THirC VEM CtAO D«C KINH NGHIEM TRIEN KHAI CHIfllNG TRiNH GIAO OUC SONG NGff DUA TREN TIENG ME DE GUA T I N H l i o GAI TRUONG KIM MINH* 1 Lao Cai la mdt tinh cd25 nhom dan tpc, dan tgc thieu so(DTTS)[.]
THirC VEM CtAO D«C KINH NGHIEM TRIEN KHAI CHIfllNG TRiNH GIAO OUC SONG NGff DUA TREN TIENG ME DE GUA T I N H l i o GAI T R U O N G KIM M I N H * Lao Cai la mdt tinh cd25 nhom dan tpc, dan tgc thieu so(DTTS) chiem ti Ip kha cao (64,09%) Trong cacDTTS.dantgcH'Mdngchiem 22,21%.thudngcu tniddpcao tu800-1500m so vdi myc nude bien tap trung ehu yeu dcae huyen Simaeai, Bae Ha Sa Pa, Mudng Khuong Bat Xat Dan tdc H' Mdng cd tieng noi vachuvi^ rieng Vao nam 1961, phuong an chuMdng theo tu dang Latin da duqc ehinh phu Viet Nam phe chuali (cy the: bp ehuduge xay dung theo nganh Ngu am Mdng Lenh Sa Pa - Lao Cai) cd bd'sung them mot so am vj cua eae nganh Mdng khae, gdm 59 phy am (c6 am vi phy am cua nganh Mong ^a va iVIdng Sua), 28 van, VI dan tpc Mong co tieng noi va chdviet rieng, hon nua cpng dong ngudi Mong thudng swig quan ty vdl tung thdn, ban nen tre em va ngudlldn thudng giao tie^vdinhau bing tieng H'Mdng, it giao tiep bang Mng l//e/(TV) Do vay, tre mau giao 5-6 tuoi vao Idp ehi biet it hoae khdng biet TV, cae em gap rat nhieu khd khan qua trinh hgc tap dtrudng.Degiup cac em khic phyc kho khan, trdngai v l ngon ngu, dong thdi de gid gin tieng ndi va chdviet, banslcvanhda,dantpccuangudlMdngcdmptphuong An mdide tSng eudng TV eho hpc sinh (HS) DTTS, Sd GD-DT Lao Cai va Trung tam nghien ciiu giao dye dan tpc -Vien Khoa hpc Giao dye Viet Nam da tochdc thidiemdaysongngd(SN)dyatrencosdtiengmede khudn khocua Bien tian ghi nhdgiua BdGD-DT vaUNICEF 15/8/2007 Vequy md thi diem: Chuong trinh trien khai vdi hai ddi tugng: tre mam non 5-6 tuoi va HS tieu hpc, d Tardng mam non (MN) Ban Phd, Trudng tieu hoc fTH) Ban Ph6(Ble Ha), Tardng MN Lao Chai Trudng TH Lao Chai (Sa Pa), Trudng MN Sin Cheng, TH Sin Chen^ (Si Ma Cai) vdi 181 HS Thuc tiln trien khai thi diem cho thay chuong trinh dugc thiet ke phu hgp phu hgp vdi HS ngudi H' Mdng (cadMN vaTH) Vdi vipe thiet ke khoa hgc, cd tinh md, d l day ddi vdi giao vien (GV), phu hgp vdi yeu cau doi mdi PPDH, hoan canh cua GV va HS dcae ta/dng viing cao Cy the, chuong trinh SN bao gom: _ - Tieng^ me de: (viet tit la L1): Dugc hpe dpe, hpe viet, viet tieng me de trude het la nhu eau rat tunhien va tha thiet ciia HS.sau nda la ctia cha me va cgng dong Day eung ehinh la thuan Igi dau tien eua viee trien khai chuong trinh - TV (L2): TV la m ye tieu cud'i ciing can dat ea quatrinh thue hanh SN kip 1, TV mdidat yeu cau nghe noi denhudng chd eho hgc dgc va tieng me de Ketqua mdn TV cho tha'y muc dd tuong dong vdi ket qua dpc, viet tieng me de So sanh ngi dung khao sat la tieng m e de (Ll) va tieng m e de tdt thi kha nang nghe noi TV eua eac em cung tot va nguge lai Liic b i t dau trien khai thi diem, vcri dpi ngu ngudi tri thde H' Mong hien eo eua tinh, eae chuyen giacd nhieu ban khoan, lo lang ve kha nang giang day tieng H'Mong cua GV, nhung sau ket thiie hge ki va ket thiic nam hoe vdi su hd trg kip thdi ciia cae chuyen gia ve phuong phap, kTthuat DH, eae G V da dugc nang cao nang luc DH, bao dam DH cdchat lutmg va hieu qua Dd'i vdi HS, eae em khdng thy dgng, ghi nhd may mdc ma ra't vui ve, chu dgng tu tin tham gia cae hoatdpng hpctap dudi su to chdc hudng d i n eua GV Cac gid hgc nhe nhang, hieu qua va than thien, tao cho HS htitig thu hge tap (chuong trinh nghien ciiu thue hanh SN cothe nhan thay rd la HS thich tdi trudng, thich di hpc) tardng, HS td manh dan, tutin giao tiep va eae hoat ddng hpe tap, vui choi Rd rang, khdng ed rao can ngdn nguxuat hien nen mdi tardng hgc tap mdi da cd nhdng tac dgng tieh cue den trang thai tam li, tinh cam ctia HS ivldi tn/dng, khdng kifp hge khdng cd gi khac biet so vdi ldp HS ngudi Kinh hge TV d nhung vung thuan kJi So sanh2 npidung khao sat la tiengmede(L1)va TV (L2) dau va dau vao cua 181 HS eua huyen cho thay: - Tren ea ITnh vi/c tre hpc tai cac ldp giao due song ngiI{GDSH) deu dugc phattrien vdi ket qua hon h i n so vdi dau nam Nhan thde eua tre duoc ' Sd Giao due -fiaotao Lao Cai Tap chi Gido due so 310 | 47 (ki 2-5/2013)- nang len rd ret va kha toan dien; - Ca hai ngdn ngu (Ll va L2) eua tre phat trien kha dong deu Nhan thuc ciia can bo, G V va cong dong ve GDSN Can bpquan Ii giao dye, GV tin tudng viec ap dung GDSN vac DHse nang eao chat lugng hge tap;tai lieu da dang phong phti dap dng nhu eau DH, tre duge GV hudng d i n hgc tap vui choi b i n g ehinh tieng me de eua minh Dieu quan trpng la Idp hpe G V ndi gi tre nghe duge, tre ndi gl GV nghe dugc, co va trd hieu Phu huynh va cdng dong thay eon em minh duoc hpe bang tieng cua dan tdc minh va ea TV; ed day tre cOng su dyng SN; tre di hge ve nhanh nhen, hoat bat vi vay rat yen tam Mgtphy huynh HS ndi: "Mdng va thay thieh vi eon tdi hatdugc tieng Mong, kechuyen dan tgc, an mac ve sinh thay cd day; thaiy hat dugc ea tieng dan tgc vaTV, biet duge ehueai, eon toi dpedugeehuroi.Con thieh dihgc, khdng mud'n dnha vi trudng vui hon; tha'y biet nhieu hon tre Ic^ khac day, biet ea sd nua, giu gin vp sinh eiing khac, biet ban, biet sach biet gid gin ve sinh, nhanh nhen hon, biet nhieu thd llm" Tuy nhien, cae bae phy huynh van ban khoan la hpc tieng mede len TH treed the hpe bing TV hay khdng Dieu eho tha'y cd mpt sdphy huynh chua hieu roveGDSN Nhirng ban khoan da dugegiai dap vdi ketqua hpe tap cuoi nam 2011 -2012: Idp 2: ti Ip kha gidi: 59%; tmng binh: % ; Idp 3: kha gidi la 61,3%; taing binh: 38,7%; yeu: 0%; Ve hanh kiem: 100% HS duge xep loai thue hien day du Thuc hien chuong trinh SN da xuat hien nhieu G V gidi, trdthanh cdt can tap huan eho dong nghiep nhu: Thao A Giang, Chau A Tau, Nguyin Thi Le Quyen, Hoang Thi Phuong, Vang Thj Minh , Hieu tardng Trudng TH Lao Chai Tran Thi Thoa dugc cdng nhan lahieutardnggioitoan quoc vdi sang kien tangcudng TV cho HS dan tgc Mdng thong qua GDSN tren eo sdtiengmede ,dugcPhdchutjch nude Nguyin Thj Doan nggi khen Nhimg ket qua da dat dugc cho thay, trien vgng cong ciia chuong trinh tai Lao Cai, dong thdi vipc trien khai thi diem da nhan dugc su ung hg, quan tam chf dao ciia cac cap uy Dang, ehinh quyen, suddng thuan ctia cha me HS, GV va eac trudng MN.TH Mdt so kinh nghiem dugc riit tix cugc thi diem cong - Lap kehoach trii'n khar Day la bude khdi dau 48 Tap chi Gido due so 310 nhung rat quan trgng vi nd dam bao cho qua trinh tnen khai dat duge ket qua, tranh viec thy dgng chay ttieo cae cong viec ciia qua trinh trien khai - Ltia chon trudng, top, G V: Viec lua ehgn Irudng phai dam bao cd100%HSngudiH'Mdng.Cae tardng dugc ehgn phai cd it nhat2 kJp tai diem ta;dng chinh de trien khai mgt kjp day theo chuong trinh GDSN, ldp day theo chuong trinh dai tra lam cosddoi chdng ket qua cuoi nam T i ^ theo la lua chpn G V biet dgc va viet tieng Mdng - Kicam kit chat lugng va ban giao ehat luong: Thuc hien ki cam ket trach nhiem ddi vdi GVve dam bao chat lugng, hieu qua DH va ban giao chat lugng vao eudi nam hge ddi vdi ta/dng M N va trudng TH, GV Idp va GV Idp chuong trinh TH nhu chuong trinh dai tra - Tap huan G V: Ngoai viee tap huan tap tmng Tmng tam Nghien euu giao dye dan tgc td'chdc, trang suot nam hoc viec hd trg kTthuat, chia se ve phuong phap, kT thuat DH la rait can thiet de gitip GV thao hon ve thao tac,kTthuat DH Khdng nhungthe, can tien hanh kiem tra, khao sat, nghiem va doi chdng ket quatheo tdng giaidoan Sau kiem tra, khao sat CO ehl dao ey the tai chd de giaiquyet nhdng vudng mac, ton tai va nhdng khd khan dat Td'chdc tong ket, danh gia, nit kinh nghiem tiing Idp tiihg tn/dng, tdng huyen va toan tinh ket thiic hge ki I va ket thiie nam hgc Sau nam trien khai thi diem o M N va nim hgc trien khai d T H , ehiing toi nit nhung bai hgc kinh nghiem sau: - Can lam tot cong tae tham muu va bao eao day du,thudng xuyen tinh hinh, ketqua trien khai cho cap uy, chinh quyen cac cap, coi trpng viee tuyen tnjyen eho cha me HS va toan xa hdi de tgo dugcsu dong thuan, thdng nhat qua trinh thuc hi?n; • Ban ehl dao phai xay dung ke hoach va to' chdc thge hien theo diing ke hoach, phd'i hgp chat che, hieu qua vdi Tmng tam Nghien cdu giao dye dan tpc suot nam hgc thi diem o M N v a T H Cac cap quan li sd, phdng, ta/dng can ehi dao sat sao, cy th§', giai quyet va thao gd kjp thcri nhiJng vudng m I c , ton tai d tung tardng, kJp va tung van de; - Chii trgng lam tdt cdng tac boi dudng can bd, G V, eoi trgng viec huan luyen GV thao cae thao tae va kTthuat DH To ehuc tot viee dugid, chia se kinh nghiem eiia GV To ehue tham quan hgc tap kinh nghiem giua cae tardng tinh; - Xae dinh rd day ia chuong trinh thi diem, la mpttrong nhung giai phap quan trgng degiai quyet ~(ki2-5/2013) van de TV cho HS DTTS nen can trien khai nghiern tucdanh gia khach quan,c6ng bing, nghiem ddi ehung ket qua mgt each minh bach, cy the, chi tiet de danh gia diing hieu qua ciia chuong trinh da dugc tnen khai; - Tranh thu su ting hd, chi dao eua Bd GDOT, sugiiip dd hd tn?kTthuat eua Tmng tam Nghien cdu giao dye dan tgc va eac chuyen gia trung uong qua trinh thue hien; - GV tu nguyen ki cam ket chat luong va ban giao chat lugng, viee thuc hien ki cam kettrach nhiem doivdiGVvedam bao chat lugng, hieu qua DH va ban giao chat lugng vao cud'i nam hpc dd'i vdi tardng MN va trudng THnhueh uong trinh dai tra Mgt so'de xuat, kien nghj 1) Do'i vdi tochtfc UNICEF tiep tue dau tu eho GDSN va viing eddieu kien hpe chuong trinh SN 2) VdiBg GD-DT: Trien khai nhan rgng chuong trinh GDSN dua tren tieng me de d n h i ^ g noi ed nhieu HS dan toe tren eo sodieu tra eiia ban ngon ngu, vi day la chia khda de thue hign ddi mdi can ban va toan dipn GD vung dSn tpc; - Dua chuong trinh GDSN vaocacta/cmgsuphamdeGVvaSV supham tie^ can vdi GDSN; - Co chuong trinh, ke hoach boi dudng tieng dan tpc va PPDH SN cho CBQL va GV cae dia phuong thue hien GDSN Bdtri ti le GV kip hpe SN la GV/tdp (1 GV day tieng Mdng - ngudi Mdng, G V day TV) va che eho G V day SN 3) Vdi Hoi dong dan tgc Qud'c hoi Ung ho viec nhan rpng chuong trinh GDSN tren c o s d tieng me detren dien rgng dvung DTTS, n h l m nang eao chait lugngvahieuquaMN.TH;-ThiicdayUBND eae tinh thuc hien Nghj djnh sd82/2010/ND-CP 15/7/ 2010 cua Chinh phii veviec day tieng noi, chij'viet ciia DTTStrong cae c o s d giaodyc phd'thdngva giaodyc thudng xuyen, ddng thdi kien nghj Chinh phti bd'sung vipc hgc tieng ndi DTTS cho tre mau giao viing DTTS; •Thiic day eac cap nganh xem xet, dieu ehinh ehinh sach ho trg chi phi hgc tap theo quy dinh tai ND so 49/2010/ND-CP 14/5/2010 Trong dieu chinh ve thdi diem ehi tra tien h i trg ehi phi hgc tap cho eae doi tugng duge hudng vao thang nam trude (du thang) va thang nam sau (du thang) dephii hgp vdi hpc ki ciia nam hgc Dieu chinh co che chi tra: Thay vi chi tra eho HS, tren CO sd thdng nhat vdi me HS, ngudi giam hg va chdng kien ciia Ban dai dipn cha me HS; • Cd y kien vdi Chinh phii, cac bg, ban nganh cd lien quan thuoc chinh quyen dja phuong tang bien cheGV eho e a c c o s o G D S N viing DTTS dae biet kho khan, day ea vdi ti le GVtrenldp.Q Tai lieu tham khao Bo GD-DT "Ban idm t i t chircmg trinh nghien cihj thuc hanh giao due song ngiJ iren cascriiifng mv" tie: cai ihi§n binh dang vk thai luang giao due cho hpc •sinh dan tOc Viet Nam" H 2012 ViCn Khoa hpc Giao due Viei Nam - Trung tam nghien cuu dan Hie Bao cao hoi thao- "Kinh nghi§m v^ k^l qua gi^o dye song ngO iren cu sd tie'ng me de thAng qua nghien ciiu thirc hanh" H 2013 SUMMARY Lao Cai Is a province has 25 ethnic groups, of which the Hmongproportion of 22.21% Mangpeopie have iheir own spoken and written languages, more Hmong comm unity often live clustered together In each village children and adulls often communicate with each other tn the Mongolian language, rarefy communicate in English.Tbis causes them to face many difficulties in the learning process at school To help them overcome the difTiculties language barriers, cultural Identity preservation ethnic Lao Cai Department of Education and Tralningand the Vietnam Institute of Science Education held a pilot bilingual teaching based onbase language So far alter two years, has obtained the good results Phal trien ki nang thir (Tiep theo trang 46) Tai li^u tham khdo I http://www.dest.gov.au/archive/schooIs/Iileracy &numeracy/publications/lit4aIl.htm Strashurger VC "Adolescents and the Media" Medical and Psychological Impact Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage 1995 7> Brown JA Television "Critical Viewing Skills" Education: Major Media Literacy Projects in the United Stales and Selected Countries Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates 1991 SUMMARY Nowadays, any teachers or students oflanguages are all familiar with how to develop four skills: Listeningskill Speaking skill Reading skill and Writing skill to get belter results during teaching and studying process However, with the Informatics Era, there appears the filth skill: Viewing Skill In short article IJusi mention about what a viewing skill Is and bow to apply It during teaching and learning languages effectively Tap chi Giao due so 310 (ki 2-5/2013)- 49 ... tai Lao Cai, dong thdi vipc trien khai thi diem da nhan dugc su ung hg, quan tam chf dao ciia cac cap uy Dang, ehinh quyen, suddng thuan ctia cha me HS, GV va eac trudng MN.TH Mdt so kinh nghiem... tong ket, danh gia, nit kinh nghiem tiing Idp tiihg tn/dng, tdng huyen va toan tinh ket thiic hge ki I va ket thiie nam hgc Sau nam trien khai thi diem o M N va nim hgc trien khai d T H , ehiing... nghien cuu dan Hie Bao cao hoi thao- "Kinh nghi§m v^ k^l qua gi^o dye song ngO iren cu sd tie''ng me de thAng qua nghien ciiu thirc hanh" H 2013 SUMMARY Lao Cai Is a province has 25 ethnic groups,