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PHAT T R I I N N A N G lUG GIAI Q U Y I T VAN l i t GHO HOG SINH KHI OAY HOG PGS TS NGUYEN THj THE BINH" BUI THI N H U N G " Trong nhflng nam gan day, nu''''dc ta dang tien hanh doi mdi chutmg frinh giao[.]
PHAT TRIIN NANG lUG GIAI QUYIT VAN lit GHO HOG SINH KHI OAY HOG PGS.TS N G U Y E N THj THE B I N H " - BUI THI N H U N G " T rong nhflng nam gan day, nu'dc ta dang tien hanh doi mdi chutmg frinh giao due tijf dinh hudng ngidung day hgc (DH) sang dinh humg p/?a7fre/7/7anp/yC{NL),ttii/chien muc tieu phattrien toan dien nhan each ngi/di hpe, chfl frpng NL van dung kien ttiflc vao ttiiiC tien Do v i y , viec hinh ttianh vaphatfrie'nchohpcsinh{HS)hetii6ngNLcdtldila nhiem vudac bietquantrpngctja cac mdn hocdtiirdng frung hpc ttidng (THPT), frong dd cd bd mdn Lichsd^lS) NL chung va NL rieng cua bp m d n LS NL la kha n i n g dat duoc mdt ket qua nhat dinh tix)ng mpt edng viec cu tfie mpt eon ngfldi cu tiie tiiuc hien Nd la mpt tiiupc tinh tam li phue hop; to'hop cac tiiupc tlnh ddc dao cua nhan each; diem hdi tucua nhung yait6nhutiitfiLn:,kTnang,thaidd, kinh nghiem, san sang hanh ddng, bach nhian dao dije NL khdng phai cd s i n , m i duoc hinh tiianh v i phattrien quafrinh hoatdpng Vivay, hoatdpng la dieu kien can thiet chosflhinh tiianh va phattrien NL "NL chunglaNL caban, tiiietye'umabatkingu^ nao cung can desong va lam viec Cac NL chung dugc hinh tiianh va phat tiien qua eae mdn hgc va hoatdaigtiainghiem sangtad" {];^5),g6m:luhqc; gial quyet vi'n de va sang tao; sfldung ngdn ngflva giaotiep;hpp tie; tinh toan; sfldung cong nghetiidng tin va fruyen fridng;ttiam mT, tiie'chat (1; fr 5) Can efl v i o NL ehung, frong quatrinh DH, hJy tiiudc vao dac tiung eua mdn hpc can hinh tiianh cho HS he ttidng NL rieng NL dac ttiu mdn hpc la "NL duge hinh tiianh ba IAJ tiie eua mdn hgc No lien quan chatehetctidaediem cim mdn /jpc"(1; tr5) Ddi vdi bd mdn LS, den cac nha khoa hpc chua di den tiiong nhatve nhung NLcdt Idi canhinh ttianh va phatfriencho HS Vivay, can e i n eflvao NL chung, dac diem cua bd mdn, kien ttiflc LS, qua frinh n h i n ttiue cua HS va "chui'n dau ra" cua mdn hpc de xac djnh NL rieng cho bd mdn LS Tfldd, ttieo chflng tdi, NL rieng cua bp mdn Z.S dfrudng THPT gm: tiiu tiiap va xuli ttidng tin ve LS; tai hien qua khflLS; xac 28 Tap chl Gido dye so 364 djnh mdi lien he logic cua LS; danh gia sukien, nhan vat ttieo quan die'm LS; ttiuc hanh v i van dung kiwi ttiflc LS vao cupc s o i g ; frinh bay kien ttiflc LS Phat trien nang luc giai quyet van de ( N L G Q V D ) c h o H S t r o n g D H I S d l r u d n g THPT Trong qua tiinh DH d tivdng ttidng, /VZ.GOl^£}dflOccoitamptfrong nhflng NLcdt ldi can hinh tiiinh vaphat frien cho H S D i y la 0'hgpcacNL tiie hien dcac kinang (thao tac tuduy va hanh dgng) tiong hoat ddng hgc tap nhim giai quyet co hBu qui nhung van dehgc tap, tinh hudng va nhiem vudatrn Ngudi cd NLGQ VD phai dam bao ba yeu tacd kl^n tiiflc (hieu biet)vevan decan giaiquyet;cdkTning giai quyetvande (GQVD); cd ttiai dp dung GQVD (y thflc ti/giae, tich cflc, say me, tiiu) Trong do, ki n i n g G Q VD la td cdt Idi, quyet dinh viec hinh va phattrien NLGQVD cho ngfldi hpc NLGQVD cua HS qua frinh DH bp mdn d tnrdng phd'thdng, gom: - Phathien vi'n de LS vaneu van de can giai quye't; - N h i n tiiflc v i Ifla chpn dfldc cachthflcGQVDtdiuunha't;-Nghiencfluti/lieu,tim kiem thdng tin lien quan de'n van de; - Dfla cac phuong an tra Idi va chpn phuong an tdi uu; -Trinh bay dien bien cua sukien LS qua dungfrucquan; -Tim md'i lien he ban chatcila sukien LS va danh gia sukien LS; -Van dung kien ttiuc LS degiai quy^ nhung van de ttiue tien; - Trinh bay, bao cao (tiiuye! trinh) ketqua hoatdpng hpctap eua minh De phattrie'n NLGQVD cho HS frong quafrinh DH LS, giio vien (GV) can tiii/c hien cac bfldc can ban s a u : / ^ Hudng d i n HS tim hieu/phat hien vail de b i n g each tao tinh huchg c o v i n de; phat bleu va dat miic dieh i'e GQVD dd; 2) Hudng d i n HS GQVB b i n g each lam rd m a quan he gifla cai chfla biet vdi cai da biet; de xua't va ttiflc hien hudng GQVD; frinh bay each GQVD; 3) Nghien ctjtj va kiem ti^ ldi giai; de xuat nhflng van de mdi cd Gen quan va GQVD (neu cdttie) * Tnr^agfiaihpc stf pham Ha Npi " Tnrimg fning hpc pbfftoag Chuyen Le Hong Phong, NanOjnli (ki 2-8/2015) Trong mdi bai hpc,tiethpe, G V can van dung ynh hoat cac phuong phap day hoc (PPDH), bien phap su pham eu the'dephat trien NLGQVD choHS Mpt s d p h u a n g phap phat trie'n NLGQVD cho HS l(hi DH cudc Tong tien cong va noi day Xuan 197S {LS12) 3.1 Van dung nguyen tic DHneu van de DH neu vi'n d e l i each day cduutiiedae biet dephat tiien NLGQVD cho HS Khi DH ve eude Tong tien cdng wnCTday X u a n / , G V e d t i i e d a n d i t H S vao tinh hud'ng cdvan detiidng qua bai tap nhin tiifle: Vdi viec kiketHiepdjnh Pari n i m 1973,MTphaieam kettdn trpng nen dpc lap, ehuquyen, thd'ng nhi'tvaloan ven linhtiid'cua VietNam,phai n j t q u i n v e nudc Chiing ta da hoan tiianh nhiem via 'danh cho MJcuf, song "Nguy van ehua nhao" V$y, am muu va tiiu doan mdi cua MJva chinh quyen Sai Gon sau Hiep dinh Pari nhu tiie nao? Chung tada chu ddng dd'ipho vdi am mtm mdi cua chiing sao? Bang te dera chu tn/ong, kehoach giai phdng hoan toan mien Nam tiong hoan canh nao? Thai ca cua eugc Tdng tien cdngvanadayXuan 1975? Nghetiiuaiquansucua ta qua didn bi&i cac chien dieh ? Nguyen nhan thing lgi, y nghia LS cua eugc kfiang chien ehdng MJcdu niA?i;cJanftandante?Ddlanhflng npidung coban nhatean giaiquyet frong bai Dd'hieu dflpc "am muu, thu doan mdi cua IVIiva chinhquyenNguySaiGdn'',US6qcsachg\aokhoa, quansatkenhhinh,taihlen kien tiiuc dihpc, ket hpp vdi trao doi ttiao luan de hie'u dupe: tiJy MT va quan dong minh da nit khoi mien Nam, nhung chung v i n de lai han2van cd van quan su,6atvientitrvu khi, kinh te, chl dao quan dpi Sai G ^ tien hduih chien dich "banngap l^h tii&, m d c i c cudc hanh quan de "binh dinh va^ cft«m"vflng giai phdng cua ta Thi/c chat, d i y l i hanh ddngtiephJc chien lua: "VietNam hoa chi&i tianh'cOa MT.Vephiata,dobandaukhdngdanhgiahetimmuu p h i hoai Hiep djnh Pari cua djch, nen d i bj mat mdtsd dia ban dan eu quan tipng Tnjng uong Dang (cucS 1974 - dau 1975) de chu fruong, kehoach giai phonp mien Nam frong hai n i m 1975-1976, dong ttidi nhan m ^ h , nam 1975 la ttidi cova "n&j tiidicoden vao dau hoac eua nam 1975, till lap bkg^phdng mien Nam tiong nam 1975'.T\S do, giup HS nhan tiifle dupc su sang tao, nhay ben cua Dang tieng viec giaiquyeimotquan hegiua tiling kjildn vequan sutien chien tiudng v^dieu chinh chu tnrang, quyetdjnh giaiphdng hoan toan mien Nam HStieptiJctimhieusi/dieu chlnh ehu tiuong giai phdng mien Nam bang viec phan tich m a quan he giua tiiang Iplcua chien djch Tay Nguyen vdi ke hoach giai phdng Hue-Da N i n g cua Dang Chien djch T i y Nguyen tiiang lpi, dua cudc khang chien cua ta tfl Hen edng chien lupc'phattiien tiianh Id'ngtie'ncdng chiai luct"fren tijan chien frudng mien Nam Kehoach giai phdng hoan toan mien Nam tiep tiJC dUpC dieu ehinh chien djch Hue - Da N i n g gianh ttiing Id nhanh ehdng (21/3-29/3/1975) Bd Chinh frj Trung uong D ^ g nhan djnh va quyet dinh chien djch glal phdng Sai Gdn -Gia Djnh mang ten Chie'n dich Ho ChiMinhvdiphuang cham: Than tdc, bat ngd, tao bao, ehic tiiang", 'Dinhanh d&i, danh nhanh tiling"; "iVIdt bang 20 nam" Nhuviy.quaviectimhiaj mdiquan heglfla tiling loiquin suvcrt viee dieu chinh kip thcS chu truong, ke hoach giaiphdng mien Nam, giflp HS hie'u sau s i c duoc ttidicp cua cudc Tongtie'nedng va naday Xuan 7575 Mdi ttiing Id quan sfl lai tao tiidi comdi cho cudc khang chie'n cua ta, tij'dd, danh gia 6uqc vai frd cua Dang dd'i vdi sfl nghiep giaiphdng mien Nam 3.2 Van dung PPDH theo duan.PPDh ttieo dfl an rit ed uu ttie frong viec phat tiien NLGQVD Clio HS Cd tiie to chfle DH "duan tiieo tilnh frr h/a ehpn de tai va xac dinh muc dieh cua duan, x i y dung ke hoach tiiue hien; thi/c hien dt; i n ; cdng bd san phi'm;danhgiadflan De van dung vao bai day n i y , GV cho HS ttiao lu|n chu de Idn cua dt; an (cd tiie la Am vang Taig Khitim hie'u veehutiirongva kehoach giaiphdng ttsn cd/jp A'uan 75) va xac djnh chu de nhd cho tijfng mien Nam cua Dang, GV neu vi'n de: Visao cu& nhdm •.-Nhom ZtimhieuvechiendjehTiyNguydn; nam 1974daunam 1975, Bang ta^Sra chu tn/ang - Nhom tim hie'u ve chien djch Hue - Da Nang; giaiphdng mien Nam tronghainam 1975va 1976? - Nhm tim hie'u ve chien djch Ho Chi Minh De Chu tiuong va kehoach tiep tuc duoe dieu chhh hoantiianhduan,nhdm trfldng mdi nhwn phai phan nhutiienao? Visao cosu dieu chinh dd?Deg\a\ cdng nhiem vy eho tijfng ttianh vien (suu tam \u lieu, quyetduocnhungvi'n denay, HS phaidua vao sach tiBnh anh, ban do, phim fr; lieu, frao da, ttiao luan, tap giao khoa, tai lieu tiiam khao, kien ttiflc da hpc, tim hpp bao cao, tao san pham, chuan bi va bao eao ket hie'u ve tiidi co cua cupc Tmg tien cdng va naday qua) Sau mpthjan chui'n bj, cae nhdm bao cao ket Xuan 1975 Sau chien tiling Phudc Long (1/1975), qua Vidy, san phi'm npidung cua nhom can ligiai so sanh ttJC Udng cd k?i cho ta, Hdi nghi Bd ehinh fri cac van de cot ldi: Visao ta chgn Tay Nguyen ^hu^g (ki2-8/2015) Tap chi Gido due so 364 29 ti&i cdng chuy&l tiong nam 1975? VisaochgnBudn Ma Thudt lam diem md dau eua chie'n djch Tay Nguyen ?Nghethuatquansutrong chien dich? Ket qua vay nghia cua chien djch Tay Nguyen? Trong qua trinh ttiuc hien d u an, HS phai li giai dupc: Ta chpn T i y Nguyen lam hudng tien cdng chu yeu tiong n i m 1975 vi Tay Nguyen la mot vung chien lupc quan trpng tren chien trudng mien Nam.Tflday, eddfldng giao tiidng quan trpng t i n edng xudng Da Nang, SaiGdn Do vj triquan trpng nen catava dieh deu CO n i m gifl Ve phia ta, dTay Nguyen cd cP sd hau can vflng manh, gan dudng chie'n lupe B i c Nam nen edng tac van chuyen luc lupng rit tiiuin Ipi Tien cdng T i y Nguyen se pha vd he ttidng phdng ngflcuadjch, thyc hien chia c i t Idn tren chien tnidng mien Nam; tao dieu kien tiiuin Ipi eho ta phat trien chie'n lupc tie'n edng fren cae vung edn lai Ve phia dich, Tay Nguyen la noi chung cd nhieu so hd, dieh lai phan doin sai hudng tien edng eua ta, chung t i p trung luc lupng chu yeu d Pliyku, Kon Tum, so h o d BudnMaThupt Vehinh tiiflc san pharn, cac nhdm can suu tam he tiiong franh, anh, phim ti; lieu, ban dd, cau ehuyen lien quan de'ntiJngchie'n djch 3.3 V$n dung PPDH trai nghiem sang tao D i y la PPDH tao nhieu hoat dpng de' HS kham pha khanang sang tao eua minh, lam quen vdi phuong phap nghien cuu, thu ttiap, xd li tiidng tin; frinh bay bing eae hinh tiiflc da dang nhfl: trien lam, thuyet trinh, bao tfldng, kjch ndi, dong vai tiien frrduy phan b i ^ ; v i v i y , n d rated uuttiedephat trien NLGQVD eho { i s { ; f r ) GV ed thd'gpi mdcho'TlS tranh lugn theo nhdm ve nguyen n h i n quyet djnh d i n den tiling lpi ciia cudc Tmg tii'n cong va naday Xuan 1975va cupc khang chien chd'ng MTcflu nudc 1954-1975 Day la cau hoi cd nhieu dap an khae nen rat phu hpp vdi phupng phap tranh luin.Deluan giaidupc viin de nay, HS phai neu dupe nhflng nguyen n h i n co ban d i n de'n thing Ipi, nhu: sulanh dao cua Dang; tioiyen ttidng yeu nude, stjfc manh doan ket chie'n dau cua dintdc;sflemanh cua h i u phuong mien Bic XHCN; sflc manh eua khdi doan ketehien dau eua nhan dan nudc Ddng DUPng; su dong tinh, ung hd eua cac nfldc XHCN va Iflc lufflig yeu chudng hoa binh ttifi' gidi Mdinhdmedtheehpnmdtnguyen nhan khac de thao luin; nhien, can dua dan chflng va lap luin c h i t che de tiiuyet phue cae nhom khac Nhuvay, ttidng qua phuongphap tranh luin, HS se nhin tiiflc da chieu va sau sac v l LS; dongtiicri,phat trien kha n i n g thuyet trinh va NLGQVD Phit trien NLGQVD cho HS la nhiem vu quan trpng tron^ quatrinh DH ndi ehung, DH Zsndi rieng Trong mdi bai hpc, neu GV td'ehflc theo hucrig phat trien NL, se gdp phan lam cho bai hpc hap din, sinh ddng, "cd khdng LS", tao hflng tiiu hpc t^ip cho HS Tuy nhien, de phat trien NLGQVD, ddl hoi phai ren luyen tiiudng xuyen, cd tiiii dp hpc tap tich cflc, chu ddng, dpc lap, sang tao cua H S va sflhflii'ng dan t i n t i m cua G V a Khi day ve cudc Tmg tien edng va noidayXuan 1975, GV cdthe van dung phflOng phap "ddng vai" giup HS t i l hidn gid phut dau hang vd dieu kien cua (1) Bo GD-DT Chuong trlnh gido d^tc phd thdng ldng Td'ng tiidng DflPng V i n Minh v i npi cac Sai Gdn th^ chuong trinh gido d\fc phd thdng mdi (1j3h45' 30/4/1975 tai Dinh DpcLap) Kjch ban TM lifiu hOi thio, H 2015 g6m:3HSddnipvaichie'nsTquan giai phdng tren xe (2) Nguy§n Hoing H i "Rfen luyfin nSng lire phSn bifn tang 390 hucddcd'ngDinhDpc Lap, tiai vao bit sdng cho sinh vifin d^y hpc cdc hpc ph^n phucmg loan bd ndi cae Sal Gdn; HS ddng vai Td'ng tiid'ng phap chuyfin nghnh sirpham mdm non" TgpchlCido Duong Van Minh dpc ldi tuyen bo dau hang khdng t/{jc,sef 249/2010 dieu kien tiudcquan giai phdng Hoat ddngtiainghiem giup HS khdng chi hie'u s i u kien tiifle, ma cdn tao Tai lieu tham k h a o Ban Tuyfin giao Trung uong Tai lifiu hpc Mlp Nghj xuc cam L S v i g i y hflng ttiu hpc tap cho eacem quyet H6i ngh{ Xin thu- Ban ChSp hdnh Trung uong 3.4 Van dyng phuang phap tranh luan Vdi Diing COng san VietNam khoa XI (dung cho dang vifin phupng phap nay.GV gpimdcho HS suy nghT, danh casa) NXB Chinh tri qudc gia - Sifthdt, H 2013 gia ve mdt vi'n de LS ttieo nhflng hudng khac Bernd Meier - NguySn Van C u ^ g Pfidttri^n ndng GV vfla langudineu vi'n dephan bien caeykien cua ngfldi hpc, vua dong hinh vert HS deban bae, khuyen luc thdng qua phuang phdp vd phmmg tiin day htfc m&i Tii lifiu t$p huffn giao vifin trung hoc ph6 thOng, khich tfl ddc l i p , sang tao va kha n i n g lien he thuc tidn eua HS de van de tranh luan dflpc phong 2005 phu va tiiu hut.Day la phuong phap tdtnhi't dephat 301 Tgp chi Gido due so 364 (Xem Hep trang 27) (ki2-8/2015) gian, sukien LS, cau noi noi tilng, roi dao v| tri va yeu cau cac dugc mdt so kT n i n g quan trgng nhu kTnang giao em ghep doi cho diing ti'^; kTnang van ddng nhanh nhen, kheo leo; kTnang Wrfv.-A Binh Tay Dai Nguyen Soai hgp tac; kTnang lam viec nhdm; k l n i n g quyet djnh Dieu d i e biet hon ea la to chfle TC se kieh 2.'Bao gidTiy nhdhit CO nadc Nam mcH mdi ngudi Nam danh Ta/ ttiich HS hge t i p , ITnh hdi tri ttiflc LS mot each d l Llnh dao phong trao nong dan Yen The dang,ed niem say me.hflngtiiuhon gidhpc LS B a Nguyin Tmng Tn/c dfrudng phd'thdng i ^ b Hoang Hoa Tham (De Tham) cTniongDInh (1) Hd Chi Minh toan tap (t^p 4) NXB Chinh tri qudc gia-Su thdt a 1995 Dap an: ic; 2a; 3b 2.7 Tha van LS.De ttiue hien TC nay, GV lay (2) N g * van (t$p 2) NXB Gido d{ic Viit Nam, cac tac pharn sd hpc hoac nhflng ang v i n chuong H.2004 vi^tve LS, g i n vdi phan ehuong trinh hgc maGV ed hudng d i n HS dgc ttiem, hoac nam frong su md rdng kien tiifle ma HS nen biet GV nen chgn nhflng ciu, nhflng doan ngin cdy tflsuc tich, dua rayeu eau bosung n h i ^ g tfledn khuyet va xac djnh xuatxfl(tae pham) eua doan van Wc/u; 1) 'Oii phai gian lao khang Tat li^u tham k h i o A.X MacarencO Toan tSp (tjlp V) NXB Viin Hdn ldm Khoa hgc gido due, COng h6a Lifin bang Nga, Moskva 1958 G.A.Culaghina 100 tro choi Ljch s& NXB Gido due, Moskva, 1967 Phan Ngoc Lien (chu bifin) Ddi mdi phutrng ph^p chien, vdi mgt long kien quyet thing Vft nhat djnh se v l day HQC mdn Ljch su-d' t r u d n g thdng NXB D^i dSn t§c ta" (chfi de khuyet la tii "hi sinh", trich idi keu ggi loan hgc suphtfm, H 2005 qudc khang chien, 20/12/1946 cua Chu tjch Ho Chi Mlnh) (1; tr 480) 2] Ta thudng tdi bi?a quen i n , nua dem vfi gfi'i,ruQtdaunhucat,nucrcm^ti5amdia,chi chua xa thit Igt SUMMARY In the organizational form of teaching histoiy the da, nuot gan uong mau Dau cho trim than phoi ngoai ngi CO, nghin xac goi da ngua ta cung vui long' (chfi organization is a historic game In the form ofteaching to 0ve students a lot of excitement when access dS' khuyet la ti) "cim tiic" va tii "quSn thu" trich "Hich tt/ong sF to historical knowledge The article introduces the cua Hung Dgo Vuang Tran Quoc Tui'n) (2; Ir 55) game designing forms in teaching History in order to Nhu vay, viec td' chflc TC day hoc LS improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning khdng chi don thuan la phuong tien giai tri bd' ieh interests for students for the History subject in secma cdn giiip HS d l hie'u, d i k h i c sau kien thflc, n i m ondary schools Tich hdp glao due ki nano sOng (Tiep theo trang 24) Phat tried nang Idt giai qnifil (Tiep theo Irang 30) NguySn Khiic Phi (tdng chfl bifin) Ngd- vSn vii NgO" vfin (t(lp I t$p 2) NXB Gido diic Viit Nam, H.2014 Vy GiSo dye trung hpc, BO GD-DT Chuong trinh phdt triin gido due trung hoc; Gido di^c gid tri vd ki ndng sdng cho hpc sinh phd thdng Tai li^u tjp hu^n giSo vifin trung hgc coso, trung hpc ph6 thfing 2010 Trdn Trung DQng " T chiic ho^t d(>ng dfiy hpc a truung trung hpc ph6 thOng theo djnh huong ph&t iri^n nang liic hpc sinh" T?p chi Khoa hgc Gido d{tc, SO' 106/2014 Phan Ngpc Lifin Lich si> 12 NXB Gido difc, H.2008 SUMMARY Life Skills Education for mountainous ethnic minority students is a task, as well as the advantages of the current philology With a sense of responsibility and quall/lcaUons, professional competence, conditions are assured, philology subject teachers should Integrate life skills education through the exploitation of teaching content, form and method of philology teaching in flexible and creative way matching mountainous ethnic minority students In the process of teaching history subject in hi^ school, problem solving capacity is considered as one of core capacities needed to tie formed and developed for students In order to develop problem sohrIngcapacity, there are many forms, methods, teaching means and pedagogical measures It requires a process of regular training, with positive, active, independent and creative leaming attitudes of students as well as devoted guides of teachers SUMMARY Tap chi Gido due so 364 (ki2-8/2015) 27 ... bien phap su pham eu the''dephat trien NLGQVD choHS Mpt s d p h u a n g phap phat trie''n NLGQVD cho HS l(hi DH cudc Tong tien cong va noi day Xuan 197S {LS12) 3.1 Van dung nguyen tic DHneu van de... bai day n i y , GV cho HS ttiao lu|n chu de Idn cua dt; an (cd tiie la Am vang Taig Khitim hie''u veehutiirongva kehoach giaiphdng ttsn cd/jp A''uan 75) va xac djnh chu de nhd cho tijfng mien Nam... trien NLGQVD cho HS la nhiem vu quan trpng tron^ quatrinh DH ndi ehung, DH Zsndi rieng Trong mdi bai hpc, neu GV td''ehflc theo hucrig phat trien NL, se gdp phan lam cho bai hpc hap din, sinh ddng,