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li OHPITHG V^U CHUflflO THO THGO HOC CHC T I H CHJ O PGS TS PHAN THI H O N G VINH O O XUAN TIEN* 1 Yeu cdu cua ddo tgo theo hgc che tin hudng, d i l u khien, d i l u chfnh thdi do TH, thuc ehi (HCTC)[.]
li OHPITHG V^U CHUflflO THO THGO HOC CHC TIH CHJ O PGS TS PHAN THI H O N G VINH - O O XUAN TIEN* Yeu cdu cua d d o t g o theo hgc che tin ehi (HCTC) vdi ndng lyc t y hgc (NLTH) cua sinh vien (SV) Tfn ehf Id dgi lugng khdi lugng loo ddng hgc tdp trung binh cuo ngudi hgc (todn bd thdi gian mdt ngudi hoc binh thudng phdi sii dung dd hgc mdt mdn hgc), gdm: thdi gian hgc tren Idp; hgc phdng thf nghiem, thyc tdp hogc Idm cdc phdn viee khde dd dugc quy djnh d ehuong trinh mdn hgc; thdi gian ddnh cho viec ty hgc (TH) ngodi Idp nhu dgc sdch, nghien ciiu, gidi quyet vdn de hodc chudn bj bdi Khde vdi ddo tgo theo nien che, ddo tgo theo HCTC khdng gidi hgn thdi gian hgc SV se phdi chu ddng xdy dyng Id trinh hgc tdp cuo rieng minh, tu lya chgn mdn hgc de'n thdi gian hgc, thdm ehi lya chgn cd gidng vien (GV), cho phu hgp vdi ndng lyc (NL), sd thfch, siic khdevd finh hinh tdi chfnh cuo bdn thdn De chuyen song hgc tdp theo HCTC, yeu cdu hdng ddu Id phdi ddi mdi phuong phdp dgy hpc GV chl hudng ddn SV cdch hgc, tdng cudng hen nua quyen chu dgng cuo SV, khoi thde tdi ling dyng cdng nghe thdng Hn vd truyin thdng Tuy nhien, cdc trudng dgi hgc su phgm, SV vdn quen vdi hinh thue «dpc, chep" (tu thdi phd thdng) nen se gdp n h i l u khd khdn neu phdi ty td chlic hogt ddng hgc tdp nghien ciiu cuo minh Vi vdy, viec Hm kiem bien phdp nhdm phdt trien NL TH cho SV dugc dgt ro mdt cdch cdp thiet Oe hogt ddng TH eua SV dgt hieu qud, GV phdi Hen hdnh hogt ddng dgy cdch TH cho SV, giup SV cd khd ndng hinh thdnh vd hodn thien cd ba mgt: nhdn thuc, kindng (KN) vd thdi dp - Nhdn thuc vi TH, gdm: Nhdn thiic dung v l y nghTa, voi trd cuo TH; v l ndi dung vd phuang phdp TH; ve cde ye'u td dnh hudng de'n ket qud TH Viec nhdn thiic dung ve TH cd voi trd djnh ^_ hudng, d i l u khien, d i l u chfnh thdi TH, thuc ddy SV nd lyc vugt quo khd khdn, hodn thdnh nhiem vy hgc top Thdi TH Id cdch iing x i i cuo SV vdi viec hgc tdp cuo bdn thdn, dugc quy djnh bdi cdc yeu td tdm If ben frong, nhu: nhu cdu, ddng co, thu, y ehf khde phyc khd khdn frong hgc tgp Thdi doTH bieu hien dudi nhilu hinh thiic, nhu: chuyen edn, tfnh tieh cyc sdng tgo, sy soy me hgc tdp vd nghien ciiu khoa hgc de dgt thdnh tfch cao KNTH Id thdnh phdn cdt Idi cuo NLTH Co nhieu quan diem khde v l K N , nghien ciiu v l K N , cdn luu y mdt so vdn de sou: KN la hdnh ddng cy the dugc thyc hien dya tren tri thtic tuong iing; Ngudi cd KN Id ngudi thye hien dugc cdc thao tdc, hdnh ddng mdt cdch ehfnh xdc va thdnh thyc, nen dgt hieu qud coo hogt dgng; Co che hinh thdnh KN theo co che hinh hdnh ddng Trong hogt ddng TH, SV phdi cd KN xdc djnh mye tieu hgc tdp, len ke hogch vd lya chgn, Hm tdi phuong phdp hgc tdp phu hgp vdi nhiem vy, d i l u kien thyc te; KN tu kiem tro, ddnh gid va ty d i l u chfnh hogt dgng hgc tdp cua minh Cd nhieu cdch phdn logi KNTH, theo chung tdi, cd nhdm KNTH co bdn: Xdy dyng ke hogch TH; Td chiic thyc hien K N ; Ty kiem tro, ddnh gid ket qud TH Cd'u true m d hinh NLTH cua SV theo Hep cgn NL thuc hien 1) Tiep can NL Hiye hien dugc hinh thdnh va phdt trien rdng khdp tgi MT (ndm 1970) vd sou d d phdt trien mgnh me d cde qudc gio Anh, Australia, Nev/ Zealand, x u Wales Xud't phdt hi iTnh vyc ddo tgo n g h i Hep cgn NL thyc hien ngdy cdng phdt trien rgng rdi mgi logi hinh ddo tgo, nhdm myc dfch chudn bi * Tnrdng Dai hpc sir pham Ha Npi Tap ciii Giao due so (ki - 9/2011) lyc lugng loo ddng cho nen kinh te cgnh tranh todn cdu Cdc hgc g i d , cdc nhd gido dye vd cdc nhd tuyen dyng xem ddy Id cdch cd dnh hudng vd dugc ung hd mgnh me nhd't de cdn bdng GDDT eung vdi nhQng ddi hdi tgi noi Idm viec N h i l u nhd gido dye sii dyng md hinh NL nhu nhQng phuong Hen de xdc dinh vd gdn ket cde ddi hdi cuo thyc t i l n qud trinh GD-OT Theo N g u y l n HQu Lam, Hep cdn NL thye hien ed nhung uu the so vdi cde cdch tiep cdn khde, nen thudn Igi hon viec thyc hien mye Heu ddo tgo NhQng uu diem cuo tiep cdn NL Id: Cho phep cd nhdn hda viec hpc (tren co sd md hinh NL, SV se bd sung nhQng thie'u hyt cuo cd nhdn, de thyc hien nhQng nhiem vy cy the cuo minh); - Chu trpng vdo ket qud ddu ra; - Tgo sy linh hogt viec dgt tai nhirng ket qud ddu (theo nhQng cdch thiie rieng phu hgp vdi dgc diem vd hodn ednh cuo cd nhdn); - Tgo khd ndng xdc dinh rd rdng nhirng gi cdn dgt vd nhirng tieu chudn cho viec Iuang cdc thdnh qud gido vien md Bd GD-OT da dua Tuong iing vdi cdc chudn cuo NL gido vien trung hgc, chung tdi d l xudt cd'u true md hinh NLTH cua SV theo tiep can NL thyc hien nhu sou; - Nhgn thiic dung v l y nghTa, vai trd, ngi dung vd phuong phdp TH; Cd thdi nghiem tue TH; cd thdi quen TH theo ke hogch; cd y thtic trdch nhiem vdi bdn thdn, gia dinh, bgn be vd cdng ddng; - Cd KN nhgn djnh, ddnh gid Hnh hudng, vd'n d l ; cd KN Hep edn, khoi thde vd xii If thdng Hn phyc vy TH mgt cdch hgp If, khoa hoc; Cd KN ldp ke hogch TH; Xay dyng vd thyc hien ke hogch TH mdt cdch dgc ldp, cd phuong phdp vd chfnh xdc v l mdt ndi dung; cd khd ndng tu logic, phdn tfch, tdng hgp, trCru tugng hda, nhdn biet cdc mdi quan he he thd'ng vd qud trinh gido dye; Cd khd ndng lien he kie'n thiic vdi thye tien cdc finh hudng gid dmh hay finh hudng that; - Cd khd ndng dgt dugc myc dfch mon hgc, bdi hgc nhQng finh hudng xd hdi cung nhu phdi hgp vdi cdc thdnh vien khde (thdng qua hinh thtic Viec chu trgng vdo ket qud ddu vd nhifng hgc tgp nhdm hoy hogt dgng ngogi khda); - A p tieu chudn ludng khdch quan de tgo ro ket dyng ed hieu qud cdc KNTH; xdc djnh, ddnh gid qud Id diem dugc cdc nhd hogch djnh chfnh dugc nhQng co hgi phat trien eung nhu nhung sdch GD-OT vd phdt trien ngudn nhdn lye ddc gidi hgn cija ca nhdn; xdy dyng vd thyc hien ke hogch phdt trien ea nhdn, nhQng quan diem, biet quan tdm 2) Cdu true md hinh NLTH eua SV theo tiep chudn gid trj dgo dtic vd dgng co chi phdi cdc ting xii vd hdnh vi qud trinh TH; - Kiem tro, can NL thye hien Ndm 2008, Bd GD-OT dd duo «Chudn nghi ddnh gid ket qud TH mdt cdch khdch quan vd nghiep gido vien trung hgc'' Chudn dugc xdy biet cdch dieu chinh ke hogch TH hgp If Co che tdm li vd qud trinh hinh thdnh dyng tren co sd ket hgp md hinh cd'u fruc nhdn cdch vdi md hinh hogt ddng n g h i nghiep, phdn NLTH eho SV Trong qud trinh hinh thdnh NLTH cho SV, cd anh nhQng yeu cdu v l phdm ehdt vd NL cuo ddi nhQng co che tdm If cdn luu y: - Ddng co: Hdnh ngu gido vien Viec phdn tfch cdc NL ciio gido vien duge cdn dgng boo gid eung xudt phdt tu nhu cdu, Igi fch cii vdo cde hogt ddng co bdn n g h i dgy vd hiing thu (chfnh nd tgo ro dgng eo hdnh ddng) hgc, Idn lugt theo cde cdng dogn hdnh n g h i Vi Trong hogt ddng TH, SV phdi nhdn thtic dugc vgy, cd the trinh bdy cdc NL cuo gido vien theo nhu cdu vd Igi fch cuo viec TH, cd ddng co TH Tu cac Heu chudn sou: Phdm chdt chfnh tri, dgo d d , cd nhdn dmh, phdn tich, so sdnh, tdng hgp, diic, Idi sdng cua gido vien; - Tim hieu ddi tugng thd'ng nhd't cdc ngudn thdng Hn, y tudng, hudng vd mdi trudng gido dye; Xdy dyng ke hogch gidi quyet vd ddnh gid hogt dgng TH; Sy ty dgy hgc vd gido dye; - Thye hien ke hogch dgy gide: Tdm If eon ngudi cd nhilu cdp vd binh hgc; Thyc hien ke hogch gido dye; - Kiem tro, dien v l nhdn thtic, finh cdm, y chf SV phdi tgo ddnh gid ket qud hgc tdp vd ren luyen dgo diic; ro sy ddng thudn, hdi hdo giua cdc mgt vd ty Hogt dgng chfnh trj xd hdi; Phdt trien n g h i gide hdo qud frinh dd (hieu dugc sy cdn thie't phdi TH, biet khoi thde vd ket hgp dugc cdc ye'u nghiep to thugn Igi, nd lyc khde phyc khd khdn de hodn Ody Id cdn cii quan trgng de xdy dyng md thdnh nhiem vy d l ro); - Cache hogt ddng: qud hinh NLTH cho SV cde Trudng dgi hgc su trinh TH Id sy tdc ddng quo Igi giQo chu the vd phgm Tu d d , td chtic hogt ddng TH cho SV d dd'i tugng hgc tdp Trong dd, d i l n ro qud trinh tren Idp vd ngodi g i d len Idp phu hgp vdi Chudn Tap chi Giao due so (ki - 9/201 D ^ chu quan hod vd khdch quan hod kien thtic cd nhdn de phdt trien NL nhdn thuc cuo SV; - Co che ldy Ion, edng hudng, hgp tdc: qud trinh TH d i l n ro mdi quan he ngudi hgc vdi ngudi hgc Trong TH, Idm viec vdi nhilu ngudi se ddng vien khfch le, hd trg de hodn thdnh nhiem vy dugc gioo Ody Id qud trinh tdm If bien chiing, cd Hnh Idy Ion vd cdng hudng, Idm ndy sinh finh cdm, phdt frien KN hgc tdp hgp tde giua cdc thdnh vien Tu nhQng CO che tdm If fren, qud frinh hinh thdnh NLTH cho SV cd the dugc thyc hien nhu sou: Khai day hirng thu hgc tap frong SV (SV phdi thdy dugc Igi fch cuo viee TH vd hinh thdnh ddng co TH mdt cdch dung ddn) - Hudn luyen cdc KNTH eho SV, Kr viee ldp ke hogch cho den ddnh gid ket qud TH Yeu cdu ddt ro Id phdi cd sy ty gide thi viec TH mdi dgt ket qud tdt nhdt Td chirc ren luyen cdc KNTH cho SV Cy the, cho SV TH fren Idp, tdng cudng hinh thuc TH ngodi Idp theo td, nhdm Thyc tap ddnh gid qud trinh TH thdng quo hinh thtic quan sdt, theo ddi tien TH, bdi tgp thyc hdnh, bdi kiem tro thudng xuyen, bdi tdp finh hudng, seminar Td ehue trao ddi, thdo ludn de hgc hdi, rut kinh nghiem tu cdc thdnh vien nhdm Td chuc ddnh gid, ty ddnh gid ket qud vd tdng ket ket qud TH a Tai lieu tliam khao BO GD-DT Chui'n nghe nghiep giao vien trung hoc (trung hoc ca sd va trung hoc ph6 thOng) NXB Dgi hoc suphgm, H 2008 Bo GD-DT Quy che dao tao dai hpc va cao dang he chinh quy theo he thd'ng tin chi, H 2007 Trdn Thi Minh Hing Mdt sd'y^u td' tdm li co bdn tu hoc cua sinh viin trudng cao ddng suphgm LuSn an tie'n sT Truang Dgi hoc suphgm Hd Ndi 2003 Trin Van Hi^u Xdy dung vd rin tuyin hi thSng Id ndng tu hoc cho sinh viin Di t^i Ichoa hpc cOng nghe c^p Bo Trudng Dgi hgc suphgm Hui 2002 Nguygn Hiru Lam "M6 hinh nSng lire giao due, d^o tao va phat tri^n ngu6n nhan luc" Trung tdm nghiin euu vd phdt triin qudn try - CEMD, Truemg Dai hoc Kinh l€ TP H6 Chi Minh 2007 SUIVII^ARY Starting from the demand of credit-based training, the authors approach the issue of implementation capability (model structure, psychological mechanism ) to organize self-study for students, meeting the demand of renewing teaching methods In new ways Mot SO giai phap Tai lieu tham khao Chi thi sO' 40-CT/TW cua Ban Bi thu \6 viec xfty dung, nSng (Tiep theo trang 14) cao chit luong dOi ngu nha giao v^ cSn bO quan li giao due nhd trudng; - BD eho HT v l ngogi ngQ, Hn Nghi dinh 43/2006/ND-CP ng^y 24/5/2006 cua Thu tuong hgc Hinh thirc DT, BD: De ddp ung yeu Chinh phu quy djnh quy^n tu chii, tu chiu trach nhiem v^ thuc cdu ngdy cdng coo cuo n i n gido dye hien hien nhiem vu, t6 chuc bO may, bien ch^ vh tki chinh d6i vdi dgi, CBQL cdn dugc DT, BD dudi n h i l u don vi su nghiep cOng lap hinh thtic da dgng vd phong phu nhu: ThOng tu sff 29/2009/rT-BGDDT ngky 22/10/2009 vt chuin + BD thudng xuyen, dugc thye hien bdng hieu trudng trudng THCS, doiemg THPT vk truong phd thOng n h i l u cdch nhu: ty hgc, ty BD thyc nhi^u cip hpc cua Bp trudng BO GD-DT Hin gido dye, tham gio cde budi hdi thdo, Vuong Lac Phu - Tudng Nguyet Thin Khoa hpc lanh dao hien dai NXB Chinh tri qudc gia, H 2000 tham gio cdc khdo BD ngdn hgn Trong Thai Van Thanh Quan li giao due va quan li nha truomg dd ty hgc ty BD Id cdch BD co bdn nhd't, NXB Dai/ipc//M/, 2007 thdng quo cdc hogt ddng thuc t i l n ve QL Quye't dinh sO' 1138/QD-UB ngky 16/4/2002 cua UBND nhd trudng, CBQL ty rut nhung bdi hgc tinh Thanh Hoa kinh nghiem, khde phye nhQng mgt cdn SUMMARY hgn ehe; + BD tap trung: nhdm BD mdt The auth proposed six solutions to Improve the quality of each cd he thd'ng de ndng coo trinh management staff at lower secondary schools in Tho Xuan ddi ngu CBQL trudng THCS chua dugc District, Thanh Hoa Province Some remarkable solutions ae chudn hod v l trinh OT vd cd ke hogch the reform ofthe management staff planning; the selection ndng cdp DT, BD ddi ngu CBQL cdc bgc and appointment of management staff; innovative training and refraining of management personnet hgc, cdp hgc • Tap clii Giao due s6 (ki - 9/201 n ... ro dgng eo hdnh ddng) hgc, Idn lugt theo cde cdng dogn hdnh n g h i Vi Trong hogt ddng TH, SV phdi nhdn thtic dugc vgy, cd the trinh bdy cdc NL cuo gido vien theo nhu cdu vd Igi fch cuo viec TH,... hogt ddng: qud hinh NLTH cho SV cde Trudng dgi hgc su trinh TH Id sy tdc ddng quo Igi giQo chu the vd phgm Tu d d , td chtic hogt ddng TH cho SV d dd''i tugng hgc tdp Trong dd, d i l n ro qud... SV, Kr viee ldp ke hogch cho den ddnh gid ket qud TH Yeu cdu ddt ro Id phdi cd sy ty gide thi viec TH mdi dgt ket qud tdt nhdt Td chirc ren luyen cdc KNTH cho SV Cy the, cho SV TH fren Idp, tdng