JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educaiuinal Sci , 2016 Vt)l 61 No l pp, 22 29 This paper IK available online at hUp /Zsidb hnue,edu vn DOI; 10 18173/2 154 1075,2016 000 1 Sir DUNG PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC DU AN[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educaiuinal Sci., 2016 Vt)l 61.No l.pp, 22-29 This paper IK available online at hUp./Zsidb.hnue,edu.vn DOI; 10 18173/2.154-1075,2016-000.1 Sir DUNG PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC DU AN TRONG DAY HOC HOA H C U CO LClP 11 TRUNG HOC PHO THONG DE PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC GIAI QUYfeT VAN DE CHO HOC SINH MIEN NUI PHIA BAC Nguyen Thi PhiMng Thuy' Nguyen Thj Siifu-^ Vu Qudc Trung-^ ' Khoa Tif nhien Tnfdng Cao ddng Sir pluim Dien Bien ^Khoa Hoa hoc, Tntdng Bai hgc Sif phgm Hd Ngi Tom tat Nang ltfc giai quyel van dc la kha niing cfi nhan sff dung hieu qua ciic quii trinh nhan thffc, hiinh dong vii thai dting cri, xiic cam de giin quyet nhCrng (inh hudng van dc ma d dd khdng cd san quy trinh thu tuc giiii phap ihdng thtfdng Viec phiii tnen NLGQVD cho hoc ^inh (HS) cd the ihtfc hicn bang nhicu bien phap khac Trong bai hao chiing ttil gidi thieu viec sff dung DHDA thting qua phAn hda htic hitu cti ldp I dc phat tnen nang Itfc giai quyel van de cht) hoc sinh Irung hoc ihting Mien nili phi'a Bac Tiekhda: Nang life giai quyet van de trung hoc phd thdng, day hoc dtf an hoahoc htfu cti Mifin ntii phia Bac Ma dau Nang ltfc gidi quyet van de ( N L G Q V D ) la nang Itfc hoat dting trf lue tiia t o n ngtfdi tiUdc nhflng van de, nhffng bai loan nhan thffc cu the' cd muc tieu vii ed tfnh hUting dfch cao ddi hdi phai buy ddng kha nang ttf va sang tao de tim ldi gidi, T h e o [1], |2J N L G Q V D dtfde xac dinh Iheo each tiep can khae Cd hai each tiep can ve N L G Q V D T h e o t a t h truyen thdng, N L G Q V D dtfde tiep t a n thed tiln trinh giai quyet van de va stf chuyen ddi nhan thtft tiia chil the sau giai quyel van de Theo htfdng hien dai, N L G Q V D tltftlc liep can theo quii trinh xff If thdng tin, nhan manh tdi suy nghi tiia ngtfdi giai quyet van de hay "he Ihnng xtf If thiing lin", van de vil khdng gian van de Khdng gian van de la nhflng dien bien lam If ben liong ciia ngtfdi GQVD' Trang thai ban dau (cac thong tin da bilt); Thdng tin trang thiii trung gian; Trang thai mtmg mutin (mue tieu); vii ciich thffc, chiln Iffdc hiinh dting de chuyen tff trang thai niiy sang trang thiii khac Trong qua trinh G Q V D , t o n ngtfdi cd the sff tlung each ihffc, ehien Itftit khac va dd cd the cd nhffng kit qua dau la khiit Ddng thdi, van de dtfde sinh tfl t u d c sdng nen thtfdng khdng id rang tfl diiu, phffc tap vii lutin thay ddi liong quii trinh ttfdng tiic vdi van de dd VI vay ta cd the hie'u NLGQVD Id klui ndng rd nhdn sif dung hieu qud cdc qud ninh nhdn thifc hcinh dgng vd thai dong ca, xiic cdm de gidi qiiy^l nhCfng I'inh hudng vdn dc nu) d dd khtmg co sdn quy Irinh, thd inc gidi phdp thong ihifdng Viec phat trie'n N L G Q V D cho hge sinh (HS) t d the thtfc hien bang nhieu bien phiip khac nhau, song ehiing tdi xae dinh sff dung day hoe dif iin (DHDA) lit mot Irong nhffng bien phap dem Ngiiy nhan hai, 'i/IO/2015 Ngiiy nhJn dang, 12/12/2015, Lien he' Vu Quoe Trung e-mail' liungvp^liniie.etlu.vn 1 Su dung phirong phdp day hoc dudn Irong da\ hoc Hiki hUu LI) ldp II Trung hoc ihdng lai nhffng hieu qua rd ret DHDA la mdt hinh thffc (phtfdng phiip) day hgc, tidng dd ngtfdi htie thtfc hidn mot nhiem vii hgc tap phffc hdp, cd sff ket hdp gifla If thuyet va thtfc tien, thtfc hiinh, tao cac san pham cd the gidi ihieu [5],[6] Nhiem vu dtfde ngtfdi hgc thtfc hien vdi tinh ttf Itfc cao Irong loan bti qua trinh hge tap, tfl viee xac djnh muc dich, lap ke hoach, din viec thtfc hien DA, kie'm tra dieu ehinh danh gia qua trinh vii kel qua thtft hien Liim viet nhdm la hinh thffc liim viet cd ban tiia DHDA Trong pham vi bai viet chung tdi trinh bay mtit so ket qua dieu tra viec van dung DHDA de' phat tnen NLGQVD cho HS trung hoc phd thdng (THPT) Miln nui phfa B5c, ddng thdi dtfa.ra kit qua thilc nghiem ban dSu Irong DHDA phan hda hoc hflu cti kip I THPT, 2.1 Noi dung nghien cu:u Thtfc trang van dung day hoc dtf an de phat trien nang ltfc giai quyet van de cho hoc sinh trung hoc thong Mien niii phia Bac Trffdc lien hanh thffc nghiem stf pham chung ldi da xay dtfng ndi dung dieu ira ve viec van dung DflDA de' phat trien NLGQVD vii mffc ttd GQVD Irong hoc tap hda hgc cua HS nam hgc 2012,2013 Tong sd 2495 HS va 205 giao vien (GV) dtftlc dilu tra tai 91 trUilng THPT Mien nui phia Bac, Ket qua tbu dtftlc nhtf sair -i- Khi hdi Irong qua trinh hoc mdn Htia hoc em da thtfc hien dtftlc viec GQVD nhtf the niio? Cd 867 (34,89^) da bilt GQVD.737 (29,5%) GQVD rat lot vii 891 (35.7'/r) chtfa bilt GQVD -I-Vdi GV chiing ttil nhan dtfde cac y kien tra ldi- 188/205 = 91.7% cho rdng DHDA se gdp phan nang cao kha nang GQVD hoe tap cho HS d trtfdng THPT Tim hie'u GV ve mflc dd van dung DHDA de phill tiien NLGQVD cho HS vii khii nang GQVD hgc tap mdn Htia hgc, chung tdi thu dtftlc ket quii trinh bity d bieu dd dtfdi day nhtf sau: 90 0t)°~ BO •-^0'', TOOO',- eooct, ^ -.- -,., •-, ^ ^ " z ' Off' JOOCr,- 20 00°» lOOCTi, OOtr, Bieu dd 2.1 Bieu ddnh gid mdc dp van dung DHDA cua GV dephdt trien NLGQVB cho HS Tfl kit qua eho Ihay GV chtfa chu y din viec dinh hffting phat trien NLGQVD theo eac phtfdng phiip day hgc tfch etfc, dac biet stf dung DHDA de phat trien NLGQVD cho HS mac du danh gia kha nang GQVD trtmg hgc lap htia htic cua HS ton han che, tiip trung mtfc tid trung blnh Nguyen Thi Phtfdng Thuy Nguyen Thi Stfu, Vu Qutic Trung 2.2 Su" dung phtfdng phap day hoc duf an day hoc hoa hoc hihi ccf de phat trien nang ltfc giai quyet van de cho hoc sinh ldp II trung hoc thong Mien nui phfa Bac Chung ldi nghien cffu chtfdng trinh hda htic hflu ed THPT va da xae dinh chu de DA cd the sff dung irong day htit hda htit hffu ed d ldp 11 cd chii de bao gdm: Hidrticacbon vaffngdung; Ngudn hidrocacbon thien nhien va van de khai that, sff thing irong ddi sdng ddng biiti eiic diin tdc; Din xuat halogen - Ancol - Phenol ddi sdng vii san xuat; Andehit - Xeton va Axil tacboxylic, nhffng flng dung tnmg thtfc tien ddi sdng Chung tdi dit thilt ke tat hoat dting DHDA mtit sd bai trtmg chtftlng trinh hda htic hffu cd ldp 11, dtfdi day gidi thieu mdt giao an bill Ancol, ldp 11 - THPT (2 tilt chinh khda) A Muc tieu / Kiin thifc Hgc sinh neu dtfde Dinh nghia, phan loai ancol Tfnh chiit vat li (nhiet dti sdi, dd tan trtmg ntfdc va lien ket hidro) Hge sinh dif doan dtfde: Tfnh chiit boa hge ctia ancol dtfa tren cd sd cau tao phan tff vii nhtim chffc - OH (phan ffng cua nhdm - OH (the H, -OH); pban ffng tach nffiic lao anken hoac etc; phan ffng oxi hda anctil bat I, bac TT andehit va xeltm; phiin tfng chay) Tinh chal rieng cua glixerol (phan flng vdi Cu(OH)2) Hoc sinh bilt van dung: Viet dtfde phtfdng trinh htia htit chffng minh tfnh chat hda hoc cua ancol va tinh chat rieng cua glixerol, md ta dtfde phUdng phiip dieu ehe ancol tff anken, tff tinh hdt, kien thffc ve sfl dung ancol trting ddi sdng va san xuat, Kindng Viet dtfde CTCTcua eiic ddng phan anctil; dtic dtftlc ten biet CTCT cua ciic ancol (cti4, nguyen tff C); dtf doan dtfde tinh chat hoa htic ciia mdt sd ancol ddn chffc cu the; viet dtfde PTHH minh hoa tinh chat hoa hoc eua ancol va glixerol; phan biet dtftlt ancol no ddn thtft vtii glixerol bdng phtfdng phiip hoii hoc; xiit dinh dtftlt CTPT, CTCT cua anctil (chi vilt PTHH vdi anctil nti, ddn chffc, math hd); hoc tap htlp tiic, thu thap thdng tin, xtf li thdng tm vii tien hanh, quan sal thi nghiem; thao Iuan nhdm, stf dung KT SDTD, 5W1H de lap ke htiach DA, tilnh biiy van de vii dilnh gia ddng dang, ttf danh gia Thdi dp Cd thai tich etfc boat ddng htic tap, nghidm tuc, trung thtfc vii tan than; cd hieu biet ve thiii dung dan ve vai Ird cua ancol irong ddi st'mg va san xuat; cd y thffc vii hanh diing tich etfc viec htfting dan va khuyen cao ve sff dung lUtlu an loan, hdp If Phdl trien ndng life gidi quyit vdn de Phat trien NLGQVD, van dung kiln thtfc hda htic vii cae mdn hge khat, kien thffc xa htii de giai quyet van dl htic tap ed lien quan din thffc tien; de xuat cac gia thuyet GQVD hoc tap diing htfdng, xay dtfng dtftlc ke hoach nghien tffu van de can giai quyet, phiit bieu VD giai quylt rd rang, chfnh xac, xay dtfng dtfde t^uy trinh giai biii tap dung htfting lap sd dd ttf (SDTD) va xay dtfng kl htiaeh thtfc hien DA; de xuat dtfdt tac cau hdi nghien cffu, cat phtfting iin GQVD dat ra; thu thap dtfdt tac thdng tin phii htlp va xtf ti thting tin phu htlp vdi dieu kien eua ea nhiin dia phtfdng; long hdp dtfde dff lieu, kel qua nghien ttfu vii thiet ke siin pham Iheo each rieng tua nhdm; diinh gia dtfot san pham va ket quii qua trinh htic theo DA eua ca nhan, nhdm B Phtfdng phap day hgc Phtfdng phap day hoc ehu ylu: day hoe DA Ciie phtfdng phap DH va kT thuat day hot phoi Su dung phuong phdp day hoc dU dn day hoc Hda huu cd ldp 11 Trung hoc phd ihdng hdp: phat hien giai GQVD, hdp tac theo nhdm nhd, SDTD, sff dung ciiu hdi va bai tap hda hgc C Chuan bi /; Chudn hi ciia CV: Thiel bi day hoc, may chieu, giay AO, bang phu, video thf nghiem lien quan bai hgc Md hinh phan tff ancol Bang t'' soi: ankan, dan xuit haltigen antol cd tflng M htiiic gan bang Hda chat: C2Hr,OH khan, Na, anctil isoamylit (Cr,), anctil isoamylie H2S04dat CH3COOH dac, dd NaOH, dd CuSOi, day Cu, C3Hr,(0H)j Chudn hi cua HS: Chua'n bj ciic ndi dung cua bill htic theo stf phan cdng cua nhdm vii cua giao vien trtfdc dd mdt luiin Cat cting cu de tdng hdp va thu thap xtf li thong tin D.Thiet ke cac hoat ddng day hgc Hogt dgng I Lap ke htiach dtf iin (25 phut) Hoat ddng cua G V GV gidi thieu c h o H S biet ndi dung se dtftlc h o t v a o luan sau bai ancol, yeu cau H S d o c trtfdc bai d nhil va den Idp trao ddi de eung xay dtfng y tUdng nghien effu bai hgc - L d p dtftlt chia ciic nhdm stf thdng nhal ciia G V va HS de tim hidu cac ntii dung bai hge - GV yeu cau H S can tff ntii dung bill hgc, gdi y cho cae nhom xay dtfng S D T D cho bai h g t - C a c nhdm ttf xay dtfng S D T D theo y ttfting thdng nhat - GV dinh htfdng va giup d d HS cac cau hdi nghien cffu DA - Htfdng dan H S sff dung ki thuiit W H , lap b a n g K W L , sau dd can cff ndi dung bai htic, G V thdng nhat vdi H S ndi dung hoc theo DA Irong biii Ancol, each tim k i l m thdng tin, hinh Ihffc ngi dung eac san pham b a o cat) cua tffng nhtim - G V g d p y c h o H S hoiin thien K H thtfc hien DA - T h d n g nhat neu chi danh gia chung c h o t a c san pham dtf an Hoat dgng cua H S - Cii nhan HS ilm hieu ntii dung thfnh bai h o t - T h a o hian de Itfa t h o n t h u de nghien tffu DA -Ttf Itfa t h o n t h u d i DA - Cac ca nhan cd y itfdng nghien ttfu cilng t h u de dtfdt xep viio mdt nhdm (cff nhdm InTdng vii thtf ki) Bieu hien cua N L G Q V D - Xiic dinh muc tieu, nhiem vu vii cac van de can giai quyet irong chfl de DA - Phan tfch Itfa chgn chu de DA phu hdp Cd cUc thli de lain ciin nghien cffu nhtf sau: - Tim hieu ve khai mem, danh phap tinh chat cfla ancol - Tim hieu ve tinh chat If hda hgc, ffng dung va dieu che ancol etylic - Tim hieu ve ffng dung ciia vii tlie hai cua ancol - Tim hieu vc t a c loai rtfOu diit san Clia Mien niii phia Biit - Cac nhdm dtfa tilt ciiu hdi nghien tffu cho DA minh Itfa chon - Hoiin thien S D T D cua nhdm dtfdi stf dieu khien nhdm trtfdng - C a c nhdm xay dtfng k l hoach thtfc hien DA - Cac nhdm thao luan, thong nhat Clic ticu chi diinh gm san phiim DA - D e xuiit y ttfdng t d lien quan den DA viec xiiy dtfng SDTD, - Hieu vii de xuat dtfde cau hdl dinh htfdng nghien cffu - De xual phtfdng an G Q V D dtfa DA va xiic dinh phtfong an phu htlp - Liip ke hoach thtfc hien DA - Nam tltftlc t a c tieu chf diinh gia tie stf dung tiiinh glii '•'' Lk^'BNguyen Thi Phtfdng Thiiy, Nguyen Thi Stfu Vu Qudc Trung Vdl bai niiy GV cd the td thffc bang each chtm tiit nhdm ngoiii viee nghien cflU tat ca noi dung biii hoc se kit hdp ihtfe hien cilc DA htit tap tlni hieu ve thiinh phan tinh that, ffng dung cia antol GV cd the id chflc tho mot nhtim di tham quan vii nghien cffu li-tftic thtfc tl mdt cd sd san xuat lUtlu thfl cdng, mdt nhdm nghien cffu quy trinh siin xuat rtftlu trting cdng nghiep, mdt nhdm tim hie'u vl quy trinh nau rffdu lai dia phtfdng, nhflng flng dung va tac hai cua mdu ddi vdi sffc khde ctm ngtfdi vii ddi sdng xii hdi, Hoai ddng Thtfc hien dtf iin - hoan san pham (thffc hien tmng I tuan: ngoiii gid len Itip) Hoat dgng ciia GV - Theo ddi nam dtfde tlnh hinh thtfc hien ke hoach DA cua ciie nhdm, - Ttf van, giup dd eat nhdm ciin de diim bao Iiln cua DA Cd the gdi y cho HS thtfc hien eat cau hdi djnh htfdng nghien eflU - Yeu cau cac nhdm trtfdng bao cao ve tidn trinh, ket qua dat dtftlc tua nhdm, GV gtip y de eae nhdm tiep iuc hoan thien san pham (nlu tan) Hoat ddng cua HS - Cac vien thtfc hien ciic phtfting an GQVD de dat DA theo ke hoach vii bang phan cdng nhiem vii, lien lac vdi GV, nhdm can cd stf ttf van, ird giup - Thtfdng xuyen lien he, phiii hdp vii cung cap thdng tin, dff lieu thu dtftlc cho nhdm trtfdng - Nhdm nudng to chffc cho ciie thiinh vidn thao hian, tdng hdp, xff If thdng tin: phan tfch, chon Itic, sap xep md ta dfl lieu dtfdi dang bang, sO dd - Nhdm trtfdng eflng cac vien chua'n bi ndi dung, cau true, hinh anh minh hga, hinh thffc bao cati san pham Bieu hien ciia NLGQVD - Thu thap thting tin tfl cac ngudn bang cac phtfdng tien khiic - Phan tich, xfl Ii thdng tin vil sap xep md ta dtfdi Clic dang sd dti, bieu bang, hinh anh minh htia -Phdi htlp vdi nhdm thiing nhat ve ndi dung, hinh thfft tiinh bay siin pham Hoai dgng 3: Biio cao ket qua (30 phut) Hoat dgng cua GV - Td chtfc, htfdng dan theo ddi eac nhdm HS bao ciio ket qua (mdi nhdm trinh bay Iff 7' 10' - GV td the hd tid HS lam rd van de, y nghTa cfla san pham DA bang tath neu can hdi bd sung - GV liim trgng tiii qua Irinh HS thao luan va neu nhan xet cudi cflng Hoat ddng cua HS - Dai dien cut nhdm HS bao ciiti ket qua, siin pham DA, tat nhdm khiic thet) tidl, thiio luan (5') - Ciic Ihanh vien tiong nhdm phdi hdp irinh biiy, minh hoa hoiit bd sung, lam id y ttfdng DA - HS eac nhdm khac neu eau hdi hoac y kien nhan xet - Trii ldi cfui hdi eila cac nhdm khac yeu eiiu Iain id ndi dung, dat can hdi eho Clic nhdm khiic - Thtf kf ghi tdm liit cac y kien gtip y Bieu hien cua NLGQVD - Phdl htlp vdi cac vien tiong nhdm bao Clio kel qua, trinh biiy san pham - Tich etfc tham gia tra Idi, cau hdi cua nhdm khiic hoac bd sung lam rd y ttfdng ket qua thu dtfdt tua DA Sir thing phuong phdp day hoc du dn Irong day hot Hda huii i ii ldp 11 Trung hoc phd ihong Hogt ddng 4: Danh gia N L G Q V D tiia H S Hoat dpng cua GV - Ydu cau nhdm HS chinh sfla, hoiin thinh ndi dung bao cao ciia nhdm - Phiit philu ttf danh gia san pham vii danh giii stf phiit trien NLGQVD - Yeu eau HS tdng ket kiln thffc ve ancol Iheo ciieh cua minh On tiip chuan bi cho biii luyen tap, bai cau tao va linh chill eua phenol, bin thtfc hiinh vil bai kiem tra 15' hoac 45" Hoat dgng ciia HS - Chinh sffa hoiin thien ndi dung hiit) ciio tua nhdm - Cat nhdm diinh giii ddng diing, san pham nghien tffu vii itf danh giii NLGQVD - Htian ihicn kien thffc, vl nhil ttf lap SDTD, he thdng kiln thflc ve ancol theo each hieu cua minh Bieu hien cua NLGQVD - Stf tlung tieu thf ttf diinh gia, danh gia ddng diing siin phiim DA vii NLGQVD - Van tlung kien thffc tie GQVD dai biii tap thtfc tien 2.3 Danh gia nang Itfc giai quyet van de Bang 2.1 Ket qud thong tin hoi HS ve mdc dp phdt trien NLGQVD sau hgc iheo PPDA (ldp 11 ndm hgc 2013-2014, vdi long to 121 HS hgc thuc nghiem/4 ldp) Til DG m i c phat trien NLGQVD Tieu chi the hien NLGQVD cua HS (%=SL/r21.100%) TT Chua dat T6t(SL/%) Dat(SL/%) (SL/%) De xuat cau hoi dmh hUdng nghien ciVu 3f)/28.9 71/58 15/12.4 cho DA Lap ke hoach thirc hien DA - de xuat 56/46.3 53/43 12/9.9 phuong an GQVD Thifc hien ke hoach.lien hanh cac hoat dong tim toi nghien cihj thu Ihap di? 66/54,6 47/38 8/6 lieu de nghien cihi DA Phan tich di't lieu vii chon hic sap xep 61/50.4 45/37.2 1.5/12,4 dit Heu dUa vao bao cao DA Tham gia co hieu qua vao xay dUng san 42/34,7 75/62.0 4/3 pham DA clia nhom Trinh bay san pham bao cao li thdo xdy difng chuong trinh gido due phd ihong theo dinh htfdng phdl trien ndng life h(>c sinh (Lifu hdnh ngi hg) Ha Ndi, thang 12/2014 [3] Dang Thj Oanh, Nguyen Thi Sffu 2014 PhifOng phdp dav hgc mon Hda hgc d tnfdng thdng Nxb Dai hgc Stf pham [4] Nguyen Thi Sffu (Chu bien), 2011 Day hoc theo chudn kien thifc, ki ndng hda hoc 11 Nxb Dai hge Stf Pham [5] Phan Dong Chdu Thuy, Pham Hong Bae 2012 Dgy hgc iheo difdn phdn ddu md hdi "Nguon hidro cacbon thien nhien " irong chifOng trinh hda hgc ldp 11- ndng cao Tap chf Khoa hge, Trffdng Dai hoc Su pham Hii Ngi, 57(4), tr 83-92 [6] Vu Thi Yen, 2015 Vdn dung dgy hgc du dn irong nwn Hda hoc phdn lich dinh lifOng d irifdng Dgi hgc Su phgm Luan an Tien sT Giao dut hgc Trtfdng Dai htit Stf pham Ha Ndi ABSTRACT Using project based teaching methods to teach Grade 11 organic chemistry to develop problem-solving capacity in students living in the northern mountains Problem-solving capacity (NLGQVD) is ihe individual ability to effectively use cognitive processes, actions and attitudes, motives andemotions to address situations where the issue is not available provided process and procedures, the usual solution The developing NLGQVD's students (HS) can be done in many different ways In this paper we present the use of project based teaching methods (DHDA) in lith Grade organic chemistry class to develtip problem-solving capacity in high school students ofthe Northern Mountains Keywords: IVoblem-soIving capacity, high school, teaching projects, organic chemistry Northern Mountains ... hinh thffc liim viet cd ban tiia DHDA Trong pham vi bai viet chung tdi trinh bay mtit so ket qua dieu tra viec van dung DHDA de'' phat tnen NLGQVD cho HS trung hoc phd thdng (THPT) Miln nui phfa... nghien cu:u Thtfc trang van dung day hoc dtf an de phat trien nang ltfc giai quyet van de cho hoc sinh trung hoc thong Mien niii phia Bac Trffdc lien hanh thffc nghiem stf pham chung ldi da xay... kien tra ldi- 188/205 = 91.7% cho rdng DHDA se gdp phan nang cao kha nang GQVD hoe tap cho HS d trtfdng THPT Tim hie''u GV ve mflc dd van dung DHDA de phill tiien NLGQVD cho HS vii khii nang GQVD