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Phatti Van Hijng va Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 103(03) ''''85 89 D A N H G I A C H i r O N G T R I N H D A O T A O V A M O T S O D E X U A T V E B p T I E U C H U A N D A N H G I A C H l / O N G T[.]
Phatti Van Hijng va Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 103(03)'85-89 DANH GIA C H i r O N G TRINH D A O T A O VA M O T SO D E X U A T VE B p TIEU CHUAN DANH GIA C H l / O N G TRINH DAO TAO CUA VIET N A M Pham van Hiing', Nguyen Thj Thu Huong Dai li()c Thai Nguyen TOM T A T Hoat dpng danh gia chuang trinh d^o tao (CTDT) dang 1^ hoat dong duoc quan tam qu^ trinh dam bao chat lupng d^o tao trudng dai hpc Bai viet gidi thieu mot so khai niem danh gia CTDT, mpt so mo hinh dinh gia chat lucmg dao tao tren the gidi, c^c npi dung hen quan den CTDT dugc dSnh g i i cac Bo tieu chuan kiem djnh chat lupng dao tao tren the gidi va khu vuc, tir dua mpt so de xual viec xay dung bp tieu chuan dinh gia chung cho cac CTDT tai Viet Nam Tii- khoa' dam bdo chdl luang, ddnh gid, chuang trinh ddo lao lieu chudn lieu chi Sau Bd tigu chuan kigm dinh chat luong CO sd giao due dao lao dai hgc d d i , hang loat cac t r u d n g da trien khai hoat ddng rat tich cue va qua trinh eung mang lai nhieu lgi ich cho cac d o n vj Trong qua trinh trien khai hoat ddng nay, mdt van de dat la mac dil Bd tieu chuan kiem dinh c o sd dao tao dai hpc da cd nhiing lieu chuan danh gia C T D T va hoat dgng dao tao, cac kgt qua danh gia chua di sau vao chat lugng tirng c h u a n g trinh, nganh dao tao Do vay, viec trign khai danh gia C T D T la vigc can thigt Hien tren thg gidi CO rat nhieu Bd tieu chuan danh gia, kiem dinh CTDT, tac gia ciia bai viet xin gidi thieu long quan ve hoat ddng danh gia C T D T , mot sd md hinh danh gia, quan ly chat lugng va noi dung cua mdt sd bd tieu chuan trgn the gidi vdi mong mudn lam sang td vg noi dung cac Bg tieu chuan danh gia C T D T va dua hudng tiep can cho hoat d d n g danh gia C T D T nude MOT SO KHAI NIEM Chuang trinh la mgt loat c a c hoat ddng d u p e Ihuc hien vdi su hd t r o ciia cac ngudn Iuc nham dat duoc n h u n g m u c tigu cu the cho cac nhom khach hang da d u g c dinh san (Guiding Principles for Program Evaluatidn in Ontario •-•••.Health Units, 1997) Chuang trinh ddo tao bao gom hdi dung, c o cau td chii'c, chii'c nang, nhiem' vu'iMi cac hoat d6ng hgc thuat ciia m d t d a n ' ^ V f ^ & o tao (thudng la cdp khoa hoc bd m d ^ ' W V ^ ' ^ o c a ' Tel 01683 410168 Email vanhungkt@gmditcom cau td chuc ciia lung do'n vj) dang trign khai dg dao tao mdt nganh hgc mdt bac hoc nhat djnh (thudng d u g c ky hieu bang ma nganh) [ , trang 136] Ddnh gid chuang trinh la nhirng hoat dgng cd tinh he thdng, nam mdt tien trinh, cac hoal ddng nham kigm tra loan bg cac khia canh hay indt khia canh ciia chuo'ng trinh: dau vao cua c h u o n g trinh, cac hoat ddng thyc hien c h u a n g trinh, cac nhdm khach hang su dyng cliuang trinh, cac ket qua (cac dau ra) va lam thg nao de su dung cd hieu qua cac ngudn [yc [ 1, trang 76] Danh gia C T D T khdng thg xem la mot qua trinh d a n nhat, nd la tap hgp cac quy trinh co lien quan dgn cac giai doan khac xay d u n g va trign khai CTDT MOT SO MO HINH DANH GIA CHAT LUO'NG Hoal ddng danh gia chuong trinh da duoc trign khai tai rat nhieu qudc gia Bo tigu chuan dg danh gia C T D T dugc xay dung tren c a sd cac md hinh quan ly chat lugng va danh gia ch4t lugng cac c h u a n g trinh Mo hinh danh gia hieu qua C T D T ciia My dua vao ygu to; Dau vao (Inputs): bao gom cac ygu to lien quan dgn ngudi hoc (nhu trinh dp chung liic vao hpc, tudi, gidi tinh ,), Iuc luong giang vign, c o s d vat chat - may moc thiet bj, giao trinh, tai Heu hpc tap, kinh phi dao tao, Qud trinh dao tao (Activities): ke hoach to chuc dao tao, cac dich vy hd t r g hoc tap to chuc nghien cuu khoa hpc , 85 Pham van Hiing vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ Ddu (Outputs): miic tigp thu ciia ngudi hpc dgn tdt nghigp (kign thirc, ky nang, thai dg), ty Ic tdt nghiep Hieu qua (Outcomes) mirc dg tham gia vao xa hgi, mirc dg dap ung cdng vigc, mirc thu nhap Md hinh cac yeu to td chirc (Organizational Elements Model) dua nam yeu td dg danh gia nhu sau: Ddu vdo: sinh vign, giang vien, ca sd vat chat, chuong trinh dao tao quy che, tai chinh , Qud trinh ddo tao: phuang phap va quy trinh dao tao, quan ly dao lao Kel qua ddo tao: mirc dp hoan khda hoc, nang Iuc dat dugc va kha nang thich irng ciia smh vign Ddu ra: sinh vign tdt nghiep, kgt qua nghien ciiu va cac djch vu khac dap ung nhu cau kinh t e - x a hdi Hieu qua kgl qua ciia giao due va anh hudng CLia nd ddi vdi xa hdi (3, trang 260] Md hinh Kirkpatrtck gdm bdn mirc danh gia hieu qua dao tao Nhirng muc cd thg dugc ap dyng cho sy dao tao theo hinh thuc iruygn thdng hoac dua vao cdng nghe hien dai bao gdm: Su phan hoi cua nguai hoc (Students' Reaction): ngudi hoc dugc ygu cau danh gia chuang trinh dao tao sau kgl thuc khda hgc nhirng gi ma hp nghT va cam nhan dao tao, ve cau triic, ngi dung, phuong phap chuang trinh dao tao Nhan thuc (Learning Results)- Mirc hai ket qua nhan thirc, danh gia xem hpc vign cd hpc dugc nhiing kign thirc, ky nang va thai dg nhu myc tigu ciia chuang trinh dao tao dal ra? Hdnh vi (Behaviour in the Workplace): su thay ddi, su tien bg vg thai dg ITnh vuc nghe nghiep Mdt each ly tudng, su danh gia ngn thuc hien tir ba dgn sau thang sau ket Ihiic CTDT, bdi vi thdi gian qua lau thi hgc sinh CO CO hdi bd sung nhung ky nang mdi va du lieu danh gia khdng the hien dugc digu can danh gia Ket qua (Business Result): nhirng hieu irng, tac ddng dgn doanh nghiep tii' chuang trinh 103(03): 85 - Md hinh quan ly chat lugng cFQM dugc cac nude thugc cgng ddng chung Chau Au sir dyng lam md hinh danh gia chat lugng CTDT theo Chu trinh Deming bao gdm: Lgp he hogch (Plan): dd cac chu digm duge quan tam la lanh dao, tam nhin, su mang, nhan sy, cac nguon lye Trien khai (Do)- Bao gdm cac qua trinh thyc hign Kiem tra (Check): Bao gom cac dieu tra, danh gia, khao sat vg viec thyc hign sir mang, myc tigu ciia chuang trinh, su hai long ciia cac ben lign quan Hdnh dpng (Act): Cac qua trinh cai thien chat lugng tir cac thdng lin phan hdi thu duoc ve CTDT va cae qua trinh quang ba chucmg trinh cdng chung Trgn ca sd cac md hinh quan ly chat lugng nay, cac Bd tieu chuan danh gia CTDT dugc xay dung nham danh gia chat lugng cua cac chuang trinh va dua khuyen nghj dg cac chuang trinh cai thign chat lugng NOI DUNG CHINH CUA CAC B O TIEU CHUAN DANH GIA CHUONG TRJNH DAO TAO Nhirng npi dung chinh ctia eac Bg tigu chuan danh gia CTDT trgn thg gidi bao gdm eac chu digm ciia chuang trinh nhu sau: Chudn ddu ru (Expected learning outcomes/ or learning outcomes): Chuan dau dugc d^c biet quan tam vi?c danh gia va cong nhan kigm dinh cac chuang trinh Bd tieu chuan danh gia chuang trinh dao tao ciia Ha Lan, Tigu chuan I ve chuan dau ngu ro: ^^chudn ddu dtrqc cyi the hoa npi dung, Irinh dp vd djnh hu&ng gidng day ciia chirang trinh: chudn ddu ddp irng yeu edu quoc le" Trong qua trinh edng nhan kiem djnh chuong trinh, neu tieu chuan khong dat thi loan bg chuong trinh khdng dugc phep cd thgm thdi gian cai thien chat lugng de dugc kigm dinh Trong Bg tieu chuan ciia AUN, Tieu chuan ve chuan dau dugc dat len hang dau "•Tieu chi 1.1 Chudn ddu ciia chucmg trinh giao due, bao gom kien thuc, thai dp, ky nang ca bdn vd kien thirc, thdi ki ndng nghe nghiep ma nguai lot nghiep cdn Pham van Hting va Dtg T^p chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE dat duac, duve xac djnh ro rang vd duac thi hien chuang trinh gido due " Chuang trinh hoc (Curriculum): Uku hit cac Bd tieu chuan dgu tap chung mgt so lugng Idn cac tieu chi vao chuang trinh hgc, eac ngi dung dugc danh gia bao gdm vg djnh hudng ciia chuong trinh de dam bao viec phat trien cac kien thtic va ky nang can thigt; ndi dung, cau trite; sy phii hgp ciia ehuong trinh vdi trinh dau vao va chuan dau ra; tinh kha thi cita ehuong trinh; thdi lugng va gidi ban npi dung cua chuang trinh Rigng cac Bd tieu chuan danh gia ehuong trinh theo tii'ng nganh cu the, cac tigu chuan ve chuang trinh hoc duoc md ta cu thg han vi dy Tien chuan ve chuang trinh hoc Bg tieu chuan danh gia chucmg trinh co cita ABET neu ro "^chuang trinh bao gom I nam hpc todn hpc ket hap vdi cdc mdn khoa hpc ca bdn (co the kem theo thuc hdnh) a trinh dai hpc phii hap vdi yeu cau cita nganh hpc, mpt nam rudi hpc cdc mon ve ca bao gom khoa hpc ve ca va thiel ke ca phii hap vdi chuyen nganh cua sinh vien" Ngoai phan chuong trinh hgc bp tigu chuan ciia ABET cdn cd phan rigng, cy thg cho tirng nganh rieng biet Dpi ngd gidng vien (Faculty) Cae tieu chi vg giang vign thudng tap trung vao nang lye eua dpi ngQ, mirc dap ung ciia giang vien vdi chucmg trinh dao tao, kha nang thiet kg chuang trinh, truyen thu kien thuc, kha nang sir dung cac thigt bj hd tro giang day, sd lugng giang vign Ddi vdi cac Bp tieu chuan danh gia chung, chat lugng, so lupng dpi ngii dugc phai phii hgp vdi yeu cau ciia chuong trinh Vdi tieu chuan cho cae nganh cu thg, vi dy Bd tieu chuan ciia ABET ngu ro giang vien thudc chuyen nganh nao phai cd chiing chi nghg nghiep thugc nganh dd vi dy giang vign nganh Ca cin cd ehirng chi ky su chuyen nghiep "Profesional Engineer" Ngoai ra, eac chinh sach vg giang vien cung duoc dg cap cac tigu chi thudc tieu chuan Cdc hoat dpng hd tra sinh viin (Services): Bao gdm cac hoat dgng giiip Ao va tu van ngoai gid hgc, viec luu triJ va cung cap cac 103(03): 85-89 thdng tin phan hdi vg qua trinh hgc lap dap irng nhu cau cua sinh vign Ctr s& tdng vd trang thiet hi (Facilities): Tigu chuan ve co sd tang va trang thiet bj bao gdm viec danh gia vg so lugng, chat lugng ciia trang thigt bj, tai nguyen hgc tap, thu vign dien tir, cac he thdng cdng nghe thdng tin, phdng may tinh v.v va su phii hgp vdi cac myc tigu va muc dich thigt kg chuang trinh, t^o mdi trudng khuyen khich sinh vign, giang vign tham gia nghign cuu va hgc tap Dam bdo chat lupfng (Quality Assurance): Cac tigu chi vg dam bao chat lugng CTDT tap trung vao viec soat va danh gia dinh ky cac myc dich dao tao, viec sir dung cac kgt qua danh gia qua trinh cai thien chat lugng giiip chuong trinh hien thuc hda cac mue dich dao tao, va su tham gia eiia cac ben lien quan nhu cac nha quan ly, cac hdi ddng, sinh vien, giang vien, cuu sinh vien, hoat dgng dam bao chat luong bgn Ddnh gid kit qud hpc tap ciia sinh vien vd nhii'ng kit qud ddu dat duac (Assessment and learning outcomes achieved): Cac lieu chuan chii digm thudng dg cap den he thdng danh gia kgt qua hgc tap bao gdm cac hinh thtrc danh gia, cac quy dinh vg kiem tra, danh gia cua ehuong trinh va tinh hieu qua cua cac cdng cy danh gia Hoat ddng danh gia bao gom danh gia dau vao, giira ky, cudi ky va tdt nghiep Ngudi hoc (Students) Mdt so Bd tigu chuan cd cac tigu chuSn ve sinh vign va cac hoat dgng ho tro sinh vien nham giup ho dat dupe cac yeu edu dau ciia chuong trinh hgc, dam bao cho viec lign thdng giiJa cac chuang trinh cho sinh vign Mdt so Bd tigu chuSn danh gia CTDT dat tieu chuan rigng cho Muc tigu giao dye ciia chuang trinh (Program Educational Objectives) - Bp tieu chuSn danh gia chuang trinh dao tao ABET, AUN, dd neu rd myc tieu eua chuang trinh phai phii hpp vdi sir mang ciia trudng; cac myc lieu dugc xac dinh trgn casd nhu cau ciia cac bgn lien quan; cac qua trinh kigm tra, danh gia dupe luu giir djnh ky va the hien duoc mirc dd dal duoc cac muc tigu ciia chuong trinh dg 87 Pham van I liing va Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ Mgt sd bg tieu chuan danh gia CTDT phan djnh ro cac tieu chuan qua trinh kiem djnh CTDT doi vdi cac trudng da dugc cdng nh|in kigm djnh va cae chuong trinh thugc do'n vi chua dugc kigm djnh Vdi ho^il dpng kigm djnh CTDT lai Ha Lan, chuang trinh dang k\ kiem djnh thugc trucTiig dai hgc chua dirge danh gia chat lugng hoac cd ket qua danh gia chat lugng Ihap se phai danh gi^ trgn 16 tigu chuan nhign vdi cae chuong trinh trudng d^i hgc da dugc danh gia chat lugng vdi ket qua tdt, chi cd ticu chuan gianh cho cac chuong trinh bao gom tigu chuan \c chuan dau ra, mdi Irudng day - hgc va danh gia kgl qua hpc lap va chuan dau dat dugc THANG DANH GIA Thang danh gia cac tigu ehi duoc chia lam hai hinh thire, cd the dupe chia cac thang djnh khoang tir dgn mirc hoac theo thang digm Thang diem: Danh gia chat lugng chuong trinh theo tieu chuan AUN-QA su dung thang digm gdm mirc (cd gia tri tir dgn 7), dupe chuan hda nhiing md la nhu sau: - hau nhu khong co bang chiing bang van ban vgchi bao - CO itbang chung bang van ban ve chi bao - bang chung bang van ban vg chi bao dat mirc dirdi trung binh - bang ehirng bang van ban vg chi bao dat muc trung binh - bang chung bang van ban ve chi bao dat mirc tren trung binh - cd kha nhieubang chiing bang van ban vg chi bao - CO rat nhieu_bang chung bang van ban vg chi bao Dg danh gia chat luong va cac boat dgng cai tign chat luong, su dyng thang diem gdm muc (cd gia tri.tii' dgn 7), duoc chuan hda nhirng md ta nhu sau' -hoan loan khdng dat, can phai cai tign lap tii'c - khong dat, can cai tien - khong dat nhung can cai tien chiit dinh dg dat 103(03): 85-89 - dat dimg nhu dy kien - dal trung binh khd - la mot yi du tot de lam girffng - xuat s^c Thang dinh khoang Mpt so bg tieu chuan danh gia CTDT diing thang djnh khoang vdi cac mirc dg: Khdng dat (Unsatisfactory); Dat (Satisfactory); T6l (Good); Xuat sac (Excellent), hoge ehi don gian la Dal hoac Khdng dat Chuong trinh dugc danh gia dat hoac khdng dat phy thugc vao mpt sd tieu chi cd dat mirc tdt hay khong, vi dy nhu cac tieu chuan ve chuan dau ra, chuang trinh hgc, giang vien v.v Nhin chung, cac chii digm ciia cac bp lieu chuSn kigm djnh chat lugng CTDT hao quat loan bg cac mat hoal dgng Ngn quan dgn chuang trinh dao tao Cac ngi dung chinh ciia CTDT la chuan dau va ket qua dau dat duge ciing vdi cac hoat ddng dao tao, cac hoat ddng dam bao chat lugng va cai thien chat luong la nhirng phan quan trpng cac bg tieu chuan Vdi dac diem la CTDT ciia cac nude lien tien, gan lien vdi su cdng nhan quoc te, cac bd tieu chuan ludn hudng tdi chat lugng qudc tg ciia cac CTDT HUONG TIEP CAN CHO B O TIEU CHUAN KIEM DjNH / DANH GIA CTDT TAI VIETNAM Tren CO sd cac md hinh DBCL va danh gia chat luong da ngu trgn ciing ngi dung ciia cac bg tigu chuan kigm djnh CTDT tren thg gidi, chiing tdi \in de xuat mdt so ngi dung cho Bg tieu chuan danh gia CTDT ciia Viet Nam nhu sau: Thir nhat: Chit luong CTDT la kgt qua ciia mpt qua trinh dai vay nen danh gia tir dau vao, qua trinh dao tao/ trien khai va dgn dau (kgt qua) Thu hai: Can chii trgng den viec xay dung chuin dau va danh gia dSu thiet ke cac lieu chuan danh gia Thir ba: Npi dung danh gia ngn phan chia hai loai de tao dieu kien thuan loi va khuygn khich cac trudng dai hpc va cac CTDT dang ky kigm djnh ch4t lugng Pham Van Hiing vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE T h u tu Viec danh gia c h i t l u p n g C T D T de nang cao chat lupng dao tao la digu rat can thigt luy nhien viec xay d u n g eac lieu c h u i n can xet dgn digu kien t h u c te cua Viet N a m Cd the dat cac lieu chuan d mirc tiem can vdi cac c h u o n g trinh dao tao D d n g N a m A Ddi vdi cac c h u a n g trinh dat chuan D d n g N a m A va the gidi, cd the diing cac bd lieu chu4n ciia cac td chirc de ty danh gia va dang ky dg dugc kigm dinh bdi cac td chiic bgn ngoai Danh gia C T D T dg tign tdi nang cao chat lugng dao lao dap ung nhu cau xa hdi cang phat trien la dieu rat can thiet hign Viec xay d y n g cac tigu chuan, tigu chi danh gia cho phii h g p vdi tinh hinh thuc te va dac diem C T D T d Viet N a m se ddng gdp thigt thuc viec tim giai phap nang cao chat luong dao tao tai cac c o sd giao due bien 103(03) - TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O [1] Ky yeu "Xay dung lieu chuan chal lugng cho cdc trudng sir pham Viet Nam" (2003), Vien Nghien ciiu Giao due, Trudng DH Su pham TPHCM [2] So tay thuc hien cdc hudng dan dam bao chat lugng mang ludi cac trudng dai hpc Dong Nam A, AUN-QA, (2009) Nxb DH Qufic gia Ha Npi [3] Nguyin Due Chinh, (2002) Kigm dinh chdt lugng gido due dai hpc Nhd xudl ban Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi [4] Assessment frameworks for the higher education accreditation system Programme assessment (limiled/extensive), (201 1)NVA0 [5] http://www.abet.org/accreditation/ [6] http.//nvao.com/accreditation-criteria-policies documents/ SUMMARY P R O G R A M M E E V A L U A T I O N AND S O M E SUGGESTION F O R T H E VIETNAMESE P R O G R A M M E EVALUATION STANDARDS Pham Van Hung , Nguyen Thi Thu Huong Tiiai Nguyen University Program evaluation (PE) has been paid great attention in the quality assurance activities within the higher educational institutions The article aims at introducing some concepts ralated to programme evaluation, some ofthe world's educational quality evaluation models, themes related to PE in regional and international set of criteria for PE and programme accreditation and some suggestions for the design of Vietnamese programme evaluation standards Key words; quality assurance, programme evaluation, standards, criteria Ngdy nhdn bdi-29/11/2012, ngdy phdn bien: 19/12/2012, ngdy duyet ddng 26/3/2013 Tel 01683 410168 Emad vanhungkt@gmoii c ... ro "^chuang trinh bao gom I nam hpc todn hpc ket hap vdi cdc mdn khoa hpc ca bdn (co the kem theo thuc hdnh) a trinh dai hpc phii hap vdi yeu cau cita nganh hpc, mpt nam rudi hpc cdc mon ve ca... trudng sir pham Viet Nam" (2003), Vien Nghien ciiu Giao due, Trudng DH Su pham TPHCM [2] So tay thuc hien cdc hudng dan dam bao chat lugng mang ludi cac trudng dai hpc Dong Nam A, AUN-QA, (2009)... lugng qudc tg ciia cac CTDT HUONG TIEP CAN CHO B O TIEU CHUAN KIEM DjNH / DANH GIA CTDT TAI VIETNAM Tren CO sd cac md hinh DBCL va danh gia chat luong da ngu trgn ciing ngi dung ciia cac bg tigu