tinh ttang djnh ngliia Ididng nhit quin vdi chuin muc qudc td Ngay nhu mdt sd thuit ngO thdng ke thdng dung, ciing gdc Udng nude ngoii, nhung lai dupe goi in ciiu - Yrao ddi bing nhiiu thuit ngO Uidng Vi$t khic (ueu chi, chi sd, chi tidu), giy khd khin trao ddi thdng Un Cic dd tii nghien cthi vin d i niy da kd thda cic nghien ciiu cd trudc v i di siu vio vide lira chpn h$ thd'ng c i c chi sd giio due, xiy dung cic dinh nghia, phuong phip tinh, pham vi thu thip sd USu v i ngudn sd li$u cho mdi ichi sd giio due dupe lua chpn Vd thuc uin, cic nghidn ciru v i Unh vuc niy chu ttpng ddn xiy dung h$ thdng chi sd cho lip kd hoach v i giim sit cic boat ddng ciia giio due phd thdng, he thdng chi sd ttong quin 1^ giio due Viet Nam, cic chi sd vd phit trien giio due dai hpc, he thdng chi sd CO bin cua giio due Vi6t Nam, Trong qui trinh nghidn ciiu, mdt sd he thdng chi SP giip due qudc td thudng dup'c su dung nhu: Cac chi sd giio UNESCO sir dung due dupe - Cic chi sd giip due dupe WB su dung - Cic chi sd giip due dupe UNDP sft dung - 16 chi sd vi chit lupng giio due nhi trudng cfla EU - Cic chi sd giao due dupe OECD su dung - Cic chi sd so sinh giao due giua cic nude G8 - Tdng hpp cic chi sd thudng dupe sii dung ttong cic bio eio phto tich giio due ciia cic td chiic qud'c td Mdt sd dinh hwi'ng nghiSn cihi v i thdng tin gido difc thd ky XXI Nghien cihi vd thdng tin khoa hpc giio due d i dupe ghi nhin l i cin thidt bdi cinh toin ciu hda vi hoi nhip hi$n nay, nhien, cic nghien cihi 1^ luin v i thuc tiin cdn rdi rac, chua h$ thdng v i chua tpin di?n Cdng tic nghien ciiu chua dupe quan tim thda ding v i cin dupe diy manh ttong thdi gian tdi, die biet tai cic trudng dai hpc, vi$n nghien cuu giio due - noi sin sinh v i phd bidn tri thiic vi khoa hpc giio due Nghien ciiu v i iing dung CNTT&TT trpng cic he thdng thdng tin giio due thdi gian qua chii ttpng nhiiu ddn diu tu CO sd ting, xiy dung phin mim nhim thu thip, luu trO v i xu 1^ tii6ng tin Vice phin phdi thdng tin den diing dia chi sii dung chua dupe quan tim diing miic Hien nay, viec ling dung kj* thuit hipn dai ttong cic he tiidng thdng tin quin 1^ hudng tdi luu trO, xii ly, die bi?t li phd bidn thdng tin - gdm cic ling dyng Udn ich ttpng khai thic vi phd bidn thdng Un khoa hpc thdng qua mang Intemet Cac ky ning mem, ttong dd cd ky ning thu thip v i xii ly thdng tin, dio tao ngudi sit dung vi quin If ttong c i c h6 thdng thdng tin giio due duoc d i cap nhiiu Thuc td cho thi'y, diu tu v i o ting dung CNTT&TT cic h6 thdng quan 1^ se khd thinh cdng ndu vi$c diu tu mang tinh chfi quan, khdng dua ttSn THONG TIN va TUUfU - 2/2012 in cdu - Frao ddi cac nghien cdn thuc te (Di i n 112 d Viet Nam l i mpt vi du) 2) Ung dung CNTT&TT ttong tich IQy v i phd bidn tiidng tin KHGD Cac nghien ciiu v i chi sd giio due nen duoc tidn hinh thudng xuydn dd bat kjp vdi xu thd phat trien giio due ttong v i ngoii nude, die bi6t tinh hinh ky thuit, kinh td v i x i hdi thay ddi nhanh chdng nhu hien Nhiiu chi so giio due trudc day ed thd khdng cdn p h i hpp hoic khdng cin thidt, nhiiu chi sd mdi cin dupe bd sung, nhiiu thuit ngu ttong cie chi sd cin dui^c lim sing td, 3) Nhu ciu v i tim ly ngudi diing tin KHGD Mdt sd hudng nghien ciiu v i thdng tin giio due dupe d i xuat ttong thdi gian tdi l i : 1) Gii tti ciia tiidng Un KHGD ttong nghidn ciiu KHGD, hoach dinh chinh sich va chidn lup'c giio due 4) Phit trien mang thdng tin nghidn ciiu giio due nude v i the gidi 5) Da dang hda v i ning cao chit lupng cic dich vu phd bidn thdng Un KHGD 6) Vin de bin quyin, sd hda tii lieu v i hpc lieu md 7) Ky ning thu thip v i xi If thdng tin giio due 8) He thdng chi sd giim sit, dinh gii chat lupng giio due ttong xu thd phit ttien giio due thd ky XXI 9) Chi sd giao due v i van di chuan hda ttong GDDT Tai lidu tham khao Nguyin Huy Chuong, Nguyin Tien HDng Hpc ll$u md va djnh hudng phit trien tai nguyen sd t?l Tmng t i m Thdng tin - Thu vl$n, D^l hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi B i i trinh bay t^o hdi thio T i n g cudng c i c s i n phim va djch vg thong tin, thu vl^n phuc VM phdt tridn va hpi nhip" Tmng t i m Thdng tin, Tu lieu Qudc gia Ha Npi thing 10/2010 Nguyin HDu HOng (2005) Thdng tin td ly luan td* thgc tlln NXB V i n hda Thdng tin Hi Ndi Vuong Thanh Huong v i nhdm dd tai Ling dung cdng ngh$ thdng tin quin ly c i c nhi#m VM nghidn ciiu khoa hpc va cdng ngh$ c i c trudng d?ii hpc Bd t i l NCKH c i p Bd - B2002-52-26, Vl^n KHGDVN THONG TIN va TU'U^U - 2/2012 Vuong Thanh Huong va nhdm de tai Xay dung he thdng chi sd cho lap ke hoach va theo ddi vi'ec thuc hien cua giio dgc phd thdng Be t i i NCKH c i p Bd - B99-52-39, Vl$n Phat trien Giao dgc Pham Quang Sang va nhdm dd t i l Xay dung he thdng chi sd co b i n cua giio due Vl$t Nam Bd t i l NCKH cap Bp - B200S-80-12 Vlgn KHGDVN X i y dgng ngudn thdng tin didn tir phgo vg nghiin cuu giio dgc ciia Vien KHGDVN glal do^n hi$n Nhl0m vg nghien ciiu c i nhin 2010, Tmng tam TT-TV, Vl^n KHGDVN ... ung nhu cau ngudi diing tin khic nhau, phan inh dupe cic boat ddng thdng tin KHGD vi dinh gii duo''c hieu qui boat ddng cua cic he thdng thdng tin niy, Hoat ddng thdng tin KHGD thudng dupe danh... xiy dung tiim luc thdng tin khoa hpc, kho tu li?u, cic CSDL, cic sin phim vi djch vu thdng tin, Vi$t Nam, tdc dp phit tridn cic h6 thdng thdng tin, cic trung tim thdng tin tu lieu, die biSt h$... quan thdngtingiao due cdn md nhat dan ddn chim ttS, thidu hut trpng chuyen giao, phd bien vi tidp nhin thdng tin He thdng thdng tin quan ly giao diic 2.1 Nghiin ciiu vi hi thdng thdng tin QLGD