Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
BM1l(iUilrQ[llll(KTlPMRllS(illU(llG(f11lHSUPRi THEO OOAN BIf M TlNG COtNG BINH HITOHG SO PHAM O ThS HA N G O C PHU* Tdng cudng djnh budng su phgm (TCDHSP) dgy hgc (DH) cdc mdn khoa hoe co bdn (KHCB) I[.]
BM1l(iUilrQ[llll(KTlPMRllS(illU(llG(f11lHSUPRi THEO OOAN BIf M TlNG COtNG BINH HITOHG SO PHAM O T dng cudng djnh budng su phgm (TCDHSP) dgy hgc (DH) cdc mdn khoa hoe co bdn (KHCB) Id quan diim (QD) DH nhdm ddp Ong mye tieu DH hien dang nhdn dugc sy quan Idm cOa nhilu nhd khoa hgc, gidng vien (GV) d ede frudng SP Theo dd, viec ddnh gid (DG) kit qud bgc tap (KQHT) cdc mdn KHCB cuo sinh vien su phgm (SVSP) cung cdn ddm bdo nhung tjdc thu rieng Sy cdn t h i l t TCDHSP gidng dgy mdn Dgi sd dgi cuong (DSDC) d frudng SP Ndi dung mdn DSDC boo gdm kiln thuc co bdn v l ede edu true Dgi so (DS): nhdm, vdnh, frudng, vdnh thuc mdt vd nhieu d'n, vdnh chinh, vdnh Euclide, Ddy Id mdn hpc cd vj fri quan frpng ehuong trinh ddo tgo gido vien todn phd thdng Ngodi vide cung cd'p kiln thuc co bdn cho cdc mdn Sd bgc (SH) vd DS khde, kiln thuc cOa mdn DSDC the hi^n rd (trSn mdt phgm vi rdng) sy khdi qudt cua cdc ndi dung DS, SH d chuong frinh mdn Todn d trudng phd thdng Vi dy: cdc tinh chd't (glao hodn, kit hpp, nhdn vdi sd 1) cua ph6p nhdn tdp cdc so h; nhldn N d phd thdng chinh Id cdc tISn d l eua cd'u triic vj nhdm nhdn giao hodn frong mdn DSDC d djnh hudng; khdi nifm phdn ft/ bdt khd quy the hien frong chuong frinh todn phd thdng chinh Id khdi niem so nguyen td; phep xdy dyng tdp sd hOu ti duong chinh Id sy f h l hifn eua djnh li dd'i xung hod vd djnh li xdy dyng frudng cdc thuong eua mdt miln nguyin, Mdt khdc, chuong frinh mdn Todn d pnd thdng, SH vd DS Id mpt bd phdn xuyen sud't Nhu vgy, KQHT mdn DSDC cOa SVSP dnh hudng d$c bl^t den chd't lupng dgy vd hgc mdn Todn d phd thdng cdng tdc cua hg sou ndy Do d$c dilm vd tdm dnh hudng ndy, gidng dgy mdn DSDC a trudng SP cd dieu kien thudn Ipi ddm bdo m$t cdc nguyen tdc cOa cdng tdc ddo tgo GV Id kit ngp chdt che cdc kiln thuc se dgy vdi nhimg kiln tht/c vd kT ndng (KN) cdn thiet d l phye vy cho DH QD TCDHSP frong DH mdn Todn ndi chung, mdn DSDCd frudng SP ndi rieng Tap chi Glao due s6 0 (ki a - ia/aoia> ThS HA N G O C PHU* Id tgo sy thdm nhdp Idn nhi/ng kiln thuc v l KHCB vd khoa hgc gido dye (KHGD), tgo dilu kien cho sinh vien (SV) trdi qua vd phdn tich dugc nhOng tinh hudng ve mdt kiln thuc md hp se gdp vdi hpc sinh sou ndy V I DG KQHT mdn Todn d frudng SP theo QD TCDHSP Theo tdc gid Nguyen Thj Lan Phuong, KQHT dupe hiiu theo hai quan niem khdc nhau: - Muc dp thdnh tich md ngudi hoc dd dgt dupe xem xet frong mdi quan hf vdi cdng sue, thdi gian bd so vdi mye tiSu xde djnh; - Muc dd ngudi hpc dd dgt dupe so vdi nhirng bgn khdc DO hiiu theo cdch ndo thi KQHT cung d l u the hien d muc dd dgt dupe cdc mye tieu DH d cdc phuong dien: nhdn thuc, hdnh ddng, xue edm vd dupe ey f h l hod fhdnh cdc myc tieu v l kiln thuc, KN, thdi dp dd'i vdi tung mdn hpc QD v l DG KQHT eua ngudi bgc Id qud trinh thu thdp thdng tin, phdn tich vd li gidi thuc trgng viic dgt muc tieu bgc tap eua ngudi bgc, tim hiiu nguyin nhdn, nbifng auyifdjnb su phgm giup ngudi bgc hgc tap tiin od (1) Kit hpp QD v l DG KQHT dd neu vd QD v l TCDHSP gidng day mdn Todn d trudng SP, chung tdi quan niem rdng: EX) KQHT mdn Todn d trudng SP theo QD TCDHSP Id qud trinh thu ibdp, phdn tich, xi) li thdng tin vi K(2HT mdn hgc theo QD ndy tren co sd dd'i chiiu muc tiiu hgc tap mdn hgc dd xde djnh, tif dd tgo ca sd cho nbifng quyit djnh flip theo cua GV Theo QD TCDHSP, mye tieu hpc tap mdn Todn eua SVSP dupe xde djnh tren ed hoi phuong dien: - nhdn thuc he thd'ng tri thuc KHCB; - khal thdc, si> dyng kiln thuc thdm nhdp vdo DH cdc yeu fd todn hgc frong chuong trinh phd thdng Theo dd, qud frinh phdn tich, xu li fhdng tin v l KQHT mdn hpc theo QD TCDHSP ddi hdi xem xet cd hoi phuong dien ndy Mdt sd d i l m cdn luu y frong DG KQhlT mdn DSDC theo QD TCDHS 'MngSailiQcHiingVifong So vdi edeh DG truyen thdng (chu yeu don thudn DG mdt nhdn thuc kiln thuc thudn tuy), cdch DG KQHT mdn DSDC theo QD TCDHSP ed su khdc bift hon vi ddi hdi DG them mdt «chud'n bj nghi" cho SV quo mdn hpc Bdi sy khdc biet ndy, DG, GV cdn luu y: 1) Cdng khal hod cdc muc cdn dgt vi KQHT mdn hgc eua ngudi bgc theo QD TCDHSP Theo QD TCDHSP, myc'tieu hpc tdp mdn DSEfC d frudng SP chO frpng din yeu cdu chud'n bj day SH, DS d trudng phd thdng cOo SV GV cdn cdng khoi hod tdi SV (vdo thdi dilm bdt ddu tiep cdn mdn hpc) v l mye tieu mdn hpc theo cdc tTnh vyc: a) Vi nhdn thuc, KN: Blit: Nhdn bilt, ghi nhd vd nhdc Igi nhi/ng kiln thOe co bdn v l cd'u trOc DS, tinh chdt, eua mdn hgc Xde djnh dugc vj tri d l cdp cuo cdc ndi dung kiln thuc chuang trinh phd fhdng; Thdng hiiu: Thdng hieu y nghTa, bdn chd't khdi niem phep todn hoi ngdi; bd phdn d'n djnh; khdi niem, ede tinh chd't chia h i t cua ede phdn tu frong vdnh cdc thuc tren mdt trudng; khdi niem, tinh chd't cuo cdc phdn tu bd't khd quy; da thuc dd'i xung tren vdnh giao hodn, Ddm bdo xdu chudi chinh xde, logic, chdt che kien thuc Ndm dugc muc do, QD d l cdp cOa kiln thi/c mdn hgc chuang frinh SH vd DS d p h d fhdng; Hiiu rd tinh khdi qudt cOo mdt so odi tupng todn hpc: quan he, dnh xg, phep todn, cdc cd'u trOc OS, dd'i vdi kiln thOc tuong ung d phd thdng; Xde djnh dugc kiln thuc trgng tdm quylt djnh tdi sy khdi ciudt ndy; - Vdn dyng: Vdn dyng kiln thuc mdn hgc d l gidi cdc bdi tdp cua mdn DSDC vd cdc mdn hgc cd lien quon; cd khd ndng gidi quyet dugc cdc tinh hudng kiln thuc mdi frgn co sd nIn kiln thuc mdn hgc, phdt hien sol Idm gidi quylt vd'n d l vd d i l u chinh sal Idm; cd khd ndng khdi qudt, truu tugng hod tu cdc tinh hudng don le a uen thudc sang cdc tinh hudng phuc tgp Su yng kien thuc cua mdn hgc de hieu sdu sdc, dung bdn chd't ede kiln thuc SH, DS lien quan chuang frinh phd thdng SO dyng ede phuong phdp gidi todn mdn hgc d l gidi todn pnd fhdng (dde biet Id todn cho dd'i tupng hpc sinh chuyen, hgc sinh khd, gidi); - Phdn tieh: Phdn chia, xde ldp logic cdc kiln thuc, chi dugc cdc y l u td co bdn phdt sinh vd cd'u thdnh kiln thuc; so sdnh, tim sy gidng nhau, khdc nhau, xde ldp md'i lien he phy thudc glOa cdc kiln thuc bp phdn cua mdn hgc vd cdc mdn hpc khde Bilt phdn tich, nhdn dien, khai thdc, st/ dyng nhCrng kiln thuc ndy de su dyng trye t i l p hodc gjdn tiep DH todn phd thdng; - Td'ng hgp: Tdm tdt, khdi qudt hod, ldp ludn, tdp hpp, sdp xep, lya chpn, st/ dyng, phdi hpp cdc kiln thuc cOo mdn hpc he thd'ng kiln thuc chuyen nghiep cua ehuong trinh ddo tgo; Phdi hop linh hogt kiln thuc nhilu mdn hgc de thdo go, phdn ung nhanh frudc nhi/ng tinh hudng kiln thuc DH SH vd OS d phd thdng; - EX3: Cd kha ndng phe phdn, DG, ldp ludn, nhgn djnh ve gid trj kiln thuc mdn DSDC; DG gid frj st> dyng mdn DSDC vd cdc mdn hgc khde; £X3 uu dilm, hgn c h l eua viec frinh bdy kiln thuc mdn hpc chuong frinh mdn Todn d DH vd d phd thdng bj Ve thdi Nhdn thuc dugc vol trd, vj tri mdn DSDC frong chuang trinh ddo hao; Cd y thuc xdy dyng, ndng coo frinh dp cOa bdn thdn; Ren luyen thdi quen xem xet ede vd'n d l mdi quan he nhieu mdt, ndng ddng, sdng fpo loo ddng, cdn eO vupt khd; Cd KN ty vgch ke hogch, h/ thyc hien k l hogch hgc tdp, KN dgc tdi lieu, ghi chep, lya chpn tdi lieu cd lien quan den mdn hoc; Cd khd ndng thyc hien cdc sdng kiln kinh nghiem, tdp dupt nghien cuu khoa hpc trSn CO sd nhOng hieu bilt v l KHCB vd KHGD 2) Phdn chia ti le thang diem DG theo /i>ng phuong dien GV cdn xde djnh thong dilm ddi vdi tOng bdi KT hay thang dilm DG cd aud trinh ddi vdi hai phuong dien tren Viee lya chpn ti le diem cuo phuong dien thu nhd't dd'i vdi phuong dien thu hoi cdn phy thupc vdo QD cd nhdn tung GV Tuy nhien, chung tdi cho rdng: Khdng the DG mdt SVSP dot diem khd, gidi cua mdn hoc (sou ndy se frye tiep DH d trudng phd thdng) md Igi khdng bilt kiln thuc dd se giup gi cho minh dgy d trudng phd thdng hodc chi biet rd cd'u frOe mdn hgc d trudng phd thdng md thilu hiiu bilt tudng tdn mgeh logic tri thuc mdn hgc HiSn nay, ti le khdi kiin thuc KHCB vd KHGD d cdc frudng SP Viet Nam Id 85% - 15% (cOo mot sd nude fren t h i gidi: Anh, Nga, Hoa Ki, Phdp, Uc, Id khodng 70% - 30%) Trong yeu cdu hdi nhdp tren eo sd nghien cuu kinh nghiem qudc t l , ti \i ndy ede trudng SP cOo nude fa ed xu hudng dupe ndng len Nhu vdy, theo QD TCDHSP, ti IS dilm frong DG KQHT mdn DSDC nen 7:3 Id hgp Ii Tuy nhien, ti le cdn ed t h i cdn dd'i tdng, gidm Kjy dd'i h/png SV Tren thyc te, mde du cd nhOng kiln thuc eua mdn hpc cd t h i khdng su dyng In/c Hip DH SH vd DS d phd thdng nhung theo QD nhilu tdng bdc v l Knh chd't eua todn hgc thi nhOng kiln tht/c dd dugc su dyng gidn tiep cho dgy Tap chi Glao due so 0 (ki a • la/aoia) mdn Todn phd thdng Vi$c cho dilm phuong dien thu hai vdo cdc ndi dung ndy bdt budc ngudi hoc phdi xem xet kl cdc tdng bdc khdi qudt nod eua kiln thuc mdn DSDC tiep cdn mdn hgc nhdm Knh d i n vide thich ung vdi nhung ySu edu cdi cdeh chuong trinh todn phd thdng frong nhung giai dogn tilp theo 3} Viec DG cdn tgo diiu kiin ibOc ddy cdch nip cdn hgc tap chuyin sdu cho ngudi hoc, kMng nen qud ndng ni vi phdn logi Trong hoc tdp, f i ^ cdn chuyen sdu Id hinh thirc tilp cdn kiln ihOc d muc nhdn thOe cao vi mye dich hodn thien nhdn thuc khdeh ciuon cho bdn thdn ngudi hgc, khdng vi myc dich Idy dilm sd hpc tdp Mdt khdc, ddi K»png SVSP Todn hopt ddng hpc tdp cua hp mang tinh dde ldp, fri Kie coo; myc dich hpc tgp theo QD TCDHSP Id tilp ttiu cdc fri thOc todn hgc d i hinh thdnh nhung KN, kT xdo nghe nghiep Nhu vdy, cd thi khdng djnh Kem ndng tilp cdn kiln tht/c chuybn sdu cuo SV Id sdn ed vd GV cd frdch nhiem phdt huy d hp khd ndng ndy Vi vdy, DG KQHT mdn DSDCtheo QD TCDHSP cung cdn tinh din viec ddm bdo yeu cdu ndy 4) Tdng cudng KN ti/DG KQHT mdn hgc cho SV Ddy Id viee Idm cdn thiet giOp SV K/ thu fhgp, xu li thdng tin ve qud trinh hgc tdp mdn hgc, giup hg ty nhin nhdn Igi ndng lye eua minh nhdm lya chgn, tien hdnh cdc hogt ddng thich hgp d l ddm tido mye tieu hpc tdp HiSn nay, ede frudng SP ehu y l u ddo tgo theo hgc c h l tin ehi, quy thdi gian K/ nghiSn cuu bdi hgc cOo SV dugc ndng ISn, quy thdi gian Idm viSc eOng GV cOa SV bi gidm di ySu edu v l mye Keu mdn hgc riieo QD TCDHSP