CSNGMCNCdU TIEP CAN NANG LUC THUC HIEN TRONG THIET KE DAY HOC COA GIAO VIEN DAY NGHE TS VOXUANHONG T&ig cyc Dfir ngiif Thilt k l day hpe l i edng vile quan trpng cda ngudi giio viin trong boat ddng da[.]
CSNGMCNCdU TIEP CAN NANG LUC THUC HIEN TRONG THIET KE DAY HOC C O A GIAO VIEN DAY NGHE TS.VOXUANHONG T&ig cyc Dfir ngiif Thilt k l day hpe l i edng vile quan trpng cda ngudi giio viin boat ddng day bpc Tit c i nhdng edng vile chuln bj cho budi day hpe phii dupe t h i hiln bin thilt k l day hpe Trong qui trinh day hoc, bii giing eda ngudi giio vlln cd t b l coi nhu l i mdt kjch bin nghi t h u i t Kich bin niy ddi hdi phii dupe thilt k l mdt d e h cdng phu, khoa hpe, t b l biln trinh dd v i nghi thuit su pham cda ngudi giio vlln nhlm dat muc tiiu day hpe Tuy nhiln thye t l , nhilu nguyin nhin, vile thilt k l day hpe eda giio viin day nghi (GVON) edn nhilu ban ehl.Tilp cin ning lye thye biln (NLTH) l i d c h giii quylt trilt d l d l cd mdt bin thiit k l day hpe hilu qui, hii hda trin nhilu phuong diln, hudng tdi sy thye hiln thinh thao eda ngudi hpc thye tlln Thilt k i d a y hoc v l dao tao theo NLTH T.7 Thiit ki day hoc dia tgo nghi Thilt k l day hoc i i mdt qui trinh ed tfnh h i thdng d l biln d c nguyin tie day hpe thinh k l hoach boat ddng day, boat ddng hpe v i sd dung, khai thic phupng tiin, t i i lilu hpc tip Cd nhilu cich tilp cin khic v l thilt k l day hpe nhu tilp cin h i thdng, tilp cin ndi dung, t i l p can muc tiiu , nhung ed t b l quy v l hai dang co bin l i : Tiip edn theo truyin thdng (tiip cdn ndt dung) v i tiip edn theo hlin dal (tiip cdn NLTH) Mdi d c h t i l p cin d i u ed nhdng Uu vilt rilng, song d l phu hpp vdi sy phit triln manh m l cda khoa hpc giio due hiln nay, t i l p cin biln dai - tilp can NLTH t h i hlin rd nhilu dilm ndi trdi Theo tiip eIn NLTH, thilt k l day hpc l i xlc dinh dupe m uc t l l u day hpc theo sit ylu ca u td thyc tien; l i lya chpn nhdng ndi dung cho vda dd, khdng thda, khdng thilu, t b l hiln sy tich hpp eao gida If thuylt v i thyc hinh; l i lya chpn phUPng phip, phuong tien day hpc phit huy tfnh tfnh eye ddi da eda ngudi hpe, gidp ngudi hpc sau bii hpc thyc hiln dupe nhilm vu, edng vile cda nghi Ndi cich khac, muc tiiu, ndi dung, phuong phip, phuong t l l n day hpc phii l i mdt t b l thdng nhat theo tilp cin NLTH cic edng vile cua nghi vdi nhdng chuan dupe quy djnh dilu kiln cho trUde Theo t i l p cin NLTH, thilt k l day hpc dua trin miy luin dilm chlnh, dd l i : 1/ D?y v i hpc tfeh cue phii l i lly boat ddng hpc lim trung t i m ; 2/ Muc tllu 34 HQcsUggve day hpe chfnh l i nhdng kiln thdc, ki nang, thil dp mdi dupe hinh thinh d ngudi hpe t h i biln d hinh ddng m i ngUdi hpc phii thyc hiln dupe; 3/ Kl hoach day bpc vdi y nghia l i sin phlm eda thilt k l day hpe phii t b l biln dupe k l hoach cda d e boat ddng hpc kit hpp vdi k l hoach khai thic d e phuong tiin, t i l lilu hpe t i p eda ngudi hpc; 4/ Khi mang y nghia l i mdt quy trinh chat chl, tdng boat ddng k l hoach day hpe phii dat d i n mdt y l u elu chit luong eu t h i cd t b l dim, quan sit Suae, lim cP sd d l quylt djnh chuyin sang budc k l tilp; 5/ HI thdng boat ddng day, boat ddng hpc v i su phdi hpp gida chdng t h i hiln phuang phip day hpc Suae chpn Khi thilt k l bil hpc d n phii luu y d i n nhdng ciu bdi: O l lim gl (muc tllu)? Ai thyc hiln (giio vlln vi hpc sinh)? Cii gl (ndi dung)? Nhu t h i nio (hinh thde td chdc v i phuang phip thyc biln)? d diu (dja dilm thyc hinh, thyc tip)? Khi nio (thdi dilm)? Bao liu (thdi gian) ? Kit qui mong dpi? Sin phlm eda thilt k l day hpc khdng chl l i mdt bin giio i n , d l cuong ndi dung theo mlu ed sin mi l i t i t ci nhdng thilt k l phu trp khic nhu trinh chilu diln td, md phdng, boat blnb, video; cie t i i lilu hpc t i p (diln td hole phit tay) phuc vu die lyc cho boat ddng eda thly v i trd bii hpe IJ.OiotgotheoNLTH Ngiy nay, dio tao theo NLTH dang trd thinh xu t b l phd biln trin t b l gidi Trong dio tao theo NLTH, ngudi ta quan t i m d i n vile dio tao eon ngudi bilt vin dung kiln thde kl ning, thil dd vio giii quylt nhOng nhilm vu thyc tiin, eung d p eho hp nhdng ning lye can thilt, phu hpp Si thyc hiln tdt cie ylu clu boat ddng nghi nghiip Oao tao theo NLTH ehd ylu dya vio nhdng tllu chuln quy djnh cho mdt nghi v i dio tao theo d c t i i u chuan dd ehd khdng dya vio thdi gian Vdi t i l p d n nhU viy, ed t b l hilu NLTH l i kiln thde ki nang, thii dd d n t h i l t dupe kit hpp nhuln nhuyln, khdng tieh rdi Si thue hiln dupe cic nhilm vu, cdng vile cu t b l cda mdt nghi theo chuln dlt ra, nhdng dilu kiln nhlt djnh (sodd 1) Ngoii d c die trung nhu dio tao gin vdi vile lim, md phdng d c boat ddng td thyc tlln; dinh hudng vio d i u cda q u i trinh dio tao tbl dio tao theo NLTH cd ndi dung thilt thye tfch hpp trpn ven gida li thuylt v i thyc hinh theo tdng cdng vile cda NGHl£NCiluG3 nghi Do viy, d l day hpe theo NLTH, ndi dung bii hpe ein Suae thilt k l theo trinh ty tdng cdng vile nhdng kiln thde ki ning v i thii dd e&n thilt phii dupe hinh thinh d l ngudi hpc ed t b l thye hiln thinh thao tdng cdng vi|c cda nghi nhdng dilu kiln nhlt djnh Kien thCfC - Cliuan thuc hien - Dieu l(ien thuc hien Ki nang Thii (3(J 5add;;CdfufriicA//.rH ThUc trang chung v l thiet k l day hoc cua GVON Trong nhdng nim g i n dly, vile i p dung tilp cin NLTH vio dio tao nghi d i tao nhdng chuyin biln tfeh cyc v l chit lupng dio tao, nhiln qua dd cung eho thly ddi ngd GVDN cdn nhilu ban ehl, bat cip nhlt l i vile thilt k l day hpe Qua nghiln cdu 200 hd SP cda GVDN tham dy Hdi gilng GVDN toin qudc nim 2009 cho thly: cd 15% giio vlln ehua xie djnh dung mue tiiu day hpq 20% thilt k l day hpc chf t i p trung vio boat ddng day eda gllo vlln; 79% phuong phip day hpe l i nhdm phuang phip thuylt trinh; 95% phuong t l l n day hpc chl l i sy lilt k l giao i n , khdng cd y dd sU pham, l^dd sddung Kit qui dilu tra, khio sit 215 GVDN cho thly: Vi^c thilt k l day hpc (soan giio in) thilu tlnb khoa hpe dya trin n^i dung day hpe rat It giio viin quan tim d i n vile xlc djnh dung myc tiiu day hpc cdng nhu phin tich day hpe (chilm 21,25%) Giio i n chi l i mdt t i l lilu lift k l lai d i n bii v i ndi dung chfnh, kim theo t i n phucmg phip gilng day m i giio vlln chpn ho|c d m thly nin chpn, khdng t b l hiln dupe boat ddng hpc v i d c tiiu chi phli dat dupc cua boat ddng hpc Sy phin bd ndi dung, thdi gian chua hpp li nhlt l i phin hudng din thye hinh; (Vidt sd giio vlln xlc djnh khdng dung myc tllu day hpe nhlm lan gida myc tllu day v i myc tllu hpe giOa myc tiiu v i ylu d u ; Chua nim vOng d c phucmg phip day hpe nin lya chpn phuang phip khdng phu hpp vdi ndi dung v i ddi tupng (chilm 27,50 %) Nhu viy, nhdng kit qui nghien cdu td thyc tlln trin diy eho thly thiet k l day hpc theo tilp ein truyin thdng da khdng cdn phd hpp vdi qui trinh dio tao nghi hiln nay, nhlt l i bdi d n h ed nhilu sy ddi mdi manh m l giio due v i dio tao Tilp ein NLTH hoat ddng su pham ndi chung, thilt k l day hpc ndi rllng l i hUdng di mang lai nhilu hilu qui Quy trinh thiet ke day hoc theo t i l p can NLTH Theo tilp ein NLTH, bii giing dio tao nghi khdng edn thuin tdy l i bai giing II thuylt hoic thyc binh m i l i bil giing tieh hpp Sy tich hpp khdng chf nim gidi ban v l ndi dung (If thuylt v i thye binh) m i d v l phuong phip v i hinh thdc td chdc day bpc Do viy, cin phii cd sy thay ddi thilt k l day hpc truyin thdng Tilp cin NLTH vio thilt k l day bpc dua mdt quy trinh ehung gdm d c bUdc co bin dupe t h i b l i n d sodd 3.1 Xie dinh tin bii hgc Tin bii hpe ed t b l Suae quy djnh cu t b l chuong trinh, hole ed t b l chf l i mdt ndi dung chuong trinh Theo tilp ein NLTH, t i n bil bpc khdng phii l i mdt minh Si chung chung dupe bit diu nhu '73m hieu " hole "Khdl qudt vi " hoic 'Nguyin ll " m i phii bit diu bing ddng td hinh ddng m i binh vl cd t b l quan sit dupc, t h i hiln t i n cdng vile dd thye tiin nghi nghiip Kit qui cudi cdng eda edng vile dd (tin bii bpc) i i mdt sin phlm, mdt bin thinh phlm, mdt djch vu hoic mdt quylt djnh Nhu viy, t i n bii hpe ed the la mdt cdng vile hoac mdt budc cdng vile thUe tiin v i nd chfnh l i myc tllu tdng quit eda bil hpc, dupe dien dat vin t i t 3.2 Xie Sinh cic diiu kien dgy hgc Cic dilu l