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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci , 2013, Vol 58, No 8, pp 134 139 This paper is available online at httpV/sldb hnue edu vn DAY HOC DUA VAO LI THUYET HOC TAP TRAI NGHIEM TRONG DAO TAO GIAO VI[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2013, Vol 58, No 8, pp 134-139 This paper is available online at httpV/sldb.hnue.edu.vn DAY HOC DUA VAO LI THUYET HOC TAP TRAI NGHIEM TRONG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN KI THUAT N g u y i n V a n H a n h , N g u y e n HUu HcJp Trudng Dai hpc Supham Ki thuat Hung Yen Tom tat Ll Ihuylt hoc tap trai nghiem cua Kolb la mpt li thuyll giao due hien dai dfldc bilt den rpng rai nhit Nd co mot vi tri quan trong sU thay ddi tfl qua trinh giao due truyln thing sang qua trinh giao due theo dinh hUdng Muc dich cua bai vilt irinh bay viec thuc hien giang day dua vao li thuylt hoc lap trai nghiem ciia Kolb dao lao giao vien ki thual cimg cac phUdng phap ap dung li thuyet Tif khda: Li thuyet hoc tap trai nghiem, dao tao giao vien ki thuat, giao vicn k! thuat Md dau Nang cao chat lUdng dao tao giao vien ndi chung va giao vien ki thuat (GVKT) noi rieng da va dang la mdi quan tam hang diu cua nganh giao due bdi vi giao vien la nhan to quyel dinh chit Ifldng giao due Theo Bo Giao due va Dao tao da ban hanh Thong lfl 08/2012/'IT-BGDDT quy dinh chuan nghiep vu sfl pham (NVSP) cho giao vien trung cap chuyen nghiep, cd hieu Iflc tfl 20 thang nam 2012 la cd sd cho viec thilt ke chfldng trinh va td chflc day hoc Tuy nhien, viec tim kiem phfldng phap va chiln Ifldc day hpc hieu qua nham hfldng din chuan tren cin dfldc quan tam nghien cflu ap dung Bai vilt de cap din hfldng tiep can li thuyet hpc tap trai nghiem cua David A Kolb (1984) nhfl la phfldng phap giflp dat chuan NVSP da ban hanh, cd the' van dung hieu qua Irong dao tao GVKT Noi dung nghien ciiu 2.1 Khai quat ve h' thuyet hoc tap trai nghiem cua David A Kolb Trong nhflng nam qua, nhilu nha giao due da dfldc tap trung nghien cflu vao cac nen tang li thuylt hpc tap trai nghiem, dac biet la nghien cflu cua Kolb vl If thuyet hoc Ngay nhan bar 20/12/2012 Ngay nhan dang 15/9/2013 Lien he Nguyin Van Hanh, e-mail- hanhutehy@gmail.c;om Day lioc dua vdo //' tiniyet hoc tdp trdi nghiem ddo tao gido vien ki thudt lap trai nghiem xudi ban Irong nam 1984 Theo Kolb (Kolb 1984), li ihuyel hoc lap irai nghiem dirih nghia "hoc lap la mol qua trinh, kien thiic diroc tao thong qua viec chuyen ddi kinh nghiem KiSn thtic la kk qua tii sU kSt hdp cua viec nim bit va chuyen doi kinh nghiem" [4] Mo hinh hoc tap trai nghiem mo la hai each thiic nam bit kinh nghiem giiia: thir nghiem (CE) va khai niem hoa (AC) va hai each thiic chuyen ddi kinh nghiem giiia: quan sat suy ngam (RO) va trai nghiem thilc te (AE) Concrele Ex einnclCEl / / ^ ^ ^ V_ Reflective Observation (RO) c Abslracl Conceptualization (AC) Hinh Chu trinh hpc tap trai nghiem cua Kolb [4] Theo Kolb, cac qua trinh hpc tap dfldc chia bdn nhdm cd ban, phii hdp vdi bin xu hfldng hdc tap: (1) Quan sat suy ngim (RO)' hoc tap thong qua quan sat cac hoat ddng ngfldi khac thflc hien hoac chiem nghiem lai ban than, suy ngim va due kit nhflng trai nghiem; (2) Khai niem hda (AC): hoc tap thong qua viec xay dflng cac khai mem, tdng hdp va phan tich nhflng gi quan sat dfldc; (3) trai nghiem thflc tl (AE): hpc tap thdng qua cac hoat dpng, hanh vi, thao lac cu the', trflc tilp; (4) thfl nghiem (CE): hpc tap thdng qua nhflng thfl nghiem, dl xuil cac phfldng an giai quyll vin dl va dua quyet dinh Trong dao tao GVKT, cd the hieu: Hoc tap trai nghiem la qua trinh hpc cua sinh vien dfldc trai qua nhflng viec Iam md phdng thflc tl hoal dpng su pham cua nha giao cd tinh chit thUc hanh va van dung nghe nghiep nhu cac bai tap tinh huong, dfl an nghien cflu, cac bai tap thilt kl - irien khai, cac hoat dpng hpc tap phuc vu cpng ddng, cac md hinh ddi thoai cac mo hinh thao luan, cac mo hinh phat tnen gia tn tfl sinh vien due kit nhflng kinh nghiem cho ban than, lam sang to cac tri thflc dfldc hpc va hinh ki nang nghi nghiep [2], 2.2 Mo hinh hoc tap trai nghiem dao tao GVKT dap uTng chuan nghiep \u sU pham Thed Le Dfle Ngdc (2011), GVKT dfldc dao tao de giang day ki thual cac trfldng giao due nghi nghiep (gom co trung cip chuyen nghiep va day nghe) nen ho cin dat cac chuan vl NVSP Bo Giao due va Dao tao da ban hanh Theo dd, GVKT can dat tieu chuan vl NVSP la: 1- Nang lflc hie'u bilt ddi tflpng va moi trfldng giao due; 2- nang luc day hpc; 3- nang lUc giao due; 4- nang lUc hdp lac day hpc va giao due; 5- nang 135 Nguyen Van Hanh Nguyen Hiiu Hdp lilc phat tricn NVSP [I] 13ao tao GVKT dap ilng chuan NV.SP noi tren can dua vao nhflng dfldng, each Ihilc ma d ngiidi hoc dfldc trai nghiem qua nhflng tinh hudng va hoat dong sfl pham cua nha giao cd the giup hp chia se gia tri vii kinh nghiem cac mdi quan he lien ca nhan va nhdm KY N A N G SU PHAM THU'C HANH SU'PHAM \ / Kha nang LAP KE HOACH ^ -—• Giang cjay- \ lUAl ° " * ' ' = f e gia Ve giang day * v n hhoc t lap ' " * ^ * ~ " ' Quan diem cua ca nh.in y ^ LYTHUYET * Ly Ihuyet ve giang day VH hoc ldp Thao luan de xual y luong cach day NANG LU'C S i r PHAM Hinh Mo hinh hpc tap trdi nghiem ddo tao GVKT Md hinh hpc tap trai nghiem dao lao GVKT dap flng chuan NVSP dfldc minh hoa Irong Hinh Nd la sfl van dung cua chu trinh hoc tap trai nghiep cua Kolb Irong viec dao lao \ a phai trien nang lflc sfl pham va dfldc thflc hien theo hinh xoan 6c de' hinh ki nang giang day cho sinh vien Trong qua trinh day hpc, giao vien td chflc cac hoal dpng hpc tap va hfldng dan sinh vien dfldng tiep thu tri thflc va hinh ki nang sfl pham thong qua hoat dpng irai nghiem Sinh vien cd the bat diu hoat dong hpc lap thong viec thflc hanh sfl pham, qua lien tuc quan sat va phan anh hoat dong giang day cua chinh minh va anh hfldng cua no tren ngfldi hoc Dfla tren nhung kien thflc li ihuyet ve qua trinh giang day va hpc tap, giao vien cd the phan tich, di den viec lap kl hoach giang day va thuc hien NhU vay Ii thuyel va thuc hanh su pham cung phat trien tao dieu kien cho phat trie'n nang lUc tiep theo 2.3 Vai tro ciia giao vien chu trinh hoc tap trai nghiem Khi giang day theo md hinh hpc tap trai nghiem, giang vien can xac dinh rd vai tro cua minh dc lua chpn dUdc phUdng phap day hoc hieu qua tfldng flng vdi bdn giai doan mo hinh hpc tap trai nghiem De giai quyet dfldc vin de nay, Kolb (Kolb, 2011) da xiiy dflng hd sd "vai trd giang day" de' giup giao vien xac dinh dfldc phfldng phap giang day fla thich cua ho va lap kl hoach de ap dung giang day theo md hinh hpc tap trai Day hoc dua vdo li ihuyer hoc idp trdi nghiem ddo lao gido vien ki thudl nghiem Vai tro giang day la sfl kit hdp ciia niem lin ve day hpc, muc iicu hoc tap, phong each giang day va thflc hanh giang day (Bang 1) [3] Bang Mdi lien quan giUa niem tin, muc tieu, phong cdch gidng day va thuc hanh giang day vdi vaijro gidng day (Kolb, 2011) ThUc hanh; Niem tin: "hoc Muc tieu: "sinh Phong each: "Hinh Ihflc giang : Vai tro tap dicn lot vien cua toi phat giao vien, day toi thifdng sfl ; giang day nhat k h i " dung bao gom trien " thich dUdc Bat dau vdi V)\y\h hUc3ng nhu'ng kinh nghiem hoc tap Kh