TAPCHlK lA HQC, TRtrdNG BAI HOC H 6 N G BLTC S6 BAC BI£T (5 2017) DAY HOC THEO TIEP CAN NANG LlTC THV''''C HIEN NGHE NGHIfP CHO SINH VIEN DAI HOC Nguyen Thj Thanh'''', LS Thi Hgnh'''' TOM TAT Day hpc theo tiep[.]
TAPCHlK lA HQC, TRtrdNG BAI HOC H N G BLTC - S6 B A C B I £ T (5 2017) DAY HOC THEO TIEP CAN NANG LlTC THV'C HIEN NGHE NGHIfP CHO SINH VIEN DAI HOC Nguyen Thj Thanh', LS Thi Hgnh' TOM TAT Day hpc theo tiep cdn ndng lye thuc hien ngke nghiep Id quan diem dgy hpc phdi gdn v&i thuc lien hogl dpng nghi nghiep bdt ngudn tU thuc tiin, nhirng nhiem vu, nhiing cong viec thue tiin hoal dpng nghe ngkiep nhdl dmh H? thong chudn ndng lye thuc hiin nghi nghiip Id diim xual phdt vd eiing Id dich din ciia qud trinh dgy hpc ddm bdo cho smh vien tot ngkiep cd ndng luc tuang ung v&i yeu cdu cua xa hgi Trong pham vi bdi bdo tdc gid da idm sdng Id mgt sd vdn de vi ca s& ly ludn cua ndng luc thuc kien ngke nghiep, dgy hgc theo tiep cdn ndng luc thuc hien nghi nghigp, dgc diim vd cdc bir&c Ihuc hien phuang thuc dgy hgc ndy v&i mong mudn gdp pkdn ddi mai gido due ddp img yeu cdu ddo tao a tru&ng Dai hgc hiin Td khda: Ndng luc thuc kiin nghi nghiip sinh vien Dgi koc DATVANDE Hign nay, d trudng Dai hgc dang gap phai nhieu khd khan, vudng mdc ttong dao lao nghi Nhd gido dye Boyatzis R.E (2010), Cowen S S., Kolb D,A (2013) va mgt sd nha khoa hpc giao due khic da chi nhdng yeu kem ciia qud ttinh dgy hpcttongdao tao nghe d cac nudc Iren thi gidi vd Vigl Nam dd id: Qud ndng vl phan tich, khong dinh hudng thuc liln vd hanh dgng; Thilu hut va ylu kem phil triln ky ndng quan he qua Iai gida edc cd nhdn, Hgn hep, khdng cd tilp can lodn dign ldng thi; Khdng too digu kien cho nguai hgc ldm viec lot cic nhdm vi ddi !am viec D I khdc phuc nhiing vin de tren, ddi hdi cac ttudng Dai hgc phdi ddi mdi mgnh me ndi dung, phucmg phdp day hgc va dim bdo cho sinh vign tdt nghigp cd ndng Iyc tiiong dng vdi yen cau cua xa hdi Nang luc thyc hien nghi nghiep cua sinh vien la ylu ll rit quan ttgng dg lig thyc hien cd hieu qud cac boat ddng nghi nghiep sau Idl nghigp, NOI DUNG NGHIEN CUU 2.1 Nang luc thue hien nghi nghigp Ndng luc thuc hien nghi nghiep ^trge hieu la td hap cua cdc ihdnh Id kiin thuc ky ndng thdi nghe nghiep ^dm bdo eho chii the Ihyc hdnh idi cdng viec ^ Giang nen khoa Tam ly - Gida due, Trinnig Dm hoc Hdng Dire • Phong Ddm bao dial Itrcmg va Khao ihi Tnrimg Dai hoc Hdng Due TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRlTONG DAI HQC H N G BIJC - SO PAC BlgT (5 20171 theo ehudn ddu quy djnh nhirng linh hudng hodc nhiem vu nghi nghiep nhdt dinh [2] Cd the thdy, nang luc thyc hign nghe nghigp (NLTHNN) ddng vai ttd quan trgng ttong hogl dgng nghe nghiep, no quyet djnh chit luang va su Ihanh cdng hay thdt bai nghe nghigp cua cd nhin ttong hogt dgng thyc lien De dinh gia mdl ngudi cd NLTHNN cdn co sy phdi hpp giua dinh gid b i n thuc, danh gid ky nang vd ddnh gid thii Cd ihl nhan dien NLTHNN dugc thdng qua cdc ddc trung sau; NLTHNN Id td hgp cua kiln lliuc ky nang, thdi dp va cdc nguyen tfic ein thill cua ngudi lao dpng de thuc hien loin bg hodc mdl so ngi dung lao dong nghi nghigp cu the NLTHTJN dap dng duac tigu chuin dau vd ed tac dung idi cho viee ddp dng lieu chuin ddo tgo NLTHNN tudng minh va ddnh gia duac bang cie minh chdng hieu qui cong viec thuc te 2.2 Day hgc theo tiep can nang luc thyc hi|n nghi nghifp Trong qui trinh Ddo Igo dai hgc xay dyng chuang trinh mdn hoe thucmg ed hai each ttep can, Thu nhat la tiep can dya vdo ngi dung (muc tigu, ngi dung kign thdc), thd hai la tigp can dya vao ket qua dau (mucttgu,nang Iyc thuc hien nghe nghiep) Tiep can ndi dung, la cich ngu mdl danh myc dg tai, chii dg ciia mgt ITnh vuc (mdn hgc) nao dd Tuc li top trung xic dinh vi Ird ldi ciu hdi; Chiing ta mudn ngu&i hpc edn biet cdi gi^ Cich tigp can chii yeu top trung vdo ygu cdu khdi luang ndi dung hgc van cua mgt khoa hgc bd mdn nen thudng mang tinh "hdn ldm", ngng vg ly thuyll vd tfnh he thdng, nhit la ngudi thilt kl it chii y din tilm ndng, cic giai doan phat trien, nhu cau, hdng thu vd dieu kien cua ngudi hoc Tiip cdn kit qud ddu ra, NIER (Nhgt Bdn) (1999) da xic dinh la cdeh lilp can neu ro kit qua - nhdng khd nang hogc kl nang md ngudi hoc mong mudn dat dugc vao cudi mdl giai doan hgc tip ttong nha tnidng d mdl mdn hgc eu thg Ndi each khde, each tilp can niy nhim tra ldi cdu hdi; Chiing la mudn nguai hoc hiel vd cd the ldm dupe nhirng gi? Budc sang Ihl ki 21, sy phil tnln nhanh mgnh cua khoa hgc, ky thugt too nhdng thacli thuc Idn cho giao dye va xu hudng tilp cdn dgy hgc theo NLTHNN dugc hmh thanh, van dyng d nltilu quIc gia Iren Ihl gidi bdi nd cd nhflng dgc linh ea bdn sau Tilp can NLTHNN dua tren tu tudng giao dye liy hoat ddng cua ngudi hoc Idm trung lam Tilp can NLTHNN dap dng nhflng ddi hdi cua thyc liln nghe nghiep 121 TAP CHI KHOA HQC RLTONG Bj,l HQC HONG Pl3"C - S B A C BIET (S 2017) Tiep can NLTHNN dinh hudng dgn cudc sdng hign thuc cda ngudi Tilp can NLTHNN the hien quan diem day hgc ril imh hoat va ndng dgng, Tilp can NLTHNN cho phep xdc dinh cdc lieu chuin ndng Iyc can hinh thdnh d ngudi hgc mgt each ro rang [4], Vdi nhirng ddc tinh tren, cho thdy dgy hgc theo tiep can NLTHNN cd thg ddo tgo dupe ngudn nhdn Iyc dap ilng yeu cdu phdt trign ciia xd hdi ttong thdi ky hdi nhap 2.3 Dac diem ciia day hgc theo tiep cgn nang Iyc thirc hien nghe nghiep Day hoe theo ttep can NLTHNN quan tdm dgn timg ngudi hpc cd the lim dugc viec gi ttong mdt tinh huong nghe nghiep nhdl dinh theo dinh hudng ddu eua qua trinh ddo tao Mdi ngudi hoc lam duge thdng thgo vice gi dd sau mdt thdi gian hoe lap ddi ngdn khac Ihudc chu ygu vdo khd nang, nhip hpc cila ngudi dd vi chuang trinh dgy hgc Chuang ttinh ddo too theo NLTHNN, trade tien phai xdc dinh dugc cac NLTHNN md ngudi hgc cdn dgt; chung dugc coi nhu li kgt qui dau cua qua trinh ddo igo Sy thdng thgo cdc NLTHNN thg hien d sy thyc hien dugc cae cdng vice nghg nghiep theo lieu chuan dat tuang dng vdi cdc cdp tiinh dg nghe, Trong qua trinh xiiy dyng chuong ttinh dao lao, dg xac dinh dugc cac NLTHNN ciia ngudi thuc hien nghe, ngudi to phai tien hanh phan tich nghg (occupational analysis) Phan tich nghe thyc chit la xic dinh mo hinh hoal ddng cua ngudi hanh nghg, cu thg Id xac dmh cdc nhiem vy (duties), cdng viee (tasks) ma ngudi hanh nghe phai thuc hign qua Irinh lao dpng nghg nghiep, vi Id chuc dgy hoc theo NLTHNN Td chdc day hgc giiip ngudi hoc hoan thdnh chuang trinh hgc lap dat dugc cac NLTHNN duac xic dinh Irong chuang trinh, Mii ngudi hgc ti^ng qua trinh hpc lap phii lien tiic cd dugc cae thdng tin phin hoi cy ihe vl su hinh va phat ttiln NLTHNN eua minh Cdc hinh Ihuc td chdc day hgc phai phong phd, da dgng, dip img dugc ygu cdu ngudi hoc vda ttang bi mdt lugng in thuc co bdn, ddng thdi duac ren iuyen hinh cdc NLTHNN Ddnh gid vd xdc nhgn cdc NLTHNN Su thdng Ihgo cdc NLTHNN ciia ngudi hge dugc ddnh gid vd xic nhdn theo cdc quan diem sauNgudi hgc phai thuc hien cdc cdng viec theo each thuc gidng nhu cua ngudi hanh nghi thyc hign ttong thyc tl lao dpng nghi nghiep Danh gia rieng rg timg ca nhan ngudi hoc hp hoan thdnh cdng viec Kien thuc lien quan vd thai dg cin cd diu la nhimg bd phdn ciu thdnh cdn duge kiem tra ddnh gid 122 A HQC, TRITQNG BAl HQC H N G PUC - SO DAC BIEI (S 2017) Cic tteu chuan ddng ttong vigc ddnh gia id nhimg ygu ciu dgt d muc tli thieu de dam bao rang sau hoc xong thi ngudi hpc budc vdo lam viec dugc ehu khdng phdi dg dem so sdnh vdi nhflng ngudi hgc khdc, Trgn ca sd do, ngudi ta cd Ihl cdng nhdn cdc ky ndng hoac cac kien thdc da dugc thdng iligo ttudc dd Cie figu chi va chi sd dung cho ddnh gia duoc cdng bl cho ngudi hoc bill trade kiem tta ddnh gia 2.4 Cic bu-dc thyc hi?n day hgc theo tilp can nang luc thyc hien nghe nghifp cho sinh vien dai hge Can cu vao nang Iyc cdt Idi cua timg nganh dio tao da dugc xdc dinh va dde dilm dac tiimg ciia dgy hgc liep can NLTHNN, chiing ldi dinh hudng cho viee day hgc Iheo Hep can NLTHNN nhu sau; Bu&c 1- Tich hgp NLTHNN cua chuong ttinh dao lao vdo muc tigu dgy hoc mdn hgc San phim cin dat duac d budc Id bdng mo la chudn NLTHNN cua mdn hgc sau klii ddi chieu vdi NLTHNN cua chuong trinh dao tao De thuc hien cdng viec ndy cdn Idp bang ddi chilu NLTHNN eua chuang trinh ddo tgo vdi ngi dung chuang trinh mon hoc, qua dd xdc dinh nhung NLTHNN ndo ttong chuong trinh dio tao cd the hinh dugc Ihdng qua dgy hpc mdn hge? Dgy hgc mdn hgc co the hinh tiianh NLTHNN cho smh vign d mdc dp nao? Mo ta ro mdc dp hinh tiidnh NLTHNN lam ca sd cho viec ihigl ke bdi hoc vd ddnh gid kei qud day hoc theo tiep can NLTHNN, Bu&c Vigl dg cuang mdn hgc theo tiep can NLTHNN De cuong dgy hgc Id mdt van ban d6 chi ro muc ticu, ngi dung, hinh thdc id chuc, phuang tten day hgc de dua vao gidng vign vd smh vien su dung cdc phuang phdp phd hgp nhdm dat dugc muc lieu vd phdl men cac ndng Iyc cho ngudi hoc He thdng myc lieu vd nang lye dugc danh gii bdi cic each thuc da duoc xdc dmh cy Ihl NLTHNN dinh hudng cho viec td chdc day hgc iheo ttep can NLTHNN Dl ddm bao dat dugc cdc lieu chuin NLTHNN cua qua ttinh dao lao thi bat budc viec Id chdc dgy hgc cung can cd su thay ddi Bu&c 3: Thilt kl bai hgc phdl tnln NLTHNN Giang vien mdn hgc xay dyng kich ban hoc tdp tich hpp ca vg kien thdc, ky ndng, phim chit dao ddc vd nang luc, Cu Ihl, Gidng vign xdc dinh muc lieu bdi hoc; Nghign cuu toi lieu dg dinh hudng ngi dung bai hgc, Xdc dinh phuong phip va hinh thdc Id chdc day hoc, Chudn hi phuong tien vd hoc iigu day hgc cho bii hpc, Thilt kl hogl dgng day va hpc cu the, Budc 4- Td chdc tien trinh day hoc bai hgc 123 TAP CHi KHOA HQC, TRLTONG BAI HQC HONG BtTC - SO BAC BIET (S 2017) Td chue, hudng din sinh vign tham gia vao cdc linh hudng nghg nghiep, nghien cdu linh hudng, md phdng vd ddng vai ngudi gidi quyet cdng vigc va cdc hoal dgng khac dl hudng tdi chudn dau tilng mdn hgc hinh ndng luc ell ldi ngdnh (phdl hien thiit ki, thyc hiin, hodn ihien) D% thyc hign gidng day trdi nghiem thuc lign, gidng vien thigl ke vd su dyng cdc phuang phdp giang day khdc nhu- Dua vdo du in, md phdng, cic nghien cuu dien hinh Birde 5: Kiem tra, dinh gia Danh gid kit qui hge ldp theo liep can NLTHNN ddi hoi sinh vien phai the hign duac ndng lye (ttgn co sd long hop tn thuc, ky nang, cung nhu nhflng pham chat, thdi dp cin tiiilt khdc) dg kiln tao mpt san phim thdng qua gidi quygt cic linh hudng, nhiem vy hgc tgp cd y nghTa lien quan chat che vdi nhimg iing dyng vdo thyc te NLTHNN Id ca sd dl kilm tta dinh gid kit qua hgc tap theo tiep can NLTHNN KET LUAN Day hgc theo Hep cgn NLTHNN id quan digm day hgc phai gin vtji thyc tien hoal ddng nghg nghigp, nhan manh ygu Id "ldm" vd "//iirc/wen "ttong qua trinh day hgc Bit ngudn til thuc tiln, nhflng nhigm vu, cdng viec ttong tiiyc tiln hoat ddng nghe nghiep nhit dinh nao dd duac md li, khai qudt thdnh hg thdng chuan NLTHNN He thdng chuan NLTHN Id diem xual phit vd cung la dich dgn cua qua trinh day hgc Day hpc theo liep can NLTHNN dugc to chuc va lien hinh theo cdc budc dd dugc xac dmh N6i each khie tu viec thiet ke chuong trinh dao tgo thiel ke mdn hgc, td chdc ddo Igo - dgy hgc den kiem fra - danh gii ket qua dio too - hgc tap deu phdi dua vao cliuin NLTHNN Bin chat ciia day hgc theo tiep can NLTHNN li viec td chdc dgy hoc nham hinh thdnh cdc NLTHNN cho sinh vien va dinh gii ket qud hgc tgp theo NLTHNN hg Ihong kien thdc, ky ndng, thdi va mdt sd ygu td tam ly khac, dam bdo cho ngudi hpc tdt nghigp cd the nhanh chdng thich dng, ddp ung duac cnhflng yeu eau cua vi Iri cdng viec TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] [2] [3] Nguygn Hdu Lam (2004), Md hinh ndng luc Irong gido due ddo tao vdphdt tnen ngudn nhdn luc, Phat ttien kinh tl, sd 4, fr.25 Lg Kim Long, Phgm Hinh Tri (2012), ifng dung cdch tiep cgn ndng lue chung mdl phuang phdp m&i xdc dink danh myc ndng luc cdn tkiet ddiv&i chuyin vien ngdn hdng, www sbv gov.vn,20/8/IOI2 Nguyin Due Tri (1993), Tiip cgn ddo Igo dua uvn ndng luc thuc kiin vd viic xdy dyng lieu chudn nghi, Bao cdo tdng kll dl ldi cip Bd, Vien nghien cuu vd phdl men giao dye Hi Ngi T ^ CHi KHOA HQC TRLfPNG BAI HQC HpNG PLTC - S6 DjiC BIET fS 2017) [4] Paprock K E (1996), Conceptual structure to develop adaptive competencies in professional IPNCiencia, Arte Cultura, Nueva Epoca, pp.22-25 TEACHING BASED ON PROFESSIONAL IMPLEMENTING APPROACH TO UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Ngujen Thi Tbanh, LeThi Hanh ABSTRACT Teaching based on professional implementing approach is the theory that leaching must be associated with professional practices, rooted m reality, the task, the requirement of certain jobs The system of capability standards to implement ihe career is Ihe slarlmg point and also the destination of the teaching process lo ensure thai graduates have the capacity corresponding to the requirements of the society Within the scope of the article, the author generalized Ike professional implementation capacity, the teaching based on professional implementing approach, features and steps lo implement this leaching method, wishing to contribute lo education reforming so as to meet the training requirements in today's Keywords: Capacity ofprofessional implementing, students ... figu chi va chi sd dung cho ddnh gia duoc cdng bl cho ngudi hoc bill trade kiem tta ddnh gia 2.4 Cic bu-dc thyc hi?n day hgc theo tilp can nang luc thyc hien nghe nghifp cho sinh vien dai hge Can... tiianh NLTHNN cho smh vign d mdc dp nao? Mo ta ro mdc dp hinh tiidnh NLTHNN lam ca sd cho viec ihigl ke bdi hoc vd ddnh gid kei qud day hoc theo tiep can NLTHNN, Bu&c Vigl dg cuang mdn hgc theo tiep... vao cliuin NLTHNN Bin chat ciia day hgc theo tiep can NLTHNN li viec td chdc dgy hoc nham hinh thdnh cdc NLTHNN cho sinh vien va dinh gii ket qud hgc tgp theo NLTHNN hg Ihong kien thdc, ky ndng,