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NBHl£NGliULfUl4ND Til CHOC DAY HOC DlTA VAO OU AN 6 TIEU HOC CO HOI PHAT T R I I N N A N G LUC GlAl QUYET VAN DE PHAN1HANHHA Vlfn Khoa hoc Giio due n^N Tdm tit Vdi ndm gdn day, nhCfng vdn di lien quan[.]
NBHl£NGliULfUl4ND Til CHOC DAY HOC DlTA VAO OU AN TIEU HOC: CO HOI PHAT T R I I N N A N G LUC GlAl QUYET VAN DE PHAN1HANHHA Vlfn Khoa hoc Giio due n ^ N Tdm tit: Vdi ndm gdn day, nhCfng vdn di lien quan din ndng lUc nhUchUdng trinh, day hoc, kiim tra ddnh gid theo hudng phdt trien ndng lUc dang dUdc ban luan sdinoi d nhieu dien ddn gido due Thong qua day hpc phdt tri4n ndng li/c, hoc sinh dUdc bdc Id, duac hdnh ddng, td cd ca hpi hlnh thdnh vd phdt triin cdc nang Idc cda cd nhdn Day hoc dt/a vdo dudn Id mdt qud trinh day hpc tfch cdc tCfkhdu thiitkedi/dn den thdc hiin dudn vd ddnh gid dudn Trong khudn khd bdi wit ndy, tdc gid bdn ludn tdi day hoc dUa vdo dudn nhu mdt phuang phdp day hpc vd phdn tich nhOng cahdi cdn khai thdc qud tdnh tS chdc day hoc dUa vdo dudn de hudng tdi sUphdt triin ndng lUc ngUdihpc, ddc biitid ndng luc gidi quyit vdn de Tit khda: Day hpc dUa vdo dudn; ndng lUc gidi quyit vdn di; tieu hpc (Nhpn bdi ngdy 15/10/2016; Nhdn ket qud phdn biinvd chinh sCfa ngdy 18/11/2016; Duyet ddng ngdy 27/12/2016) I.DatvSndg Vdi nam gan day, nhGtig v i n d^ lien quan den nang luc (NL) nhu chuong trinh, d^y hpc, ki^m tra ddnh gid theo hudng ph^t triln NL dang dUdc bcin iudn sd! ndi d nhllu diln ddn gido due Trong thuc t^, d l bdt kip vdi xu t h i 'NL', mot so ^ a phUdng, ddc bi^t d d p Tieu hpc, dd nhanh chdng triln khai nhOmg khda tap huln cho gido viSn (GV) v l day hoc phdt triln NL hpc sinh (HS) Tuy nhiSn, thdi gian han hep cCia cdc khda tdp huln chifa the giup GV tudng minh v l cdc phUdng phdp cung nhu cdc diem can luu y d moi phuong phdp day hpc (DH) d l phdt huy tdi da cac ca h^i hlnh thdnh vd phdt trien NL cho HS.Trong khuon khd bdi vilt ndy, chiing tdi bdn iudn tdi DHdUa vda dUdn (DHDA) nhU mdt phuong phdp DH vd phan tich nhQng co hpi can khai thdc qud trinh td chUc DHDA 64 hudng tdi sU phdt trien NL ngUdi hoc, ddc bi^t la NL gidi quyet van d l (GQVD) Khdi q u i t v l day hoc d i ^ vao d u d n vi nang li/c g\&\ quyet van de 2.1 Quan niem day hpc dt/a vdo dUdn DHDA (Project - Based Learning) dupe nhieu tdc gid nghien ciJu va c6 nhilu each quan niem khdc nhau.Theo Xavler Roegiers, K.Frey (nhd nghiSn cQu ndi tilng ve Hpc theo du dn eua Cdng hda Lien bang DQc), Nguyen Van Cudng - Bernd Meier, Ddng Thdnh HUng quan niem DHDA Id "mdt hlnh thQc, mdt kieu, hay chien luoc DH" Trong dd, ngUdi hpc tien hdnh hpc tdp thdng qua "dUan hpc tap" ed sU ket hpp giCfa li thuyet vd thUc hdnh, tao cac sdn pham cd the gidi thieu Qud trinh thuc hien dii dn, ngQdi hoc, vdi "tfnh tU iQc" cao todn bd qud trinh hpe tdp, phdt trien NL GQVD phQc hpp Lam viec nhdm Id hlnh thQc ldm viec eo bdn cda DHDA DQdi gde dp td chQc day hpc d tieu hpc, DHDA dapc md td mdt cdch don gidn Id qud trinh td chQc mdt chuoi hoat ddng hpc dd mdt nhdm hoc sinh (HS) cung tim hieu sdu mdt chu de cu the, vcri muc tieu tao cho HS CO hdi thuc hien nghien cQu van d l thdng qua vi§c k i t ndi cdc thdng tin, phdi hop nhilu kiln thijfc, kT nang, gid trj vd thai dp nhSm xdy diTng kien thijfc vd phdt trien kT ndng, thai dd hoc tdp sudt ddi Cdc chCi de thudng liSn quan den viec hpc vd gdn vdi ddi sdng hdng ngdy cCia HS 2.2 Nang life gidi quyit v3n de NL GQVD la mot nhiimg NL then chot dUOc nhilu qudc gia d l cdp chuong trinh gido due thdng Tuy theo ti'nh chSt, d mdt sd qudc gia va to chQc qudc t l , NL GQVD cd mdt sd cdch gpi nhU: NL GQVD mang tinh phan tich (Analytic Problem Solving), NL GQVO mang tfnh hop tdc (Collaborative Problem Solving) nudc ta, Nguyen Thi Lan Phuong vd mdt so tdc gid quan ni^m NL GQVD Id khd ndng cd nhdn sddung hieu qua cdc qud trinh nhdn thde, hdnh dpng vd thdi dp, dpng ca, xOc cdm digidi quyit nhCfng tinh huong vdn de md d dd khdng cd sdn quy tdnh, thd tue, gidi phdp thdng thudng [1 ] Theo tdc gia, NL GQVD gdm thdnh to Id: (1) Tim hilu van d l : Nhdn b i l t tinh hudng cd v l n de; Xdc djnh ede gidi phdp, gidi thich cdc thdng tin; Chia sd hilu bllt vdi ngudi khdc (2) Thiet Idp khdng gian van derThu thdp, sdp xep vd ddnh gid dp tin cdy ciia thdng tin; Kit ndi thdng tin vdi kiln thQc da hpc dapc; Xdc djnh cdch thUc, quy trinh, ehien luoc gidi quyit; Thdng nhat cdch hanh ddng (3) Lap k l hoach vd thuc hien gidi phdp: Xdy dung t i l n trinh thue hien eho cdc gidi phap dd lua chpn (thu thdp dQ lieu, thdo luan, xin y kiln, gidi quyet cac muc tieu, xem xet lai cdc gidi phdp, ); Phdn bd vd xdc djnh each sQdung ngudn luc;Thuc hien va trinh bdy gidi phdp cho van de;Td chQc vd tri hoat ddng nhdm (4) Ddnh gia vd phdn dnh gidi phdp: Ddnh gid gidi phap da thUc hien; phdn dnh gid tri cQa cdc gidi phdp; Xdc dinh kiln thQc vd khai qudt hda cho van de tuong tu; Ddnh gid vai trd cOa ede nhdn vdi hoat ddng nhdm Nhu vdy, theo quan niem va eau true NL d tren, ed the thay, NL GQVD vCfa mang tinh phdn tich vila mang Sfi 135-TNANG 12/2016'SS NGHIEN CllU LI LUAN nhQng y e u cau ciia h o a t d d n g n h d m X e m xet q u a t r i n h t d ChQc DHDA d t i e u h p c c h o thay ve cO b a n d e u t a o eo hdi d e p h a t t r i e n nhQng t h d n h t d eiia NL GQVD CO hpi p h a t t r i l n n a n g life gidi q u y e t v a n d e t h o n g q u a t o ch(ifc d a y hoc dUa v a o d U a n d T i e u hoc Qua t r i n h t d chQc DIHDA t h u d n g d a o c m d td t h e o m d t t i e n t r i n h t h u e hien g d m cdc giai d o a n , Cd n h i e u edeh p h a n chia eac giai d o a n t n e n khai DHDA, m d i each p h a n chia d e u n h a n m a n h vao m d t sd hoat d d n g edt Idi va ed t h e ndi la p h u h p p vdi dac d i e m HS d t d n g IQa t u d i Vdi HS t i e u hoc q u a t r i n h DHDA chia l a m giai d o a n e h i n h va n h i e u bade n h d m d t each cy t h e , d u o c c h o Id p h i i h o p v d i H S t i e u hoc n h u s a u , -Giaidogn 1: Lap ke hoaeh dU dn (1) Phdt hien c h u d e ; (2) LUa c h p n t i e u c h u d e - x d c d i n h m u e t i e u , (3) Xay d u n g ke h o a c h t r i e n khai dQ an - Giai doan 2: Tnen khai dudn (4)Thu t h a p vd xQli t h d n g t i n ; [5)Thdo luan giQa cac t h d n h vien t r o n g n h d m ; (6) Xin y kien t u v a n - Giai doan 3: Hodn thdnh dUdn (7) Xay d u n g sdn p h a m ; (8) Trinh bay san p h a m ; (9) D d n h gia hoe t h e o d u d n v a riit bai hoe kinh n g h i e m T r o n g qua t r i n h t d c h d c DHDA, cac bUde c d t h e xen ke n h a u va lap lai t u y t h u d c v a o t h u c t e hoat d d n g cua HS Xem xet t i e n t r i n h DHDA c d t h e d u a n h a n xet sO bd nhusau, Giai d o a n cua DHDA ed n h i e u cO hdi de p h a t t n e n nhQng h a n h vi t h u d c t h a n h t d thQ (1), t h Q (2) va p h a n cua t h a n h t d thQ (3) eua NL GQVD Giai d o a n ciia DHDA c d n h i e u co hdi de phat t n e n m d t sd h a n h vi t h u d c t h a n h t d thQ (3) eua NL GQVD, Giai d o a n cua DHDA c d n h i e u co hdi de phat t r i e n m d t 50 h a n h vi t h u d c t h a n h t d thQ (4) cua NL GQVO Oe p h a n t i c h rd c a e c a hdi h i n h t h a n h , p h a t t n e n NL GQVO t r o n g each t d chQc DHDA, e h u n g t d i p h d n tieh eu t h e cae bade t r o n g t i e n t r i n h DHDA cua HS t i e u hoe va dua nhQng vi d u m i n h hoa cho m d t ehu de day hpc m d n Khoa hoc Idp 5' Chu d e : N a n g lUOng chat d o t I M u c t i e u : Hoc xong chu de HS: - Neu d u o c v i d u ve viee sQ d u n g n a n g l u o n g chat d o t t r o n g ddi sdng va san xuat, - Neu d u o c m d t sd bien p h a p p h d n g c h d n g chay, b d n g , n h i e m sQ d y n g n a n g l u o n g chat d o t t r o n g gia d i n h - Cd y thdc t h u c hien tiet k i e m n a n g l u o n g chat d d t Hinh thdnh va phdt tnen ndng luc - GQVO' Xac d i n h van de n g h i e n cQu, T h u t h a p , x d li, t d n g h p p t h d n g t i n va tra Idi eau hdi n g h i e n cQu lien q u a n d e n cac van de viec sQ d u n g n a n g l u o n g chat d d t t r o n g smh hoat va san xuat, Oe xuat eac bien p h a p t h u c hien tiet k i e m n a n g l u o n g p h u h o p vdi gia d m h II Npi d u n g chinh ciia chii de - T r o n g t u nhien chat d d t t d n tai d t h e : T h e khi, t h e Idng, t h e ran, - Chat d d t t r o n g t u nhien d u o c khai thac t i l t h a n da, dau mo D d la eac nhien lieu da hda t h a c h , day la n g u d n nang luong - Ngoai ra, n g u d i ta cdn su d u n g cac n g u d n n a n g - KHOA HOC GIAO DUG l u a n g khac t r o n g t U n h i e n n h U : N d n g l u a n g mat troi, n a n g l u o n g g i d , n a n g l U p n g n u d e chay,.,, d a y la nang l U d n g t h a y t h e d u a e e d n g p i la n g u d n n a n g l u o n g xanh t r o n g t h i e n n h i e n , O e b a o v e n g u d n tdi n g u y e n thien n h i e n e h u n g ta n e n sQ d y n g cae n g u d n n a n g luang x a n h , h a n che khai t h a c vd sQ d u n g cdc n g u y e n lieu hoa thach - T r o n g d d i s d n g sQ d y n g n a n g l a o n g chat d o t phiic v y cac n h u c a u t h i e t y e u cua e o n n g Q d i nhQ: Nau dn, thap sang, sUdi a m , l a m l a n h , c h a y m a y p h a t dien,.,.; san x u a t n h Q ; C h e bien t h a c p h a m , c h a y d a u may, nhien lieu eho cac nha m d y , - SQ d y n g n d n g i Q p n g c h a t d o t k h d n g d u n g each c d t h e g a y n g u y h i e m e h o n g U d i sQ d u n g nhU: Bdng, gaychay, no, - N h u cau sQ d y n g n a n g l u a n g c h a t d d t sinii hoat va sdn x u a t n g d y c a n g t a n g n h a n g n g u d n nhien lieu t u n h i e n lai k h d n g t h e t h a y t h e dUOc, Vi vay, chung ta i u d n can c d y t h d c t i e t k i e m n a n g l u a n g sQ dung eac t h i e t bi va cae n h i e n lieu, III PhUcmg phap - kT thuat P h u o n g p h d p : Day h p c dUa v a o d U an; Ki thuat O d n g ndo, b a n d o t U d u y , KWL,,, IV P h u o n g t i e n - d o d i i n g - Cac h i n h a n h ve t h u e t e cdc loai chat ddt d the I d n g (xang, dau), t h e k h i ( k h i gas, bioga,.,), t h e rdn (than d d , t h a n t d o n g , c u i , r o m , ra,,.,) - Phieu hpc t a p cac loai - P h i e u d d n h gid h p c t h e o d u d n V G o i y m o t so h o a t d o n g c h i n h Giai d o a n •• Lap k e h o a c h BU&c 1- Phdt hien chu de: - GV k h o i g p i y t a d n g m a HS q u a n t a m , khdi nguon t d v a n d e t r o n g t h u c t e , Goi y eau hdi d a n ddt vao chi de " H d n g n g a y c h Q n g ta t h u d n g sQ d u n g "cdi gi" de lam n d n g eac vat, n a u an, chay cae loai d d n g cO d to, xe may,.,?" ve - Vi d u GV d a a edu hdi d d n g n d o : Cdc em bietgl "Chatdot"' - HS n e u bat kl y k i e n ndo hen q u a n d e n chat dot Vi d u : Dau k h i , x a n g , d a u hda, cui, t h a n da, sinh hoe bepga, smh n h i e t , p h d t IQa, n d n g , t h a n t d o n g , ddc hai, s m h k h i C , n h i e n lieu c h a y m a y , - GV ed t h e dat m o t sd cau hdi d e t h u thap y kien hoac l a m rd y kien cua HS, ed t h e sQ d y n g so d d t u c u n g vdi he t h d n g cau hdi W H (la cac cau hdi bdt dau b a n g ; Ai? Tai sao? Cai gl? ddu? Khi nao? NhQ the nao?) de t h u t h d p y k i e n , t i m h i e u kien thQc b a n dau ciia HS,Vi d u , Bep gas sir d u n g loai n h i e n lieu gi? (gas); sinh hpc c d n c d t e n goi la k h i gi? (bi-d-ga) - G V p h a n loai e a c y kien ciia HS, n h d m y kien cac n h d m v a n d e nhU: Cae loai chat d d t t r o n g tQ nhien; Sir d u n g cae loai chat d d t t r o n g gia d i n h ; Nguy hiem td chat d d t , N g u d n khai thac chat d d t , cae van de khac - D a n dat ket ndi v a o c h u d e ' T r o n g ede van de eac e m da het ke d t r e n , e h u n g ta ed m d t ndi d u n g gan giii, hen q u a n , t h i e t y e u p h u e v u c h o cudc s d n g hang la Ndng luang chat dot C h u n g ta c u n g t i m hieu chii de " N a n g lUOng chlit d d t " NGHIEN CtrU Lf LUAN ^ Budc 2: Xay dUng mang chu de vd cdc tiiu chu di cua dudn, xdc dinh muc tieu - GV cung HS xay dUng ban dd tUduy de tim hieu ve "Ndng luang chat dot"trong gia dinh Mdi nhdm HS tra Idi cau hdi: "Em muon tim hieu gi ve sd dung ndng luang ehdt dot gia dmh?" • HS tdng hop eac y kien cua nhdm, phat hien cac van de mudn tim hieu, can tim hieu - GV cung HS nhdm cdc van de lien quan, phat hien van de nghien cQu va hinh nen cae tieu chu de, van de mudn tim hieu Vi du mdt so ndi dung phu hap vdi chu de de hinh nen cae tieu ehu de, + Tlm hieu ve viec sQdung eac loai bep, dung cu de dun nau gia dinh + Tim hieu ve viee tiet kiem dun bep ga d gia dmh -I- Tim hieu ve viec sQ dyng bep ga an toan gia dinh, + Tim hieu ve cac each thUe hien tiet kiem chat ddt + Tim hieu ve ndng iQpng sach smh hoc bi - o -ga - HS lUa ehon cac tieu ehu de va hinh ede nhdm thuc hien dQ an, HS cd the dat ten chu de cua nhnm bao ham ndi dung eua tieu chu de - HS nhdm thao luan de xac dmh myc tieu eiia cac tieu chii de dbudc nay, GVcan ed sUgidm sat de dam bao tinh vUa sQc, phu hop cua cdc van de HS de xuat giai quyet, BUdc 3: Lap ke hoach trien khai - Td chQc lam viec nhdm; TQ cae mong muon tim hieu eua cac vien, nhdm xac dinh cac ndi dung cu the can nghien cQu, de xuat cdc eau hdi can tra Idi eho mdi tieu chu de, (Sir dung kl thuat KWL' Dieu da biet 'Dieu mudn biet - Dieu se hoc duac de xac dmh ndi dung rim hieu trQde dQ dn, nhQng bai hoc se cd dUdc cuoi du an), - GV cung HS xay dUng ke hoach bdng each goi y de HS tra Idi cac cau hdi: Ai? Cai gi? d dau? Bdng each nao' Khi nao?.,, phu hop vdi ddi tuong, boi canh nghien cQu eua mdi tieu ehu de - Xay dung ke hoach hoat ddng thQc hien, phan cdng nhiem vu cu the, phaong tien, dja diem, du tru san pham mong doi, - Chia se va thdo luan cdc ke hoach dam bao tinh kha thi, phu hop, dat muc tieu giai doan 1, GV can sQ dung "cau hdi md" de thu thap nhieu y kien ve chu de dU an, Cdu hdi se giiip HS hlnh thanh td thd (1) eiia NL GQVD, hinh ede hanh vi xac dmh, giai thich eac thdng tin, chia se hieu biet cua cac em vdi cac ban GV cung can giQp HS ket noi cac thdng tin da biet va ehaa biet cua chii de, phat hien vandecantim hieu eua ehii deduan, taonen cac tieu ehii de Cac tieu chii de ehinh la cac van de cac em chua biet, mudn rim hieu sau hon - I d day tao co hdi de HS hinh nen td thQ (1) va thQ (2) cua NLGQVO Bade cua giai doan giQp HS hinh nen mdt phan cua td thQ (2) va thQ (3) cua NL GQVO la HShinhthanhcacnhdmdexacdmheach thQc, quy trinh GQVO cua chinh nhdm minh, thdng nhat hanh ddng va thiet lap khong gian de GQVO; HS xac dmh nhiem vu cho vien eua nhdm, xac dinh ngudn lUe, phuong tien can ed de dam bao hodn cac nhiem vu GQVO Giai doan -Trien khai dU an- Cdc nhdm thuc hien cac nghien cufu thuoc chO de BUdc - Thu thap thong tin, xdlithong tin, tUlieu - HS lam viee theo ke hoaeh, sQdung cdc cdng eu de thuc hien nhiem vu dupe phan edng;Thu thap, ghi chep, luu giQ cac thdng tin, tQ lieu tQ nhieu ngudn (Qua SGK, bao ehi, internet, thQvien.,.; Qua thUc nghiem, quan sat, dieu tra, phdng van,.,.) • XQ li cac thdng tin, ta lieu thu thap ban dau, phan loai so bd, dua cdu trd Idi ban dau theo cae nhiem vu/ cau hdi da dera Budc - Thdo lugn thUdng xuyen giQa cdc thdnh vien nhom - Chia se, giai thich thdng tin: HS chia se ket qua, thdng tin thu duoc vdi HS nhdm ve ndi dung, ngudn gde thdng tin, edu tra Idi ban dau thu thap duae - HS cung thdo luan ve mUc dd dap Qng cua thdng tin, tu lieu thu thap dUOc vdi nhiem vu, edu hdi da de ra, - GQVO, kiem tra tien dp, ,: Nhdm se kiem soat tien dp thUe hien so vdi ke hoach de vd dUa phuong an GQVO phat sinh, - Phat hien, gidi thich ede phdt hien, ddi chieu vdi yeu cau (cdu hdi), da kien ban dau, Nhdm HS trao ddi de phat hien nhQng nhiem vy can bd sung, nhiem vu chua phu hop can thay ddi so vdi dU kien ban dau, BUdc - Trao doi va xin y kien tU vdn giao vien hu&ng ddn • Nhdm HScdsU trao ddi thudng xuyen vdi GV (cdc ben hen quan) nham ddm bao tien dp, xdc nhan thdng tin, xm y kien cac van de phat sinh va dieu chinh ke hoach, hudng di eua tieu ehu de da an (neu can thiet), giai doan trien khai dU an, cac budc hoat ddng dupe HS cac nhdm chu ddng thuc hien Tuy theo kT nang ban than ma cac em lam viec ca nhdn hoac cung ban hoan cae nhiem vu da dapc phan cdng, Cac bade duoc thue hien khdng theo mdt trinh tU nhat dinh ma duoc tien hanh xen ke va thue hien khdng chi mdt luottuythudc vao thue te hoat dpng eua HS Giai doan gdm eac bade 4, 5, se giup HS hinh nen da phan cae hanh vi ciia td thd (3) NL GQVO Od la viec HS hinh cac kl nang thu thap thdng tin, da lieu, xem xet, danh gia cac giai phap ban dau va dieu ehinh dap Qng mue tieu de ra, sir dung va phan bo ngudn nhan lUc phu hop, td chUc hoat ddng nhdm hieu qua, Giai doan - Hoan thdnh dUdn Budc 7: Xay dung cdc bdo cdo dudn - Cac nhdm tdng hpp thdng tin thu thap duoc va hinh dung bao cao ban ddu tQ cac sd lieu, Chia se voi GV y tudng ciia bao cao - Chia se va thao luan nhdm ve each tnnh bay bao cao phii hop, Cd the thao luan vdi GV de nghi hd tra eua gia dinh, GV tin hoc ve each thQc trinh bay - Nhdm lua chpn hinh thuc trinh bay bao cao phii hop (cdthe Id'Thuyet trinh P,P kem hinh anh, ddng tieu pham, bang thdng ke so lieu cac thiet bi, cac hoat ddoc tiel kiem dien,.) Budc 8: Bdo cdo dUdn vd kit qud thu duoc:ac hoat SOIM-JJ(ANGIZ/2OIB.59 C Q NGHIEN CUfU LJ LUAN - Cae nhdm bao cao nhQng ket qua thu^daac cua thQc, NL GQVO va cdc phieu quan sat de danh gia NLeua HS, NhQng bdi kiem tra, danh gia cung dQoc sQdung cae tieu ehu de thudc chu de "Nang lUong chat dot", - HS cae nhdm khae dat cau hdi, chia se y kien, nhan de ket qud cua Idp ddi chQng Cac ket qua danh gid cho thay, HS thQc hien hoc manh eac vdn de hen quan den dia phUOng, hoat ddng cua ca nhan theo tien trinh bade eua DHDA ed ket qua hoe tap to; - GV cung HS lap dUOC danh myc mdt sd viee lam cu hon, kha nang van dung va de xuat GQVD cua thuc tien the de tiet kiem nang luong chat ddt, han che d nhiem phu hop hon, ed su chuyen bien tieh eUc hOn viec mdi trudng hlnh tiianh va phdt trien NL GQVD • HS xdy dung cam ket cua bdn than thQc hien tiet Ket luan kiem nang luong chat dot, han che d nhiem mdi tradng.,, Tren day chung tdi ehia se nhQng cohdi hinh - HS xay dQng thdng diep khuyen khich, keu gpi NL GQVD tien hanh DHDA d tieu hpc Cd the thay moi ngQdi gia dinh cung thac hien chung ta cung cap eho HS kien thQc, kT nang cung voi Budc 9: Nhan xet, ddnh gia, rutra bai hpc qua thUcviec nudi dadng thai dd, ddng co, gia tri,.,.dung ddn, phii hien dudn hop se dao tao nen mdt the he HS khdng ehi gidi ve kien - Ca nhan, nhdm, Idp thac hien nhan xet, danh gia thQc ma duoe danh gia cao dtQng hanh vi, thdi do, ci/xu qua trinh thuc hien dU an (SQ dyng ket qua cua ki thuat trong mdi hoat ddng, KWL bat dau xac dinh van de nghien cQu eua eac tieu NhQ vay, DH phat tnen NL la giup HS duoc bdc 16, chu de), daoe hanh ddng, tQ dd cd co hdi hinh thdnh va phat - GV goi y, hudng dan ca nhan, nhdm rut bai hoc, tnen cae NL eiia ed nhan DHDA Id mdt qud trinh day hot chia se cdm xue ed duoc qua qua trinh tien hanh dU an tieh cue tU khdu thiet ke dU an, den thQc hien du an va - HS chia se cac cam nhan cua ban thdn, cac kien danh gid dU dn Bat cQgiai doan ndo eua qua trinh DHDA thQc vd gia tri thu nhan duoc tQ ede hoat ddng dd thac deu hudng tdi muc tieu phdt tnen NL ngUdi hpc, dac biet hien, NL GQVD the hien rd net hon ed, - GV danh gia ket qua du an vd qud trinh thUe hien du an cua cac nhdm (SQ dung phieu ddnh gid hpc theo TAILI£UTHAIVIKHAO dUan) [1], Nguyen Thi Lan Phuong (Chu bien), (2016) Giai doan gom cae budc 7, 8, eua tien trinh Chuang trinh tiep cdn ndng lUc vd ddnh gid ndng luc ngUtu DHDA se giup HS hinh nen mdt phan cua td thQ (2) vd ede hanh vi eua td thQ (3) NL GQVD Dd hpc, NXB Gido due Viet Nam [2], Bd Giao due va Oao tao, Trung tdm Ddnhgidgido la cac hanh vi trinh bay ede ket qua nghien edu, ede giai phap cho van de nghien cQu; Nhin iai va danh gia giai due Dai hpcfi/lelbourne,Khung ddnh gid nang lUc ngUdi phap da thUe hien theo ke hoaeh, rut nhQng kien thQc hpc, Tdi lieu tap huan thdng 8/2014 [3], Nguyen Vdn Cudng - Bernd Meier, (2010), Mdr vd cac gia tri thu nhan duoc ca qua trinh DHDA; Oanh gia hoat ddng va vai trd eua ca nhan hoat sd van de ehung ve doi mdi phuang phdp d trudng trung hpc thdng, Duan Phat tnen Giao due Trung hoe ddng nhdm, sdn pham ciia nhdm Ke hoach bai hoc chii de"Nang luong chat ddt"da thdng, [4], Buck Institute for Education - BIE, (2014), PBL in duoc thQ nghiem d Idp cua mdt sd trQdng tieu hoc tren ddi taong la Idp thue nghiem va Idp ddi chQng Ngoai the Elementary Grades Ca\ifom\a, USA hoat ddng danh gia ban than qua trinh DHDA, [5] Batsford Katz, L, G, (1993), Project in primary ehung tdi da sQ dung bai kiem tra de danh gia kien school, London ORGANIZING PROJECT-BASED TEACHING AT PRIMARY EDUCATION: AN OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP PROBLEM-SOLVING COMPETENCY Phan Thanh Ha The Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences Email: hacunbin@gmait.com Abstract: In recent years, issues related to competency such as curriculum, teaching, assessment towards com development has been much discussed m education forums Through teaching towards competency developmen students expressed and acted then established and developed personal competency Projeet-based teaching is an teaching process from project design, implementation and evaluation In this article, the author discusses about pro based teaching as a teaching method and analyzed exploit opportunities m organizing project-based teaching tov^a learners competency development, especially problem-solving competency Keywords: Project-based teaching, problem - solving competency; primary education • KHOA HOC GIAO DUG