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PHAT TRIEN CHUONG TRINH DAO TAO NGANH Gil NHAN SIT PHAM VAT Ll THEO HirONGTIEP CAN CDIO QfTRUIINGDAIHOCVINH TS NGUYEN THI N H r Ngdy nhan bdi 04/04/2016; ngdy siia chUa 06/04/2016; ngdy duyet ddng 06/[.]
PHAT TRIEN CHUONG TRINH DAO TAO NGANH Gil NHAN SIT PHAM VAT Ll THEO HirONGTIEP CAN CDIO QfTRUIINGDAIHOCVINH TS N G U Y E N THI N H r Ngdy nhan bdi: 04/04/2016; ngdy siia chUa: 06/04/2016; ngdy duyet ddng: 06/04/2016 Abstract: Developing the curriculum at uniuersities to meet the requirements of society is an important trend in Vietnam luhen many bachelors cannot get jobs This curriculum requires teaching activity and assessments must be consistent and meet the graduation requirements Developing the teacher training program towards ttie approach to CDIO (Conceive - Design - Implement - Operate) aims to help students develop the necessary capacity which society requires in order to be able to gel a job and develop self-learning capacity after graduating In this article author focuses on the Developing the curriculum for bachelors of physics pedagogy towards CDIO approach Keywords: education program; Conceive - Design - Implement - Operate LDatvande Phat trien Chuang trinh dao tao (CTBT) dap img yeu cau xa hpi dang la xu the pliat trien quan trpng tren the gitS va dac biet vcfi Viet Nam ma ttiuc te nhieu nguoi tot nghiep chua tim duoc viec lam hoac CO viec lam nhung phai dao tao lai Phat trien CTOT dap img yeu cau xa hpi duoc hieu la viec thiet Ite vathuc hien npi dung chuang trinh, cac hoatdgng^ giang day, hpc tap vadanh gia nhatquan vcrinhau de dotted ktiung nang luc dau can c6, dapiing yeu cau xahoi Phattrien CTDT dap ung yeu cau xa hpi chu yeu dua tren cac dac trung cua xu the GD-BT dua vao chuan dau Viec phat ttien CTDT noi chung, CTDT giac vien noi rieng theo hucmg phattrien cac nang luc can thiet maxa hpi doi hoi ngudi hoc can co de CO the kiem dupc viec lam va tu phat trien nhan each cua minh sau tot nghiep Trong bai viet chungtoichitaptrungvaoviec phattrien CTBT nganh C)}nhan su pham vat li theo hudng tiep can CDIO (Conceive - Design - Implement -Operate) CDIO va phat trien CTDT dai hpc theo huong tiep can CDIO Theo Luat Giao due, chuong trinh giao due dai hoc thehien muc tieu giao due dai hpc, quy djnh chuan ki§'nthuc,"kTnang, pham vivacautnjc noidung giao due dai hpc, phuong phap va hinh thiic to chuc hoat d6ng giao due, each tiuc danh ^la ket quagiao due doi vdi cae mori hpc, nganh, nghe, trinh dp dao tao eua giao due dai hpc; dam bao lien thong vdi cac chuong trinh giao due khac (ki 2-5/2016) CDIO la mpt giai phap nang cao cha't Iupng dao tao dap img yeu cau xa hpi, tren co sdxac djnh chuan dau ra, xay dung chuong trinh va ke hoach dao tao; nghTa lahinhttianhytuong.thietkeytuong,thuc hien va van hanh, dupc vien cong nghe MIT (Hoa Ki) phat trien tur dau ttiap nien 90 ciia the ki tn/dc CDIO la y tudng cua cac trudng dao tao, vien khoi klthuatthupc Hoa Kiva Thuy Di&'n vao dau nhQng nam 90 cua the kl trudc vdi muc tieu dao tao sinh vien sau trudng CO day du kien thdc, kTnang nhukTnang giao tiep, ki nang ca nhan va tiep can vdi thj trudng lao dpng, dap ung nhu cau eua doanh nghiep Tiep carl CDIO thuc chat la each tiep can dao tao theo nhu cau xa hpi gop phan nJt ng^n khoang each giiia nhatn/dngvanhasudung nguon nhan luc, thong qua dieu tra khao sat de xay dun^ muc ti&uvanpi dung dao tao Tiep can CDIO nh^m ttiuc hien giao due dai hpc theo nang luc gom cae"kinang cun^'y/^ "kTnang mem" cho ngudi hpc, lam cho ngudi hpc cd tiem nang phattrien, nhanh chdng thich img vdi moi trudng lam viec luon thay doi Tiep can CDIO la each tiep can phattrien, mang lai eho khoa hoe phattrien ehUPng trinh mpt budc phattrien mdi, gan phattrien chuong trinh vdi phucfngphap chuyen taiva danh gia hieu qua giao due dai hpc Gdp phan nang cao chat Iupng due dai hpc len mottam cao rndi CDIO khong chi la each tiep can thiet ke, phattrien eac CTDT mpt each khoa hpc, hien dai, dudi gdc dp li luan day hpc, CDIO cdn gcriyvempt quy trinh "edng ngheday hpc" *Tnf0ng Oai hoc Vinh Tap chi Giao due so 382 59 Trong dd ngucfi day van ttie hien dupe su sang tao tuan thu quy trinh; de xuat y tudng day hpc (C); sang tao, ttiiet ke'cac hinh thuc to chdc day hpe (D); sang tao trien khai day hoe (I) va van hanh dupe hethong eac yeu to eua qua trinh day hoc (0) •Tiep can CDIO da dupe tren 25 quoc gia vdi hon 50 trudng dai hpc tufkhip eac chau lyc tren the gidi ung dung Tai Viet nam, viec ap dung C D10 da dupc bat dau tu nam hoc 2009-2010 tai mpt so don vi vien cua Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi va Bai hpe Quoc giaTP.HoChiMinh Phattrien CTDT theo hudng tiep can CDIO thue chat la thiet ke lai CTDT ttieo quy trinh nhat dinh can cdvao ehuan dau dettiiet ke, lua ehpn dau vao, xay dung khung chuong trinh va ke hoach dao tao mpt each chitiet, hoan thien vacd hieu qua cao nhat Viec xay dung ehuan dau tiieo mo Iiinh cua CDIO dua tren viee khao sat, nghien cdu rat kTyeu cau cua thi trudng hien taiva nghien cuu xu the phat trien tuong lai Chuan dau dupc the hien d khoi kien tiiirc, kTnang chinh bao gom: 1) Kien thuc ehuyen nganh; 2) KT nang, ttiai dp ca nhan va nghe nghiep; 3) KT nang giao tiep va thai Ung xu; 4) Nang luc hinh y tudng, tiiiet key tuong, thue hien va van hanh boi eanh xa hpi va doanh nghiep Be giai quyet nhflng van de do, mohlnhCDIO da decap den 12 tieu chuan phan anh toan dien gua trinh dao tao va quan li chat Iupng dao tao: 1) Boi canh; 2) Chuan dau ra; 3) CTBT tich hap; 4) Gidi thieu ve kTthuat; 5) Cae trai nghiem thiet ke-trien khai; 6) Khdng gian hoc tap CDIO; 7) Cac trai nghiem hpc tap tich hop; 8) Hpc chu dpng; 9) Nang cao nang luc giang vien ve kTnang CDIO; 10) Nang cao nang luc giang vien ve kTnang giang day; 1 ) D ^ h gia hpc t i p cua sinh vien; 12)Banh gia chuong trinh CDIO Phat trien CTDT nganh cu nhan su pham vat li theo huong tiep can CDIO d Trudng Dal hpc Vinh Khi xem xet ban chat cua each tiep can CDIO de xay dun^ CTDT bac dai hoc, dd la qua trinh thiet lap chuan dau cho san pham dao tao Cae chuan dau riay bao gom cac kien thuc, kT nang, nang luc can thiet Khi xem xet chuan nghe nghiep giao vien bae tmng hpc ndi chung dupc Bo GD-DT ban hanh ta thai/dd cung chinh la chuan dau toittiieudd'i vdi san phamdao tao giao vien bae tmng hpc Tddd ta khSng dinh r^ng,cdtheap dung each tiep can CDIO dephat trien CTDT giao vien d cac cO sd dao tao dai hpc Thuc hien phat trien CTDT eu nhan su pham npanh Vat li theo hudng tiep can CDIO, chiing tdi da tien hanh theo quy trinh sau: Bu&c Khao sat, danh gia thuc tien xa hgi hiin tai, tuang lai, djnh huong, chien luge phat trien, chuong trinh giao dtjc phothdng hien hanh va sap tm Phattrien chuong trinh theo hudng tiep can CDIO ddi hoi quatrinh dieu tra, phan tieh va xuli cac thdng tin tunhieu phia.trong dd can phai xac dinh dupc nhu cau xa hpi, yeu cau cP ban cua chuong trinh - sach giao khoa mdi; hinh nang luc cho hpe sinh, chuong trinh tich hpp, tang cac hoatdpng, , Ngoai eung can phan tich danh gia thuc trang ve chuong trinh giao due thong hien tai ve uu diem, han che, nguyen nhan Ben eanh can nhan manh den nhu cau thuc te cua eac ngudisudung lao dpng tren cosddi/bao nhdng thay doi vayeu cau mcri Buoc Mo ta chan dung cua sinh vien sau toi nghiep chuong trinh (pham chat, nang luc, cua ngudi hpe sau khitot nghiep) Bude ta edn gpi la xay dung hoso nang luc cua sinh vien sau tot nghiep CTDT tuong dng Dethuc hien budc can can cuvao he thd'ng nang luc pham chat ngudi giao vien dupc xac dinh cac van ban ngh j^quyet cua Dang, Luat giao due, quy djnh v i ehuan nghenghiep eua giao vien , Tim hieu vikinh nghiem quoc te, truyen thd'ng giao due cua nganh; nhdng yeu td'giup cuu sinh vien dat ViSc mo ta cae nang luc cua ngudi hpc can dung cae tdmo ta ta ed the quan sat dupc budc nay, chung toi da xac dinh giao sinh sau totnghiep CTDTeu-nhSn su pham Vat li can cd6 tieu chuan sau day: 1) Pham^ chat eh inh tri, dao du-c; 2) Nang lue ehuyen mon v^ vat li va khoa hpc tu nhien; 3) Nang luc day hoc; 4J Nang luc giao due; 5) Nang luc hoatdpng xa hoi; 6) Nang luc phattrien ban than va ngiie nghiep M6i tieu chuan laidupc xac dinh cac tieu chi khac va dupe mo ta cu the yeu cau ve thai dp va hanh vi, module kien thdc va hpc phan tuong dng Buoc Xac djnh chuan dau ciia CTBT Tdc la xac dinh cai dich hudn^ tdi cua qua trinh GDDT nham hinh ttianh, phattridn nhan each, nang luc chung, nang luc chuyen bietcua ngucrthpc Dua vao ho so nang lue cua sinh vien sau tot n g h i ^ , myc tieu chung eua nganh hpc can xac djnh ehuin dau eho CTDT^ Chuan dau cua mdi nganh la khac nhau.Chuan dau se la diem khac biet nganhatrudng xay dimg eho chinh thuong hi&u cua mdi nganh, eua nha trudng qua nang luc lam viec eua sinh vien.06 vua la muc tieu vO^ la dpng luc decac tnrdng cai tien hoat dpng dao tao cua minh ttieo djnh^hudng dap dng nhu eau cua thi trudng lao dgng budc nay, Chung tdi da ttiuc hien cac noidung sau: 60 Tap chi Giao dye so 382 (ki2-512016) , °iian tich chuan dau hien hanh, hoso nang Iflc eua giao sinh vat ii, phan tich chuan dau va cdc nang luc , D, 1,0 trcng CDIO de'tim nhflng diem tflOng ddng va khac bietso vdi ehuan dau hien ed dexac djnh se bd'sung, dieu chinh nhflng ngi dung nag chuan djnh xay dung: -Tich hgp cac nang Iflc C, D,J, o vao chuan dau ra, sap xep, bdtri, dieu chinh, dien dat lai chuan dau ra; - Lay y kien chuyen gia va cac ben lien quan (can bd quan li, giang vien, ngfldi sudung laodgng, cuu sinh vien); - Chinh sua va hgan thien ehuan dau San pham cua budc la chuan dau mdi theo hudng tiep can CDIO Budc Nghien cuu CTBT giao vien hien hanh vaphattrien C r f l r m i n ; Thiet keCTBT bao gdm thiet kechuongtrinh khung (dua tren chuan dau cua chuong trinh); ke'hoach dag tao, cae yeu cau vadleu kien bao dam nham thue hien chuong trinh; decuong chitieteachgc phan (dadugc module hda de'n tflng tin chi) bflde nay, can soat iai chuong trinh hien hanh, vdl mdi hgc phan can tra Idi cau hdi: hgc phan giup chg viec hinh nang Iflc gi oho sinh vien? (chi rd duge ngidung chuong, myc va ddi ehjeu vdi chuan dau cda chuong trinh) Tatca eac de cuong hgc phan can dugc dua xem xet lai delua chgn,hoac Ml cau tnjccac npi dungtflnhieude cuong cac hgc phan khac deduge mgthgcphan mdi cdtinh tieh hgp ddi ehiai dugc vfl chuan dau ehugng trinh Chuong trinh mdi theo hfldng tiep can CDIO tflclatie'f) can nang lue ngucri hge dd chuong trinh phai thiet ke'theo hudng tich hop Chi cd chuong trinh giao due tieh hgp mdi ed the hinh nang luc cho ngfldi hgc (hgc van tdng hgp, nang Iflc giai quyet van de ) Cuthe, tn/dc het la so sanh CTDT hien hanh vdi chuan dau ra:Thuc hien ngi dung nham xac dinh nhflng diem manh, diem ye'u ciia CTDT hien hanh de biSnddadap ung dfloc nhflng ki vgng givemflcdd nang luc mgng mud'n dugc neu cae chu decila chuan dau de'n mfle nao, tfldd lam cosddulleu de thietkeCTDT tich hgp theo CDIO Tiep theo la khao satde'danh gia cac hoat dgng giangdaycuamdn hoc CTDT Cu the'la dd'i vc( mdi ehu de cua ehuan dau ra, giang vien can xac djnh xem mdn hgc eua minh cd bac gom chude hay khdng va dugc thuc hien dmflc dd nag: gidi thieu I (Intrgduce), giang day T (Teach), sii dung U (Utilize) Sau xac djnh dugc mdn hgc, can xay dung de cflong chi tiet cho tflng mdn hgc Cuthecan xae djnh chuan dau che moi mdn hgc; thiet ke'cac ndi dung khae de cflOng mdn hge nhfl heat dgng hpe, boat dgng day, lich trinh day va hge tflng ndi dung 0,12-5/2016) mdn hpe, danh gia ke't qua hpe tap Cud'i cung, Hpi dong dao tao khoa tie'n hanh tham dinh, doi chieu CTBT tieh hpp vdi chuan dau ra, cac tieu chuan kiem djnh chat Iupng de hoan chinh CTDT va trinh phe duyet, ban hanh Buoc Thirc thi CTDT: Dua CTDT vao thu nghiem Buoc Danh gia CTBT Danh gia CTDT can thdng qua viec lay y kien rpng rai cae nha khoa hpc, cac ehuyen gia giao due, dpi ngu giang vien, sinh vien, ngudi sudung lao dpng Ket luan CTDT ddng vai trd rat quan trpng viee dam bao chat Iupng Viec phat trien CTDT theo hudn^ tiep can nang luc ngudi hpe la dieu vd cung can thiet De CO dupe CTDT ed chait Iupng can xuat phat td each t i ^ can nang luc ket hpp vdi nhu cau cua ngucfl su dung lao dpng, cua xa hpi Cong tae phat trien CTDT phai la cong viec dupc cae to/dng dai hpc quan tam dau tu hPn nOa CTDT ndi chung, dao tao giao vien ndi rieng can phai thudng xuyen dupc CE^J nhat, nhiim dap dng duac yeu cau cang eao cua xa hpi Khithuc hien phattrien CTDT ndi ehung,dap tao cu nhan su pham noi rieng, can luu y dam bao mem deo eao Tinh mem deo the hien d cho ngudi quan li thuc thi chuong trinh eung nhu ngudi day cd quyen dupc chu dpng de xuat dieu ehinh chuong trinh pharn vi nhat djnh cho phu hpp vdi hoan canh cu the nham dat dupc muc tieu de Ngoai ra, tinh mem deo duoc hieu la tao co hpi cho ngudi hpc lua chon eac mdn hpc eho phii hpp vdi dinh hudng nghe nghiep, nang luc va sd thich cua ban than Viec van dyng tiep can CDIO phat trien CTDT dai hpe su pham giiip djnh hudng dao tao cac nang luc cot loi cho ngudi hpc, giup ngudi hpc ciiu dong vattiieh dng vdi boi canh thay dd'i cua khoa hpe -kTthuat-cdng nghe Ben canh dd tiep can CDIO phattrien chuong trinh giup djnh hudng dao tao cae nang luc cot Idi cho ngudigiao vien hinh tiianh y tudng, thiet ke, trien khai va van hanh CTDT tich hpp • Tai lieu t h a m khao [I] Ban Chjfp hanh Trung ircmg Nghi quyi't s629NQfTW 4/11/2013 v^ Mi m&i cdn bdn todn diSn gido due vd ddo tgo [2] QuO'c hOi (2005) Ludt Gido due [3] BG GD-DT (2009) Quy dinh Chudn nghi nghiSp gido viSn trung hgc co s&, gido vien trung hpc phd thong (ban hilnh k6m theo Th6ng lu s6' 30/2009/TTBGDDT 22/10/2009) (Xem tiep trang 27) Tap chi Giao due so 382 61 ... vien; 12)Banh gia chuong trinh CDIO Phat trien CTDT nganh cu nhan su pham vat li theo huong tiep can CDIO d Trudng Dal hpc Vinh Khi xem xet ban chat cua each tiep can CDIO de xay dun^ CTDT bac dai... each tiep can CDIO dephat trien CTDT giao vien d cac cO sd dao tao dai hpc Thuc hien phat trien CTDT eu nhan su pham npanh Vat li theo hudng tiep can CDIO, chiing tdi da tien hanh theo quy trinh... dugc vfl chuan dau ehugng trinh Chuong trinh mdi theo hfldng tiep can CDIO tflclatie''f) can nang lue ngucri hge dd chuong trinh phai thiet ke ''theo hudng tich hop Chi cd chuong trinh giao due