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NGHIEN Ciiu TRAO DOI GIAO DUC VA OAO TAOtrong xay diftig nong thon mdi ket qua dat OiAf c va k l i i i p nghi tliinh sacli # Th s Nguyen Vdn Chien Viin Khoa hpc gido due Viet Nam / ""^^^rong bdi cdnh[.]
NGHIEN C i i u TRAO DOI GIAO DUC VA OAO TAOtrong xay diftig nong thon mdi ket qua dat OiAfc va kliiip nghi tliinh sacli # Th.s Nguyen Vdn Chien Viin Khoa hpc gido due Viet Nam / " " ^ ^ ^ r o n g bdi cdnh nude ^~—' I ta dang thuc hidn cac C^_/ ehu truong, chinh sach phdt trien ndng thdn, ndng nghiep, ndng ddn vd dae biet Id Chuong trinh qu&c gia xay dung ndng thdn mdi nhiing nam gan day thi vai trd cila giao due vd ddo tao lai cdng dupe coi trgng, Dieu ndy dupe the hien rat rd he thong 19 tieu chi hien hdnh, cd 02 tidu chi gdn vdi linh vue gido due vd ddo tao {tieu chi so 5, 14), Xet tCr nhieu gdc dp cho thay, gido due vd ddo tao vira Id dau ra, tiie Id phdn dnh ket qua cua vide thuc hidn muc tieu xdy dung ndng thdn mdi, vi du nhu viee dat cdc tieu chi ndi tren Tuy nhien, gido due vd ddo tao lai la dau vao, tiic la dieu kien de thuc hien cdc muc tieu xay dung ndng thdn mdi neu nhu Ilnh vuc ndy cd su chuyen bien tich cue se gdp phan vdo ndng cao dan tri, trinh dp, khd nang thuc hien edc muc tieu khdc ve kinh te, van hda, xd hdi., THUC TliN GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRONG XAY DUNG NONG THON MOI Tiep can giao due: Theo Bdo cdo cua Ngan hdng The gidi, nhCrng bien doi kinh te xd hdi tu sau Doi mdi da cd dnh hudng manh me den ty Id di hpc cua hpc sinh d mpi cap Nhung neu so sdnh giua cdc nhdm hoc sinh d khu vuc thdnh thi, thude nhdm thu nhdp eao, thude nhdm ddn tdc chiem da sd, vung Dong i m i NongthMiMga Ky Thang 5/2014 bang sdng Hdng vd Duyen hdi thudng ed ty le di hoc cao hon nhiing nhdm hge sinh cdn lai, Vi du, ty le di hpc bac trung hge thdng la 65% d6i vdi hpc sinh ndng thdn nhung len tdi 79% ddi vdi hpc sinh thdnh thi Diiu ndy ed nghia la ca hdi hge trinh cao hon Clia hpc sinh khu vuc ndng thdn cdn thap Ctf sd vat chat, tang giao due: Day la mot nhung tieu chi quan trgng 19 tieu ehi xdy dung ndng thdn mdi md Ddng va Nhd nude quan tam thuc hipn thdi gian qua, Co sd vdt chdt - tdng gido due ed vai trd quan trpng vao viec ndng cao hoc van, trinh dd, ky ndng cho ngudi dan d khu vuc ndng thdn, tao nen tang quan trpng de ngudi dan chuyen doi nghe nghidp theo hudng tdng nang suat, gid tri kinh te, giam sde lao ddng He thdng giao due dugc tdng budc xdy dung theo chuan va xa hdi hod Quy md, mang lu6i trudng, ldp hpc d viing ndng thdn tiep tue tang len Trong ndm qua, dd xay mdi them 198 trudng trung hpc thdng; xdy dung bo sung 25.794 phdng hge mam non, 39.480 phdng hpc eho tiiu hpc, 21.899 phdng hoc cho THCS, 5.018 phdng hoe cho THPT; tre em di nha tre tdng 15,8% so vdi nam 2008; tre em di mdu giao tang 11,4% so vdi ndm 2008 He thong trudng thdng ddn tdc ndi tru ngdy dupe hoan thien, da dap ling dupc - 12% hoc sinh ddn tdc vao hpc tai ede trudng thdng ddn tdc ndi tru Cd NGHIEN CLfU TRAD DDI dugc nhiing thdnh tuu ndi tren mdt phan Id ehinh sach hpc phi, hd trg hge sinh em dong bdo dan tdc, mien nui, chinh sach cho vay von de hge tap duge dieu chinh tao thuan lgi cho hoe sinh, sinh vien ttr cdc vung ndng thdn Tinh d i n 2013, cd nude da dat dupc 21,16% ty Id xa dat chuan due vd khd nang dap dng nhu cau hoc tap cua ngudi dan khu mic ndng thdn Ket qua giao due: Khd cd the ddnh gid day du ve kit qud gido due d ndng thdn hien vi ed rat nhieu tieu ehi khac Tuy nhien, xet d khia canh md Chuong trinh mue tieu xay ve trudng hge theo quy dinh eua tieu chi xay dung ndng thdn mdi (ty Id trudng hpc edc cap: Mam non, mdu gido, tieu hoc, trung hpc CO sd cd vdt chat dat ehuan quoc gia) Phdn theo khu vuc kinh te xd hdi cho thay Dong bang sdng Hong chiem t^ Ip xd dat chuan eao nhdt (35,35%), tiep den la khu vue Bae Trung bd vd Duyen hdi midn Trung (24,69%), khu vuc trung du mien mil phia Bac (17,54%), khu vue Dong bdng Sdng Ciiu Long (12,93%), thip nhat khu vuc Tay Nguyen {8,53%) va Ddng Nam bd (11,69%) Nhu vdy, so vdi mat bang chung thi vdn cdn nhieu khu vue ty le xa d^t chuan d tieu chi trudng hpc cdn rat thap, it nhiiu dnh hudng den chat lupng giao dung ndng thdn mdi de cap cho thay, tinh d i n ndm 2010, 100% cac tmh, da co ban dat chuan cdp gido due trung hoe CO sd, Muc tieu cap gido due trung hge' dang duge thue hien d nhQng noi cd dil dieu kien Tinh chung eho ede dia phuong dd dat chuan ve tieu chi gido due (Tieu chi 14: Pho cap gido due trung hpc, ty le hpc sinh tot nghiep trung hoc ca sd dugc tiep tuc hoc trung hpc ph6 thdng, bo tuc, hoe nghe vd ty le lao ddng qua ddo tao) xdy dung ndng thdn mdi hien Id 6,71% Chia theo cdc khu vue ed nude cd the thay rang, khu vuc Dong bdng sdng Hong chiem t^ id dat chu^n eao nhlt (14,44%), tiep den la khu vue Ddng Nam bp (12,32%), Dong bdng sdng Ciiu Long (5,31%), khu vuc B5e Trung bd vd Duyen hai mien trung (5,15%) Thdp nhat la khu vuc Trung du mien niii phia Bac (3, 21%) va Tay Nguyen (3,85%) pham vi cd nude cung nhu chia theo cdc khu vuc thi tieu chi ve ket qud giao due ndy edn khd thap Neu chia cu the theo cdc tieu ehi thdnh phan thi hdu nhu cdc dia phuong mdi dat duge cac chi tieu ve cap gido due trung hoc co sd, cac tieu ehi ve phan lulng sau trung hpc eo sd va co cau lao ddng qua ddo tao rat khd dat, dde biet Id d cdc khu vuc ndng thdn gap nhieu khd khan nhu mien nui, vung sau, viing xa, Cdc tieu chi ndy cd tam quan trgng dac biet viec thuc hien muc tieu xay dung ndng thdn mdi bdi thuc hien dugc cdc tieu chi ndy se gdp phan nang cao chat lugng nguon nhan luc (pho thdng, ed ky ndng) d khu vue ndng thdn Dao tao ph^t triln nhan hie it ndng tbon: Ddo tao phdt trien nhdn lue eho khu vuc ndng thdn dugc xem la mdt nhung khdu dot phd nham thuc day qua trinh chuyen dieh ndng thdn, dd cd chuyen dieh co clu lao ddng, vide lam, CO cau ngdnh nghi Chinh vi vdy, Ddng vd Nhd nude da ed nhieu van bdn, chinh sach quan trpng doi ven cdng tdc ndy, cu the la thuc hien De dn Dao tao nghe eho lao dong ndng thdn d i n giai doan 2011-2020 Trong hon nam thuc hien De dn dao tao n g h i eho lao ddng ndng thdn da ed hon 1,4 trieu lao dgng duge ddo tao nghe, dd 78,9% ngudi lao ddng cd vide Idm mdi hodc tiep tue lam nghi cii vdi nang suit, thu nhdp cao ban so vdi trude duoc ddo tao; tren 200.000 lupt edn bd, edng ehiic cap xd da duoc ddo tao, tap huan Cdc trudng K n Thang 5/2Q14 H6ngth6nN/lg5l I H I NGHIEN CLAJ T R A O DOI dgi hge da xet tuyin hdng ngdn sinh vien tai 125 huyen ngheo Tay Nguyen vd mien niii vdo cae chuyen ngdnh ndng nghiep De dn thi diem dua 600 tri thiic tre vl ndng thdn cd kit qua t o t Mac dii vay cho den nay, eo cau lao ddng chuyen dieh cham, ty le lao ddng ndng nghiep cdn cao; phan Idn ngudi rdi bd ndng nghiep, ndng thdn Id lao ddng tre lam cho tuoi binh quan cua lao ddng ndng nghiep tang len, ty le lao ddng dupc ddo tao cdn thap, so dugc ddo tao nam qua ehi bdng 4,1% ting s6 lao ddng nong thdn, 3,1% lao ddng ndng nghiep Tinh den 2013, ty le lao ddng d ndng thdn duae ddo tao chuyen mdn ky thuat mdi chi chiem 13,4%, dd mdi cd 8,4% lao dgng ndng thdn dupe ddo tao qua cdc trudng nghi tii trung cap den cao dang nghe Trinh dd chuyen mdn cao dang, dai hoc eung ehi ehiem 3,2% Chat lupng dao tao nhieu noi ehua cao Cd tdi 83% so ngudi thiiu viec 1dm sinh sdng d khu vue ndng thdn Nhdm thilu viec lam nhieu nhat d khu vuc ndng thdn la nhdm tuoi 15-19 va nhdm lao ddng gidn don thieu kinh nghidm vd khdng cd chuyen mdn ky thuat Vdi tinh trang chat lupng nguin nhdn luc d khu vue ndng thdn nhu hien nay, neu khdng dupe tich cue cdi thien thi khdng chi khd khan cho phdt trien ndng ngiiiep md cdn la rao can tiln trinh cdng nghiep hod, hien dai hod dat nude ndi chung Mdt didu dat niia Id vdi khodng 70% lao ddng eua cd nude dang sinh song d khu vuc ndng thdn neu khdng dupc quan tdm ddo tao thi ca hdi "dan so vdng" se bi bd Id Hdu qua la sau giai doan ndy, luc lugng ddn sd dp tuoi lao ddng se I I H N6iigth6n\/lg|| Ky Thane 5/2014 bi gid hda dong thdi vdi vide thilu ky ndng, trinh dp, luc lugng lao ddng mdi lai it se gdy khd khan doi vdi ngudi lao ddng vd tao ganh ndng eho he thong an sinhxd hdi MOT S6 KHUYDN NGHI CHiNH SACH Ve tdng cudng tiep edn gido due: Tilp tuc thuc hien cdc chinh sdch hd trp kinh phi sdeh giao khoa eho hoe sinh thude doi tugng nghdo vd sinh boat phi cho hpc sinh cac trudng ndi tni de hd trg, ndng cao kha nang tiep edn gido due Duy tri va phat huy ede chinh sdeh tin dung cho gido due (vay uu ddi vdi lai suat thap) doi vdi hpc sinh, sinh vidn khu vue ndng thdn tiep can vdi he thing gido due nghe nghiep, trinh eao (edc trudng nghe, trung cap, cao dang, dai hge) Ndng cao nh^n thiic cho ngudi dan ve vai trd ciia viee di hpc va tao mpi dieu kidn dl em d khu vge ndng thdn dugc den trudng vd cd co hdi phdt trien, gdp phan chuan bi nguon nhan luc cho tuong lai, dac biet d nhung khu vue cdn khd khdn, trinh dan tri nhieu ban ehe Ve phat trien eo sd tang gido due: Doi vdi khu vue ndng thdn khd khan can xay dung, phat trien mang lucrt ede trudng ndi tru, trung hpc co sd, trung hpc thdng (theo cum xd) eho cdc huyen vLing nui khd khdn (khu vuc Trung du va Mien nui phia Bde, khu vue Tdy Nguyen), Tilp tuc dau tu kinh phi eho kien cd hod phdng hge (dat chuan) d khu vuc ndng thdn chua hodn Vd ndng cao chdt lugng gido due thdng: Tang cudng han nua viec ndng cao chdt lugng gido due thdng ndng thdn nham dap dng hon nua nhu cau chuyen dieh d khu vue nay, gan gido due nha trudng vdi thuc tiln boat dOng sdn xuat, ndng eao kien thiic, ky ndng eho ngucri hpc, dde biet la edc ky ndng xa hdi, khd nang ttiieh ilng vd thi^c hidn nghia vu cong ddn cua hoc sinh Dau tu phat trien dpi ngQ gido vien, CO sd vdt chat, doi mdi phuong phap day hge nhdm ndng eao chit lugng giao due, tao co hdi eho hpc sinh tilp tuc hoc t?p d trinh dp eao hon he thong gido due quoe dan Vl ddo t^o va phdt trien nhdn luc: Tao mpi diiu kien, khuyin khich ede thdnh phin kinh t l dugc tham gia vao qud trinh gido due, ddo tao; dac biet la ddo tao nghi, phdt triln viec 1dm nham gi^ quyet nhiing ban ehi hidn ve nhan lUe, dong thdi tranh thd tdn dung nhiing lgi the eiia giai doan "ddn so vdng" Tang cudng hon nua ddo tao nghe cho ndng dan vdi nhieu hinh thiie nhu tip huan, boi dudng kien thiie qua trung tdm hpc tap cpng dong tai thdn; qua ede md hinh mlu cila chuong trinh khuyen ndng; dao tao, boi dudng tai he thdng cdc trudng chuyen nghidp D^y manh ban nda cdng tdc dao tao cho nhdm nien, giup bp chuIn bi san dieu kien chuyen doi nghe nghiep ddp ling nhu cau chuyin doi, dac biet coi trpng day nghe, ngoai ngii, ky ndng giao tiep, ky luat lao ddng.,.a Tdi lieu tham khdo ciiinh - Bdo cdo Sa kit OS ndm thifc hien Npi\ quyk Trung uang Khoa X vi ndng nghidp, ndng dan, ndng thdn ciia Ban cU dao Tnmg uang (2014) - Nghi quyk s6 24/2008/NQ-CP 28 ikdng 10 nam 2008 ciia Chinh phu ban hdnh Chuong trinh hdnh dong cua Cklnh phii thuc hien Nghi quyit so 26-NQjTWx&c dinh nhiem vu xdy dung "Chuong trinh muc tiiu Quoc gia vi xay dang ndng (Aon mdi - Ngdn hdng The 'gidi (2011) Vtft nam ndng cao chat luong gido dtfc cho moi ngUdi cho den ndm 2020 Tap II Hd Noi - Nguyen Vdn Ckiin vd Tran Thi Thdt Hd (2012) Qua trinh chuyin dm ca cau kitA ti vd nh^g vdn de dat vdi chat luong gido due khu vUc ndng thdn nudc ta Tap chi Khoa hoc gido due, sS 85, thdng 10/2012 ... tdc ndy, cu the la thuc hien De dn Dao tao nghe eho lao dong ndng thdn d i n giai doan 2011-2020 Trong hon nam thuc hien De dn dao tao n g h i eho lao ddng ndng thdn da ed hon 1,4 trieu lao dgng