tl i «4iH eiAe aye • BAY H^C DAY HOC DITA VAO NGHIEN CUII TROONG HOP NHAM PHAT TRIEN NANG LOC NGOOI HOC ThS NGUYEN KHAI H O A N '''' Ngay nay, khi nghien cdu tnfdng hop (NCTH) frdtiianh mdt "chien luge"[.]
tl i.ô4iH eiAe aye ã BAY H^C DAY HOC DITA VAO NGHIEN CUII TROONG HOP NHAM PHAT TRIEN NANG LOC NGOOI HOC ThS N G U Y E N KHAI H O A N ' N gay nay, nghien cdu tnfdng hop (NCTH) frdtiianh mdt "chien luge" hgc tap va day hgc hieu qua nham tao dung mdi trudng hpe tap va eg hdi tot eho ngucrt hpc hoat ddng, trai nghiem nhieu hon va tich luy nhieu gia tri hon tiii day hgc dua vao NCTH la mdt xu hudng tich cue de gdp phan nang cao chat lugng dao tao dcac tnidng cao dang, dai hgc theo hudng phat trien nang luc (NL) ngudi hgc Day hge dua vao NCTH la mdt kieu day hgc hudng dan ngudi hgc tien hanh hpc tap ttieo phong each nghidn cuu cg the, sau sSc, vfla phat trien kT nang (KN) giaiquyetvan de, phattrien NL hgc hgp tac, tao nen mdi trudng hge tap kien tao lai vfla phat trien gia trj va li tri khoa hpe Tuy nhien, cho de'n nay, day hpe dua vao NCTH v i n chua dugc eoi trgng dung mflc, vi tiie can phai tiep tuc ed nhflng nghien cflu ehuyen sau NL va day hoc phat trien NL J././Va/igr/trc.Cdratnhieu djnh nghia, khai niem ve NL eua cac tac gia va ngoai nudc Tuy each mo ta, dien dat co khac nhau, nhung hau het deu khing dinh kien fide, KN, thaidg la "chat lieu" quan trpng de hinh tiianh NL tuong flng tren eg sd ren luyen, frai nghiem hoatdpng nhatdjnh Theo mpt so nha giao dgc, NL (competency^ la tiiupc tinh ea nhan, eho phep ea nhan ttiuc hidn ttianh cdng hoatdpng nhatdjnh, dat ket qua mong muon frong nhflng dieu kien cg the Thudc tinh ddttie hien d to'hgp nhflng hanh ddng vat chat vatinh than tijgng ung vdi dang hoat dgng nhatdjnh dua vao nhi5ng dac diem ca nhan (sinh hpe, tam li va gia frj xa hdi) dugc ttiflehien tugiac vadan den ketqua phuhcgD vol trinh dp tiiuc tecua hoatdgng Nd la phan ed tiie ludng dugc b i n g cac ehi so tiiuc hien toan bd NL noi c/7un£r(Competence) cua ca nhan NghTa la, NL la "cai lo" can dugc chu trpng dao tao va ren luyen toan bd NLcua ngudi hpc NL bie'u hien d qua trinh hoat ddng (hieu suat, phuong tiiflc, tdc dpva phong each lam viee) va ket qua hoat dgng {san Iflgng, nang suat va cliat lugng (ki2-8/2015) san pham) NL khdng phai la "kha nang" (Ability -ed tii^lamdugcvacdttiekhdng lam duge), khdng phai "tiem nang" (Potential) m a la cai ton tai ttiat su d ca nhan ^ 1.2 Day hgc phat trien NL nham muctieu phat trien NL eua nguc^ hpc -dugc dinh hudn^ la "ketqua dau ra" cua qua trinh day hgc, phat trien toan dien pham chatnhan each, chu trpng NL van dgng kien tfiuc vao tinh hud'ng tiiuc tien, chuan bj cho ngudi hpc NL giai quyetcac tinh hud'ng cua cudc song va nghe nghiep Day hpc phattrie'n NL cdnhung dac tofng co ban nhusau: - Muc ^u day hgc Dugc mo la tiiong qua cac NL can hinh ttianh;dinh hudng eho viec lya chpn, danh gia mucddquantrgigva"cau fruc hda"eae npidung hoat dgngvahanh dgng dayhgevematphugng phap Ket qua hpc tap can dat, muc tieu giao due dugc md tachi tiet va cd the quan sat danh gia dugc, tiie hien dugc mflc ddtienbpcija hpcsinh (HS) mptcach lien tiJC - Ngidung cae mdn hpc va hoat dpng co ban duge lien ket vdi n h i m hinh ttianh cac NL; luachwinhflngnpidung nhim dat dugc ketquadau da quy djnh, g i n vol cac tinh hud'ng thuc tiln Chuong frinh chi quy djnh nhflng npi dung ehinh, khongquydjnhchitiet - Phuongphap dayhgc.Glao vien (G V) la ngudi to'chue, hdtrgHS tfl iflc vatich cue Iinh hdi tri til flc; chufrpng suphattrien khanang giaiquyetvan d l , kha nang giao tiep; chu trpng su dyng cae quan diem, phuong phap va kithuat day hpc tich cgc; cac phfldng phap day hpc ttii nghiem, thuc hanh - Hinh Uidc tdchuc day hgo da dang; chu y cac hoat dpng x i hpi, ngoai khda, nghien cuu khoa hpc, tiii nghiem sangteo; day manh ung dyng cdng nghe tiiongtin va fruyen tiidng day hgc - Danh gia ketqua hgc tap cua HS: Tieu chi danh gia dya vao NL dau ra, co tinh de'n su tien bd quafrinh hgc tap,chufrpng kha n i n g van dgngfrong cae tinh hud'ng ttiuc tien Mflc dp dd'i vd^ su phat trie'n *TniSflgll?ibQC Tan Trao Tap chi Giao due so 364 19 NL dugc xac djnh bing chuak de'n mdtttid^nhat dang dettiu ttiap dfl lieu, giup hieu dflgc tn/dng hgp djnh naodd, HS cdttia^hai dat dugc nhung gi? va giai dap cae eau hoi nghien cflu Kieu day hpe c ^ cddieu kientienquyet la dua - Cac giai dap: pha\^6a man it nhat mgt vai cau vao kinh nghiem cua ngudi hpc cd lien quan den N L hoi ed hinh tiiuc nghi v a i (nhu tai sao, nhuthenao, can phatttien NL phattri^ HSn tuc, lau daivatflsu bing each nao?) Neu cau h ^ nghien cflu chi nhim tich luy,trainghi^ cua chinh chuttieti>tii/dc,frong cac sukien (caigi, ai, gi, Itic nao?) ttii NCTH vacasaudaotaokhidatiiycsulao dong nghenghiep chi dat dugc hlnh dp nhan dien, chfl khdngttiesiu sic dugc Khi dd, ed ttie eoi nd ehua phai la NCTH NCTH va day hoc dua vao NCTH 2.1 NCTH.Day lamdtfrong so cae phUOng phap machili"kiemke".Tat nhien, NCTH eung phai nghien cflu khoa hpc cdchflcning md ta, phan ti'ch, cd eau hoi sg* kien, vi frong du lieu can tiiu ttiap ludn giaittiichvadanh gia chuyen sau ban chat, cae nhan phaicdsukien 2.3 Day hgc dua vao NCTH la chien luge (hay to phat trie'n eua dm tiigng egtiie(Case) hoan canh ton tai egttiecua dd'i h/gng dd; phan doan tiien kieu day hpc) ed tinh hettidngdua vao nguyen tic, ttiu hJC va ki ttiuat eua phuong phap NCTH frong vpng dua fren nhflng phat hien ve nd qua du lieu, danh gia cae lien he phgttiudc va nhin quattieo quan khoa hpe Trong dd, G V phai xu li ndi dung hpc tap ttiaih cacfrudnghgp khac nhau,ttiietke chung hoac niem nhatdjnh eua nha nghien cuu Khi dua phuong phap vao mdi hudng hgc tuvin chosinh vien (SV)thidtkdchungttiichhop vdi mgc tieu, nhiem vu va moi tn/dng hgc tap, sfl dung tap ttii mac nhien viec hge tap dugc djnh hudng nhu cac hirdng hop dettiiet keva toehfle quafrinh hoc la/loa/dpn^ng/j/en cut/-h/c la ngudi hgc phai tim tdi tap nhula quafrinh nghien cflu khoa hpc; SV la nhung tiJryh/dng,va'n decho de'n dulieu va phai bietxae lap, nha nghien cuu, GV la eo van va chi dao khoa hgc, danh gia, dieu cininh cae giattiuyet, quyetdjnh va m di tn/dng giaufrainghiem, giau tinh hpc tiiuat, giai quyetvan denhumpt nha nghien cuu ddi hoi hoat dpngfrifrjevahanh dpngttigctidn,hfldng Bac diem ban chatcua "ttirdng hgp" la cdtinh van tcfl giaiquyetvan de de (cd van de phai glal quye't); cd gia trj (vdi hay Ban chatcua day hgc dua vao NCTHM hoatdpng cdng tae nao dd); cd Ijch sflva diin bien nhatdjnh du day va hge dflgc GV to chflc vdi sfl tich hgp cac mdt thoang hay lau dai (ed nguyen nhan, li va phuong phap day hpc tich cue, SV h/ luc nhflng dieu kien giy ra); ed hien frrgng ben ngoai nghien eflu tn/dng hgp va giai quyet cac van de cua (di'u hl&u nhgn biet cam tinh); ed ein cflthuc tiie (tfl trudng hop ditra,dudi su dieu phd'i eua G V nham chat hay ban ttienao mara); cd hoan canh cu the (tai dat mgctieubai hpc dau, luc nao, nhflng tac dpng ngoai vi nao) Chu tiie NCTH la SV Tuy njiien, nhafrudngva 2.2 Xac djnh muc dich, do'i tugng va cac giai G V can cdNLti/vai vachldln deSV cottiehpcdupc dap NCTH: ttieo phong each nghien cuu euttienay,tiongdotich •i\4ucdich: Dd la xae djnhtieudiem nghien eflu de hep nhieu KN hpc tap quygiafrong nhanttiuc,quan he nha nghien cuu cdtiiehinh dungtientiinhxem xet hien h(^ tie, lam viee hpp tac, glaotiep,quan li, lanh dao va tuwig hoac da ti/gng Nha nghien cuu xac lap tieu giai quyet van de Hge tap kieu NCTH hfla hen din tdi diem bing each hinhttianhcac cau hoi ve hoan canh, NLh/hpc (hpc ddc liiD)vi chinhttongNCTHngudi hpc tinh huong, su kien, vg viec hay van de sinh tiJf hJmg trai qua nhung nliiem vy nhieuttiachttiflc,ddi hoi nhung bien cofrongdo ma minh pha xem xet, ti>dd, nhung KN hpc tip coban, nhu eau hpcdpclap.ychi, xacdjnh mgediehnghieneuu Myc dich nghien cuu ve nghjiuc vattiaidd hgc tip nghiem hJC b ^ chatfrungvol mgctieuhgc t ^ va la mong muon bay hoc dua vao NCTH phat trial NL ngudi hgc hay ki vpng eua ngudi day dat eho ngudi hpc Ddl^eacNL: - Bd'i tugng nghien cdu Chinh la cae trudng hgp 3.1 Giaiquyetvan rfaTn/dng hop ludn w chfla Dd la ban ttian ngudi, nhdm ngudi, vit, vat, su VE^ de hpc tip Do do, NCTHfructiepla hpc each giai v|t, hienti/gng,hoac nhflngttangttiai,nhung tac ddng quyet van de,tientdi phathien cac KN hpc tap dua cua Chung Da fr/gng ludn cd Den he nhit dinh vdi vaovandevasaunaycaNLgiaiquyetvande Nhung nhung sukien ehinh trj, x i hpi, ljch suva ca nhan hay KN tiiiet ye'u ma ngudi hpc phai sudgng vase phat nhdm, lam sinh nhieu eiu hoi nghien cuu khac va trien ttiudng gom: KN djnh hudng tinh hu6ng lam phuc tap tiiem NCTH Can tim hieu sau sic dd'i hgc tip (trong tn/dng hep xui't hien), KN nhan ti/gng ttidng qua cac phuong phap va ki tiiuat da dien van devasukien,KN tap hgp va xuli dfllieu.KN 201 Tap chi Giao due so 364 (ki2-8/2015) quan li hge t i p , KN ttiao luan, KN lam ttigc nghiem, KN phan tich tnj'dnp hgp, KN xac lap vadanh gia gia ttiuyet eurig nhu ketqua hpc t i p , KN cong n i o tim kiem y fr/dng va su kien 3.2 Hgp fac NCTH dfrudng dai hgc gan gmg nhu nhflng de tai nho d i t cho SV Tfldng h/ nhu cac nha nghien cflu, SV phai toehfle nghien cflu boi canh, xac lap gia ttiuyet, tap hgp cac bien phap va ki tiiuat, ttiiet ke tn/dng hgp, khai ttiac cae gia tri hge tiiuat hJr qua frinh va ket qua nghien cuu va de lain dugc nhu vay hpphai hpp tic vdi Thdng tiiudng, hge hop tac nhdm la hinh tiiflc vd cung tiiich hgp vdi NCTH dfrfldng dgi hpe Khi trai nghiem mdi tn/dng hgc tap giau tinh ttian tiiien va cdtinh chuyen nghiep nhflttie, S V s e p h a t f r i ^ nhung KN cdng tac vd^ hjy ttieo hjng nhigm vu, nhung KN lam viec hpp t i c (nhu hpc hep tac, hpp tac to chflc sukien,toehfle hdi ttiao, hdi nghj khoa hpc, cdng bd'ketqua nghien cflu, frinh b i y san pham, v.v ) 3.3 Giup ngudihoc trai nghiem "cam giac" cdng vasang tao.Jitg6cdong\JiAUgc,HCJH thyc chit mdi la nghien cuu de hgc tip No rat can dugc khuyen khich vi boat ddng nay, S V duge trai nghiem tn/c tiep "cam giac" ttiinhcong chlnh minh tao nen Oieu ddla ddng lgc d i n den ban ITnh dam nghi, dam lam vasang tao NCTH tund la mdt mdi frudng day ttiach ttifle, son^ ehinh nhflng ttiach tiiue lai tao vd van eg hpi de ngudi hpc tdi luyen, phattiien,ttie hien minh va khing djnh minh Tfl gdc dp cua nha nghien cflu, NCTH Igi la hgc tap dephit frien KN, nhu cau va sau n i y l i NLnghien eflu NCTH giup S V lam quen va budc dau ;}hat frien cac KN nghien cflu n h u l ^ viec vdicac nguon h/ lieu, dieu fra, phong van, viet bao eao ehuyen mdn, ttiuc nghiem, trao doi hgc ttiuat hay ehuyen mdn NCTH hjf ban chat la each hgc theo kieu nghien cdu Vt vay, day hgc d i ^ vao NCTH se khai tiiac dugc kinh nghiem cua SV, tao nhflng eg hdi de'frai nghidm nhieu giafrjva KN eua hoatdgng nghidn cflu Nhflng giatrjvaKN cdiehehoeanhflng kieu hpe t i p khae, keca nha tn/dng, eugc s o i g v a lao ddng nghe nghiep sau cua SV G Tai li$u t h a m khdo Bg GD-DT Tdi liSu Hfi thdo xdy d\mg chuong trinh gido difC phd thdng theo dinh hudng phdt triin ndng lire hpc sinh Hk Ngi, ihSng 12/2014 D9ng Thknh Hung "Nang lyc v i giao due Iheo ti^p c?n n ^ g li;c" T?p chi Qudn ligido d(ic, stf 43, thang 12/2012 rhi 9.»/9.01.1;) D$ng Thanh Hung - Trinh Thj Hdng Hk - NguySn Khai Hoan - THln VQ Khanh Li thuyet Phutmg phap day hoc NXB Dgi hoc Thdi Nguyin, 2012 NguySn Thj My LOc "D^y hpc ph^t tri^n nSng Ii^" Tap chi Qudn ligido due, stf dSc bifit, thang 4/2015 VQ Thi Lan Day hoc d u a vio nghiSn cihi t n r o n g h o p & dai h o c NXB Dgi hpc bdch Ichoa, H 2014 SUMMARY Today, case study is being an effective leaming and teaching strategy in order to create an effective leaming environment for learners who can have more opportunities to more practice and more accumulate valuable experiences Moreover, teaching based on case study is being a positive trend contributing to enhance training quality in colleges and universities regarding developing learner's competency Mpt SO glal phap nano cao (Tiep theo trang 7) suphat tiiai eua KT-XH, finh vuc giio dgc cung dugc dau fr/, day manh, phat trien theo kjp vdi nhjp phat h i ^ chung cua xa hpi Tuy cdn nhleu khd k h i n , song vdi quyet tam cua Dang, Nha nudc, toin tiie x i hgi d i e biet l i vai trd cua ddi ngu nha giao.hivpngGDTH vung cao setienkjp vdi mat b i n g giao dgc ehung cua ea nfldc, g ^ phan tao nguon Ige cho su phat tiien KT-XH dja phuong ' • Tdi li^u thaoi khdo Dang COng san Vi^t Nam VSn ki£n HQi nghj lan t h u - v m Ban Chffp h a n h Trung uwng khda XI ve dtfi mdi cdn bdn, toan di$n gido due vd ddo tao NXB Chinh tri qudc gia - Su thdi, H 2013 Chinh phu Chiin lucre phdt triin gido d^c, ddo i^o 2011-2020 (ban hknh kfem iheo Quy^t djnh stf 711/ QD-TTg ngky 13/6/2012 cua Thfl tu&ng Chinh phi3) SUMMARY It can be said, in recent years, education and training have prospered, upland primary education too Along with the development of economic, social and educational fields were invested, promoted, and developed to keep up with the overall development of rhythm the society Despite many difficulties, with the detennination of the Party, the State and the whole of society, especially the role of teachers of primaiy educaUon will help keep pace with upland common educational space of the countiy contributes to resources for economic development, local society Tap chi Gido due so 364 zx