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A GIAUDUCDMITAC THUC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP NANG CAO CHAT LUDNG GIAO DUC CHO HOC SINH DAN TOC THIEU SO Of VUNG DAN TfiC, MIEN N U I I O a t v l n d l Phit huy ngudn nhdn lUc (NNL) Id nhin td quan trong qu[.]
A GIAUDUCDMITAC- THUC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP NANG CAO CHAT LUDNG GIAO DUC CHO HOC SINH DAN TOC THIEU SO Of VUNG DAN TfiC, MIEN N U I PGS.TS TRINH THANH HAI Tntm Bai hoc Ktioa hoc • Oai hoc Thli Nguyfin t s L £ THI THU HliN Tnldng Dal hoc Gilo d^c - Qal hoc Qutfc gla HI N6I TS LA DUG MINH - Vl^n Din tfic - Uy ban DSn t&c ngdn ngfl, dieu kifn hpe t i p (trudng tdp tdi tan, thilu I.Oatvlndl Phit huy ngudn nhdn lUc (NNL) Id nhin td quan dung hpc tdp), dilu kifn siSng (dudng xd xa xdi, cdch trd, quylt djnh sU phdt trien kinh te - xd hdi cda mdi ngheo ddi), cich truyln dat cda thay cd gido va chUOng qudc gia Trong thdi gian qua, Odng va Nhi nUde da trinh hpe ehua phu hpp thfle thi nhilu chfnh sdeh uu tifn nhdm tao ngudn, xiy 2.2 ThUe trgng vi ngdn ngff dung dpi ngu lao ddng, tri thflc td ngudi dan tdc thieu sd Phin ldn HS DTTS gap khd khdn v l ngdn ngd tdi (DTTS) b i n nay, trinh dp dan trf cCia vUng DTTS v l miln Idp Mpt nhCfng nguyen nhin d i n d i n khd khan ve nui da dupc ndng tin ding k l nhUng van ehUa dap dng ngdn ngd trude di hoc ma nhilu HS DTTS gap phdi dupc y l u d u ddt ra.Thyc t l , hiln d mdt sd vung cao, 11 cac em khdng dupe ehuan bj giat doan d Ida vung slu, vung xa, ti 11 tdi mil ehfl cdn eao, tinh trang tudi mam non Thdi gian vfla qua, gido due mam non hpc sinh (HS) bd hpe cdn nhilu, nhat Id HS ndeon em eie chfla dupe quan tdm dflng mde Ti If phdng hpc mam gia dinh ngtieo fvidt sd dan toe ft ngUdi chua cd ngudi non kien ed ehf dat 30,30%, edn lai tl phdng hoc bdn tdt nghifp trung hpc phd thdng Vin de clp thilt dat kien cd {S2,S7%) va phdng hpc tam (11,87%) Thdm chf ddi vdi cde d p qudn If, d c nhd gilo dye td tim d c bien 17,13% tdng sd d c phdng hpc cho gilo due mim non phdp nlng eao chit lupng gido due (CLGD) cho HS DTTS td di mflpn eda eac c l p hpe khde, sd dyng tam nhd kho d l phdt triln b i n vOtig NNL eho miln nui, vitng ddn tdc hpp tdc xa cu hoac phdng cCia try sd Ciy ban nhin din xd, Thuc trang v l giao due HS DTTS khu vUc m i l n Vung cd phdng tipc tam nhllu nhit td Trung du vd miln ndi phia Ble vdi ti if 26,41 % [2] nui, vting d i n tdc h i l n 2.1 ThUe trgng vi trinh dp hgc vdn Bp Gilo dye va DIo tao da quan tdm d i n vifc day V l CO bdn, da thyc hifn thdnh cdng sy nghilp xda ehd ddn tde eho HS Oen da cd hon 10 toat chiJ DTTS mil ehd, phd cap gilo due tilu hpc vd trung lipc co sd; dupc day trfldng hpc tai mdt sd phd thflc quy md ddo tao dai hpc cao ding, trung hpc ehuyfn hifn vife d?y hpe tilng DTTS trUdng phd thdng nghiep v l day nghi t i l p tue ting vdi tde dd cao; trinh dd nhU: Ninh Thuin, An Giang, Tty Ninh, Cd Mau, Cln Tho, tay nghi, ehuyen mdn ki thuat eua lao ddng tifng bude Olc Lac Gia Lai, Ldo Cai, Yln Bdi Vile day tilng DTTS duoc nlng Iln HI thdng trudng phd thdng d i n tde ndi dupc triln khai d 646 trfldng, 4518 Idp vdi 105.638 HS tru khdng ngflng dupc cflng ed vd phdt triln Hien nay, ed nUde ed tren 1200 gido viln (GV) day tilng Ngdy 04/5/2013, Thd tfldng Chfnh phd da ban hdnh DTTS, blu h i t dIu 11 ngfldi DTTS [2] Quylt djnh sd 692/QO-TTg phe duyet De I n "Xda mu chd Bd Gilo due vd Ddo tao cung nhU cdc tinh vung den nim 2020" Sau hon mdt ndm triln khai thfle hifn, miln nui, vflng d i n tde d i u nhin thfle ring day v l hpe d i n nay, Bd Gido dye v l Oao tao dang khin trflong ehi bing tilng d i n tdc Id van d l rat d n thilt gdp phin ndng dao cdc tlnh, d n cfl myc tieu, nhifm vu eiDa O l dn, tiln ding k l vile hoin thiln ehit Iflpng NNL vdng DTTS hanh xiy dflng va p h i duyet k l hoach thflc hiln xda mfl Tuy nhiln, vife day tilng dan tde vd hpc bing tilng dan chd tai dja phuong [1 ] tdc edn gap nhilu trd ngai chit tflpng gido trinh chfla Mie dfl ed nhOlig tfeh nhu viy t r l n toin eao, thilu tfnh ddng nhat v l dan tdc d d e Idp hpc HS qudc nhung ti tf dan sd khdng bilt chd tai ede vung mdt Idp vdng cao thudng thude nhilu ntidm dan ddn tde vd miln ndi vin edn khd cao Vdng Trung du v l tpc khae Chat lupng GV day tdp ghep ehfla dat yfu miln nfli phfa Ble, tf 11 d i n so 11 DTTS cao nhat, cung la d u , thilu sfl hd tro va khuyin khfch ddi vdt GV d?y ttlng vung ddng d i u v l ti If dan sd trfn IS tudi khdng bilt d i n tdc„ chfl (12,7%) Vung Tay Nguyin v l vdng Ddng bing Sdng Z Thffc trgng vi chdt lumg dgy hgc cho HS DTTS Cflu Long dflng thfl ba va thfl tfl d nflde v l ti I I Hifn tai, van cdn ti If kha eao GV t i l u hpe ehfla dat ddn sd II ngudi DTTS, nhUng ed ti I I ddn sd khdng bilt ehuin (dio tao t h i p nhit Id hf eao ding) Hlln nay, d ehd eao thfl hai vd thfl ba, tuong dng id 11,73% vd 8,4% mdt sd trudng thude miln Tay Nam bd vd Tiy Nguyin, ti Ooi tupng khdng bilt chd chd y l u rot vao nhiifng ngudi tf GV ed trinh dp thap hon cao ding td 37% (de trudng ed dd tudi eao (tren 40 tudi), mdt sd dja phflong ed tl tf chfnh) cdn d c diem trfldng I I ti tf ndy Id 78%.Tai nhilu ngfldi dd tudt lao ddng (tfl 15 trd ten) khdng bilt tinh ti, le GVcdtrinh dd ddo tao dudl ehuin cdn eao: Kon ehd cao nhu: Lai Chdu 42,6%, Ha Giang 34,5%, Difn Bifn Tum 15,72%, Dlk Lik 13,98%, Dlk Ndng 7,37%, Trd Vinh 32,4% [21 7,23% TI I I GV dat y l u d u v l ndng tUc chuyin mdn d Tl tf khdng bilt chfl d clc vilng dan tde va mien d p Trung tioc co sd la 66,48% vd Trung hoe phd thdng nui cao ehd y l u td nhilu ngudi cdc nhdm DTTS II 59,80% [2] Do vdy, mac dCi da ed mdt sd d f l i n d i u tu t i p huln khdng di hpc hode ed di hoc, nhung thdl gian di hpe ft vd chat tupng hpc t i p khdng cao nhiifng khd khin v l eho GV v i phuong phip d^y hoe tteh cfle nhung thdi •KHOA HOC BUU) DUC .GIAD DUC DAN TOC , ^ §: I' E I; 1^ I" \ L r , i • gian tren tdp ngin, chuong trinh hpe nlng, GV thUdng ft hoc eao ding, khdng mudn hpe nghi hode trung hpc dinh thdi gian cho d e HS ehim tilp thu, nhdt nhit Mat eliuyln nghilp Mot bd phdn nfidn d i n ehUa nhdn thdc khie rio cln v l ngdn ngfl nen hau hit FIS DTTS d i u dflpc tam quan trpng cda gido due, ddo tao vd day nghi gap khd khdn v l tilp thu tsai mdi dan din chat tflpng hpc nen khdng mudn eho eon em hpc nghi [3] tdp khdng eao Die dilm cda HS DTTS A viing dan tdc, mien 2.4 Chuang ttinh hoe chffa thffesUphd hgp vdi HS nui Trong qud trinh hpc tdp, sU bien ddi nhdn thfle eda DTTS Hifn tai, d nfldc van dung ehung mdt khung chUemg HS ehju sfl t i c ddng cua ndi dung, phuong phdp vd cle trinh day hpe cho HS khdng phdn bift thj, ndng hinh thfle day hpc dfldi dnh hfldng cOa dilu kifn kinh thdn, HS td ngudt Kinh hay DTTS Do vdy, mac dfl Bd Gilo t l , phong tye t i p qudn, tdi sdng da dflpc hinh thdnh d dye v l Oao tao eho phip d c dia phuong dUOc dieu chinh HS, Nhfl viy, die diem qud trinh nhan thfle cOa HS DTTS 30% ehuotig trinh eho phu hop vdi nhu d u v l dilu kiln bao gdm nhflng y l u td dd dn djnh vd nhiifng y l u td mdl ciia dia phuong nhflng cd mdt sd mdn hpe van ehua thuc phdt triln q u i trinh day hpc va gido dye Ode dilm sfl hdu feh ddi vdi HS; mdtsd kiln thflc khd ddi vdi HS DTTS not bdt tfl eda HS DTTS Id thdi quen tao ddng trf de ehua bin, ngai suy nghT Trong hpe tap, HS cd thdi nin gdy tinh trang ehdn va bd hpe quen suy nghi mdt chtlu, d l thfla nhdn dtlu ngUdi khie 2.5 Thuc argngvi quan hi giffa GVvdHS DTTS Mdi din tdc cd mdt phong tyc, tap qudn va van hod ndi Khi nfu k i t tuan hay hiln tflpng, HS ft di slu tim hilu rifng khiln eho d e thiy ed gido cd the klidng hilu duoe nguyfn nhdn, •j/ nghia hole nhutig diln biln v l j? nghTa cua sy v i f c hien tupng dd Khd nang tU trfle quan HS thudc nhdm DTTS khdc cda minh Trong mdt ldp thdng hinh dnh cfla cdc em tdt hon khd nang tU trflu tflpng thudng ed nhilu nhdm din tdc edng hpe n i n dd GV cd la - togie Phuwig tiln giao tilp chd y l u eua HS I I ddng ngudi DTTS cung khdng t h l d i p flng dupe h i t ngdn ngd tilng Vift, Oay Id bude ehuyen ddi cdn bdn v l phflong cua HS Do vfy, theo dtlu tra, cd trln 50% HS DTTS khdng thflc giao t i l p nhd trUdng Do vdn tfl v l kill ndng mudn din trudng vi khdng hilu bdi GV gidng Cd the diln dat edn han ehi nin nhilu HS ngai t i l p xue thilu t h ^ ring, so vdi d nUdc, dpi ngu GV vung ddn tde vd manh dan vifc trao ddi thdng tin Trong hpe tap, miln ndt ndt chung, GV vdng DTTS ndi rilng cdn ft v l sd ede em ft phat bilu, thdo ludn vi sp sal, xlu hd [4] lupng, ylu vi nlng lflc chuyin mdn Su phit triln nhin d e h eda HS dd tuong ddi dn 2.6.0lktkiinditgivda/sdvdtaidtcdanhdmii/ng Dilu kifn cCia HS DTTS thudng sdng d eae vung dinh So vdi HS ngudi Kinh, ede em ed trdi hon v l t h l xa xdi hio tlnh, cd vj trf xa trUdng hpc, dudng di khdng Ifle mde dii ehju Inh hudng td nhd dilu kiln sdng khd thuin lpi, thiln nhiln khdng ung hd Nhi nude eung da khan HS ylu lao ddng, qujr tinh thay trd, tinh ban, ddu tfl hf thdng trfldng bdn trd, trfldng ndi trCi, tnidng trung thUe, dung d m , Ben eanh nhflng HS ryt r l , tu ti, chuyin bift ddnh rifng cho HS DTTS nhflng ti If bd hpe nhilu HS ed Idng vj tha, ham hilu bilt Qud trinh chu y d mdt sd tfnh ddng DTTS van cao, nhat td ddi vdl HS d p eda HS da phit triln, song l^i hay quen Trang thli chfl y khdng bin giao tilp, giao tuu, die bilt cdc gid Tilu hpc Tfl nam 1991 d i n nay, Nhi nflde da d i u tfl t r l n SOO hpe chinh khod, Nhilu hiln tUOng "ehU y gid tao" xult tl ddng de xdy dflng hf thdng trfldng dan tdc ndi trd hifn gid hpe ddi vdi HS Od la suchu y ed tfnh chit Oa hlnh thdnti h i thdng trudng phd thdng ddn tde npi hinh thflc, tudn theo kl luat, nhflng thfle chit HS khdng trii clc d p nhu sau: 06 trUdng trUe thupe Bd, 47 trUdng t i p trung tu tudng, cung khdng bilu hifn chin nin, thude d c tinh v l 231 trudng tiiudc huyln Nam hoe ptidn dng hole hUng phan Cac nit t i m if nhU y ehf rin luyen, dc quan slt, trf nhd, tfnh kifn tri, tfnh ki tudt eda 2008 - 2009 cd tdng sd 84.677 HS theo hpe (S0.818 HS HS ehua dupe chuin bj ehu dao Qui trinh ehuyin h o i elp Trung hpe eO sd vd 33.859 HS d p Trung hpc phd nhifm vy, yiu d u hpc tap cung nhu eO c h l hinh thdnh thdng) trln dja bdn 49 tinh, thinh phd eua cd nfldc [2] d bdn thdn HS dien cdn eham Do sdng td nhd 2.7 Nguyin nhdn cda thuc trgng khdng gian rpng, tilp xue nhilu vdl thiln nhiln n i n Cdng tdc quin If v l ddo tao, phdt triln NNL miln nhdn thdc d m tinh cua HS phat triln khd tdt Cdm gidc nut chua dupe quan tdm dung mflc nhat td vife xay dflng tri gilc cda d c em ed nhiitng net dpc ddo, nhiln edn chfnh sdch, cp chl, quy hoaeh phdt triln mang tUdi ddo thilu todn dien, chua thay dupe b i n chit cua suvat, hiln tao nghi H I thdng eie co sd day nghi cdn nhilu b i t tupng Qui trinh tri gidc thfldng g i n vdt hlnh ddng trUc elp Ngudn lflc d i u tu cho ddo tao nghi tfl ngdn sleh tilp, g i n vdi mdu sic hap ddn eda suvdt tao xdc elm nhi nude ddi vdi die thfl eda vung miln nui chfla thda d HS Ddl tupng tri gidc cua HS ehi!i ylu Id sUgan gut edy ddng, thilt bj day nghi edn thilu, mdt bd phin cdn bd coi, vat, thiln nhiln; tri giac thdi gian bing nhiifng qudn 11 day nghi ehua cd kinh nghifm thuc tien, GV quy ude cd tinh edng ddng nhd thilu ehuan mfle, nhu thilu v l sd tupng, han c h l v l chat tupng ChUOng trinh khoing vdi qud ddi, vdi cdi gao, budi Ilm thay cho d c v l ndi dung dIo tao nghe chim ddi mdi de b i t kjp vdi dai tupng thdl gian va khdng gian [4] ylu d u cda thj trUdng lao ddng Mit khde, d c co sd ddo Mdt sd bien phip nlng cao CLGD cho HS DTTS t^o nghi chua chd ddng g i n kit gida dao tao vdi gidi quyet vile tdm, ehUa b i t tay duoc vdi cdc doanh nghiep miln nui, vCing dan tdc 4.1 Biin phdp 1: Ndng cao CLGD thdng qua tgo ca d l tim "diu ra" cho HS hpc nghi [3] Cdng tdc gido due hudng nghiep eho HS vd phy hgi dm HS DTTS Sugc hgc dhi thdng t^c truffng chuyin huynh cdn nhilu ban chl, phdn ludng HS sau trung hpc biet vd hgc tgi ede trffdng dgi hoc, eao ding CO s d v l trung hpc phd thdng gap nhilu khd khdn.Tdm tf Bi tang eUdng co hdi hpe tap eho HS DTTS vdng phd biln cOa HS vd cha me HS vin mong mudn hpe dai miln ndi, vung din tde cln phdt triln loai hlnh trUdng sti 122-THANG 11/2015* 55 A GIAO DUC DAN TOC _ chuyen bjet danh cho ddi tupng eon em eda ddng bdo - Can thu hut dupe GV, sinh vien tdt nghifp eae DTTS, mien nui, vung die bift khd khdn nhu trUdng ndi trudng su pham v l day tai d e khu vUc mien ndi, hit dio, tru, tn/dng ban tid, d e trUdng, khoa dy bj dai hpc Cd vung khd khdn, xa xdi, h i o idnh, cd cle chfnh sdch Uu d l l ging ddu tu xdy dung cac trucmg not tru v l cd d e chfnh tdt d l klu gpi GV nhiet tinh tham gia gido due HS DTTS sach hd tref dac bift eho HS DTTS vung sdu, vung xa va 4.4 fiiln phdp 4: Ndng eao CLGD cha HS DTTS vdng dac bift khd khan thdng qua qudn lidpi ngu cdn bd ngffdi DTTS sau ddo Can thue hiln nguyen tac tuyln sinh vdo hpc tat tgo Mdi dia phuemg d n quy hoach ngudn d n bp cho d c trudng ttidng dan tpe not tru la HS DTTS, hoac ft nhat 11 HS dan tde Kinh t d cdc viJng ddn tde va mien ndi tdng ITnh vfle nganh nghe phd hpp nhfl gid^o dye y t l , xa xdi, heo b e tao dilu kifn eho HS DTTS, sd lupng thdy Ipi, giao thdng Sau do, cdn cfl tren sd lupng cln HS ddn tdc Kinh dupe phep tuyln sinh vdo d c trUdng bp dd quy hoach, i^a phuong cfl HS DTTS da tdt nghilp phd thdng dan tpe ndi trd khdng dUpc vupt qua 5% tdng trung hoe phd ttidng cfi ddo tao tai d e trfldng dai hpc eao ding, ddng thdi theo ddi slt q u i trinh hpc tap eCia sd HS dupe phep tuyln smb Nhd nudc d n tang chl tieu efl tuyln va ho trp kinh cde HS dugc cii di ddo tao va yeu cau d c em dugc cfl di phi cho HS DTTS tilp tye dUOe hpc tai cdc trUdng dai hpc phli quay v l dja phUOng cdng tde, edng hien eho hoc, eao dang Cln mien hpe phi cho HS DTTS hpe tai ede miln nfli, vdng ddn tde trudng dai hoe eao ding, cho d e dot tflpng HS dde bift Day manh edng t i c hudng nghiep d dja phuang, khd khan, cd ctiinh sdeh ho trp ehd an d vd hpe bdng eho cln Idm tdt cdng tde gido due hudng nghifp td clc ddi tupng HS DTTS ed k i t qud hpc tap tdt HS dang hoc trung hpe cO sd de HS djnh hfldng dung d i n v l ngdnh, nghi m l minh theo duoi, tfl dd xac djnh 4.2 Biin phdp 2: Ndng eao CLGD thdng qua dot mcS npi dung ehuang trinh vdphffUng phdp, ki thudt dgy hgemuc dfch, ddng co, thai dd hoe t i p rd rdng tieh cffc ddi vdi HS DTTS K i t l u i n Trln ea sd nghiln edu ve nang eao CLGD phat Cln ed vdo dac dilm cOa HS DTTS, thUc trang v l gilo dye HS DTTS, dilu quan trpng can thay ddt Id chUong trien NNL, chflng tdi da nghien edu v l thuc trang CLGD trinh day hpe eho phfl hpp vdi ddi tUong HS DTTS cho HS DTTS hifn nay, ddng thdi tim hieu nguyfn nhdn Cln ed ehfnh sdeh cho cde dja phuang dupe thay ddi d c cda thUe trang dd DUa trfn cO sd thUe tien, chung tdi de ndi dung vd tU ehpn mdt sd mdn hpc phu hop vdi dae xuat d c biln phip nlng eao CLGD phdt trien NNL dilm vung mien.Dexuat Bd Gilo dye vd Oao tao dUa mpt eho miln nui, vflng d i n tpc Clc bien phap ed quan he sd mdn hpc liln quan d i n kiln thfle dia phflong g i n gui m i t thiet vdl nhau, n l u I p dung ddng bd clc biln phip vdi HS DTTS Cd the viet cde chuong trinh day hpc tieng segiup phdt trien NNL cho miln nfli, vdng d i n tde Vift song song vdi tieng ddn tde de HS DTTS cd t h l ed ngudn tdi tifu tham khdo tdt hOn TAILIIUTHAMKHAO [1] Ciy ban Din tdc (2015), Didn Phdt trien ngudn Can to chdc cho GV thudng xuyen cdc dpt tap huln v l phflong phdp va kT thuit tich eflc de GV van dyng mdt nhan lut ddn tdc thiiu so Ha NdL [2] Uy ban Dan tdc vd UNDP, (2010), DU anyiE02/001 cdch tinh boat d e phuong phap day hpc HS DTTS giup ndng cao ehat lUOng day hoe; ndng cao hdng - SEDEM A & EMPCD v l Tang cu'dng ndng yyt c/io OyfaonDon tdc xdy dung thffc hiin vd gidm sdt chlnh sdch ddn tdc thfl hpc tap cho HS DTTS [3].http-//cema.gav.vn/wps/portalAapchidantoc/nghien Nhd nude cln d i u t U v l phuong tifn day hpc va tai lieu tham khdo, sdeh gtao khoa d l gtOp HS DTTS cd t h l cuulyluan/chitiet/ [4] Pham Hdng Quang, (2003), Tochdc dqy hqc cho tilp xue dan vdi ede phuong tifn day hoc hifn dat vd theo kjp sU phit triln cua giao dye giup HS DTTS tilp can dan hqc sinh ddn tdc, miin nui, NXB Oai tipc SU pham [5] Bdo cdo Tinh hinh gido dye ddn tdc vd phuang vdi cdc phuang phap hpc d tale Oat hpe vd dam tDdo dd hudng din ndm 2020 cua Bp Gido dgc vd Ddo tgo dilu kifn tham gia hpc cdc bae hpc cao hon [6] Nguyen Sinh Oudng, Gido due ddo tqo vdl phdt 4.3 Biin pbdp 3: Ndng eao CLGD eho HS DTTS didng qua ehinh sdeh UU tiin dgy vd hge bdng tieng ddn tdc trien NNL chdt lUdng cao d nUdc ta hiin nay, Tap chi Cong sdn dien tfl, nam 2015 O l phdt triln NNL eho ddng bao mien ndi, vdng ddn [7] Oang Xuin Hoan, Phdt trien nguon nhdn lUc Viit tpc d i u tien phli quan tdm phdt trtln v l tri tue, tddd thay Nam giai dogn 2015 - 2020 ddp Ung yiu cdu day mqnh ddi v l nhdn thflc eua ngUdi DTTS Tuy nhiln, vung miln cdng nghiip hda, hiin dqi hdq vd hdi nhqp quSc ti,Tap chf ndi, ddn tdc cd nhieu ddn tdc khdc eflng sinh sdng, Cdng sin diln td, nam 2015 hpc tap, di ed t h l hilu dupe phong tue tap qudn eCia ngUdi dan tde, khdng h i t chfnh td d e GV bdn dja hode GV dflOc SUMMARY ddo tao ndi tieng ddn tpc mudn vay: Developing ethnichuman resources is a long process - Can phdi ed quy tioach chiln luoc v l dao tao dpi ngu with difflculties and challenges with the aim to create a GVday tilng dan tpe ed t h l cd HS DTTS theo diln edtuyin, solid foundation for sustainable development in ethnic difn SOA v l dao tao GV day tilng ddn tdc hole thu hut d c minority and mountainous areas The article presents sinh viln d l tdt nghifp dai hoc cao ddng ve day ttlng din several issues: l/The real situation of education in ethnic tdc and mountainous areas; 2/Characteristics of ethnic - Cln dau tuco sdvat chat eho HS DTTS t d mam minority students; 3/Solutions to improve quality of non v l ddi mdi not dung day mdm non theo hudng day educationtorethnic minoritystudents tilng Vift eho HS mam non, dd la tiln d l de HS cd till giao Keywords: Improvement of education quality; ethnic minority; ethnic minority and mountainous areas tilp vd fioc t)lng tilng Vilt d d e bac hpc eao hon •KHOA HOC G U O DUG ... thay cho d c v l ndi dung dIo tao nghe chim ddi mdi de b i t kjp vdi dai tupng thdl gian va khdng gian [4] ylu d u cda thj trUdng lao ddng Mit khde, d c co sd ddo Mdt sd bien phip nlng cao CLGD cho. .. DTTS giup ndng cao ehat lUOng day hoe; ndng cao hdng - SEDEM A & EMPCD v l Tang cu''dng ndng yyt c/io OyfaonDon tdc xdy dung thffc hiin vd gidm sdt chlnh sdch ddn tdc thfl hpc tap cho HS DTTS [3].http-//cema.gav.vn/wps/portalAapchidantoc/nghien... bae hpc cao hon [6] Nguyen Sinh Oudng, Gido due ddo tqo vdl phdt 4.3 Biin pbdp 3: Ndng eao CLGD eho HS DTTS didng qua ehinh sdeh UU tiin dgy vd hge bdng tieng ddn tdc trien NNL chdt lUdng cao d