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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOT 10 18173/2354 1075 2015 0001 Educational Sci 2015 Vol 60 No I pp 3 11 This paper is available online at http //stdb hnue edu vn T I E P C A N N A N G L U C T H U C H I E[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci 2015 Vol 60 No I pp 3-11 This paper is available online at http //stdb.hnue edu.vn DOT: 10.18173/2354-1075.2015-0001 T I E P C A N N A N G L U C T H U C H I E N VA D A D T A O N G H E T H E O TlfeP CAN N A N G L U C T H l J C HIEN Pham Thi Thuy Hdng Phdng Nghien cuu Chink sdch vd Chiin luge Gido due Viin Khoa hgc Gido due Viii Nam Tom tat Nang lUc thUc hien (NLTH) nghe nghiep ddng vai ird quan trpng viec dap flng yeu cau cua thi irudng lao ddng Nlu Viet Nam co thi irudng lao dong ddi dao chal lUdng lao dong cao thi se cd ldi the so sanh mang tinh canh tranh giai doan hoi nhap Nang lUc thuc hien cua ngudi lao dong chi cd dUdc ihdng qua dao tao Thuc te cho thay dao tao theo liep can NLTH cdn nhilu han chi Qua phan lich ve nang luc ihUc hien va thUc trang dao tao nghe, bai bao da de xuSt mot sd giai phap nham nang cao chat lUdng dao tao nghl theo tilp can NLTH dap flng yen clu ngudn nhan luc phuc vu phat trien nUdc nha Td khda: Nang lUc thUc hien tiep can nang iUc thUc hien dao tao then tilp can nang lUc thUc hien Mo dau Su nghilp cdng nghiep hoa, b i l n dai boa dat nUdc ddi bdi phai cd nguon nhan lUc, vdn va tai nguyen Ddi vdi Viet N a m , ca hai ngudn luc tai chinh va tai nguyen thien nhien deu rai han che nen ngudn lUc ngUdi la ldi t b i so sanh Erong giai doan bien Vi vay, dau lU phat tnen giao due va v i l e lam cho lUc lUdng lao ddng tre nham nang cao chat lUdng ngudn nhan lUc cd vai trd cot y l u giai doan b i l n Nghi quylt T W ve ddi mdi can ban toan d i l n giao due cung da chi tam quan cua viec binh cac NLTH cho ngUdi hpc n g h l Trong dd, ngudn nhan lUc tdt nghiep lai cac cd sd dao lao n g h l cdn chUa dap flng dUdc yen eau ve sd lUdng, chat lUdng, ki nang nghe nghiep [11] Ngudn nhan lUc d Viet Nam kha ddi dao, nhUng chUa dupe sU quan tam dung mflc, dao tao chUa dap flng y l u c i u sfl dung nhan luc dan d i n c h i t lUdng ngudn nhan lUc chUa cao, tinh trang man thuan giUa lUdng va chat Vi vay can nang cad chat lUdng dao lao nghe tai eac ed sd dao tao nghe dap flng y l u cau hinh NLTH cho ngudi hpc [9] ThUc bien dad tao dao lao nghe Iheo hfldng hinh nang lUc thUc hien nghl nghilp cho ngUdi hpc gdp phan binh nang lUc ihUc hien nghe nghilp cua ngudn nhan lUc thdi kl hien dai la can thiet Tam quan trpng v l dao tao nghe theo tiep can NLTH cung da dUdc khang dinh la van d l can dac biel quan tam ddi mdt can ban toan d i l n nen giao due [2] dd can nang eao nang lUe cho ngUdi hoe nghe [10]; kiem tra, danh gia theo t i l p can nang lUc tbuc hien [6]; quan If cac y l u id liln quan ldi qua trinh day mdi quan be gifla nha trudng va doanh nghiep [4]; nang cao nang lUe day nghe theo liep can nang life thUc b i l n cho giao vien [6] Ngay nhan bai-5/9/2014 Ngay nhan dang- 15/2/2015 Lien he: Pham Thi Thiiy Hong, e-mail: hongpU@pcc.edu v Pham Thj Thiiy Hong Dap flng yeu cau nhieu cdng Irinh nghien cflu ve dao tao iheo NLTH da dUdc thflc bien va eung da eho thiy thflc tl dao tao theo tiep can NLTH cdn nhieu ban che nhu ddi ngu giao vien ehua cd du nang lUc de giang day tich hdp li thuylt va thUc hanh [6]; it cd sU hdp tac tiong dao tao vdi ddn vi sfl dung lao ddng [4]; chfla kiem tra danh gia dung cac NLTH [6J va cac cdng trinh da dfla mdt sd giai phap cd ban nhung cdn mang tfnh nhd le rdi rac va can tbUc hien nghien cflu thIm nhfl phat trien nang lUc dpi ngu giao vien, ihay dui quy trinh kiem tra danh gia, quan li cac ylu td lien quan tdi nha IrUdng - doanh nghilp 2.1 Noi dung nghien cuU Cac khai niem Dao lao nghe la mdt qua trinh tac ddng cd chu di'ch cua ngUdi nham phat tnen lay nghl (dao lap nghe) va dao dflc, van hda nghl nghilp nhan each cua ngUdi lao ddng, the hien tren mat: Kien thfle, ki nang va thai dp nghe nghiep, phu hdp vdi yeu cau eua ihi trudng lao ddng va phat trien ngudn Iflc qude gia Su phan bd thdi lUdng kiln thflc tap chung chu yeu vao thue hanh tay nghl la dac diem cua dao lao nghe [5] Nang Iuc thUc hien (NLTH) la kiln Ihflc, kl nang, thai dd can tbiet, dfldc kit hdp nbuan nhuyen, khdng lach rdi de thue hien dUdc cae nhiem vu cdng viec cu the cua mpt nghl iheo chuan dal ra, nhflng dieu kiln nhat dinh Can true ciia NLTH gdm: kiln thflc, kT nang thai dd - Kha nang bieu biet chuyen mdn ve ITnb vUc cdng vile (Knowledge) - Kiln thflc - Kha nang sfl dung cac cdng cu lao dpng de lao pham Iheo cac tieu chuan kT thual quy dinh (Skill) - KT nang - Y thfle edng vile, linh than trach nhiem, y Ihflc hdp tac sU liln ddi xung quanh (Atittute) - Thai dp Kien thuc Thai KTnang Hinh 1.1 cdu true ndng lUc thuc hiin Tiiu chuan nang lUc tbUc hien dao tao nghl la mot tap hdp cac quy djnh vl cac cdng viec can lam va chuan miTe can dat dUdc tbUc hien cae cdng viec dd lai cd sd san xuat tUdng flng vdi cac trinh dp ciia nghe Tilp can nang lUc thuc biln dao lao nghl: Trong pham vi nghien cflu nay, ciim tfl "tilp can nang Iflc tbuc hien dao lao nghe" dfldc hieu la qua trinh thflc hien dao tao nghl Iheo hudng dam bao muc tieu (hay cdn goi la dam bao tieu chuan diu ra) dd muc tieu dao lao nghe dfldc xay dflng can cfl vao cac tieu ehuan diu ra, cae yeu cau vl nang lUc ihUc hien cua ngfldi lao ddng ddi vdi mdi nghl Tiep can ndng lUe ihuc hien vd ddo lao nghi theo nip cdn ndng lUc Ihuc hien 2.2 Dao tao nghe theo tiep can nang lire thurc hien Khi ban vl dao tao nghe theo liep can nang lUc Ibuc biln (NLTH) cd nbieu quan niem khac nhau, song cung thdng nhat rang dao lao nghe theo liep can NLTH la phUdng ihflc dao tao dUa vao cac NLTH, coi NLTH la cdi ldi xuyen xudt la can cfl de khdi dau va eung la muc lieu eudi cung qua trinh dao tao Muc dfch cua dao lao iheo tilp can NLTH la phat tnen mdt lUc lUdng lao dpng cd nang lUc bao gdm cae ca nhan cd the ihUc hien boat dpng lao ddng mdt each dn dinh, phu hdp va sang tao Dao tao theo tilp can nang lUc IbUe hien gan rit chat che vdi ylu ciu cua doanh nghiep sfl dung lao ddng Diem khae biel ciia dao lao nghl theo tiep can nang lUc ibue hien so vdi dao lao nghl truyen thdng la vile dinh hudng dau ra, day va hpc cac nang life ihUc biln, dao tan nghl theo liep can nang iue tbue hien, danh gia nang lUc ihUc hien, td chflc quan If Iheo nang luc thuc hien - Dinh hudng dau ra: Dao lao nghe dtta tren nang lUc tbUc bien cd dinh hudng va chii trpng vao kit qua dau cua qua trinh dao tao Dao tao dUa tren nang lUc thUc biln quan tam den tflng ngudi hpc cd the lam dUdc viec gi dd mdt tinh hudng nghl nghilp nhat dinh theo tieu chuan dl Trong dao lao nghl theo tilp can NLTH, mdt ngUdi dUdc xem la cd NLTH hp thUc hien dUde vile gi dd (lien quan ldi npi dung chfldng tiinh day hoc) va cd the lam dUdc nhflng vile dd tdt nhfl thi nao? (liln quan tdi viec danh gia kit qua hoc tap cua ngUdi bpc) - Chuang trinh dgy hgc dupe xdy dung tren kit qua phdn itch nghe Trong qua trinh xay dUng chUdng trinh dao tao, de xac dinh dupe cac NLTH cua ngUdi hanh nghe ngfldi xay dung ehUdng irinb phai tiln hanh phan ti'ch nghe (occupational analysis) Phan ti'ch nghl thuc chat la xac dinh md hinh boat dpng cua ngUdi hanh nghe, eu the la xac dinh cac nhiem vu (duties), cdng vile (tasks) ma ngUdi hanh nghe phai ibuc hien qua trinh lao ddng nghl nghiep Cd nhieu phUdng phap va kT Ihuat khac de phan tfcb nghe dd phUdng phap dUdc sfl dung phd biln nhat hien la DACUM (Develop A Curriculum) Kel qua cua qua trinh pban tich nghe la sd dd DACUM (DACUM Chart), mdt ,sd dd bieu diln he ihdng cac nhiem vu va cdng vile cua ngUdi hanh nghl tai vi trf vile lam Sd dd la can cfl xac dinh eac NLTH ciia ngUdi hanh nghl de dUa vao chUdng trinh dao tao Sd dd DACUM dUde trinh bay trin cd sd phan tfch nghe vdi eau true the hien npi dung cae nhiem vu lao ddng va cac cdng vile eua mdi nhiem vu cho mpt nghl tUdng flng vdi bac dao tao xac dinh HTnh thflc cua sd dd DACUM nhu sau: CONG VIEC A1 CONG VIEC A2 CONG VIEC A3 CONG VIEC B1 CONG VIEC B2 CONG VIEC 83 NHIEM VU C CONG VIEC Cl CONG VIEC C2 NHlfiM VU D CONGVlfiCDI CONG VIEC D2 NHIEM VU E CONG VIEC El CONG VIEC E2 NHIEM VU A CONG VIEC E3 Hinh I Mau cdu true sa dd DACUM Ciing vdi sd dd DACUM la Bang phan tich cdng viec Ndi dung cua bang the hien cac kiln ihflc, kT nang, thai dp can thill de thflc hien dUdc cdng vile da nlu sd dd DACUM cung nhu dilu kiln va lieu chuan thUc biln cua tflng edng vile ay Pham Thi Thljy Hong PHAN TICH CONG VIEC Nhiem vu: Budc Tieu chuan thflc hien Dung cu, thilt bj, vat lieu Quylt djnh each xfl If, sai hdng An loan Thai dp Kiln thflc Khai niem Khai nilm i Hinh Bdng phdn tich cong viic mot nghe - To'chdc ddo tgo nghe theo tiip cdn NLTH- phai dUdc tbiet kl va IhUc hien cho ngUdi hoc hoan chUdng trinh hoc lap sau da thdng thao tit ca cac NLTH dUdc xac djnh Irong ehUdng irinh, khdng phu thude vao ihdi lUdng (sd gid hay till hoc; ngfldi bpc cd the hpc theo kha nang va nhip dp eua rieng minh va khdng phu thude vao ngUdi khac ngUdi hoc dUdc phep chuyen tiep hoae khdi cbUdng trinh ma khdng can hoc lai nhflng NLTH ma bo da ibdng thao, dUdc cdng nhan va tfcb luy bang cac module - Ddnh gid vd xdc nhdn cdc NLTH: Danh gia kit qua bpc lap la mdt qua trinh ludng, thu Ihap ehflng cfl va dUa nhflng pban xet ve mpl hoac mdt sd NLTH da dat dUdc hay chua d ngUdi bpc lai mpl tbdi diem nhit dinh theo nhflng yeu eau ihue hien da xac dinh mue lieu, chUdng trinh day hpc 2.3 Thixc trang dao tao nghe 2.3.L Sd liTdc ve dao tao nghe Dap flng yeu ciu phat trien kinh tl xa hdi va nbu ciu ngudn nhan lUc Quy md dao tao nghl ciing tang nhanh (Sd lUdt ngUdi ndp bd sd bpc nghe nam la 1860 nghin lUdt ngUdi, tang 6,4% sp vdi nam trUdc) [li II hda gia, long cue dan so]; nang ti le lao ddng qua dao lao nghl len 26% Mang Ifldi cd sd dao tao nghe tang nhanh va phat iril'n rdng khap trin ca nUdc (cd 285 IrUdng irung cip nghe, 169 trfldng cao dang nghl va irin 1100 trung tam dao lao nghe) [7] Cac dilu kien bao dam chat lUdng dao tao nghl (ddi ngu ngUdi day, can bd quan If dao tao nghl, chUdng irinb dao tao nghl trang thiet bi dao tao nghe ) dUdc cai thien, dd chal lUdng ngUdi hoc hoc nghl eung dUde nang len Nlu xem xet loan bd he thdng dao lao nghe vdi cac cap trinh dp khac Ihi khoang 70% sd ngUdi hpc tim dUdc viec lam hoac tu tao vile lam sau tdt nghilp, d mdt sd nghl ti II dat tren 90% Ttiy nhien, sU mat can ddi cue bd ve cung cau lao ddng van tilp iuc tdn lai, dae bill tiong dd chfla dung nghich If thieu lao ddng cd tay nghl ti le lao ddng qua dao tao lai that nghiep cao (Irong sd ngfldi ihit nghiep nam 2013 tbi lao ddng cd irinh tfl cao ding trd len chilm 27,4%) Theo kit qua dilu tia lao ddng - viee lam eua Tdng Cue Thdng kl, lUe lUdng lao dong nam 2013 la 53,69 trieu ngUdi, lang 1,71% so vdi cung ki nam 2012; ca nudc cd 900 ngan ngudi that nghilp (chiem 1,9% lUc Ifldng lao ddng), ti le that nghiep cua nien dd tudi 15-24 la 5.95% Tl trpng lao ddng da qua dao tao d nfldc ta cdn thap, cd 25,45 trieu lao ddng cd tiinh dp chuyen mdn kT thual Hien ea nudc Udc cd khpang 52,4 trieu ngUdi cd viec lam, tang 1,36% so vdi nam 2012, lao dpng vin lam viec chu yeu irong khu vuc ndng, lam nghiep va thuy san (46,9%) (Ngudn: Sd lieu bao eao nam 2013 cua Tdng cue thong kl 2013) Tiip can ndng luc thuc hien vd ddo igo nghi iheo tiep can ndng liic ihuc hien Nguyen nhan Idn nhit eua van di la chal lUpng dao tao lao dpng chUa dap flng dUdc ylu ciu cua ngUdi sfl dung lao ddng Chfnh vi vay, Bd Lao ddng - ThUdng binh va Xa hdi lay vile nang cao chii lUdng dao tao nghl la mdt miic tieu cd ban qua Irinh ddi mdi va phat tnen dao tao nghe giai doan 2010 - 2020 dd lay viec tang cudng nang lUc cho ngUdi lao ddng lam chu dao 2.3.2 Thtfc trang nang Itfc cua nguon nhan Itfc Ket qua phan tich thUc trang ngudn nhan Iflc va thuc trang dao lao nghl Iheo tilp can NLTH dupe lac gia trich lire tfl luan an liln sT quan li giao due ve Qudn li ddo tgo nghi cdc irudng cao ddng nghe theo tiep can NLTH nhU saU' Qua tham dd y kiln cac chuyin gia va can bd doanh nghilp ndi sfl dung nhan lUc tdt nghiep cao dang nghe vl tbUc trang nang lUc eua nhan lUc trinh dd cao dang nghl cbo thay nhan xet vp nang lUe nhan lUe trinh dp CDN cd NLTH nghl nghilp d mflc trung binh kha Dieu cho thiy hieu qua mang lai tfl sfl dau tfl ve ngudn lUe d nhflng nam qua lai cac frudng CDN Tuy nhien, Chung la ed the nhan thay mdt sd danh gia ve NL cua nhan lUc trinh dp CDN nhu sau: KT nang thuc hanh dUdc danh gia d mflc TB dal idi 51,7% y kiln, mflc dUdi trung binh dat tdi 21% va y kiln mflc kha gidi khdng cao chi dat cd 17,3%; pban kiln thflc chuyen mdn cua nhan lUc dat mflc dp kha cao 50,1% y kiln danh gia, mflc TB dat 33,7%; kha nang thich flng vdi sU chay ddi cdng nghe cua nhan lUc cung lUdng ddi tdt 51,1 % Kien tliirc K[ iiaiis Tac plioiis L-liuydii m a n IIIIJL hiUili cdnK r i j i l i i ^ vH-i Uii'ic kl Bieu I: Ddnh gid ndng luc cua nhdn lUc trinh CDN Kit qua IbUe trang cho thay can tang cUdng bdi dudng ki nang thUc hanh eho ngUdi hoc, tang cUdng kl nang lam viec nhdm va gifl gin y thflc dao dfle nghe nghiep Tl le dat TB kbi danh gia kel qua ren luyen va hpc tap cua ngUdi hpc lUdng ddi cao, ti 11 kha gidi thap hdn vi vay cac TrUdng cung nen quan tam hdn den quan li hoal ddng hoc tap va ren hiyen cua ngUdi bpc Kit qua danh gia ve nang iUe ngudn nhan lUc da cho thay mpl sd diem khiem khuyit Irong dao tao nhan lUc tai cae trUdng, ben canh dd cac danh gia ve hpc lap va xep loai cua hpc vien danh gia ve chal Ifldng dao tap cho thay can tang cUdng giao due cac kT nang mem cbo ngUdi hpc nhU: kl nang giao liep, kT nang lap kl hoach cdng vile, kT nang kiem tra giam sal, kT nang tU danh gia, kl nang lam vile nhdm, van hda doanh nghiep Dilu phan anh dung thUc te ehSt lUdng giao due dao dflc nghl nghiep d cac trudng CDN van mang tfnh blnh ihflc Pham Thi Thuy Hdng • Hpc t#p Bieu 2: Xep loai hgc tap vd ren luyin ciia sinh vien CDN (%) V& thai dg, tac phong nghe nghiep Ve kT nang tay nghe " MLfc d$ d"=inh gia Trung binh (VICFC d^dSnh gia Ve thai (J$, tSc phong ngh& nghiep V4 kT nang tay nghe 20 40 60 80 Bieu dd 3: Ddnh gid vi chdt lupng DTN trinh CDN Thtfc trang dao tao Muc tieu dao tao cua hau hit cac trudng Cao dang nghl dUdc xay dUng trin cd sd dinh budng dau Cac lieu chuan nghl nghiep dUdc eu the hda mdi ebUdng trinh dao tao Chuang trinh ddo tgo nghe lai cae imdng CDN dUdc cau tao gdm chUdng trinh khung va ehUdng trinh chi till ChUdng trinh khung cd quan chu quan (Bd LDTB&XH) trUc tiep quan li, xay dUng va ban hanh Cac cd sd dao tao nghe dUa theo cac chUdng trinh khung da ban hanh de xay dung chUdng trinh cu the cho cd sd dao lao cua minh; Mdi ddn vi kiln thflc (module) irong cau tao ebUdng trinh diu dUde tbiet ke tap trung vao binh NLTH cho ngUdi hpc gdm: kiln thflc, kT nang, dd thai dp cua ngudi hoc khd ludng nen Irong eau tao chUdng trinh chi tilt module/ mdn hpc cung bi han che va thUc tl giang day cung khdng phat huy hit mdt nhflng phan quan trpng gdp pban tao nen cau true nang lUc thflc bien Hinh thde ddo igo: Trong dao lao nghl nhim hinh tbanb nang lUc thflc biln nghe nghiep cho ngUdi hoc ddng vai trd quan trpng bdi hinh thfle td chflc dao tao tai eac cd sd day nghl ndi chung tfldng ddi phong phu nhUng cdn mpl sd irUdng chfla coi cac binh Ihflc dao tao theo Tiep can ndng tut Ihi/c hien vd ddn tao nghe iheo liep cdn nang life Ihuc hien tiep can NLTH nbu huan luyen kT nang, phat trien nang lUc quan tri, Idp canh xi nghiep., dd eiing anh hudng lUdng ddi nhieu ldi viee binh NLTH cho ngUdi hpc a-Jnii} niii kSl qii (tao I go • r.gp ke hoach cl>ii Biiu 4: Y kiin ddnh gid ve thiic hien ddo tgo theo TC NLTH Viec kiem tra ddnh gid cdc NLTH - Viic su dung cdc tiiu chi ddnh gid kit qud hgc lap ciia ngudi hoc Do cbUdng trinh dUdc xay dUng cua cac tiiTdng CDN khdng hoan loan dUa tren kel qua cua phan tfcb nghl nin nhieu cbUdng trinh chUa cd he thdng tiiu chf NLTH cu the vl vay vile danh gia kit qua hpc tap cua ngUdi hpc biln van dUa trin muc di'ch, ylu ciu ctia bai hpc, mdn hpc VT vay, cd the eung mpt san pham hoac mdt thao tac nghl nghilp se cd nhflng danh gia khac d cac ngUdi day khac TbUc trang dan din kit qua danh gia khdng nhit quan, khdng khang dinh dUdc NLTH cua ngUdi hpe da dal cd nbieu y kiln khae - Cdc ngi dung ddnh gid kel qud hoe tap ciia ngifdi hgc: NhU da de cap d tren, chua cd lieu chf NLTH eua GVDN dUdc thilt lap dUa irln nbu cau thuc te nen danh gia cac san pham, cac tiiu chf tbanb pban hoac pham cung nhU cac ylu td can thiet dam bao ve an toan, nang suit, thai dp, sU phdi hdp rat I'l dUdc quan tam danh gia, chUa ke den tfnh sang tao va kha nang giai quyll van de Day cung dUdc coi la sU bat cap cua dao tao nghl ma thuc te dao tao nghe hien nay, viec dam bao chit lUdng san pham theo eac tieu chf dUdc dac bilt cot trpng dd ndi dung danh gia phai bao quat nhieu pbUdng dien eua s\l thuc hien, - Phuang phdp KTDG kit qua hoc tap PhUdng phap danh gia cua ngudi day cung da theo hudng ticb cue my nhien phan Idn ngudi day van danh gia theo kinh nghiem chu quan, dinh tinh, va dd dd, neu dUa sd ddng ngfldi day thao luan ve mflc dd su ibUc hien cung rat khd dat dUdc sU nhit trf 2.4 Mot so de xuat - Thuc hien viic phdn tieh nghi nghiim ngat: Doi vdi chUdng trinh dao lao nghe ndi chung dac biet dao tao nghl theo tilp can nang lUc thUc hien th'i viec tiln hanh phan tich nghe ddng vai trd quan irpng Trdng qua Irinh xay dung chUdng trinh dao tao, de xac djnh dUdc cae NLTH cua ngudi hanh nghe, ngUdi xay dung chUdng trinh phai tiln hanh phan tfcb nghe Phan u'ch nghl IhUc chal la xac dinh md binh boat ddng cua ngUdi^anh nghl, cu ibe la xac dinh cac nhiem vu (duties), cdng vile (lasks) ma ngUdi hanh nghe phai thuc hien irong qua trinh lao ddng nghe nghiep itt dd dfla muc lieu, ndi dung chUdng trinh dao lao phu hdp Pham Thi Thiiy Hdng - Thife hiin viic kiem tra, ddnh gid kit qua ddo igo iheo tieu ehuan ddu ra: Lay tieu chuan dau I a cua ngfldi lao dpng vl kiln Ihflc, kT nang, thai dp lam tieu ehuan xay dung bd tiiu chf danh gia nang Iflc thUc hien cua ngfldi hoc tfl dd mdi cd the dilu chinh hoat ddng day nghl phu hdp dap flng yeu eau ngudn nhan Iflc - Bdi dudng ndng cao ndng luc thuc hanh eho ddi ngit gido vien ddp ioig yen edu day hgc tieh hgp ddo tgo nghe Trong dao tao nghe giao vien ddng vai trd quan trpng Irong viec hinh nang lUc thUc hien cho ngUdi hpc, phUdng phap giang day tich hdp dao tao nghl ddi hdi ngUdi giao vien phai vflng kiln thflc chuyen mdn va kT nang ihuc hanh tay nghe de cd the vfla iruyin dat li thuylt vfla thao tac mlu khu truyen dai kiln thflc eho ngudi hpc - Kiin loan hi thdng cO sd vdi chdt phuc vu cdng tdc ddo lao iheo liip can NLTH: Vdi ebUdng trinh dao tao nghl dUdc xay dung tren cd sd phan tfcb nghl DACUM va thiet kl dUdi dang module vdi cac ddn nguyen kiln thflc trpn ven gdm xac dinh rd cac nhiem vti, cdng viec cu the bao gdm ca kiln thflc If thuylt va kiln thflc thflc hanh De ihue hien cac module mdn hoc dd ddi hdi phai cd tra ng thilt bj, vat tU, vat lieu phuc vu day va hpc dd dl' dao tao nghe theo tiep can NLTH thi mpt he thdng cd sd vat chat trang Ihilt bi dUdc trang bi day du dap flng ylu cau giang day la dilu kien bai budc HI ihdng cd sd vai chal, trang thiet bi day du, dap flng ylu cau giang day se gdp pbin binh cac NLTH cbo ngUdi hpc Ket luan Doi vdi dao tao nghe, vile dao tao Iheo tiep can dau nham hinh cac NLTH eho ngUdi hpc (dao tao nghe theo tilp can NLTH) la hit sflc can thilt Muc tieu dao tao dUdc xay dUng theo dinh hUdng dau ra, ndi dung chUdng irinh dao tao dUdc xay dUng tren cd sd IbUc hien phan tfcb nghl nghiem ngat, qua trinh dao tao dUdc giam sat chat che va cae tieu chuan NLTH cua ngUdi lao dpng dUdc sfl dung lam tiiu chi danh gia kel qua dao tao Tuy nhiin, ihUc tl cho thay nang lUc thuc hien cua ngUdi lao ddng chua dupe danh gia cao, kit qua dao tao cdn nhieu han cbl vi vay can thilt phai thUc hien mpl sd dieu chinh nham nang cao kha nang dao lao thuc hanh nghl theo liep can NLTH TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] [2] Bdo cdo dgy nghi 2011, Tdng cue day nghl, 2012 Nguyin Thi Dan Tran Trung, 2012 Ndng luc ihife hien • Vdn di cdn dgc biel quan idm ddi mdi can bdn, todn diin nen gido due Tap chi Giao due So 294, tr 4-5, 27 [3] Nguyen Minh Dudng, 2006 Ddo tgo nhdn life ddp ibig yeu edu CNH HDH irong diiu kien kinh ti thj trudng, loan edu hda vd hdi nhdp quoc li Nxb Dai hoc Qude gia Ha Ndi [4] Dao Viet Ha, 2009 To chdc dgy hoc chuyin mdn nghi theo liep can ndng lite ihuc hien/Ddo Viet Hd Tap chf Giao due, Sd 218, tr 12-14 [5] Nguyin Ngpc Hiing, 2006 Tiep can nang life ihuc hiin irong ddo tao gido viin dgy nghe tgi cdc trudng su pham ki ihugi/ Nguyen Ngoe W(«^ Tap ehi Khoa hpc Giao due, Sd 10, ir 37-40 [6] Vu Xuan Hung, 2011 Ndng lue dgy hgc ciia gido viin dgy nghi iheo tiip can ndng luc ihuc hiin Tap chf Khoa hpc giao due So 72, ti- 41-44 [7] ILO, Occupational Competencies: Idenlification Training Evaluation, Ceriificaiion WW w Ci nterfor.org uy Tiep cdn ndng luc ihitc hiin vd ddo lao nghe Iheo nip cdn ndng luc thtfc hiin [8] Kerka, S., 2001 Competency-based education and training ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career and Vocational Education, Columbus, OHIO [On-line] Available, hyperlink hllp://erieacve.org/ doegen asp''tbl=mr&ID=65 [9] Nguyen Dfle Trf, 1996 Tiip can ddo tgo nghi dua trin ndng luc ihitc hiin vd viic xdy difng tiiu chi nghe (Bdo cdo long kit de tdi cap Bd 93-38-24) Vien Nghiin cflti Dai hpc va Giao due chuyin nghilp Ha Ndi [ 10] Bui Dflc TC 2014 Mot sd gidi phdp qudn li d trudng eao ddng nghi theo liip cdn ndng luc thuc hiin Tap chi Khoa hoc Giap due, Sd 107, tr 31-33 [I I] PGS.TS Pham Dfle VUdng, 2010 Ve ngudn nhdn luc Viet Nam ndm 2010 vd nhi'fng ndm sau Bao nhan tai nhan lUc ABSTRACT Competency and training using the using the competecy-based approach It is important that employees be competent in their work m order to be valuable employees and meet labor market needs, In Vietnam there is abundant manpower and if they could function as high quality employees they would have a competitive advantage Employees can learn professionalism only through training However, access to training is limited After analyzing the manpower carrying capacity and vocational tiaining situation, the authors propose a number of measures that wpuld improve the quality of vocational training lo better meet the need for skilled human resources in Vietnam Keywords: Implementation competency, implementation capacity approach, training under eompetecy approach ... Tiep can ndng lUe ihuc hien vd ddo lao nghi theo nip cdn ndng lUc Ihuc hien 2.2 Dao tao nghe theo tiep can nang lire thurc hien Khi ban vl dao tao nghe theo liep can nang lUc Ibuc biln (NLTH) cd... dinh, phu hdp va sang tao Dao tao theo tilp can nang lUc IbUe hien gan rit chat che vdi ylu ciu cua doanh nghiep sfl dung lao ddng Diem khae biel ciia dao lao nghl theo tiep can nang lUc ibue hien... tflng ngudi hpc cd the lam dUdc viec gi dd mdt tinh hudng nghl nghilp nhat dinh theo tieu chuan dl Trong dao lao nghl theo tilp can NLTH, mdt ngUdi dUdc xem la cd NLTH hp thUc hien dUde vile gi dd