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OANH GIA KET QUA HOC TAP MON VAT U Cim HOG SINH IHHH6 HOC M IHlNG IHEO G''''HHJIN KitN IHOG, III NAHG TS LE THj THU HIEN* HUYNH OINH THAO T R A N G " 1 Danh gia ket qua hpc tap (DGKQHT) cua hpc sinh (HS)[.]
OANH GIA KET QUA HOC TAP MON VAT U Cim HOG SINH IHHH6 HOC M IHlNG IHEO G'HHJIN KitN IHOG, III NAHG TS LE THj THU HIEN* - HUYNH OINH THAO T R A N G " Danh gia ket qua hpc tap (DGKQHT) cua hpc sinh (HS) OGKQHT cua HS la mpt nhiing to quan trpng ciia qua trinh dgy hpc Vide danh gia kjp thtil va chinh xac se giiip cho HS thd'y dupc kit qua hgc tgp (KQHT) cua ea nhdn, tii co eac bien phdp phd'n dd'u, dilu chinh qua trinh hpc tap (HT) ctia ban thdn, dong thtil cung d p eae thong tin phan hoi huu ich giup gido vidn (GV) va can bp quan li co cae quy^ djnh phli hpp nhdm 6al dupc muc tidu giao due d l OGKQHT mon Vit li cua HS theo chuan kiln thiie, kT ndng (KT, KN) Id van 6e can dupc quan tdm nghidn ciiu vd tim hlu thuc hign a cac trudng tmng hpc thong (THPT) hien OGKQHT la qua trinh hinh nhting nhdn xet ho§e kit ludn v l KQHT eua HS theo mue tidu day hpe da xac djnh trudre nhdm dua quye't djnh giiip dilu ehinh qua trinh dgy va hpc tot hpn Kiem tra KQHT cua HS la mpt qua trinh thu thdp cac thdng tin v l KT, KN, thai dp cua HS mpt each day du, diing ddn, chinh xac vtii ndng luc eua HS lam CO sd cho vigc OGKQHT eiia HS Nhu vdy, muon danh gia thi phai thong qua kiem tra, qua trinh kilm tra khong tach rai va dien qua trinh danh gid Oong thai, qua trinh ludng la yd'u to djnh lupng rd't quan trpng dinh gii, la SI/so sanh eac thong tin thu dupc tii qua trinh kii'm tra vtii mpt tap hpp cae tidu chi da d l tartJc do, gpi la dPn vj Oe eo the luong dupc KQHT Clia HS can phai co eac bp cong cu hop li Cong eg CO tinh chd't eo ban: dp gia trj la kha ndng eua cdng eu cho gia trj thue ciia dai lupng cin do; dp tmng thi/e la kha ndng luon eung cap ciing mpt gia trj cua ciing mpt dai lupng do; dp nhgy la kha ndng cua dgng cu co the phdn bigt dupe hai dai lupng chi khae rd't it Oo ludng nhdm k/gng gii hode lugng hda KQHT ciia HS vdi eac thang khae khau Lugng gii la su mo ta thong tin v l trinh d$ KT, KN hode thai dp ciia HS Lugng hda la qua trinh thue hign sau lupng gia de xac djnh miic dp dat dupe KQHT eua HS Vide lupng hoa cin sii dung din cac thang khde nhu: Thang djnh danh, thang djnh hang, thang djnh khoang Dua vao mue dieh tiln hanh, eo the phdn loai OGKQHT gom loai nhu sau; - Binh gia chi'n doan dupe tiln hanh tn/de day mpt chuang hay mpt van d l quan trpng nao giijp eho GV ndm dupe tinh hinh nhung KT lien quan co HS, nhung diem HS ndm vung, nhirng 16 hong ein bo khuylt, d l quylt dinh each day eho thich hpp; - Dinh gii qua trinh dupe tiln hanh nhilu lln giang day nhdm eung cap nhiing thong tin kjp thdi de G V va HS dilu chmh each day va each hpc, ghi nhdn xet kit qua tiing phan dung lam co sd cho vide djnh hudng hoat dpng day va hpe tilp theo, lam cho nhirng hoat dpng co higu qua hon Vide thu thdp vd xii li thong tin dd theo doi su tiln bp va ho trp eae bude tilp theo cOa vide day vd hpe dupc gpi la danh gia qua trinh Thong qua kit qua danh gia nay, G V co the danh gia dupe kit qua dgy hpc d i d i l u chinh npi dung va phuang phap dgy hpc (PPDH), hudng ddn cho HS HT tot han; HS cGng ttiay dupc uu diem va khuyet dilm eua minh de phat huy va khde phuc; - Binh gii td'ng kit tie'n hdnh kit thiie mon hpe, khoa hpe bdng nhiing ki thi nhdm danh gia tong quat KQHT, doi chiai vdi nhiing muc tieu de de cung cd'p thong tin v l KQHT cua HS so vdi mue tieu giao due ciia mdi giai dogn; la ca s(J de phdn loai HS nhung khong gop phln eai thign KQHT ciia HS giai doan HT dupc danh gia Tuy nhien, no vdn co the gop phln lam ca sd cho vide eai tiln giai doan HT tilp theo tuang lai, cho nhiing Idp HS ke tie'p Ra quyeidinh la khdu cuoi Cling ciia OGKQHT Dua va nhirng djnh hudng khau danh gia, GV quye't djnh nhihng bign phap cu the d l boi dudng HS kha, gioi hay giiip dd HS ylu kem ' Tnrting Dir b| dai IIQC dan t$c Sam SOB " Tnrdng THPT Thai Binh Duong, Quan Binh Tliaiik, TP Ho Cbi Will Tap ehi Gido due so 302 (ki2-1/2013) • DGKQHT mon Vat li cua HS theo chuan KT.KN Chuang trinh, SGK mon Vat lid tn/dng THPT hidn dupc xdy dung theo hudng tilp can npi dung, nghTa la KQHT cua HS ein ludng miic dp dgt dupc he thong cac tieu chi v l chud'n KT, KN da dupc xac djnh vd ban hdnh tn/de Chuan bao gom cae ydu clu eo ban, toi thilu v l KT, KN eiia mon hpc ma HS ein phai vd co the dgt dupe sau mil dan vj KT, ehu d l ; dutJc neu dly du nhiing yeu eau cu the, ehi tilt, ro rang v l KT, KN HS cin dat dupc sau m6i chu d l Ody la edn cii xac djnh mue tieu day hpe, muc tieu kilm tra ddnh gia Chuan KT, KN chuang trinh giao due thong e63 dac dilm chinh: chuan dupe chi tilt, tudng minh bdi cae yeu cau cu the', ro rdng v l KT, KN; chud'n co tinh toi thilu, nhdm dam bao mpi HS cin va co the dgt dupe nhirng yeu elu cu thi ndy; chuan Idttianhphln cua chuang trinh giao due thdng dam bao vide chi dgo day hpc, kilm tra, ddnh gia theo chud'n se tao nen su thong nhd't ca nudc, lam han ehl tinh trang day hpc qua tai, dua thdm nhilu npi dung ndng n l , qua cao so vdi chud'n KT thong, tgo dilu kidn ca ban va quan trpng de co the to chiic kiem tra, danh gid theo chuan Vi du: Dgy hpc mon Vdt li d d p THPT nhdm giiip HS dat dupc he thong muc ttdu tong quat dupc sdp xlp theo bon linh vuc KT, KN, thai dp va tu nhu sau: - VeKT:r\im viing vd tai hidn dupc eac KT v l cae suklen hien tuang, cac khdi niem, cac nguyen li, cac djnh ludt, cac qua trinh Vitlihoc va dong thdi phai bilt van dung eae KT dd vao cac tn/tirng hap phiic hpp, thilt k l dupc phuang an phai tim cac thong so cin ttii^ d l giai thich cac sukien, hign tupng lien quan; - VeKN:rer\ luyen eae KN nhdn thiie nhu giai quylt van d l , quylt djnh, tu logic, tu phe phan, sang tao dong thdi ren luyen KN tdm van nhu nhdn nhiing dd'u higu cu the, quan sat dupc, CO quy trinh rieng; cd the giai cac bdi li thuan thuc va dp (dung vao eae tn/dng hop rieng bigt; co KN thuc hdnh, lam dupe cdc thi nghiem theo mdu va dp dung vao eac trudng hpp tuong tu; - Ve tuduy: Co kha nang diln dgt chinh xde, ro rang y tudng cua minh va hilu dupe y tuong ciia ngudi khae Kha ndng quan sat, dudoan, suy ludn hcxp li va suy ludn bgic Phat trien tri tuang tupng khong gian Phat trie'n cac phd'm chat cua tu duy, ddc bigt la tu linh hoat, dpc lap va sang tao; - Ve tinh cam vi thii do: HS phai CO y ttiiic tu hpc, hop tae, trdn trpng qua lao dpng cua minh va ngudi khae; ren luyen diic tinh d n Cli, vupt kho, d n ttidn, ehinh xac, ki ludt, sang 54 Tap chi Gido due so 302 tao; xdy dung nang luc nhdn thiic tham mT, si/ hiing thu vatutintrong HT Cac muc tieu tong quat tren dupc eg the hod thdnh chud'n KT, KN chuong irinh giao dgc mon Vatii, \Ci do, co the phdn loai cde muc tieu v l KT, KN theo miic dp ciia nhdn thiic dua theo thang danh gia cua Bloom nhu sau: nhin biet(r\M lai hode nhdn cae khai niem ca ban theo dung dang da dupc hpe, khong bdt bupc phai the hidn su am hieu, sii dung dupe hoac bidn doi nd); thong hie'u (am hieu cae tai lieu da dupc hpc d dang dan le, khong doi hoi phai chi mol lien he gii/a chiing); van dung (su dung cac khai nidm ea ban d l giai quye't dupc van d l eg the"), phin tich (phdn tich, tach eai toan t h i eac phln ridng le); td'ng hgp (tgo y tudng mdi tiir vide lien kit eac y tudng khae nhau); dinh gii (phdn xet, phe phan, phan dodn gia tri cua tai lieu hoac phuang phdp iirng dung vao tinh huong eu the') Chud'n KT, KN chuang trinh, eac bdi toan Vdt li dupc quy djnh cu the cho tiing chu d l , do, tiln hdnh klem tra, OGKQHT cuoi chuang, cuoi hpe ki vd cuoi nam hpc thi can tieu chi hod cac chua'n cho phli Uqp Npi dung danh gia phai bao quat dly 6u nhimg npi dung HT dupc quy djnh chuang trinh, dam bao trpng tdm vd (Jo sdu eua KT, khong nen chi diing lai d cdu hoi d miic dp nhan bilt ma phai chgn li/a nhiing cdu hoi dmiie dp thong hilu va van dung Phai xac djnh dupe cac thao tde, hoat dpng tuang iing theo chud'n KT, KN npi dung danh gia de lam ea sd eho vide bien soan cong cu dam bao danh gia dung ndng lue cua HS Ooi vdi HS THPT, can tap tmng OGKQHT d ba cap dp nhan thiie ban dau, dd la: nhdn bilt, thdng hid'u, van dung Do eo nhirng chuan dupc mo ta mpt each chung chung, khai quat nen d l (Janh gid dupe KQHT cua HS mpt each khdeh quan, cong bang thi viec soan cdu hoi theo chud'n KT, KN co t h i ttiuc hien ttieo quy trinh sau: - Budc /.'Phan loai cac chuan KT, KN theo d p dp nhdn ttiiic (nhdn bilt, thong hid'u, van dung); - Budc 2: Xdc dinli cac thao tac, hoat dpng tuong ting ciia HS theo ehud'n KT, KN can kie'm tra, danh gia; - Bude 3: Xac djnh mdt so dang toan ca ban va nhung sai lim thuiimg gap ciia HS lam bai kiem tra; - Budc 4;Xdy dung bang trpng so eua bp edu hdi; - Budc 5: Bidn soan, thu' nghiem, phan tieh, hoan thign bp cdu hoi Viee phan tich cdu hdi sau to chiire danh gia cho biet hidu qua ciia d l thi Tir do, dilu chinh cho hcrp li de co dupe bp cdu hdi ehinh xac va higu qua •(ki2-1/2013) han Viec phdn tich cdu hoi trie nghiem ttiudng su dung Li thuyet trie nghiim cd'dien (CTT - Classcal Test Theory) bao gom cacttianhft/uli luan Ben quan den ttiilt kicac cong eu ludng, eac mo hinh dudng cong giai ttiich KQHT va giai ttiich cac ttiong ke v l die'm tmng binh, dp lech chud'n cua die'm so, dp tin cdy va dp phdn bigt ciia bai trdc nghiem, su tuang quan giiia die'm so moi cdu hdi va td'ng dilm toan bai trdc nghiem, va Li thuylt iing dap cdu hdi (Item Response Theoiy - IRT) Theo li thuylt IRT, dp khd cua cdu hdi khong phu thupc vao cac thi sinh tra kii cdu hdi dd va ngupc lai, nang luc cua ttii sinh la bat biln doi vdi cae edu hdi dupc thue hidn Thong qua mo hinh dudng cong ddc trung dupe lira chpn, can Cli vao kit qua lam bai ciia HS, thu tue udc tinh kha ndng kim nhat xde suit ttiong ke dupc su dung nhu mpt thu tuc lap nhdm udc lupng dong thdi eac ttiam so cua edu hdi va ndng luc cila thi sinh Kit qua ctJa vide udc tinh se cho eae kit qua djnh lupng vettiamso eua cdu hdi va ndng luc cua thi sinh eung vdi eae chi so v l dp phu h(7p cua mdi cdu hdi doi vdi mo hinh A\S(ic lua ehpn Li thuyd't h i trp rat tot eho vigc chuan hda cae d l kiem tra va ludng ehinh xac ndng lue eua HS dupc tiln hanh cd muc (!ich, eo k l hogch, gdn vdi eac chud'n danh gia Vide danh gia tren co sd chud'n KT, KN cua mon hpe se hinh each ddnh gia than thiert, tgo su tu tin va hiing thii HT cda HS, gop phln ndng cao chdi lupng giao due d tiudng phd'ttiong • Tai lieu tham khao NguySn Tlij Lan Phuong Ddnh gid ket qud theo chudn kiin thiic, ki ndng chuong trinh gido dfic phd thdng Viet Nam DS tai KH&CN cip B6, ma srf B200737-36, Vifn Khoa hpc giao due Viet Nam H2009 Trin Thj Tuygt Oanh Ddnh gia v4 liiwng kft qua hpc tap NXB Dpi hpc supham, H 2007 NguySn Diic Tham - NguySn Ngpc Hung - Phjm Xuan Qu^ Phmmg phap day hoc Vat li d tnivng trung hpc phd th6ng NXB Dpi hpc suphpm, H 2002 SUMMARY In this paper, we introduce an assessment process of Physics studying results of high school students basing on sidlls and knowledge standards, which contributes to the innovation in teaching methods on the basis of students' feedbacks In order to improve education quality Nhu vdy, OGKQHT cila HS chi cd tac dung NguySn Vi^t Ti^n Li thuyet thiet ki san ph Jm cdng nghidp NXB Khoa hpc vd KI thudt H 2005 (Tiep theo trang 5) Truang Minh Trf - Tr4n DiJc Thdng Ml thuit cdng nghiep Truang Dpi hpc su phpm kl thu^t cac quy djnh vd chiic ndng dilu hanh cila Chinh phil TP Hd Chi Minh, 1997 ITnh vuc giao due kT thugt va dgy nghi ciing Ki ySu Trufirng Dai hpc su pham kl thuSt TP H6 Chi nhu vai tro ciia nin kinh t l Minh nam 2010 Tdm lai, ndng cao chat lupng dao tao nghe tgi Bao cao T6ng kA nam day nghS 2008-2012 tai cae tn/dng kT thudt ehdc chdn rdng se edn la vd'n d l Da NSng, thang 11/2012 biicttiiettrong boi canh chung cua giao due kT ttiudt Website T6ng cue d?y nghS: http://tcdn.pov.vn/ tai Viet Nam Giai quylt bai toan chd't lupng dao tgo SUMMARY nguon nhdn luc ddi hdi phai cd thiii gian, khong ttie mpt, hai ma la mpt qua ttinh chuye'n dpng Vietnam has abundant labor resources, but the ti'ch cue eila eac tmdng Mpt vai bien phap nhd neu quality of labor is limited by the lack of skilled hutien nlu tiln hanh dong bp va quy^ lidt ciing vdi nhilu man resources Therefore, training wiU be one of the priorities of the education sector to address the bign phap khae ma cac tmdng dang dp dung se gdp status "surplus teacher shortage mechanic' Improve phln thiic dd'y qua trinh chuyen dpng nhanh the quality of vocational training to meet the industrialization and modernization of the country To shifthan, manh hon thuc t l U ing to economic development in depth, in order to achieve the above objectives, improving the quality of human resources to meet the requirements of InT i i lifu tham khao dustrialization, modernization and intemaUonalin1 Creamer R H Machine design Addison Wesle tegration training associated with Jobs is an important factor The Vocational School has many guide1984 Ha NguySn Bio Cidorf(ic