NGHlCNCliuCQ Boi mdm HIEU TRiraNG TRifdNc PHO THONG THEO TIEP CAN NANG LlTC THlTC HIEN Trong giai doan h i in nay, "Phdt trien nhanh nguon nhdn lUe nhdt Id ngudn nhdn lUc chdt luqng cao, tdp trung vdo[.]
NGHlCNCliuCQ Boi mdm HIEU TRiraNG TRifdNc PHO THONG THEO TIEP CAN NANG LlTC THlTC HIEN TS.NGUYiNTHANHVINH Hfc vign Quin II giio 6^c Trong giai doan h i i n nay, "Phdt trien nhanh nguon nhdn lUe nhdt Id ngudn nhdn lUc chdt luqng cao, tdp trung vdo viic doi mdi cdn bdn vd todn diin nin gido due quae ddn; gdn kit chdt chi phdt trien ngudn nhdn lUc vdi phdt trien vd Qng dung khoa hqc, cdng nghi" la mpt khiu dpi p h i cQa Chiln lupc p h i t trien kinh t l - xa hdi 2011 - 2020, dUdc ghi Van ki^n Dai hpi dai b i l u l o i n qudc l i n thQ XI, D l ddi mdi can b i n v i t o i n di&n n I n g i i o due cQa nude n h i hi^n nay, t i t y i u p h i i t i p trung n i n g cao c h i t lupng dpi ngu n h i giao v i c i n bp q u i n If g i i o due (CBQL) vl d i y la luc luong ndng cot, l i dieu ki^n tien quyet b i l n muc tieu giao dye nhQng ket q u i cy the, Vi viy, x i y dung v i n i n g cao c h i t lupng dpi ngu CBQL g i i o due l i mdt nhu c i u t i t yeu n h i m n i n g cao chat luong v i hieu q u i giio dye Mdt nhQng g i i i phap quyet djnh viec x i y dpng va n i n g cao c h i t lupng dpi ngu CBQL la bdi dudng dpi ngu CBQL co sd g i i o dye, luc tupng ddng d i o nhat la hi&u trudng eic trudng phd thdng Cdng t i c bdi dudng hieu trUdng trudng phd thdng cua nUde ta nhieu nam qua da cd nhQng t h i n h tUu nhat djnh, nhien van can cd sU ddi mdi ve ndi dung hudng tdi ehuan hieu trudng, v i die biet la phuong thUe bdi dUdng Trong b i i viet nay, chung tdi t i p trung trinh b i y ve hoat ddng bdi dudng dpi ngu hieu trUdng cac trudng phd thdng (THPT, THCS va tieu hpc) theo tiep can nang lUc thuc hiin (NLTH) Tiep can nang lUc thuc h i i n cCia ngUdi hieu trUdng trudng ph6 t h o n g Oao tao, bdi dudng dua tren nang lUc {competency-based modefi l i tiep can phd b i l n hien d i o tao, bdi dUdng tren the gidi Cdt ldi cCia t i l p can n i y la chQ trpng v i o vile nang cao chat lupng v i hieu q u i thUe hien nhiem vy, ehuong trinh hudng tdi ngUdi hpc; lien thdng; linh hoat va md; hinh nang iQc hanh nghe cy the NhU vay, chuong trinh khdng chf hUdng tdi ngUdi hpc chi b i l t hpc thudc, ghi nhd m i cdn b i l t l i m thdng qua cae hoat dpng cu the, sU dung nhQng tri thQc hpc dUpc de g i i i quyet cic tinh hudng cQa n h i trudng, cOa giao due dat 1.1 Ndng li/c thut hien Trudc h i t , NLTH cOa ngUdi lao ddng dupe phat b i l u dudi nhilu gdc dp tiep c i n nhU: - NLTH l i mpt c i u trOc gdm cic thudc tfnh nhan cieh tao n^n k h i nang thuc hien thao cdng vl&c cOa ngudi lao dpng; - NLTH la k h i nang thUe h i i n dupe eic hoat ddng n g h i hoae nhiem vu theo tieu chuan mong doi dcQngvi&ccQa ngudi lao ddng; - Ngudi cd NLTH la ngUdi cd dupc nhQng thupe tinh n h i n cieh c^n thiet de thuc hien mdt cdng vi&c theo ti^u ehuin n g h i nghiep lUOng Qng eCia ngUdI lao dpng, Nhu viy, cd su khac rat eo b i n cQa t h u i t ngQ ndng/i/c vdi thutt ngd ndng iQc thuc hiin Ndng /Ucfcompefencejli k h i nang dCidl thuc hien lot mpt eong viec hay Id nhQng dieu kien du hoae vdn cd de lam mot viec gl dd; do, NLTH {competency) la suthue hien dupe cac hoat dpng (nhiem vu, eong viec) nghe theo tieu ehuin d i l doi vdi tQng nhiem vu, cdng viec Tom Igi, NLTH eCia ngUdi lao dpng dUpe hilu l i vi&c van dyng cac kien thQc, ki ning va thai dp de thuc hi^n eie hoat dpng (nhiem vy, cdng viec) n g h i nghi&p theo cie tieu ehuan dat ddi vdi iQng nhiem vu, eong viec 1.2 Ndng lyfctbUchien cua hiiutrvtdng tri/c/ng phd thong TQeac dan luan tren, cd the hieu NLTH cQa CBQL CO sd giao due ndi chung va hieu trudng trudng phd thdng ndi rieng la viec van dung cae kiln thQc, ki nang v i thai 66 di thuc hiin cic hoat dpng q u i n li eosd giao due m i hp co trich nhiem quan If theo eic tiiu ehu^n dat doi vdi tQng chQc danh cQa nguPi q u i n If NUHcda ngudi hiiu trUdng trudng thdng Id vdn dung cdc klin thQc, kindng vd thdi dp di thuc hiin cdc hogt ddng qudn II nhd trudng theo cdc tiiu chuan dgt Chuan hieu trUdng tntifng thong 1.3 Cdc thdnh to cdu trdc cOa ndng lUe thUe hien cda hiiu tri/dng tn/dng thong Theo If t h u y l t v l NLTH thi NLTH eCia ngudi hieu trUdng trudng phd thdng duac cau t h i n h bdi t h i n h tdehO y i u sau: - SQ thuc hiin: ki nang q u i n If m i ngUdi hieu trUdng trUdng phd thdng can thUe h i i n cdng viec thudng nhat cQa ho; Sfiai-THANGO/Z012*17 ( Q NGHIEN CtrU _ - / l u kiin thUe hiin: eic thdng tin q u i n If, cdng cu q u i n II, t h i l t bj v i cie ngudn lUc c i n t h i l t khic cung c i p cho ngudi hiiu trudng trudng phd thdng d i t h u c hiin eic chQc n i n g q u i n If; - Tiiu chudn (eic tifiu chf cic Hiu ehuin cQa su thuc hiin): cic t i l u chf (criterion) dung 64 xic djnh trinh dp c i n d?t dupe cOa spthpc hi^n ChQng cd t h i bao gdm eie die tinh cQa k i t q u i q u i n If, eic y i u c i u v l q u i irinh hoic quy trinh (ndl chung l i eie chdc n i n g q u i n If), cie y*u c i u v l thdi gian v i sU chuin xic thuc hi^n cie chQc n i n g dd thdng qua eic minh chQng (evidence) v l cie mQc (level) vdi eic chi b i o (indicator) tin ciy Trong dd cd: + Tilu chf cua mdi t i l u c h u i n NLTH l i yiu c i u v i d i i u kien c i n dai dUOc d mpi ndi dung cu I h l cua mdi tiiu chuin; -1- Minh chung eua mdi ti6u chf mdi tiiu chuSn NLTH l i cac b^ng ehiing (tii ll^u, lUlifeu, sQVfit, hipn tupng, n h i n chiing) dupe d i n d l xac nh^n mpt each khaeh quan miic dd djil dupe eiia ti^u chl; + MQc i i trinh dd dat dQpc v l mdt ti^u chi xic djnh, + Cht b i o l i dai luong dung d l bieu thj cUdng dp, khuynh hudng b i l n dpng, ed tinh chit dmh lupng d l xic dinh die trUng, d i u hi^u n i o dd cQa su v i t , hien tUong Cic chi b i o cd t h i l i nhUng dai lupng bingsdi'ch/sdj - Kiin thQc vd khd ndng cd lien quan: cic k i l n ihQc v i ki n i n g m i ngudi hieu trudng trudng phd thdng can cd d l thuc hi^n dupe cae chdc n i n g q u i n If nha trudng ma hp dang cd trich nhiem q u i n If - Phuang phdp ddnh gid vd Idp hd sd: eic phuong phap se dupc dung 6i d i n h g i i hoae ludng su thuc hiin cdng viec cua mpt ngudi hieu trudng trudng phd thdng va quy trinh l i p hd so ve k i t q u i d i n h g i i viec ihue hien cic chUe nang q u i n If cua hp Boi dudng hieu t r u d n g trudng ph6 t h d n g theo tiep can nang lUc thUc h l l n 2.1 Cde nguyin t6c b6l dudng bliu truing trudng phd thong theo tiip cdn ndng luc tbuc hi^n - Mat Id cdc NLTH can dgt phdi duqc xdc djnh, tham dinh mpt cdch can thdn vd cdng bd cdng khai trudc D i i u n i y cd nghia r i n g cic NLTH quan trpng ddi vdi ngudi hi^u trudng trudng phd thdng (hpc vien) p h i i dupe cac chuyen gia ve q u i n If g i i o due v i q u i n If trudng hpc x i c djnh theo nhQng phuong thQc thfch hpp, v i dupc tham djnh tren co s6 d l l u tra x i hdi hpc ve su the h i i n NLTH cua ddi ngu hl^u trudng trudng phd thdng Mat khic, sau cho rSng cac NLTH cQa ngudi hieu trudng truimg phd thdng da la phu hop rdi thl p h i i cdng bd cho hpc v i l n v i mpi ngudi khic cd lien quan b i e t l8*KHOAH9CGlAaDVC - Hai Id, nhQng tliu chl vd cdc diiu kiin dQng ij? ddnh gid kit qud bdi dudng theo NLTH phdi duqc trlnh bdy vd cdng bdcdng khai trudc Nguyin t&c n i y dftl hdi p h i i cho hpc v i l n b i l t cy t h l v i chfnh xic kit q u i bdi dudng cQa hp Ndl cieh khic, NLTH cOa ho dupc d i n h g i i nhu t h l nio, theo nhUng t i l u chf va nhQng d i i u kl$ngl.VI$c thUe h l l n nguyin t3c n i y cung cd nghla r i n g chQng ta khdng dupe dinh g i i theo phuong thUe " t r u y i n thdng* nghia I i so sinh t h i n h tfch eua nhQng ngudi hpc V(M nhau; m i p h i i sQ dyng phuong thUc d i n h g i i theo t f l u chf, Uin ca sd cic modul cua chuong trinh, dd S[f t i l n bp v i t h i n h tfch cua tUng n g U ^ hpc dUpc so sinh vdi nhQng ti^u chf d i dupc t h i l t l i p v i cdng khai cho mpi ngudi b i l t trudc • Ba Id chuang trlnh bdi dudng phdi tgo diiu kiSn thudn lai cho viic hoc tdp theo nhjp dd rling cOa tOnq cd nhdn hpc viin vd tQng NLTH cu thi duqc ddnh g'li rling re D i i u n i y cd nghia rSng mdi hpc v i l n cd cd hpi hinh t h i n h v i p h i t t r i l n tUng NLTH quan tn;ing ddi vdi mlnh v i ddng thdi cung cd co hdi d l t h l hi^n sudat dupc NLTH dd Nguyen t i e eo b i n n i y ddi hdi p h i i cd thi hod chuong trinh bdi dudng vS thuc h i i n chuefng trlnh bdi dudng d i n mUctIi da v i c i n cd cic loai hpc lidu thi'ch hop cho vile hpc t i p cua hpc viln.Tfnh hi&u q u i cua chuong trlnh b& dudng dupc d i n h g i i theo ti I I hpc v i l n l i m tdt cic cdng viic cua hp (cic NLTH), hon l i dUa t r l n ti I I hpc v i l n cd chdng chl loai k h i gidi - Sdn Id, v/|c ddnh gid kit qud bdi dudng cOa hgc viin (NLTH cua hgc viin), ddi hdi phdi thuc hiin trin cdc thao tdc qudn II thudng nhdt cua hg vdi cdc ngudn mlnh chQng cu thi Nguyin t i c n i y ddi hdi d i n h g i i k i t q u i hpc t i p cOa hpc viin khdng chl v l mat If l u i n q u i n If giao due, q u i n if nha trudng thdng qua t r i ldi cie c i u hdi theo phuong thUc t i / l u i n hoic t r k nghiem k h i c h quan, m i p h i i t i p trung cao hon v i o hoat ddng danh g i i thuc tien v l eic nang l^ic thpe h i i n cda hp 2.2 Cdc khuyin nghi vi cdng tdcbSi dUdng doi ngO hiiu trudng trudng phd thdng theo tlfy cdn ndng luc tht/c hiin -Tr6ncosdchuelnhi6u trudng trudng phd thdng (da ban hinh), cic co sd g i i o due cd chQc nang bdi dudng CBQL g i i o due ndi chung v i bdi dUdng dpi ngu hiiu trudng trudng thdng ndi rieng t i p hpp eic chuyin gia v l q u i n If n h i trudng de cu t h l hoa eie chu^n dd t h i n h cie t i l u chuan, t i l u chl v l NLTH cOa ngUdi hl$u trudng trudng phd thdng (theo cSp hpc); - Cic CO sd giao due cd chQc nang bdi dUdng ddi ngu h i l u trudng trudng phd thdng x i y dung chuong .NGHieNCOuQ trinh bdi dudng theo cic nguyen t i e bdi dUdng hUdng tdi t i l p c i n nang luc thUc h i i n n l u t r l n Cic chuong trinh nin k i t cSu theo modul d l cd t h l t d chUe bdi dudng v i d i n h g i i mdt cieh d l d i n g - Cic CO sd g i i o dye ed chQc nang bdi dudng dpi ngu h i l u trudng trudng phd thdng cdng bd cdng khai cic t i l u c h u i n v l NLTH dd cho t o i n bd ddi ngu CBQL cic trudng phd thdng d l hp cd djnh hudng viec t u boi dUdng v i tham gia cic khoi bdi dudng TAILI^UTHAMKHAO Gmy Palmade (1999), Cdc phUdng phdp sU p/iam, NXB T h l gidi D i n g Thinh Hung {}993), Cdc II thuyitvdmd hinh gido due hudng vdo ngudi hoed phuang Tdy,V\in Khoa hpc Giio dye Vi^l Nam, H i Npi Nguyin HQu Lam, Md hinh ndng tuc gido due, ddo tgo vd phdt trien ngudn nhdn iQc John W Burke, Competency Based Education andTraining,The Flalmer Press, London, 1995 Norton RE (1987), Competency-Based Education and Training: A Humanistic and Realistic Approach to Technical and Vocational Instruction Paper presented at the Regional Workshop on Technical/Vocational Teacher Training in Chiba City Japan ERIC: ED 279910 3.KetluSn Chung tdi nghi r i n g t i l p c i n nang lUe p h i t t r i l n chuong trinh nhu trinh b i y tr^n d i y cd t h l dupe Hpc vien Q u i n If g i i o due v i eie co sd d i o tao khic Qng dyng v i o viec x i y dung v i p h i t t r i l n chuong trinh bdi dudng q u i n If eho hi§u trudng trudng phd thdng hudng theo ehuan hiiu trUdng da dupc Bd Giio due v i D i o tao ban h i n h Trong q u i trinh t r i l n khai c i n luu y r i n g van dyng tiep c i n n i y p h i i cd su k i t hpp yeu c i u thuc h l l n n h i i m vy cua t d chQc nha trudng vdi tiem nang cua c i n h i n nguPi hpc, mdi trudng van hda va bdi cinh cy t h l SUMMARY The author has presented the in-service trainings for school principals (i.e upper secondary, lower secondary and primary schools) using the performance approach iiuiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiuiMtniiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiuiiiMiiiiniiiiiiiiiniiiiiniiiiiiiMiiiMitiiiiMiiiiiiiiitiiiniiiiiiiiiiin DUA GIAO DUG Kl NANG SONG (Tiip theo trang 12) nhu nhu c i u DT nhan lUc cho cic trudng phd thdng thuc hien chuong trinh "hogt ddng GD ngodi gid lin Idp' h i i n la mdt t h i c h thQc, song cung chlnh Id cahdi vd ddng luc cho viec cai eich md hinh OT d eie trudng sU pham g i n vdi cic hoat ddng ddi mdi ndi dung chuong trinh OT, ddi mdi phuang phap day hpc qua trinh OTGV hi^n Vdi quan diem tdng the v i tam nhin c h i l n lupc, chua cd duoc mdt chuong trinh h i n h dpng qudc gia v l GDKNS dVifit Nam, trudc h i t , chung tdi cho rang Bd GD&DT c i n p h i i sdm dua chQ truong va chf dao mpt so d l t i i , d u i n khoa hpc - cdng nghe cap qudc gia v l "Dua GDKNS vdo cdc trudng suphgm" Trong myc t i l u v i npi dung n h I t t h i l t phai td chQc cdc cudc khdo sdt du quy md vithuc trgng KNS vd nhu cdu GDKNS va x i c dinh dupe c i c "danh muc KNS thiit yiu" can trang bj eho mdi nhdm ddi tupng hudng Ipi khic nhau, dd cd mdt "danh muc KNS t h i l t yeu"can cho sinh v i l n sU pham Mat khac, tfeh hpp (va Idng ghep) GDKNS v i o c i c ehuong trlnh DTGV p h i i g i n vdi ddi mdi muc t i l u OT, vdi van de x i y dung "chuan dau ra" ndi Tiing v i p h i i dat tdng t h l c i c hoat dpng ddi mdi GD dai hpc ndi chung d cac trudng dai hpc, cao d i n g hien TAI Lieu THAM K H A O Tran Anh Tuan (Chu nhiem), Nghiin cQu tich hqp mpt s6 ndi dung Gido due kindng sdng vdo chuong trinh thuc hdnh - thuc tap supham cOa trudng Dgi hgc Gido due - DHQG Hd Ndi, Be t i l NCKH Ma sd QS-67-()4 Nguyen Thanh Binh, Gido trinh chuyin diGido due kf ndng song, NXB DHSP, 2009 Nguyen Thj Oanh, Gido due ki ndng s6ng, chuyin khdng dil.http://www.tuaitre.vn/Chinh-tri-Xahoi/rhohsu-suy-nghi?ThQHai,08/09/2008_40=323 Trinh Vinh Ha, Phdng van dng Phdng Khde Binh: Dua gido due ki ndng song vdo chuang trlnh chinh khod, http:// www.tuoitre.vn/Tuoi-tre-cuoituan/358789/ Nguyin Due Quang, Hudng ddn thuchiin Gido due kindng sdng cho hqc sinh thdng, NXB DHQG H i Ndi, 2010 SUMMARY The writer has discussed the integration of life skills education into teacher training programs In teacher training institutions, and produced in-depth analyses on social demands; touched upon the life skills model In teacher training Institutions and suggested an implementation roadmap for integrating life skills education into teacher training institutions s6n-mtMG9t2mz»\9 ... Boi dudng hieu t r u d n g trudng ph6 t h d n g theo tiep can nang lUc thUc h l l n 2.1 Cde nguyin t6c b6l dudng bliu truing trudng phd thong theo tiip cdn ndng luc tbuc hi^n - Mat Id cdc NLTH... d i n h g i i nhu t h l nio, theo nhUng t i l u chf va nhQng d i i u kl$ngl.VI$c thUe h l l n nguyin t3c n i y cung cd nghla r i n g chQng ta khdng dupe dinh g i i theo phuong thUe " t r u y i... trudng trudng phd thdng (theo cSp hpc); - Cic CO sd giao due cd chQc nang bdi dUdng ddi ngu h i l u trudng trudng phd thdng x i y dung chuong .NGHieNCOuQ trinh bdi dudng theo cic nguyen t i e bdi