SK PHAM Kl THUJiT VlEl NAM THEO DINH HUONG TfCH HDP GOlO O PGS TS NGUYEN V A N KHCI" C6c ca %d ddo igo (DT) gl6o vidn, c6c trudng su phgm dang phdl dd''''l m$t v61 nhidu ihdch thue, mdu ihuSn Mdu thufin[.]
SK PHAM Kl THUJiT VlEl NAM THEO DINH HUONG TfCH HDP GOlO O C 6c ca %d ddo igo (DT) gl6o vidn, c6c trudng su phgm dang phdl dd'l m$t v61 nhidu ihdch thue, mdu ihuSn: Mdu thufin glOa trinh d$ d6u vdo (dl^m hjy^n sinh h6ng ndm} n g d / m$t ihtfp so vdl / u cdu d6u vd dp li/c nghd nghlip cOo xd h$l vdl nghd gido vl6n; mdu thudn glQc / u cdu, n$l dung cua khoa hgc gido di/c hl$n dgl vdl kl^u tu tddt\ bl^l cdc phuang thue, chifong Mnh vd gido trinh DT hl^n nay; s6 ca sd gido dvc DT gido vlgn khdng thl^u so vdl nhu cau (1), nhung chd't lugng DT vd svphu hgp vd CO c^u d$l ngu gido vign so vdl thi/c td cdn duoc xem xet Bd GD-DT dd ban hdnh Chuong trinh Phdt triin ngdnh su pham vd cdc trudng su phgm h> ndm 2011-2020 [2), h-ong dd dd dn thd hi0n khd ddy du vd rd quydt tdm cOa Ngdnh h-ong thi/c hi|n chu h-uong d^l mdl cdn bdn vd h}dn dl$n gido di^c Vl^t Nam Bdl vidt tgp trung vdo nghlgn cuu, d^l mdl hoy phdt trldn chuong h'inh ddo hpo (CTDT) dgl hgc (DH) khd'l ngdnh su phgm kTthudt (SPKT) d nude ta hi$n Gy sd If ludn vd tni/c nSn cOa vi$c phdt h-l^n CTDT DH theo dinh hudng tfch hc, bj thua 16; + Tung thf trudng (thdm nhgp): Lugng tidu thv ^^^P' 9l ddc dldm vd vdng ddi sdn phdm hay chu ki sdng cOo sdn phdm, CDIO dd md td cdc ndng Ivc cuo ngudi kr su qua nhOng vl^c phdl Idm (xem hinh 1) Trong dd: Ndng li/c hinh thdnh f tudng (C), g d m : + St} m$nh: tO hidu tiinh Cdc ndng ^c C D, I, O bld't vd bd'l cdnh eua KT, SV t^t nghlip phdl hinh thdnh y hidng vd: chldn luge kinh doanh, chldn luge KT, nhu cdu khdch hdng, myc hdu, ddl thu cgnh horJi, k^ hogch chuong trinh, ke' hogch kinh doanh; + Y tudng thiit ki: ydu cdo, chuc ndng, y tudng, edng ngh$, c6u trOc, so dd mdt bdng, c^nh vj ihj h'udng, lu cdc danh sdch KN dd duge bld't ddn vd xem xet Igl bdi cdc chuydn gla n h l l u Irnh vi/c Gid tri ehu yeu eua dd cuong CDIO Id ung dyng duge vdo nhldu CTDT khdc nhou, duge xem Id md hinh cho td't ed ede chuong trinh nhdm rut nhung CDR cv the ndo dd vd duge phe chud'n bdt cdc bSn lidn quon d l l m (tridt li), quy h'inh phdt h'idn Q O T , n$l dung DT (vdl sy thorn gla cua cde ben lidn quan) md cd nhQng vd'n d l co sd su phgm (hgc tgp vd gidng dgy): + Trilt li chuong h'inh (hdu ehudn 1); + Phdt h-ldn a D T [tidu chudn 2, , ) ; + Kinh nghldm vd khdng glan hgc tdp d l thilt k l - t r l l n khai (heu chud'n 5, d); + Cdc phuong phdp dgy hge (Kdu chud'n 7, 8); + Phdt trlen gidng vlSn (Hdu chudn 9, 10); + Ddnh gid vd kllm dinh (tidu ehudn 1 , 12) M$t h'ong nhung sdn phdm cOa tidu chudn CDIO Id CTDT, mang ddy du cdc ddc h'ung cOo chuong trinh gido dye hldn dgl: tdp trung vdo ndng lyc; chucmg trinh mang tinh h^ thdng, chlnh t h l vd thdng nhd't; tdp h^jng vdo hogt ddng hge; ehuong hrinh mang h'nh «md", cho phep phdt h'idn, bd sung cho phu hgp vdl bdl cdnh, ydu cdu mdl So sdnh vdl mdt so Hdu chudn thdng dyng, nhu: tliu chudn AUN (Mgng ludl cdc hvdng DH khu vyc E)dng Nam A), tliu chudn ABET[H^l ddng Kldm djnh KT vd Cdng nghd cua MT), cho th^y: tidu chudn CDIO todn dl^n hon vd cd hal uu d l l m ridng Id: cd edu true hgp If han, thihi$n rd hon bdi ednh eua si/ thay ddl vd ed nhiiu ed'p d^ hon tdi ll$u ABET (trong dd dd «dinh nghTa nhung mi/c tiiu cd thi ludng duoc") (5) De cuong ndy ehla CDR thdnh bdn cd'p d d cv the: I) Kien ihuc vd phuang phdp suy ludn; c) Ban ehdt cua tlip can CDIO Phdn tfeh ndl 2} Cac KN nghe nghiep, KN vd thdi dd ed nhdn; dung cOa tldp cdn CDIO cho thd'y: + Bd'l cdnh KT, 3) Cde KN giao hep (Idm vlec theo nhdm, truyen cdng nghe hldn dgl (hoy ydu cdu cOa xd hdl) Id thdng); 4) Hinh thdnh nhgn thue, thldt k l , t r l l n CO sd, h-lIt li cuo phdt trlen CTDT; CDR Id hjydn khai, vdn hdnh boi cdnh cua doonh nghidp ngdn v l su mgng vd tdm nhin cuo trudng DH dd'l vd xd hgi O cd'p 4, CDR duge md td bdl 71 vdl DT SV; + Tiep can CDIO Id t l l p cdn ddu ra, ndl dung (tuong ung vdi 71 KN ey thd), dd t l l p cdn ndng luc [ndng lue thi/e hlin theo cdch cd 22 KN thudc iTnh vuc chuydn mdn KT vdi nhung ndi cua nhieu nhd gido dye Vidt Nam) Trong chi ddn khd tudng minh, Idm co sd cho vide lya dd, eho h-gng cd KN cung vd KN mem; ndn tldp ehgn de xdy dung CDR cho cdc ngdnh DT ey the cdn CDIO vua the hldn h i p cdn myc Heu (hep Tu cdc CDR ndy, chung ta phdi xdy dyng mdt cdn ddu ro) vua the hldn Hep cdn phdt h'lin ddl chuong trinh hgc Kch hgp de bdo ddm dgt duge vdl DT SV; + O D T theo tiep cdn CDIO Id chuong cdc chudn d d neu Mdt chuang trinh hgc tieh hgp h-inh mang Knh tich hgp, chO y thich ddng dd'n gdm nhleu mdn hgc lidn hd vdi chdt chd dd Irnh vyc su phgm (hgc tdp frdi nghldm, mdl hvdng cung cd'p tri thue, K N , thdi dd theo h>ng mue d g hgc tdp); -f Ld tiep cdn the hlen rd rdng trilt If khdc (cdu true chuong trinh); theo thu h/ nhdt gido dye hudng vdo ngudi hgc, gdn vdl cudc dinh vd h>ng mdn chuol thu h/ duge xdc song thyc, cd y nghTa xd hdl djnh h> cde CDR cyc b d , de cud'l cung dgt duac CDR todn cyc cua cd chuong trinh dd ndu Tliu chudn CDIO xac djnh cdc tinh chdt ddc trung ci5a mdt CTDT, ddng vai h'd hudng d5n vide cdl cdch, eung Id cdc tidu chudn dOng di kldm dinh, ddnh gid chuong trinh vd chd't lugng DT 12 Hdu chu^n CDIO d^ edp d i n ddy dO, todn dldn ede tidu ehf cuo CTDT Kf, khdng chT vd quon Dd cung ehinh Id cdc uu t h l cua t l l p cdn CDIO h-ong phdt trldn O D T bde DH 2) Ca sd tht/c tiin GJud Wnh hinh thdnh vd phdt h'lin ci3a Hip cdn CDIO bdt ddu Kr bdn h'udng DH, hgc vidn, den dd cd hon 50 hvdng dgl hgc thdnh vidn h-en khdp t h l gldl (cd hon 70 CTDT) tham gla, gdm nhleu ngdnh KT, cung nhu cde ngdnh khdng thuge Ifnh vuc KT Tap chifilaodue so Od a - n/aoia) Ddnh gid chung vd iTnh vyc nghldn cuu phdt tridn chucmg trtnh gido dye Vl^t Nam, theo GS.TS NguySn L^c (6) • Chuong trinh td qud ch$m ddl mdl d l bdt k|p vdl sy thoy dd'l cua mdl trudng xd hdl vd gido dye; • Gido vidn phdl tham gla vdo phdt trldn chuong trinh, chu khdng chi Id ngudi chuyin tdl cdc ndl dung cua chuong trinh; - Chucmg trinh phdl phdn dnh duge nhu cdu dja phuemg, thu hut hgc sinh cung nhu nhOng ngudi khdc vdo qud trinh phdt trldn chuong trinh Trudc ndm 2010, cdc trudng DH KT (DH Bdch khoa Hd Ndl, DH Bdch khoa TP Hd Chi Mlnh) chu y i u phdt h-lln Q D T theo tidu chudn ABET Hdl thdo khoa hgc qudc liv4 CD/0(DHQG TP Hd Chi Mlnh, - / / v d t h d n g / 2 ) , nhldu k i t qud nghidn cuu, thu nghldm qudc t l vd nude dd duoc ehla sd vd thdo ludn Hldn noy, D H Q G TP Hd Chi Mlnh vd DHQG Hd Ndl dd vd dong h l l n khol tht diem cdch hdp cdn ndy h-ong phdt h l l n chuong h'inh cua mdt sd ngdnh DT tCT (Co khf, Cdng nghd thdng hn) vd phi Kf (ngdnh Kinh t i d d l ngogi ciia DH Kinh t l , DHQG Hd Ndi) Hl^n noy, d Vi^t Nam, vide h l l n khol vdn dyng Hd'p can CDIO phdt trldn chucmg trinh gido dye mdl chi Id glol dogn thdm d d , thu nghldm budc ddu Q u y t r i n h p h d t t r i e n CTDT DH khd'l ngdnh SPKT theo djnh hudng tfch h g p CDIO Ve tdng thd, quy hinh phdt h-lln CTDT DH khd'l ngdnh SPKT theo djnh hudng tich hop CDIO ed the gdm cdc bude: 1) Phdt tridn CDR theo djnh hudng tich hop CDIO; 2) Phdt hldn chuong Wnh khung theo djnh hudng tich h m CDIO; 3) Phdt trien dd cuong mdn hgc iheo dinh hudng tich hgp CDIO Mol budc trdn h w n g ung vdl tung cdp d d khdc nhou (vd td chuc thyc hien): h-udng DH, khoo/ngdnh DT, gidng vidn (xem so dS f) Ket qud thu duge Id b$ chudn kldn thirc, KN cua CTDT ngdnh SPKT theo djnh hudng tich hgp CDIO; duge phdn dnh h-ong chuong trinh chi t i l t hoy E)4 cuong cde mdn hgc h'ong chuong trinh cuo cdc ngdnh DT M d t s ^ bidn p h d p g d p p h d n e h u y i n g l a o K^p cdn CDIO cho cdc h v d n g DH k h ^ l ngdnh SPKT nude to hl$n noy 1) Bl$n phdp v l n n ^ n thi/e: - Khoo (ngdnh DT) thdnh lgp nhdm nghldn cuu ve ngl dung vd y nghTa cuo edeh h i p cdn ndy, xdc djnh CDR vd ede budc phdt h'idn chuong Wnh theo cdch Hdp cdn CDK); - Nhdm nghldn ci>u thdo ludn vd thdng ^ Chuin nflng Ivc CDIO Chuin d i u rs hl$n cd cua chuang Irlnh I i Chuin nghi nghlip gido vt6n; chuin d«nh gl« chuong Wnh 1} Phil (rt*i chiJn diu theo anh ht/dng llch hpp CCTOr NAng li/c Chuy«n mbn (kitin thiyc KN I h i i d ^ v i chuyAn m&n): • NAng li/c au pham (kiin thu'c, KN, thAr Ott v i gUio dvc vA doy hQC), - CAc y i u l5 nflng Vc khAc (KN ciing KN mim, ) 2) Phil trt4f} chumg hudng Itch hi?p CDIO Irlnh Ithung iheo ajnh 3) Phil triin Oi cuong mdn hqc theo tJjrth hudng llch h^ CDIO SodSl Quy trinh phdt triin CTDT theo djnh hudng tfch hgp CDIO nhdt vdl H$l ddng khoo hgc vd DT cua Khoo v l CDR vd cdc budc phdt W i n chucmg Wnh theo cdch t l l p cdn CDIO; - Nhdm nghldn cuu td chuc hdl thdo phd bidn, tgp hu^n cho gidng vidn, ddl h/gng lidn quan vd cdc ndl dung hdn vd phdn cdng thyc hl0n 2) Cdc bl^n phdp v l td chdc tht/c hl$n: Trdn co sd phdn tich, ddl c h l l u vdl myc Hdu mdn hgc hidn hdnh, gidng vidn d y kldn h'ch hgp CDR vdo d l cucmg mdn hgc minh phy frdch; - Hdl ddng khoo hgc vd DT ddnh gid n ^ l ^ m thu bdng d y klen tich hop CDR vdo d l cuong mdn hgc; - Gidng vidn xdy dyng Igi dd cuong mdn hgc tich h^p CDR dy kldn dd duge phd d u y ^ vdo dd cuong mdn hgc; - Hgl ddng khoo hgc vd OT ddnh g i d , phe duy^t dd cuong mdn hgc Tdm tgl, Hch hgp CDR theo cdch Hip cdn CDIO - mang tinh tdng qudt hdo cao vd cd thd dp dyng cho CTDT cuo nhleu ngdnh hoy hhh vyc khdc T l l p cdn CDIO duge khdl ngudn h> phdtfrlln (cdl cdch) cdc CTDT v l KT vd dd duge cdc ca sd gido dye DH dp dyng frong CTDT cdc khdl ngdnh khdc Dldm then ehdt euo CDIO Id d l cuong CDIO, mdt hjydn bo v l CDR eua chucmg trinh vd b d 12 Hdu chudn C D p , du^c i h l l t k l d l glOp dgt cdc myc tieu d d V i f c vdn dyng tidp edn CDIO phdt h'lin CTDT DH khd'l ngdnh SPKT d nude ta cd tac dyng kdp: - T l l p cdn CDIO hY)ng phdt frldn chuong (Xem tlip trang 43) Tap chi filio Juc s6 (to a - n/a>iw ehue TH trfin Idp, ddng thdi ddnh gid hieu qud dyo vdo sdn pham trinh bdy tren Idp - Hudng dan SV su dt/ng ede phuong tlin hge tip TH vdi^sdch gido trinh, tdl llfiu tham khdo sfi glOp SV tiep can nguon k i l n thue khoa hqc eo bdn, phong phu, sdu rdng Cdc phuong tifin hlfin dqi (nhu mdy vl tinh, USB, CD, Internet, phdn m i m vd cdc t h i l t bj dign tu khdc) glup SV hqc tdp dqt hlfiu qud cao Dd Id cdc phuong tl§n glOp SV thu thdp, luu tru tu lifiu, trinh bdy vdn b^n, trinh c h l l u thdng tin, hlnh dnh rd't da d q n g , vdl nguon tu llfiu phong pho, d d so GV hudng dan SV su dyng gido trinh, gido Idioa, tdl llfiu thom khdo vd d y a theo hudng dSn yfiu cdu cuo mdn hqc md ehqn Iqc k i l n thue co bdn, tdm t6t, Hm vi dy mlnh hqa, tu ll^u, cdu hdl d l chud'n bj ndl dung cho bdl hqc trfin Idp SV si> dyng cdc phuong tffin dl§n ti}, cdc chuong trinh phdn m i m DH d l khol thdc, x u If cdc k i l n thue GV hudng ddn SV kT thudt khoi thdc thdng tin trfin Internet, su dyng trinh c h i l u PowerpoInt, cdc phdn m i m khde d l phd'l hqp trinh d l l n ndl dung bdl hqc TH Id mdt hoqt ddng ty gidc, ty ldp eua SV Nhung d l SV ty gidc, ty lap hqe tdp duqc cdn cd sy djnh hudng, chi dan cuo GV, d l TH trd thdnh mqt thdi quen, nhu cdu cua SV Sy th£^ng nhdt Phat trlen cliiitmg trinli dao tao (Tlip theo trang 34) trinh giup djnh hudng DT cdc ndng tye cdt loi eho ngudi hqc; glup ngudi hqc ehO ddng vd thfch i/ng vdl bdi cdnh thay ddl cua KT - edng nghe; glup djnh huong DT cdc ndng tye cd't Idi cho gidng vifin vlec hlnh thdnh y tudng, thiet ke, trlen khai vd vdn hdnh cdc CTDT h'ch hqp Gidng vlfin bd mdn Id ngudi trye hep dung Idp vol cdc nhlem vy cy t h l Id: thiet k l , td* chuc, d l l u k h i l n , h-qng tdi, ddnh gid todn bd cdc bdi hqc, mdn hqc theo ke hoqch dqy hqc cua nhd trudng Do d d , gidng vien cd vol trd hdng ddu ddi vdl chd't luqng vd hifiu qud t r l l n khai cdch tllp edn ndy • {1)B0 GD-DT Kiy/u Hdi nghf todn qudc cdc tnidng suphpm Hk NOi, 27/8/2011 (2) Bo GD-DT Chuong trinh Phdt triin ngdnh suphgm vd cdc trudng su ph^mtitndm2011-2020, H 2011 Imp chi BlAo due so (ki a - n/aoia) td' chuc, chi dqo DH cua GV Id y i u to quan trqng glup thyc hlfin cdc bifin phdp bdl dudng ndng lyc TH cho SV Hon nua, edn khol dqy SV tinh thdn, y thue TH; hleu rd sy cdn thiit vd ich Iql ciJo TH s i gdp phdn ndng cao k i t qud hqc tdp bdn thdn vd chdt luqng ddo tqo cuo nhd trudng Tdl H^u tham ktido TrirOTig Th| Bich "Do'i mdi phucrng plifip d^y hgc trudng Jgi hpc - M^t yffu lO' quan tri?ng g6p phdn vio dSt mdi cfln bin vk toSn iJif n nfin giSo dye Vift Nam" T^p chi Dpy vd hpc ngdy Stf 5/2012 Dinjng Huy Cdn "Bdi duOng nSng li;c ty hpc cho smh vifin nginh su ph^m Hda hpc Tnidng D^i hpc Ddng ThSp" (Di tdi khoa hpc vd cdng nghfi cdp ca s&}.20]l D6 Qui "Giing day cfla giing vifin vk ty hpc cua sinh vifin dko I90 iheo h$ thtfng tfn chi" T^p chi Dpy vd hpc ngdy Stf 5/2012 SUIvlMARY Teaching Institutions implement the interaction tDGlween teocNng and learning, between faculty ond students Is a unified operation, dialectical bring practical results for both teaching and learning Teachers not only Impart knowledge but also organizational learning, self-study to students occupy their knowledge, skills and confidence In learning This article comes from the learning status of students Implementation of measures to foster student self-learning capability (3) Bo GD-DT Chuong trinh khung gido diic dpi hpc, ngdnh su ptufm id thudt cdng nghlip, trinh d0 dpi hpc, H 2006 (4) BO GD-DT Quy dinh vi tiiu chudn ddnh gid chdt lupng chuang trinh gido di^c su phpm kt thudt cdng nghifip trinh di? dpi hpc, H 2011 (5) H6 Tin Nh9t - Dokn Ttij Minti Trinh (djch) C&\ c^ch v& xfiy dung chmmg trinh DT kl thu^t theo phutmg ph^p tifp can CDIO NXB Dpi hpc qudc gia TP.HS Chf Minh 2010 (6) BO GD-DT Kiyiu Hdi thdo khoa hpc todn qudc "Khoa hpc gido dftc Viit Nam ddi mdi vd phdt triin " Hii Phdng, 2/2011 SUMMARY On ths ground of unifying Involving concepts and analyzing the theoretic and practical basis of developing higher education programs oriented by the CDIO Integrated approach, the article proposes the process to develop programs for technical teacher training at university level oriented by the CDIO integrated approach The proposals are to ensure the ef^ctlveness of this process at training IrKtitutions ... SPKT theo djnh hudng tfch h g p CDIO Ve tdng thd, quy hinh phdt h-lln CTDT DH khd''l ngdnh SPKT theo djnh hudng tich hop CDIO ed the gdm cdc bude: 1) Phdt tridn CDR theo djnh hudng tich hop CDIO; ... chumg hudng Itch hi?p CDIO Irlnh Ithung iheo ajnh 3) Phil triin Oi cuong mdn hqc theo tJjrth hudng llch h^ CDIO SodSl Quy trinh phdt triin CTDT theo djnh hudng tfch hgp CDIO nhdt vdl H$l ddng... djnh hudng tich hop CDIO; 2) Phdt hldn chuong Wnh khung theo djnh hudng tich h m CDIO; 3) Phdt trien dd cuong mdn hgc iheo dinh hudng tich hgp CDIO Mol budc trdn h w n g ung vdl tung cdp d d khdc