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GIAODMCDANTOC I NANG CAO NANG LUC QUAN Ll L O P HOC A CAC TRirdNG TIEU HOC VUNG DAN TOC THIEU SO Chiln lupc phat t r i ln g i io dye 2011 2020 dupe ThO tudng Chinh phu p h i duyl t ngiy 13 th ing 6 na[.]
.GIAODMCDANTOC I NANG CAO NANG LUC QUAN Ll LOP HOC A CAC TRirdNG TIEU HOC VUNG DAN TOC THIEU SO ThS.TlUlNTH|Y£N Vl^n Khoa hgc Gilo d^c Vi^l Nam Chiln lupc phat t r i l n g i i o dye 2011-2020 dupe ThO tudng Chinh phu p h i d u y l t ngiy 13 t h i n g nam 2012dl xic djnh ddi mdi q u i n 11 g i i o dye (GD]li k h i u ddt p h i d l p h i t t r i l n g i i o dye; cOng vdi vile n i n g cao ning lyc q u i n II Idp hpe (QLLH) theo hudng t h i n thiln, hilu q u i l i mdt nhdng ndi dung cOa ddi mdi quin liGD Tuy nhiln, de n i n g cao c h i t lupng QLLH d d p tilu hpc cda mdt vung ey t h i , n g o i i nhdng g i l l p h i p chung d n cd nhdng g i i i p h i p mang tinh die thu, phi^ hpp vdi tdng vung p h i t t r i l n GD Di cd t h i v l n dyng h i l u q u i nhdng ndi dung cCa QLLH d vung d i n tdc t h i l u sd, mdi d n bd q u i n it v i giio v i l n (GV) d n n h l n thdc d i y dd v l QLLH v i nhdng bi§n p h i p v l n dyng QLLH v i o d c trudng tilu hoe vOng d i n tdc t h i l u sd Q u i n l i Idp hpc theo hudng t h i n d i i l n , hilu q u i Nhln t d g i i c tilp c i n mdi trudng GD thi QLLH theo hudng t h i n t h i l n , h i l u q u i nghia t i GV giup HS tich eye tham gia v i o t o i n bd q u i trinh day hpe Tilp c$n td I d Ich thi QLLH t h i n t h i l n , h i l u q u i ta mang tai nhdng Ipi Ich v i d i p dng mong mudn cOa HS, gidp dc em cd dupe tam trang vui v l , t h o i i m l i den trudng va hpe t i p dgt k i t q u i tdt DO theo d c h t i l p cin nio thi ndi h i m cOa QLLH tiiln t h i l n , h i l u q u i diu I I xiy dyng dupe mdi quan h i t h i y - trd tdt dep, dya trin sy tdn trpng lan d ti-udng tilu hpc ndi chung v i trudng t i l u hpc viing d i n tdc t h i l u sd ndi rilng, vile sd dyng cleh QLLH theo hudng t h i n thien, h i l u q u i s i mang Igi nhiing thinh cdng to Idn sy nghilp GD, cd t i e tf^ng tdt ddi vdi q u i trinh p h i t t r i l n cOa t r i , mang tinh nhln v l n , phu hpp vdi tinh hinh p h i t t r i l n cOa xa hdi hiln khdng hpp tinh, hpp II eOa GV se l i m tdn hgi sdc khde v i tinh t h i n cOa HS D i l u dd ed t i c ddng xiu khdng ehl tdi vile hpe t i p m i cdn sp p h i t t r i l n nhln cleh cOa t r i , b i l n d c em trd n l n nhOt n h i t ty ti hole p h i t t r i l n theo hudng t i l u eye Mdt hinh I n h thiy, cd cic em syp dd ehl vl mdt II r i t g i l n don, d e em se d m thiy I m de t d dd d i n h m l t nilm tin V i t r i m l t Idng tin d ngadi m i eic em ludn nghi Ii t h i n tupng thi h i u q u i se khdn ludng SU d n thiet p h l l QLLH theo hUdng t h i n t h i l n i h i l u q u i d trUdng t i l u hpc vung dan toe t h i i u sd ' D i n nay, c h i t lupng GD vOng d i n tdc thilu sd cdn t h i p hon so vdi m i t b i n g chung cOa e l nude Thyc t l niy cd nguyin n h l n khich quan l l n chO quan d tieu hpc, ed nhdng n h i n td I n h hudng den chit lupng GD nhU vdn t i i n g Viet eua HS han e h l trudc v i o Idp cic em ehUa dupe qua m l u giio hole cht dupe hpe nam eudi eua m l u giio; nhilu GV tilu hpc la ngue^ Kinh, khdng b i l t tiing d i n tdc n l n khdng t h i giao tiep vdi HS; d i l u kiln co sd v l t chat t h i l t bj day hoc c h i dd chinh sach ddi vdi GV eon t h i l u v i ehua phu hpp; vile cap n h i t thdng tin q u i n If g i i o due v i ddi mcri phUcmg p h i p dgy hpc cdn bj han ehl QLLH t h i n t h i l n , h i l u q u i l i g i i i p h i p k h i thi, n l u dupc thyc h i l n tdt s i g i i m thieu nhdng b i t c i p n l u t r i n , n i n g cao chat lUpng GD t i l u hpc vOng d i n tdc t h i l u sd Vile QLLH theo hUdng t h i n thiln, hieu q u i s i mang Igi nhdng Ipi fch v i d i p dng mong mudn cOa t r i , giOp ele em cd t i m trang vui v l , tholi m l i den trddng v l hpe t i p dgt k i t q u i t d t Cie em se tfch eye chO ddng hon hpc t i p , t y tin hon giao t i l p vdi mpi ngudi HS t i l n bd thi GV cung dUpc "hudng Ipi" dung theo nghia tich eye cOa t d niy QLLH theo dinh hudng t h i n thien, h i l u q u i s i Cic bien phap q u i n If Idp hoc than thien, han ehl va logi bd tat d nhdng t i c ddng ngUpe chilu vdi hogt dpng dgy hpc D i l u gl se x i y idii GV t d hieu q u i 3.1 Xdy dung mdi quan hi thdy - trd tdt dep quan t i m , Uu I I hon vdi mdt hay mdt v i i t r i \dp, hay GV v i o tdp vdi t t i l i d d bye t d c d u giln? dua trin sUtdn trgng Idn C i u hdi d i t la I l m t h i n i o d l x i y dung dupc Chiing ta s i khdng t h i lUdng h i t dUpc h i u q u i x i y mdi quan h i t h i y - tro tdt dep? Bi l i m dupe d i l u n i y nSu QLLH khdng t h i n t h i l n d n phii b i i t x i y dyng mdi quan h i dd dya vao uy QLLH khdng t h i n t h i l n cdn i n h hUdng den sU phit triln v i n h l n d c h cda t r i Vile t r i pham Idi quyin chfnh thdc v l uy q u y l n d nhan Ching hgn, ntillu hay It, vd tinh hay cd y cOng t i t l thudng tinh mdt HS dang m l t t r i t t y Idp hpe Ban se I l m gl? "Hill dd ndng vdi, khdng t h i n t h i l n v i nhdng dng xd LOc n i y ban d n v i n dyng uy quyln chinh thde bang SI82-THANG7;2012*57 M GIAODVCDANTOC- vilc bude t d t d d i n trudc b i n cda HS g l y m l t t r | t ty, cOi xudng, nhln v i o m l t c i u ta, sau dd ndi: VI em m l t t r i t ty? Hly cho HS ttily dupe vai trd, nhi^m vy cOa GV b i n g mdt t h i l dd t y tin, t i m chO tinh hinh v l binh t h i n , khdng d n cao gipng Uy q u y l n ehlnh thdc dupe t h i l t t|p bdi cic phuong p h i p phi ngdn ngd: nhln t h i n g v l phia HS, He d i u , g | t d i u Ki t h u | t n i y dupe sd dyng vdi nhOng m^o nhd: d n g ddng g i n HS thi t i e ddng d n g tdn, c h i l m dupe "khdng gian d nhln"cOa HS eOng vdi mdt t a t h i uy nghiim, giao t i l p b i n g m l t Nhln kht c h a i n bj ndi, ndi v i sau ndi xong Vi|c d | t e l u hdi se hdu fch hon " t i n tdp mdt b i i " ; d|c bl^t chf n l n ndi dO nghe ddl vdi GV v i HS mic tdi Tuy tdng tinh hudng ey t h i m i GV tinh hogt sd dyng uy quyln chinh thdc hay uy q u y l n c i nhln Uy quyln c l ntiln dupe tgo GV quan t i m thyc sy d i n vi|c hpc cOa tdng HS; khen ngpl v l cdng nh|n nhdng nd lyc cOa HS v i ed mdt ndi quy rd ring, thyc hi|n n h i t q u i n v i cdng bing, khdng i c elm, djnh kiln tOvilc n i y sang vi^e k h i c gid n i y sang gid k h i e sd dyng t i n gpi HS Tdn trpng HS qua nhdng p h i p ljch sy thdng thudng: mdi em, d m on em Die b i l t khdng dOng Idi ndi m i l t thj, nhgo bing M i t k h i e GV ein phii k i l n nhln, chuyin nghilp dgy hoc l l n Idp d n cd t i e phong, q u i n i o , d i l u bd, cd chi, gid g i l e n l n i p , giao tiep ngoii gid vdi HS: cudi, ndi chuyin, t h i h i l n su quan t i m d i n t h i i dd, nhu e l u , tinh d m HS V I mdi quan h | t h i y - trd d cie trudng tilu hpc vOng d i n tdc d n luu y t h i m d c v l n d l sau: (1) N i u HS sd dyng tiing d i n tdc giao tilp vdi GV, GV khdng b i l t t i i n g d i n tdc, thJ GV n l n dya v i o d c em tdp ndi tdt tiing Vilt trp giOp (2) HS d i n tdc t h i l u sd d i i n dgt hgn ehl, nhOt n h i t nggi giao tilp, hay mac d m vl v i y t d n i m d i u GV d n quan t i m xda bd d i n han e h l n i y QLLH 3.2 Khuyin khich HS tich cUc tham gia vdo bdlhgc Chia khda d l q u i n It tdp hpe h i | u q u i t i khuyin khich HS tieh eye tham gia v i o b l l hpc Trong b i t kl mdt tdp hpe gid hpe hay hogt ddng hpe nio, vi^c khuyin khIch HS tfch eye tham gia v i o t o i n bd b i i hpc l i mdt nhdng t h i n h cdng cOa GV Thay vl gpi mdt v i i HS t r i Idi, cd t h i y l u d u n h i l u em ti-i Idi/ ndi (ndi tilp) / v i l t e l u t r i Idi; l i m d i l u n i y s i huy ddng dUpc nhilu HS tham gia hoat ddng cOa Idp GV n l n tgo cho HS I l m vile theo elp/nhdm - chia s i d u ti-i Idi trudc Idp hpc d i d c em cd co hdi hpc t i p Nhd v l y GV"giim s i f d u p e HS, HS cOng ft cd If ndi chuyin rilng GV n l n tiiudng x u y l n k i l m tra "sy h i l u b i l t n h i l m vy cOa HS'bIng d c h hdi mdt v i i HS (nglu nhiln) di lap lai d e y l u d u , ehl dan cda Idp hpe V i o •KHOAHQCGlAODUC Idp GV n l n d i t c i u hdi k i l u nhU: "ChOng ta d n lim gl b i y gld7"dl giOp HS y thde dupe nhi^m vu cOa minh Ddi Idp hpc ed nhdng tinh hudng ddi hdl p h l l xd If nhanh, t r i n h i n h hudng d i n nhOng HS k h i e GV cung e i n v i n dyng mdt sd ki t h u l t dd ed ki t h u i t "khdng Idi" d l giOp HS tham gia tfch eye v i o b i i hpc Tuy n h i l n , sd dyng kl thult niy c i n luu ;^ r i n g khdng p h i i h i n h vl giao t i l p phi ngdn ngd n i o eOng dem Igi k i t q u i tfch eye v i cd Ipi Nlu khdng cd h i | u q u i nhanh chdng, GVeIn t i l p c|n tn/c tilp HS b i n g d c h tie d i u c h i m , nhln cham chu HS d i n tdc t h i l u sd thudng nhOt n h i t nggi gtao tilp, v i r i t khd k h i n d i l n d a t Di giOp HS tfch cdc tham gia v i o eic hogt ddng cOa b i i hpc th) tO n i m d i u t i l n cua elp hpc, GV d n k i l n tri r l n tuyln cho ele em vupt qua nhdng khd k h i n n i y 3.3 Xdy dung khdng hgc tdp tich ctfc Mudn x i y dung dupe khdng hpe t i p tich eye tdp hpc d n tgo ddng cd hpc t i p cho HS bing vile t h i l t k l d c hogt ddng hpc t i p vui (trd choi/du d6/ ) Mpi cdng v i l e tinh hudng, b i i hpc phii kfch thfch trf td md, khoi gpi sy tim tdi, k h i m p h i till gidi xung quanh L i m cho HS b i l t dupe h i u q u i cOa vile khdng hpc v i g i i trj cOa v i l e hpc v i hpe gidi K i t h u l t d l x l y d U n g khdng khfhpe t i p bing viec sd dyng khen ngpi v i p h i binh eOng r i t h i l u q u i Ldi khen c i n h i n cd t i c dyng hon tdi khen chung chung v l ed hi|u q u i GV n l u dupc ti Die b i l t hay khen c l HS dat nhdng diiu "binh thudng" n h i t n h i m "cung cd hanh vi"tfch cue cOa HS Trong QLLH khdng t h i khdng cd p h i binh Ldi p h i binh n l n cd tinh c h i t x i y dyng Phii ehl d i sai v i g i i i thich d c h sita d i sai Ngdn t d sd dung ti-ong p h i binh cung d n nhe n h i n g , vda p h i i HS r i t thich tdi khen Dupe khen nhilu, d c em c i n g thich N l n t r i n h mpi hinh thdc phat ddi vdi HS d i n t d c Thuc t l d n h i l u trddng cho t h i y ddi cht d n GV ndi to l i HS bd hpc 3.4 SCfdung hop II, khdng long phi thi^ gian vd khdng gian liip hoc, gid hgc Trin Idp, h i l n tuong h i t ttidi gian cdn b i i hoc hole h i t b i i hpe cdn thdi gian thudng x i y D l q u i n It dupc nhdng thdi gian dd, GV hay: (1) Gid HS ludn ludn " b i n rdn" Idp hpc b i n g vile tao mdi trudng hpc t i p ed nhieu nguyen l i l u / dd dOng, don giln, g i l r l d l HS dupe tim tdi, k h i m p h i ; giao bii t | p l i m tai Idp; cd sSn d c hoat ddng bd sung cho HS h o i n t h i n h b i i t i p ; tgo d i l u k i l n cho HS d i n vdi theo nhdm d l l i m v i l e (2) N g l n chan sy gian doan vdi mdt chOt hit hudc Tuy n h i l n , d n ptian biet hli hudc vdi mla mai H l i hude cd t h i nhanh chdng giii t h o i t rihanh mdt tinh hudng khdng hay Mia mai c6 (Xem tiip trang 62} ® GlAODVCNUttCNGOAl v l c i c d i l u k i | n g i i o dye n h i trudng, v l t h i y ed g i l o ; 2/ Cdng b i n g khie b i | t tdc t i nhOng d i l u k i l n khic s i ed nhdng t i l u c h u i n khic nhau, y l u d u khic ddl vdi ngudi hpe vl mdi ngudi hpc cd nhdng g i l tr[, nhdng d|c d i l m khie b i | t vdi ngudi k h i e - Cdng d i n tham dy: cdng d i n tham gia v i o q u y l t sich cOa Chfnh phO, thdng qua p h i p tu|t tham gia v i o q u i trinh x i y dung v i g i i m s i t eic hogt ddng t i i ehlnh g i i o dye, d i m b i o tpi Ich cOa minh - Sd dyng hi$u q u i ngudn t i i chfnh: Cin cd v i o nhdng y l u d u v i quy djnh v l t i l chfnh g l l o dye, chi tilu g i l o dye t i p trung v i o bd p h | n tdn, dd t i : D i u t u x i y dung co b i n v i d i u t u n i n g cao c h i t lupng g i l o dye Mdt sd kinh n g h l ^ m cho v i l e x i y dUng cd c h i t i l chinh g i l o due V i l t Nam Thdng qua vi|e xem x i t q u i trinh p h i t t r i l n , ddi mdi Cd c h i q u i n If, p h i n d p t i l chtnh cOa Trung Qudc v i nhdng i n h hudng cda nd d i n sy p h i t t r i l n g i l o dye Trung Qudc chOng ta cd t h i rdt iTii hpc kinh n g h i i m ddl vdi vi|e x i y dyng mdt eP e h l q u i n If p h i n d p t i i chfnh d Vi^t Nam nhu sau: - Xiy dyng h i thdng p h i p l u l t v l t i l chfnh v i t i i chfnh g i l o dye, thyc h i l n p h i n d p manh q u i n If t i i chfnh gida d c d p ; tgo eo c h i thyc thi cd h i l u q u i cic quy dinh cOa p h i p l u l t v l t i i chfnh cho g i l o due, n i n g cao tfnh cdng khai, minh bgch thyc h i l n d c quy djnh v l t i i chfnh - Ddi vdi d p hpc t i l u hpc v i phd thdng, nhdng cdng vile q u i n If cy t h i n l n dugc giao cho d e elp chfnh q u y l n dja phuong - Vile huy ddng ngudn vdn cho g i i o dye l i t r i c h n h i | m cOa mpl e l p n g i n h trung uong v i dia phupng - ChO trpng cdng b i n g t i i chtnh giio dye - Quy phgm hda phuong thdc e l p kinh phf giio dye t d trung uong d i n dja phucmg - Ap dyng co e h l thj trudng di n i n g cao quin II ngudn kinh phi g i l o dye v l n i n g cao hi$u q u i sd dyng ngudn kinh phf dd TAI LI$U THAM K H A O LITUdng V l n (Trung Qudc), 'Cdicdch cachitdt chinh gido dgc ca chi tdi chfnh thay ddi d Trung Qudc", NXB Dgi hpc Ble Kinh, 2009 Min Duy PhUdng (Trung Qudc) chu biln'Sdo cdo phdt triin gido due vd phdt triin ngudn nhdn luc 2006-2006", NXB Dgi hpc Bic Kinh, 2006 LI C h i n (Trung Qudc) chO b i l n , Nghiin cdu cdi cdch thichi tdi chfnh Trung Qudc vd Cdng bdng gido ducphdcdp, NXB Khoa hpc Kinh t l , 2009 SUMMARY The article has presented tfie Internal relationship between the education financing mechanism and national financing mechanism in China through each specific period, whereby a roadmap of the reform of education finance management for general education - Ngudn vdn d i u tU t i l chinh cdng cdng cho in China is clearly shown, thus drawing experience g i i o due l i n h i | m vy cda Chinh phO cOng vdi sy huy lessons for the development of education financing ddng mpi ngudn lyc x l hdi mechanism hr Vietnam Hiiiiiiiniiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiii NANG CAO NANG LUC QUAN l l LOP HOC t h i g l y tdn hgi d i o mdi quan h$ cda GV vdi c i c H5 tham gia (3) Cin cd k l hogch d y tru GV n l n t r i n h thdi gian ' c h i t " gid hpe N l u thdi gian r i n h rdi dd, ban cho p h i p HS ndi l i tgo cho d e em mdt thdt quen x i u - ndi chuyen D l t r i n h d i l u n i y h l y l l n k l hogch d y trd, dUa t h i m d c hogt ddng v i o p h i n cudi cOa gtio I n Khdng gian tdp hpc I n h hUdng khdng nhd tiSI vl^c QLLH, vl v | y d n bd tri tdp hpc cho GV cd t h i quan sit dUpe vile hpe t | p v l h i n h vi cOa HS Idp hpc Vile QLLH t h i n thi§a h i l u q u i ddi hdi GVcd nhdng ki nang nhit i^nh NhOng ki ning n i y l i k i t q u i cOa q u i trinh r l n tuyln DOng hon l i d c ki nang l i l n quan d i n QLLH t h i n thiln, hi§u q u i chi cd dupc qua thyt hinh, phin hdi v i sin sing hpc hdi td nhdng sai Ilm •KHOAHQCGlAODUC (Tiip theo trang 58) TAIUIUTHAMKHAO K.B Everard, Geofrey Morris and lan Wilson, Effective school managemen t 2.J6 chdc Cdu trp t r i em Cue N h i gilo v i CBQL Cd sd GD {Bd GD-DT) (2011), Ddi mdi phuang phdp qudn II Idp hgc bdng cdc biin phdp gido due Td ehde Cdu trp t r i em (2008), Ddi mdi phuang phdp qudn II Idp hgc bdng cdc biin phdp gido due Geoffrey Petty (2002), Dgy hoc ngdy Robert Fisher (2002), Dgy tri hgc SUMMARY The author has presented the needforclassroom management in a hiendly-learner and effective manner; and some measures for enhancing capacity hr classroom management In a friendly-learner and effective manner In primary schools In ethnic minority regions ... d trung uong d i n dja phucmg - Ap dyng co e h l thj trudng di n i n g cao quin II ngudn kinh phi g i l o dye v l n i n g cao hi$u q u i sd dyng ngudn kinh phf dd TAI LI$U THAM K H A O LITUdng... t i p trung v i o bd p h | n tdn, dd t i : D i u t u x i y dung co b i n v i d i u t u n i n g cao c h i t lupng g i l o dye Mdt sd kinh n g h l ^ m cho v i l e x i y dUng cd c h i t i l chinh... thi cd h i l u q u i cic quy dinh cOa p h i p l u l t v l t i i chfnh cho g i l o due, n i n g cao tfnh cdng khai, minh bgch thyc h i l n d c quy djnh v l t i i chfnh - Ddi vdi d p hpc t i l