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MDI SO GIAI PHAP NANG GAO GHAT iUGNG GIAO DUG Tllu HDG VUNG GAO ThS NGUYEN HUY P H O N G * De ttiuc hien ttianh cdng cdng cudc ddl mdi can ban, loan dien GD DT trong giai doan hien nay, khdng the khdn[.]
MDI SO GIAI PHAP NANG GAO GHAT iUGNG GIAO DUG Tllu HDG VUNG GAO ThS D e ttiuc hien ttianh cdng cdng cudc ddl mdi can ban, loan dien GD-DT giai doan hien nay, khdng the khdng quan tam den yeu to giao due viing mien Giao duetteuhpc (GDTH) viing cao nhung nam qua da cd nhieu co gSng, dat dupc nhieu ttianh tich tt'ong viec day ehu - day ngudi cho em dong bao eae dan tdc ttiieu so Tuy nhien, ben canh nhdng ti/u dat dupc, cap hpc cung dang phai dot dien vdi nhung khd khan, ttiach ttidc kecatijrphia ngudi day lan ngudi hpc Bai viet naydecapGDTH viing cao (qua khao satdcac tinh Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Son La, Dien Bien, Cao Bang) de tddd dexuat mdtsogiai phap nang eao chat lupng G DTH cua viing dja ban ed y nghTa chien lupc GDTH vung cao h e t h o n g giao due quocdan Dd'i vdi GDTH viing cao, vung mil nhdng nam qua cung da cd nhung doi ttiay, chuyen bien rd net ve quy md phat trien mang ludi tardng hpc cae cap, ve sugia tang dpi ngu giao vien (GV)cd trinh dp Theo ttiong ke vetinh hinh GDTH mdtso tlnh thanti, viing mil phia B§c cho thay, cap hpc ludn tri dupc suon djnh ve quy md phattrien trudng ldp, dpi ngu can bd giang day, dac biet la nhdng GV ngudi dan tpc thieu sd'khdng ngdng dupc bosung ttieo cae nam Cy ttie: - So tmong tieu hoc phan theo dia phuong STT Tlnh/ThSnh Nam 2011 Nam 2012 Nam 2013 UoCai 240 273 164 173 241 23S 280 189 172 242 241 282 193 173 243 Sdn La Hd Gianq SiSn Bien Cao Bilng - Sd'GV tieu hgc thugc cac dan tgc ft ngudi tn/c tiep giang d^y theo dia phuang sn Tlnh/Thanh Nam 2010 Nam Nam 2012 2013 Ldo Cai 1039 1737 1744 Son La 3275 3843 3811 Hd Giang 3198 3797 3721 Qiln Bien 1825 2430 2170 CaoBhg 376S 38QS 39B8 Tap chi Gido due so 364 N G U Y E N HUY P H O N G * •Sd'GV lieu hqctnjiitep phuang giang day phan theo tia sn nnh/Ttianh N3m2010 Lao Cai Sdn La Hd Gianq Qign Bifin Cao B^g 5183 7282 6265 4414 3922 Nam 2012 5480 7330 6643 5174 3982 Nini 2013 5323 7322 6617 4805 4148 Qua thd'ng ke cdttiettiay, quy moGDTH cac ti'nh viing niii phia B5c ludn ed chieu hudng phattrien, mac du nam 2012 nhdng bien dpng veti le ttemam non vaotteuhpc ed giam pmptsotinh nhung de'n nam 2013nhdngehisdvetardng Idp.GVgiang daydeutang so vdi nam 2010,2011,va dubao nhdng nam tiep ttieo vdi suphattrien, dau tu cua cac cap, cac nganh dd'i vdi giao due mam nonjhlbactieu hpc cung seed nhdng suttiay dd'i, phatttien decdihe dap dng dupc nhu cau cua toan xa hdi Tuy nhien, ben csinh nhdng mat thuan Ipi, nhiJng ttianh tich datdupc thi GDTH viing cao cung dang phai dd'i matvdinhieu khd khan, ttiach ttidc, nhU:-CP sdvat chatva trang ttiiet bj ttudng hoc dupc dau ti/nhung onhieu npi cdn lac hau, tam bp, xuong cap, dxa tmng tam, gay nhieu khd khan cho cdng tac day - hpc va ddl mdi phuong phap giang day, kiem tta, danh gia Trudng hpc dupc botti dxa khu dan cu.dja ban rpng, doi mil hiem ttd, giao ttidng dl lai khd khan, anh hudng nhieu den viec di lai, hpc tap cua em cac ban lang; - Mdt so viing mien niiung dac tinh, tap quan rieng, nhung dieu kien khd khan vekinh te nen nhieu gia dinh khdng mud'n cho em tdi tn/dng; - Chinh sach dai ngp, khuyen khich cua Nha nudc dd'i vdi GV viing cao ed nhieu eai thien nhUng chua dang ke Deri song ciia hp cdn gap nhieu kho khan -quatrinh tiep can ttidng tin ewi cham, khanang cap nhat ngoai ngd, tin hpc cdn yeu Bat cap ttong ttiuc thi chuong trinh: viee ttiuc hien theo chuong trinh day hpe chuan quoc gia dmptsd'noikhdttnic hien; nhdng thay dd'i each danh gia hpc sinh tieu hpc tddiem sosang nhan xet cung gap nhieu ttdngaikhi * Vien Van hoa va pbat trien • HQC vien Ctimh tii quoc gia Ho Ctu Mink (ki2'8/2015) nhleu gia dinh dan tdc ehua biet chu nen khd ed ttie n§m dupc tinh hinh hoc tap cua em minh Mpt so giai phap nang cao chait lupng GDTH vung cao 2,7./ecffc/ie,'c/»//)/i sac/j Trongti'nhhinh hien nay, degiao due viing eao bSt kjp vdi mat b5ng chung cua giao due ea nudc, ddi hoi can ed nhung chinh sach, CO che cu the, ttiuc hien mdt each quyet liet, dong bdttiimdicdttiehoan ttianh muctieu giao due dadera.Bp GD-DT can ttiam muu vdiDang,Chinh phiivechien lupc phattti'^ giao due viing cao vdi tam nhin lau dai, cdtinh ddtpha nhu ban hanh co chedao tao, boi dudng nguon nhan luc tai cho, dong ttidi cd nhijng chinh sach dai ngd,thu hiit, khuyen khich ngudi tai, nhdng G V cd trinh dp, tam huyet len cdng tac a vung sau, viing xa Mud'n vay, can quan triet va bien sau rdng ehu tn/ong, dudng Id'i ciia Dang, Nha nudc de'n vdi toan ttie nhan dan, de ho hieu sau s i c ve tam quan trpng ciia giao due, dau tiJ va tao dieu kien cho em dupc den tti/dng Can xay dung nhdng ttudng dai hpe su pham ehuyen biet, ehuyen dao tao GV mien niii, viing cao vdi nhung chinh sach cy the ttong viee tuyen chpn, dao tao, boi dudng ya sap xeJD vide lam sau ttudng Dd'i vdi cae trudng eao dang su pham, can tich cue ddl mdi npi dung va phuong phap giang day ttieo hudng tten tie'n, tich hpp ndi dung giang day, gan Ii tiiuyet vdi thue hanh, chii trpng den yeu to dja phuong, vung mien, tii dd giiip cho GV tieu hpc cdttiem ttidng tin, kien tiidc va kt nang nqhlep vg de hoan ttianh nhiem vu de Mat khac, can cdsu nghien cdu klve dac tinh tam, sinh li cua ngudi hpc, dieu kien sinh hoat, hpc tap eiia ngudi day va ngudi hpc de bien soan mptchucfng trinh rieng, phu hpp 2,2 Doi vai can bg quan ligiao due va dgi ngu GV.MdiG DTH vung eao, vai ttd eiia can bp quan li va G V la vd ciing quan trpng Hp phai cung liic ddng duac nhleu vai, vda la ttiay day chd, vij^ la nhdng "ngudi cha, ngudi me ttid haf, ngud^ anh, ngudi chj cua hpc trd; nha tnrdng gid'ng nhu to am eua gia dinh CF nhieu viing mien, viec ddng vien em dong bao d ^ ttudng da lamdt ttidttiaeh, giudupc chan cae em ttieo het nam hpc lai edn vat va hPn tam li "bd hpc len nuong", khong can hpc, khdng can "cai ehu" van cdn am anh dai dang nhieu gia dinh Chinh cai ngheo 66i va tap quan lac hau cua nhleu tdc ngudi k h i ^ cho viec phd'cap giao due, nang cao chat lupng cua cap hoc gap nhieu khd khan Vi ttie, GV nhung CO sdglao due viing eao can nhat la cai tam, Idng yeu nghe, yeu tre, chju dupc sukhac nghiet (ki2-8/2015) cua ttiien nhien, dudng rdngdemang chdden tre ttip Ben canh dd, GV can ed nhdng ddl m ^ sang tao, van dung linh hoat chuong trinh cho phli hpp vdi ye'u tdviing mien va tam li tiep nhan cua hpcsinh Khdng ngdng ddlmdi npidung va phupng pliap giang day, cap nhat nhdng bien ehuyen cua tinh hinh giao dye frong va ngoai nudc, tich cue hpc tap ttiem ngdn ngu dia phuong, ngdn ngdeae dan tdc degan kethai hda, ben chat giua gia dinh vanha ttudng Can bdquan li phai ddng vai trd la mpt "kenh ttidng tin" nhanh nhay giiip GV n^m bk 6uqc day du chu ttuong, dudng Id'i eua Dang, Nha nude; quan tam sat den chat lupng giang day va ddi song tinh ttian, vat chat cua GV;cd nhdng sang kl&'n kinh nghiem thie't thue d e m d rdng quy md giao due, van ddng toan dan dua treden ttvdng b^ng nhdng bidn phap tuyen tmyen huu ieh 2.3 Dd'i voi gia dinh va xahgi Gia dinh va xa hdi la nhung nhan td'quan frpng tac dpng tn/c tiep va chi phcSmanhmeden cdng tae giao due, nhatlaGDTH viing eao Vdi dja ban hoatdpng rpng, dja hinh doi mil cao, ddi song vat chatva tinh ttian cua ngudi dan cdn khdkhan,hanchenen cdng tac van ddng, ftjyen tiuyen cua can bd, ed nhung G V "cam ban" la het sdc can ttiiet ttong viec nang cao ytiidc cua dong bao dd'i vdi viec nang cao dan tri cho em, bao dam quyen dupc hpe tap, vui choi, quyen dupc den ttirdng cua tre Su hpp tac cua cae gia dinh vipc ddng vien eon em de'n ttudng, hpc lay eon chddedan ttioat ngheo, phattrie'n KT-XH dja phuong la nhan to quan ttpng quyetdjnh d ^ viec ofi djnh quy md frudng Idp va viec nang cao chat lupng giang day cua GV Ben canh dd, suttiam gia eua toan xa hdi viec Cham k), quan tam den ddi song giao due se ed y nghTa ldn de nganh giao due hoan ttianh dupc sd menh ve vanq ciia minh Cae to ehdc xa hdi, cac eo quan doan ttie, mat tian Toquoc phaicd nhdng hanh ddng ttiiet thuc, hieu qua lion nda tt'ong nhdng chinh sach "khuyen hpc, khuyen tar, tao hinh anh eaxa hpi hpc tap, hpe dexay dung vabao vpToquoc Nhiing phong ttao ngudi dan to chdc cd sdc anh hudng ldn, giiip ngudi dan nhan ttiuc rd hon ve tam quan frpng cua viec cham k),ba dudng, giao due ttie'hette, giiip nganh giao due ttiuc hien dupc frpng ttach Msn lao cua minh Cd ttie ndi, nhung nam qua, GD-DT da cd nhieu khffl s5c, GDTH vung cao eung vay Cling vdi (Xem 6ip trang 21) Tap chi Gido due so 364 quan li hge t i p , KN ttiao luan, KN lam ttigc nghiem, KN phan tich tnj'dnp hgp, KN xac lap vadanh gia gia ttiuyet eurig nhu ketqua hpc t i p , KN cong n i o tim kiem y fr/dng va su kien 3.2 Hgp fac NCTH dfrudng dai hgc gan gmg nhu nhflng de tai nho d i t cho SV Tfldng h/ nhu cac nha nghien cflu, SV phai toehfle nghien cflu boi canh, xac lap gia ttiuyet, tap hgp cac bien phap va ki tiiuat, ttiiet ke tn/dng hgp, khai ttiac cae gia tri hge tiiuat hJr qua frinh va ket qua nghien cuu va de lain dugc nhu vay hpphai hpp tic vdi Thdng tiiudng, hge hop tac nhdm la hinh tiiflc vd cung tiiich hgp vdi NCTH dfrfldng dgi hpe Khi trai nghiem mdi tn/dng hgc tap giau tinh ttian tiiien va cdtinh chuyen nghiep nhflttie, S V s e p h a t f r i ^ nhung KN cdng tac vd^ hjy ttieo hjng nhigm vu, nhung KN lam viec hpp t i c (nhu hpc hep tac, hpp tac to chflc sukien,toehfle hdi ttiao, hdi nghj khoa hpc, cdng bd'ketqua nghien cflu, frinh b i y san pham, v.v ) 3.3 Giup ngudihoc trai nghiem "cam giac" cdng vasang tao.Jitg6cdong\JiAUgc,HCJH thyc chit mdi la nghien cuu de hgc tip No rat can dugc khuyen khich vi boat ddng nay, S V duge trai nghiem tn/c tiep "cam giac" ttiinhcong chlnh minh tao nen Oieu ddla ddng lgc d i n den ban ITnh dam nghi, dam lam vasang tao NCTH tund la mdt mdi frudng day ttiach ttifle, son^ ehinh nhflng ttiach tiiue lai tao vd van eg hpi de ngudi hpc tdi luyen, phattiien,ttie hien minh va khing djnh minh Tfl gdc dp cua nha nghien cflu, NCTH Igi la hgc tap dephit frien KN, nhu cau va sau n i y l i NLnghien eflu NCTH giup S V lam quen va budc dau ;}hat frien cac KN nghien cflu n h u l ^ viec vdicac nguon h/ lieu, dieu fra, phong van, viet bao eao ehuyen mdn, ttiuc nghiem, trao doi hgc ttiuat hay ehuyen mdn NCTH hjf ban chat la each hgc theo kieu nghien cdu Vt vay, day hgc d i ^ vao NCTH se khai tiiac dugc kinh nghiem cua SV, tao nhflng eg hdi de'frai nghidm nhieu giafrjva KN eua hoatdgng nghidn cflu Nhflng giatrjvaKN cdiehehoeanhflng kieu hpe t i p khae, keca nha tn/dng, eugc s o i g v a lao ddng nghe nghiep sau cua SV G Tai li$u t h a m khdo Bg GD-DT Tdi liSu Hfi thdo xdy d\mg chuong trinh gido difC phd thdng theo dinh hudng phdt triin ndng lire hpc sinh Hk Ngi, ihSng 12/2014 D9ng Thknh Hung "Nang lyc v i giao due Iheo ti^p c?n n ^ g li;c" T?p chi Qudn ligido d(ic, stf 43, thang 12/2012 rhi 9.»/9.01.1;) D$ng Thanh Hung - Trinh Thj Hdng Hk - NguySn Khai Hoan - THln VQ Khanh Li thuyet Phutmg phap day hoc NXB Dgi hoc Thdi Nguyin, 2012 NguySn Thj My LOc "D^y hpc ph^t tri^n nSng Ii^" Tap chi Qudn ligido due, stf dSc bifit, thang 4/2015 VQ Thi Lan Day hoc d u a vio nghiSn cihi t n r o n g h o p & dai h o c NXB Dgi hpc bdch Ichoa, H 2014 SUMMARY Today, case study is being an effective leaming and teaching strategy in order to create an effective leaming environment for learners who can have more opportunities to more practice and more accumulate valuable experiences Moreover, teaching based on case study is being a positive trend contributing to enhance training quality in colleges and universities regarding developing learner's competency Mpt SO glal phap nano cao (Tiep theo trang 7) suphat tiiai eua KT-XH, finh vuc giio dgc cung dugc dau fr/, day manh, phat trien theo kjp vdi nhjp phat h i ^ chung cua xa hpi Tuy cdn nhleu khd k h i n , song vdi quyet tam cua Dang, Nha nudc, toin tiie x i hgi d i e biet l i vai trd cua ddi ngu nha giao.hivpngGDTH vung cao setienkjp vdi mat b i n g giao dgc ehung cua ea nfldc, g ^ phan tao nguon Ige cho su phat tiien KT-XH dja phuong ' • Tdi li^u thaoi khdo Dang COng san Vi^t Nam VSn ki£n HQi nghj lan t h u - v m Ban Chffp h a n h Trung uwng khda XI ve dtfi mdi cdn bdn, toan di$n gido due vd ddo tao NXB Chinh tri qudc gia - Su thdi, H 2013 Chinh phu Chiin lucre phdt triin gido d^c, ddo i^o 2011-2020 (ban hknh kfem iheo Quy^t djnh stf 711/ QD-TTg ngky 13/6/2012 cua Thfl tu&ng Chinh phi3) SUMMARY It can be said, in recent years, education and training have prospered, upland primary education too Along with the development of economic, social and educational fields were invested, promoted, and developed to keep up with the overall development of rhythm the society Despite many difficulties, with the detennination of the Party, the State and the whole of society, especially the role of teachers of primaiy educaUon will help keep pace with upland common educational space of the countiy contributes to resources for economic development, local society Tap chi Gido due so 364 zx ... biet chu nen khd ed ttie n§m dupc tinh hinh hoc tap cua em minh Mpt so giai phap nang cao chait lupng GDTH vung cao 2,7./ecffc/ie,''c/»//)/i sac/j Trongti''nhhinh hien nay, degiao due viing eao bSt... doi mil cao, ddi song vat chatva tinh ttian cua ngudi dan cdn khdkhan,hanchenen cdng tac van ddng, ftjyen tiuyen cua can bd, ed nhung G V "cam ban" la het sdc can ttiiet ttong viec nang cao ytiidc... tti/dng Can xay dung nhdng ttudng dai hpe su pham ehuyen biet, ehuyen dao tao GV mien niii, viing cao vdi nhung chinh sach cy the ttong viee tuyen chpn, dao tao, boi dudng ya sap xeJD vide lam sau