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0 9 NGHIENCUU DANH GIA KET QUA HOC TAP THEO DjNH HlTdNG NANG LUC HANH NGHE CUA HOC SINH TRONG CAC CO Sd DAY NGHE LDItvande Ddnh gid theo ning lye (Competency Based Assessment) dypc eoi Id mdt xu hudng[.]
0 NGHIENCUU DANH GIA KET QUA HOC TAP THEO DjNH HlTdNG NANG LUC HANH NGHE CUA HOC SINH TRONG CAC CO Sd DAY NGHE ThS NGUYEN QUANG VI|T vif R NahiSn ciiru Khoa hoc D^r nglitf LDItvande Ddnh gid theo ning lye (Competency - Based Assessment) dypc eoi Id mdt xu hudng tilp d n chit lupng hidn ddo tao vd phlt triln ngudn nhin ly: ddp dng nhu d u cOa thi trudng lao ddng Td competency dupe mdt sd tdc gil Vidt Nam diing vdi tdn gpi "ning lyc thuc hidn" mudn nhin manh din sy thyc hidn (performance) mOt nhidm vu, edng vide ey thi cda nghi Song, theo thdi quen phd biln xl hdi, td"hdnh nghi" lai dUpc sd dung rlt cd y nghia thyc tiln, chSng han nhy "ning lye hdnh nghl""chCmg ehl hdnh nghl"''gily phdp hdnh nghi", 'ngudi hdnh nghi" "qudn II hdnh nghi", "eo sd hdnh nghi y, dupc tu nhin" VI bin chit, ning lyc hinh nghi (NLHN) vd ning luc thye hlln eCia ngudi lao dOng dlu thi hidn d sy hilu bilt cdng vide d ning suit, hidu qud da va dang thyc hidn nghi hole tllmlndledthlsddyngtrong tuong lai.Tuy nhiln, ngoai didn cda khdi nidm NLHN rdng hon vdi bdn phuong diln ehii ylu: thuc hidn edng vide qudn II cdng vide, xd lltinh hudng bat ngd vd xly dung mdi trudng Ilm vile Vide dting khdi nidm NLHN mang tfnh phd qudt hon, va theo chiing tdi, NLHN vdl y nghTa Id 'thudc tinh tdm sinh II vd trinh dd chuyin mdn de hodn thdnh dUpc mdt hole nhilu cdng vile theo d c tidu chuIn tuong dng vd mdi trddng hogt ddng thye t l eiia nghi" Vidt Nam d l ed trin 100 bd tilu ehuIn ki ning nghi (KNN) qudc gia dupc ban hanh theo khung 05 ble trinh dp, vide ddnh gid vd cdng nhin KNN cdn II vin d l mdi, dang glal dogn chuIn bj vd td chdc thuc hlln.Trong dd, hogt ddng dinh gil kit qud hpc tip d c eo sd dgy nghi vin ehua thyc su ddi mdi theo hudng tilp cin NLHN Mdc dii nhdng nim gin dly, ddi mdi chuong trinh vd phuong phdp day hpe nghi d l ed thdnh tyu ddng kl, mdt s6 nghi da duac thf dilm thi tdt nghidp trinh dp cao ding theo di thi chung, nhung v l eo bdn, khIu ddnh gid kit qui hpe tip vin chua thyc sy dupc edi tiln rd ret v l quy trinh, phuong phdp vd edng cu Boat ddng dinh gid chO ylu ttiy thuOe vdo nang lyc ddo tao cua nhl trudng m l ehi/a thUc sy gin vdi trinh dp cdng ngh^ vd td chdc sin xult thyc tien HI qud tat 36 •KHOA Hpc GlAO DVC ylu Id kit qui hpe tip cCia hpc viln tdt nghilp chug phdn dnh dung NLHN cOa hp Bdi vilt ndy nhdn di^n mdt sd vin di vl thuC trgng v l d l xult glli phdp thuc hidn ddnh gil kit qud hpc t$p djnh hudng NLHN cdc co sdday nghi dVl^t Nam Mot so ton tal v l nguydn nhan cd bin ddnh gid ket qui hpc nghi 2.1.f\A6ts6t6ntgl ThUnhdt, dinh gil tal d c co sd dgy nghi dug trin myc tilu vd nOI dung md dun/mdn hpc ndn dCi cde hpe vidn hpe nghi sau tdt nghidp cd kit qud eao song Igi chua phln Inh dung NLHN Nhiimg han ehl v l NLHN cd t h i k l II sy tuln thd an toln lao dOng, v^ sinh cdng nghilp, kindng td chOt vd phdi hpp Ilm vide nhdm, ning thfch dng vdi sU thay ddi ciia cdng nghf Dilu dd bdc 10 Id hdng vi cd chilu slu lln b l rdng NLHN eCia ngudi hpc trdde ydu elu cda thj trudng lao dOng ThU hai, ddo tgo II thuylt chuyin mdn nghi dupe coi td tdt nhung thyc t l ddi Igi khdng dting eho d c edng vi§c cCia nghi mdc dii chuong trinh ddo tgo da dupe thilt k l dya trdn phln tlch nghi, phln tich edng vile Khi xem xlt Igi kit d u cOa dc chyong trinh die tao nghi cho thIy ring, dung typng kiln thye khdng t h i hlln mdc dO thilt ylu, tdi thilu phdi cd de hodn thinti cdng vile ThUba, da c6 su ehlnh Idch Idn giCfa ddnh gia cua CO sd dgy nghi vdl co sd sd dyng lao dOng Nd t h i hi^n vide dinh gid kit qud hpc tdp thudng khdng hudng theo dlu gin vdi tidu chuIn kT ning/tilu chuIn ning lyc (TCNL) dupe quy dinh bdi doanh nghidp vd ngddl sd dyng lao ddng md chCi ylu dua trdn kinh nghilm cOa gilo viln vd dilu kiln sin cd cOa eosd dgy nghi JhUtU, kit qui ddnh gil vdn Id mOt khIu trpng ylu ei^a qui trinti ddo tgo nghi mdi chl sddungxip logi hpc tip ciia ngddi hpe m l chda thyc sU dupc quan tdm dung mde dupe phln tfch khoa hpc nhIm muc dfch cdi tiln chit tuong dgy hpc nghi 2.2 Nguyin nhdn Sd di edn nhOmg tdn tai tren Id mdt so nguyin nhin eo bin sau: NGHIEN cum C Q Mdt Id, h l l n m I c dti p h l n tdn cdc ehuong trinh dao tao n g h i dUpc xdy dyng dya t r i n k i t q u i p h l n tich n g h i , phdn tfch cdng v i l e nhUng k i t d u ehuong trinh gdm e l md-dun vd mdn hpc Ddng thdi, n h i l u md-dun khdng duoc t h i l t k l mdi lidn he vdi don vj TCNL md van k i t d u theo t i p hpp cdc bai tf t h u y l t vd b l i thyc hdnh r i l n g re, chug tfch hpp kien thde kTndng vd thdi dp n g h i nghidp mdt cdch trpn ven Hai Id, ngudn lyc tdt chfnh hgn e h l d i n d i n eo sd vdt chit, trang t h i l t bj diing eho thyc hdnh kT ndng cho mdt sd n g h i h o l e cua co sd dgy n g h i v i n chua d i p Cmg du v l sd lupng vd chung logi, e l p n h l t v l cdng nghe Cde d i l u kidn d n t h i l t d l ngudi hpc thyc hdnh vl t h i khdng dupe bdo ddm vd k i t qud ddnh gid thudng ehl cd gid tri n h l t djnh phgm vi ciia nha trudng md ft chOmg td sy thUe hidn tgi noi Idm vide Ba Id, p h l n Idn g i l o vidn day n g h i cd It kinh nghidm thye tien sdn x u l t v l thdm ehi chda hieu b i l t v l tidu ehuIn KNN, chda dupc ddo tgo, bdi dudng v l phuong phdp v l ki n i n g ddnh g i l NLHN Vi^c ddnh gid khdng dupc t i l n hdnh thudng xuyIn md chO yeu Id hinh thdc kiem tra dinh kl v l danh g i l tdng kit, khdng eung d p kjp thdi thdng tin phdn hdi cho ngddi hpe d l bdo d i m cde y l u td phat trien NLHN cda ngUdi h p c Bdn Id, hpc v i l n van chua quen vdi vide t u hpe t y ddnh gid theo tilu chf thyc hidn, t d t u nhgn thdc vd d i l u chlnh lien tuc de k i t qud thyc hdnh KNN tdt hem Khi m l ngudi hpe edn thye h i i n cdng vide mdt each mdy mdc, thy dpng thi gdp d e tinh hudng mdi h o l e cdc v i n di cd tfnh phdc tap n g h i deu khd thfch dng, khdng dua d c phuong I n gldl quyet khd thi v l thye hidn h i l u qud Ndm Id, d c doanh nghidp chua thye sy tham gia vdo qud trinh ddo tao ed ctiieu sdu vd ed tfnh c h i t liln k i t hd thdng, tao mdi quan hd hOfu co ddo tao-sddung Nguyin nhdn xa hon Id chua ed ehinh sleh c h l tal eu t h i h o l e d i l u kidn r i n g budc d l cdc doanh nghidp cd t h i s d d y n g ud t h i cOng nhutang cudng trIch n h i l m ddi vdi dao tgo n g h i , bao gdm c l ddnh gia KNN cua ngudi h p c G i l i p h a p thdc hien danh gia ket q u i hoc tap dinh hUdrng NLHN S I V e c d c h e chinh sach: a 3&y dung khung oinh dp quoc gia (National Qualifications Framework) V i l t Nam dang thieu cd sd l u l t phdp d l trien khai xay dung khung trinh d d qudc gia bao gdm khung trinh dd n g h i qudc gia Khung trinh dd qudc gia chua h i dupc de cdp b i t kl v i n bdn c h i l n lupe chlnh sdch hay cdc khung phdp li Hen quan d i n gido due vd day n g h i Mdt s6 thudt ngd lidn quan cd t h i khd h i l u hodc dupe sU dyng cd t h i l l n vdi n h u t i l u c h u I n KNN, t i l u chuIn n g h i nghllp,' TCNL, h i thdng trinh dp V i n d l d n g i l i q u y l t Id tlch hpp khung trinh d d qudc gia vdi tidu chuIn KNN qudc gia md khung trinh dd qude gia cdng midu td trinh dd thdng qua k i l n thde ki n i n g v l thdi dp md mOt ngudi tdt nghidp c i n cd v l p h l l eho t h I y ehtmg cd Trong thdi gian t6' d n td chdc nhCfng hdi t h i o vdi s u t h a m gia cda d c bdn tidn quan n h I m giup eho ele n h l I l m chinh sdeh h i l u b i l t v l k h l l nidm, vai trd, gid tri, t i m quan eCia khung trinh dp qude gia v l tao su ddng t h u I n vide x l y dyng khung trinh dp qudc gia Vide x l y dung khung trinh dd qude gia d n dua vdo ede v i n bdn chfnh sleh, chiln lupe p h l t t r i l n gido dye v l dgy n g h l D l l u n l y cung phii hdp vdi Nghi q u y l t cda Dai hdi D i n g l l n t h d XI d l p h l t t r i l n mdt n I n g i l o due chuan hda, hidn dai hda, x l hpi hda, d i n chd hda v l hOi nhIp qude t i T i l p sau, c i n t h i e h l hda nhufng chlnh sdch, chiln lupc di hinh thdnh c o c h i dUa khung trinh dO vdo thye tien, di dp dung cho hd thdng gido due vd day n g h i cung nhu xd li cdc quan hd lao dpng Hon nda, Viet Nam can ed khung trlnh dp qudc gia tham chilu khung trinh d d khu vuc di tiln tdi cdng nhan Ian v l trinh dp vd KNN gida ede nude Cdng ddng kinh te ASEAN 2015 b Thdc dSy tiin trinh triin khai hi thong cdng nhpn kindng vd tuyin dung lao dpng theo chieng cMKNN Thyc tiln tuyen, sddyng vd trd luong cho ngudl lao ddng hien p h l n n h i l u dyg trdn van b i n g ddo tao md khdng theo NLHN Khi m l chug ed mdt khung trinh dp dupc md td rd rdng d moi ble hole chua cd hd thdng k i l m dinh trinh dd dCi tin c l y g i n vdi ehuIn d l u thi d c doanh nghidp vd ngUdl sd dung lao dpng chi cdn b i l t dya vdo hinh thde trinh dd trdn vdn b i n g tdt nghidp cCia cdc Cmg vien Vide t h i l t lap hd thdng edng nhgn KNN qude gia khdng nhdng phyc vy cho vide tuyen dung m l cdn tao dOng lyc khuyin khich ngydi lao ddng khdng ngdng n i n g cao trinh dO ehuydn mdn eCia minh Ddng thdi, tidu chl t u y I n dung phdi thdng n h l t vdl hd thdng ddnh gid, d p ehCmg ehl KNN qude gia vd bao dam r i n g mpi n g u ^ lao ddng hdnh n g h i deu dupe ddnhgld.Tat n h i l n , d i t h u c hidn gidi phdp Slf80-THiUjG!>/2D1Z