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DAY HOC Ml THUAT 6 TRlTdNG PHO THONG THED HirUNG PHAT TRIEN KHA NANG SANG TAO CUA HOC SINH TS, N G U Y I N T H U T U A N '''' Doimoiphuong phap day hpc {PPDH)n6i Chung va PPDH MTthuat (IVIT) noi rieng th[.]
DAY HOC Ml THUAT TRlTdNG PHO THONG THED HirUNG PHAT TRIEN KHA NANG SANG TAO CUA HOC SINH TS, N G U Y I N T H U T U A N ' D oimoiphuong phap day hpc {PPDH)n6i Chung va PPDH MTthuat (IVIT) noi rieng theo huong phattrien nang luc sang tao (ST) cua hpc sinh {HS)danglayeu cau cap thiet cua sunghiepGD-OT, la mpt nhutig muc tieu cua giao due Viet Nam iiiennay,Tutudngchijdaocua PPDH hien dai doi vdi bp mon MT la phat huy tinh tich cue, dpc lap suy nghT, tim toi, ST a HS Tinh ST tao hinh d tre em Su ST cua tre thucrng mang tinh tong hpp cua nhieu linh vuc nhutri tue, tinh cam, y chi, dae biet la ti/ong tupng ST, So voi ngudi Idn, tri thiic va kinh nghiem cua tre cdn it di, vi vay sang tac, tre it nghien ngam lau ve tac pham cua minh ma phan Idn sang tac lien mgt mach, Tre giai quyet nhu cau ST cua minh rat nhanh chdng Day chinh la diem khac biet rd net nhat cua qua trinh ST nghe thuat giiia tre nho vdi ngudi Idn la hpa sT Dieu that d l hieu ehung ta quan sat tre cac gid hpc ve a tren Idp: cho du giao vien (GV) hudng d i n each ve rat bai ban, theo cac budc tien hanh rat cu the, nhung dau dd Idp van cd nhung em ve theo "each cam", each nghT rat rieng cua minh, khdng theo khudn mau dinh trudc Mpt bai ve the hien khong giong hien thuc cua thue te, khong b i t chudc, rap khuon theo cai cd s i n , khong lam ttieo each thdng thudng da cd - nhu vay da dupc coi la mdi, la ST doi vdi liia tuoi cac em Muc tieu d^y hoc MT d t r u d n g p h o t h o n g D?y hpc MT dtrudng phd'thdng lay giao due tham micho HS lam muc dich chinh, tao dieu kien cho cac em tiep xiic va lam quen vdi nghe thuat thi giac Day MT cho HS khdng phai la day cac em cd kl nang thuan thycdeve dupc mptvat nao dd mpt each chinh xac khong phai la day HS b i t chudc, ve gid'ng thay dung nhu thay - ma tn/de tien, phai giao dye tfiam m i cho tre, cung caip eho cac em nhung hieu biet ve eai dep cua cudc sd'ng tren eo sd dd day eho tre nhung (ki 1-6/2013)- each lam ST, tao cai dep bing kha nang va su thii cua chinh minh Day hpc MT d trudng phd'thdng la "cung cap, cho HS mptsdklen thiic CO ban v e M T , phattrien kha nang tu ST cho cac em, giiip HS cam nhan dupc cai dep, tap tao eai dep va van dyng hieu biet ve cai dep vao hpctap, vao sinh hoat hang cung nhu eho cdng viec mai sau" (1), Bay chinh la eo sd viing ehlc de vun d i p eho tai nang ST cua tre dupc phattrien Day hoc MT phattrien kha nang ST cho HS 1) Ren luyen cho HS phat trien tri tuong tugng: Tri tudng tupng la pham ehatquan trpng tuduy ST Thieu tri tudng tupng HS khdng hinh dung dupc cdng viec se lam, phai lam; va ket qua cua nd la eac em khong biet bat dau edng viec tii dau Tri tudng tupng "giup ngudi dua nhiSig ytudng mdi chua cd thuc te nhung dua tren cac yeu to cd thuc" (2) Do vay, GV can ren luyen eho HS phat trien tri tudng tupng de cac em dua dupc nhiing y tudng mditrong bai ve eua minh D e phat trien tri tudng tupng va kha nang ST tham m l eho cae em, ngdn ngiiva hanh vibieu cam cua GV cung nhu viec su dung tranh ve hinh anh minh hpa gidday MT can dupe chu y (G V ed the neu nhiing cau hdi mang tinh gpi mdde HS suy nghT, nhan xet ve ndi dung bai hpc, phat huy cao dp su ddng nao cua cae em Trong khidua tranh hoae anh ra, GV phai biet phan tich, nhan xet, danh gia; thdng qua diing day hpc phai ehi dupc trpng tam va yeu cau ndi dung cua bai day) 2} Ren luyen cho HS phuang phap tu Sr;Day cho HS biet each tuduy ST "khdng chf nhlm hinh d cac em kha nang tai hien cac hinh anh, ma cdn nhlm boi dudng kha nang ddc lap xay dung hinh tupng mdi, phat trien d cac em kha nang hoat * Khoa N^^ tbpat - TnTomg Dai lipc sir pham Ha Npi Tap chi Gido due so 311 53 ddng ST" (3) Phucrng phap cd tac dung kich thieh manh me su hoat ddng cua tu va tudng tucmg Neu khdng cd phucrng phap tu dung, HS khd cd the ed dupc eac y tudng mdi, hoae neu cd thi chi la cac ytudng ngheo nan, thieu tinh mdime.De lam dupc viec nay, G V can tich cue huy ddng toan bp vd'n kinh nghiem cua HS, hudng cac em vao viec giai quyet nhiem vu mdi Cac bai tap dua can yeu cau HS phaiquan sat, tim kiem, phat hien, siia chiia, tim nhi^g phucrng phap giai quyet nhiem vy tao hinh mdi, tao eho eac em kha nang the hien ndi dung theo y minh Vi vay, phai coitrpng viec phattrien tuduy ST, chu y ren luypn phuong phap tu khoa hpc ddc lap, ST cho HS Mud'n kich thich HS tuduy, GV phai biet each dua npi dung bai hpc vao "tinh hud'ng edvan de" va to chiic eho HS dpc lap, ST giai quyet "tinh hud'ng cd van de" OeHS phathuy dupc tinh ST, "can tao mdita/cflig tham ml cho cac em - mdi tnidng cua cai dep; can cho HS dupe tiep xue vdi nhieu loai chat lieu khac Khi ve, cae em dupc tu the hien tinh cam, cam xuc cua minh bai ve, ludn ti; tin vao kha nang dien ta cua minh; cac em khdng bj GV ap dat, gd ep theo khudn m l u dinh trudc" (3) Tinh ST cac bai ve cua cac em phu thupc kha nhieu vao su hUOTig d i n , gpi mdcua G V, phu thupc vao each thiic sii dyng cac phuong tien day hpc cua G V nham boi dudng cho HS kha nang ST cal dep, giup cac em n l m vung mdt so kien th lie ve tao hinh eung nhu cac ki nang, kT xao tao hinh can thiet, va dan dan hinh cho cac em nang luc ST nghethuat GV phai la ngudi d i n d i l , djnh hudng eho eac em biet suy nghT, tim tdi, kham pha the gidi ty nhien kl dieu, va qua dd kham pha chinh ban than minh Od la nhiing dieu GVMT can nghien ciiu, tim hieu de bd'sung vao khd'i kien tiiiic eua minh giang day bd mdn MT, 3) Biet tao thii va niem say me hgc tap cho WS.'Trong day hpc MT, viee khffi day hiing thu hpc tap cho HS la vd cung can thiet, Cho du GV cd dau tu vao bai day de'n dau, cd dd'i mdi PPDH den may, neu khdng cd su say me, khdng ed thu cua HS thi gid hpc cung khdng ed ketqua cao Ngupc lai, neu cd thu hoc tap, HS se tieh cue, chu dpng ST bai ve cua minh Vi vay, tao dupc hiing thii cho HS - dd chinh la ccr sd de phat huy tinh ST, la dpng luc thiic day eac em vuon len lam chu kien thiic cua minh va dat ket qua cao hpc t?p 54 Tap chi Gido dye so 311 Day MT cho HS, "dieu quan trpng nhat la khoi day dupc d tre Idng ham thich tai hien mdt de tai ma cac em yeu thich" (3) Mud'n vay, GV can kich thich, khcfi gpi de HS hinh dung dupc nhung vat, canh vat, vat ngudi ma em yeu thich Sau dd, GV khich le, ddng vien them de eac em_ cd hiing thu mong mdi dupc tai hien de tai dd b i n g cam xuc cua minh Trong gid hoc, G V can tao dupe khdng hpc tap sdi nd'i, hao hiing cho cac em; HS dupc tu trao doi, chia se nhiing suy nghT, tinh cam cua minh vdi ban, vdi thay, cd Can tap cho HS biet each dat eau hdi eung nhu biet tim cau tra ldi hay qua trinh hpc t^p; biet tranh lu|n ve nhiing van de chuyen mdn; biet bie'u dat tu t u ^ g ciia minh; biet chinh II, hoan thien nhiing suy nghT cua ban than Chinh su trao doi, chia se, tranh luan, phan bae hoae bao ve y kien rieng cua mdi ca nhan dupc khdixudng la dieu kien thuan Ipl de sinh ST hpc tap cua HS Phat huy tinh tich cue, ddc lap suy nghT, tim tdi, ST cua HS la tu tudng chu dao cua phuong phap day hpc hien dai dd'i vdi bp mdn MT, Mud'n thuyet phyc va Idi cud'n dupc HS say me, hiing thti hpc tap, tao su hap d i n dae biet gid hpc, GV MT phai tim cho minh PPDH thich hpp de tiet d?y dat hieu qua eao, lam cho eac em cam nhan dMc cai dep va bie't phat huy tri tudng tupng, ST cua minh detao nhieu baive d e p • (1) Bo GD-DT Chmmg trinh Mi thudt trung hpc cff s* NXB Gido due, H 2002 (2) Duy Lap Phdt tri^n tri tiro'ng turnig vd sdng tgo cua tre em NXB Thanh niin, H 2008 (3) D^ng Thi Bich Ngan Phinmg phdp d?y Ml thu^t cho thi^n nhi NXB Vdn hda thdng tin H 2005 SUMMARY The main purpose of teaching Art at middle school is to educate students about the importance of artistic values and provide them some fundamental knovdedge about the Art By doing this, it could also teach them how to perceive and create the beauty by using their own creativity: students would develop their flexibility, independent thinkingand theirinqulslUve ability: applying their knowledge about the beauty to their studying, to their daily activiUes as well as for their future Is another significant benefit Subsequently, this is the stabilized basic element to promote effectively learners'creativity -(kil-6/2013) ... nhi^g phucrng phap giai quyet nhiem vy tao hinh mdi, tao eho eac em kha nang the hien ndi dung theo y minh Vi vay, phai coitrpng viec phattrien tuduy ST, chu y ren luypn phuong phap tu khoa hpc... xuc cua minh bai ve, ludn ti; tin vao kha nang dien ta cua minh; cac em khdng bj GV ap dat, gd ep theo khudn m l u dinh trudc" (3) Tinh ST cac bai ve cua cac em phu thupc kha nhieu vao su hUOTig... luan, phan bae hoae bao ve y kien rieng cua mdi ca nhan dupc khdixudng la dieu kien thuan Ipl de sinh ST hpc tap cua HS Phat huy tinh tich cue, ddc lap suy nghT, tim tdi, ST cua HS la tu tudng