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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE 2012, Vol 57, No 10, pp 81 87 MOT SO BIEN PHAP PHAT HUY TINH SANG TAO CUA TRE MAU GIAO 5 6 TUOI TRONG TRO C H O I LAP GHEP XAY DI/NG T l / CAC NGUYEN VAT LIEU THIEN NHIEN VA[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE 2012, Vol 57, No 10, pp 81-87 M O T SO BIEN PHAP PHAT HUY TINH SANG TAO CUA TRE MAU GIAO - TUOI TRONG TRO C H O I LAP G H E P XAY DI/NG T l / CAC NGUYEN VAT LIEU THIEN NHIEN VA PHE LIEU Vii T h i K i e u Trang*, P h a m T h i T h u T h u y Trudng Cao dang Tuyen Quang "E-mail: baolrangvk@gmail,com Tom tat Sang lao la mot kha nang liem an ciia moi ngUdi, Do vdy co the phal hien va bdi dudng kha ndng sang tao ciia ngUdi noi chung cua tre em noi rieng thong qua cac hoal dpng phong phu va phu hdp v6i tflng lfla tudi Phal huy tinh sang lao cho tre tfl lfla tudi mSm non se cd y nghia ldn viec giao due Ire trd Ihanh ngUdi co kha nang sang lao thuc sU sau Trd chdi lap ghep xay dung - moi trucing thuan ldi de phat huy tinh sang lao cho tre NgUdc iai, tinh sang tao la dieu kien quan trpng cho trd chdi lap gbep xay dung mdt hoan thien hdn Bien pbap phat huy tinh sang tao ciia tre mau giao - tuoi trd chdi lap ghep xay dUng tfl cac nguyen vat lieu Ihien nhien va phe lieu la each thflc td chflc cu the Irong hoat dong ciing cda co va tre nham thUc hien muc dich giao due da dat trd choi De xuat cac nbdm bien phap nhU: Nbdm bien phap bd xung va cung cap nguyen vat lieu cho tre chdi, nhdm bien phap thiet ke moi trUdng chdi nham gop phan phal huy tinh sang tao cHa tre mAu giao Tif khoa: Tinh sang tac mau giao, trd cbdi, lap ghep xay dung, nguyen vat ligu thien nhien, phe lieu Md dau "Hoat ddng sdng tao cd anb hUdng to ldn khdng chl den sfl tien bd khoa bpc, ma cdn din loan xa hpi ndi chung va ddn tdc nao bill nhan dUdc nhdn each sang tao mdt cdeh tdt nhat, bill pbdt trien hp va biit tao dfldc mpt each tdt nbdt cbo hp nhflng dilu kien thudn lpi nbdt, tbi dan ldc dd se cd nhflng uu thi ldn Iao" [4;45] Do do, tinh sdng tao dUdc coi nbu mpt pham chdt quan trpng khdng the thieu dUdc cua ngUdi lao ddng mdi va pbat buy tinh sdng tao cdn phai bat dau tfl Ifla tuoi mdm non, Doi vdi tre mam non, boat dgng chu ylu md tre thflc hi6n ngdy dd la boat dpng vui chdi Chdi bdt ky trd ndo tre em cung ed the sang tao Do vdy, trd chdi cua tre mdu gido cung dfldc coi la mpt pbfldng tien giao due vd pbdt trien dc sang tao cbo tre Trd chdi lap gbep xdy dflng (LGXD) la trd cbdi cd tac dpng manb din su hinb va phdt trien kha nang sdng tao cua tre Do cbdi dfldc sfl dung trd cbdi LGXD cung cd anb bfldng ldn den viec binh y tfldng sang tao cua tre Vii Thi Kieu Trang I'h'Jm Th! Tin" Thuy Hicn (In chdi cho Ire ihi cd nhieu nhflng lai chfla co uic dung lich eflc vice phal liicii kha iifuig sang lao clia Ire Vi ngUdi Idn chii ylu cung cap ciic chdi cd sdnva il ihiiy ddi bo xung chdi mdi cho Ire Do dd nlu tan dung nhflng nguyen vat lieu thien nhicn xil pile lieu elin lie sfl dung Irong Iro chdi l.GXD mol ciich hdp Iy Ihi se lao dieu kicn phal huy linh sang liio cho Ire Tuy nhicn, mudn cho linh sang lao cua tre dflpc phal huy mpl each lich eflc hdn Iham gia Ird chdi LGXD tfl cdc nguyen vat Iicu Ihien nhien va phe lieu thi eiin thill phai cd mpl s6 bicn phdp giao due phu hpp 2, Noi dung nghien ciifu liiiiig phan nay, chung loi dc xual nipt so bicn phdp nham phat huy linh sang lao cua lie mau gido •! - ludi Irong trd chdi lap ghep xdy dflng tfl cac nguyen vdt lieu thien nhicn va phi heu 2,1, Nhom bicn phap bo xung va cung cap nguyen vat lieu cho Ire chdi Bien phap I: Giao vien thfldng xuyen lim kicm, bo sung Ihcm cdc nguyen vat lieu thien nhicn va phe Iicu cho uc chdi kcl hpp vdi cdc chdi san cd Idp * Y ngllia: Cd the tan dung cac nguyen vdt lieu tfl Ihicn nhicn hoac nhflng phi lieu de sii dung lam chdi cho ire* ben canh nhflng bp chdi co sdn Vi day la nhflng dd chdi viia dl um kiim, khong ton kem, vfla phong phu da dang ma Iai tao cho Ire nhieu cd hpi de phdt huy kha nang sang tao cua minh Tuy nhien can bo sung them va thay the dan eac chdi mdi, dc Ire dflpc lilp xuc, liim quen, kham phd, lim hicu vii tim each sfl dung cdc d6 choi dp Ddng thdi lao nen su bdt ngd cho irc moi buoi chdi * Npi dung: Giao vicn thudng xuyen tim kiim va ddn ddn bo xung them cac nguyen vdt lieu Ihien nhien va phi lieu cho tre sfl dung Irong tro chdi LGXD ben eanh nhflng dd chdi san cd Irong Idp Day la mpl cdcb giup Ini tim hie'u, khdm pha, phdt hien cdi mdi la dong Ihdi cung la lap cd hpi, dieu kien Ihuan ldi dc Ire bpc 16 va phat huy linh sdng tao cua minh tham gia Iro choi LGXD * Cdeh lien hdnh: ' Giao vicn lim va lfla chpn nhflng nguyen vat lieu thien thien va dd phi lieu tudi dep, nhp gpn va cp hinh thu ro rang Giup Ire d l dang IUdng Iflpng din nhflng hinh niong ma nd muln LGXD - Giao vicn cung phdi tim hicu trfldc va lim bleu ky vl chat lieu, hinh ddng, man sac ciia cdc nguyen vat lieu dd Irfldc mang din cho vi choi - Giao vicn phai thfl LGXD bang cdc nguyen vat lieu thien nhicn va phe lieu ma minh se cung cap cho tre va phai dam bao la khong qua kho tre chung sfl dung de chdi - Trong m6i buoi choi, co lao tinh huong de gidi thieu va cung cap mpt loai d l chdi mdi ben canh nhflng chdi ma tri vdn thfldng dung - Can trao doi, gpi y dc tre suy ngh! va tim each sfl dung cac vat lieu mdi kit hdp 82 Mdt sd hien phdp phdt huy tinh sdng igo ciia ire mdu gido vdi cdc vdt lieu da cd Khuyin khich tre bay td y kiln, dfl dinh LGXD cua minh vdi cdc loni dd chdi * Dieu kiin vdn dung: - Cac nguyen vat lieu pbdi sach dep dl sfl dung - Giao vien phdi bill sfl dung nhflng tnib huong sinh ddng, bai ngd, kich thich Iri tudng tfldng cua ire - Xay dflng be thong cau hdi hUdng tre vao nbflng dac dicm cua vai lieu va khuyin khich tre lim kiim, dua y tudng mdi la vl nhflng cdng Irinh LGXD - Giao vicn phai thUc sfl ldm buylt, nhiet tinh hfldng dan tre hoat dpng, Tre pbai thUa sU thich thu kbi dfldc sfl dung cac dd chdi lfl cac nguyen vat lieu ihicn nhien va phi Iicu dc LGXD - Mpi y kicn, du dinb irc dfla diu dUdc dpng vien, khen ngdi va khuyen khich Bien phap 2: Hfldng dan gdi y tre sUu tam cdc nguyen vdt lieu thien nhien vd dd phe lieu dc sfl dung LGXD ddng thdi khuyin kbich tre dUa cac y tfldng va phUdng dn chdi * Y nghia: Hudng dan dc irc IU lay sUu tdm nhflng nguyen vat lieu tfl thien nhicn vd phi lieu dc sfl dung vdo trd chdi LGXD Tfl viec tu tim kicm va chpn loc cac dd chdi khdc tre cd the tudng lUdng va chuan bi cho minb nhflng y tUdng ddc ddo vdi cac dd cbdi * Nf)i dung: Hudng ddn vd khuyin khich tre suu tdm cac nguyen vat lieu lfl thien nhien va dd phi Iicu de sfl dung vao trd cbdi LGXD la hinh tbflc giao due cho tre y thflc chu dpng tim kiim sUu tdm dung chdi cho minh Qua dd tre cung hinb dung va sinh nhflng y iudng LGXD dpc dao, mdi la vdi nhflng nguyen vat lieu ma minh tim dfldc * Ctich ticn bdnh: Khi tie chdi, cd gido can phal bien thai va hflng thu cua Irc vdi cac loai dd chdi ma nd hay sfl dung Tfl dd cd dinh bfldng va gdi y cho phu hdp vdi sd tbi'ch cua tflng ire vice sUu ldm cdc nguyen vat lieu khdc de lam dd dung dd chdi - Kel tbuc cdc buoi chdi, cho tre ke ve cac cdng trinb, cac san pham va cac nguyen vdi lieu tie da Ifla chpn de sfl dung - Hudng ddn, gdi y de ire vl nha tim kiim sUu lam nhflng nguyen vdt lieu gidng nhfl cd da cung cdp hoac lim nhflng nguyen vat lieu phu hdp khac de sfl dung lam chdi cbo cac budi sau - Hudng ddn tre, sau kbi dd lfla chpn can phai gifl sach, cat ky va dUa y iudng mdl la hdn vl each LGXD vdi cac vat lieu dd - Gdi y ire sfl dung cac nguyen vat lieu da lim dfldc de thfl LGXD mpl san pham nao dd * Diiu kien van dung: - Tre pbai cd von hieu bill nhat dinh va cd ky nang LGXD thanb thao vdi cdc chdi lfl nguyen vat lieu thien nhien va phe lieu 83 Vu Thi Kieu Trang, Pham Thj Thu Thuy - Phal lao cho irl sfl hflng thll say mc vdi eac chdi mdi la - Moi quan he gifla ef) giao vd lie, gifla cac lie vdi phdi mang cdi md, chdn linh edng bang, than thiijn - Co giiio phai dua nhflng linh huing kheo Ico, kich Ihich Irc lim y tudng vi, phudng dn chili vdi cac chdi nidi Hinh I Cdng Irinh xdy dttng Cdng vien cdy xanh difilc tre sil dung cdc dS chdi til nguyen lieu thien nhien vd phe lieu Bicn phap 3: Hudng ddn tre trang tri cho cac nguyen vat Iicu xiiy dung * Y nghia: Qua cae lilt hoal dpng tap hinh theo y thich hoac cac buoi chdi tfl co giao co the giao cho tre nhflng nguyen vat lieu ma co da chua'n bi dc tre tfl trang tri theo sd Ihich va tri Ifldng Iflpng cua minh Nhu vdy vfla khuyen khich tre chu dpng tira kiem hinh anh mdi cho cac vat lieu xay dUng, vfla ren luyen d tre tinh can than va ll mi * Npi dung: Co hfldng din tre each trang tri va chuan bi nhflng dfl dinh chdi vdi cae nguyen vdt lieu se dupc sfl dung Irong cdc buoi chdi sau Ddy cung Id each giup Ire Iam viec eo muc dich, cd kl hoach, ren luyen tinh can than, ti mi, ehi tilt va phat huy tri tfldng lUpng sang lao cho tre Irong Iro chdi LGXD * Cdeh tien hdnh: Cung cdp chp tre cdc nguyen vat lieu tfl thien nhicn va d6 p h i lieu npng cac tilt tao hinh thep y thich hoac cdc buoi chdi Yeu eau tre lao hinh bang each to mau, dan them giay, trang Iri them de cac nguyen vat lieu trd nhflng choi co "sflc song mdi" - Trong tre thflc hien, co cdn hoi xem nhflng d6 chdi ma no dang "sang tac" se diing de lam gi va dung nhu ihl nao tro choi LGXD - Sau CO the eho tre ghep thfl theo y tfldng nd vfla neu - Co cung CO the dua tinh huong de kich thi'ch tri tfldng tflpng cua xre * Dieu kien van ditng: - Cung cap nhilu nguyen vai lieu thiln nhien da dang, tho sd d l tre co thi lim Mdt sd hi^n phdp phdt huy linh sdng tgo dia tre mdu gido phfldng dn "tao hinb" mdi cbo chung - Cd giao phdi dfla nhflng tinh hudng kheo leo, tao cho Irc sfl bflng thu say mc, kich thicb tre tudng tUdng va tim y tfldng mdi la - Tre pbai cd ky ndng boat ddng lao huih Ibanb tbao [^-•^-w Hinh Cong trinh xdy dung Trang trgi chdn nudi dupc tre sd dung cdc dd chdi tif nguyen lieu thien nhiin vd phi lieu 2.2 Nhom bicn phap thiet ke moi trufcfng chcti Bien phap 1: Tao mdl kbdng gian cbdi thoang mdl, rdng rai, dam bdo an todn ve sinb vdi nhieu chdi tfl nguyen vat lieu thien nbien vd phe fieu * Y nghia: Thudng xuyen cai tao khdng gian chdi sach se, rpng va thoang de tre cbdi vdi nhflng chdi mdi la, phfl bdp vdi yeu cdu cua ird chdi LGXD se giup tre dfldc tiep xuc, lam quen vdi nbilu cbdi, tao cd bdi cho tre dfldc chdi, dUdc tim tdi va biln doi nhfl:ng vdt lieu cbdi tbanh chdi cbo minb va cho nhdm Ddy cung la mdi trfldng Id dieu kien thuan Ipi de tinh sdng tao ciia tre dfldc bpc Id va pbat huy, * Ndi dung: Xdy dflng kbdng gian cbdi hdp ddn, sinb ddng la qua trinb gido vien bd tri chd cbdi, dia diem cbdi, trang tri, sap xep cung cap cac dd dung, choi mdl cdcb da dang va hdp ly nbam dapflngnhu cau cua trd chdi LGXD Qua tao dilu kien, kich tbich tri tudng tudng sang tao cua tre dfldc bdc Id va pbat trien * Cdeh tiin hdnh: - Giio vien lfla chpn vi tri cbdi thudn tien, an toan - Gido vien cung cip cho tre nguyen vdt lieu cbdi, chdi, tranh anh - Hfldng ddn va khuyen khich tre tim toi, sflu tim nbflng vat HSu, chdi mdi la de trang trf cho gdc chdi cua ldp - Vdi mdi mot cbu de cbdi kbac nhau, cd gido lai cung tre trang tri, bd sung cho khdng gian chdi trd nen sinb dpng va pbu hdp bdn vdi cbu dl cbdi dd 85 Vil Thi Kicu Trang Pbam Thi Tbu Thuy "• Diiu kien van dung: - Can dau lfl \a quan ldm Ihich dang din vice xay dflng khdng gian chdi cho tre -Gido vicn lich eflc lim kicm va day ire lim kiim nhflng nguyen lieu tfl thien nhicn va lio phe Iicu dc sfl dung va tiang tri cho gdc chdi - Do dung, cbdi phai thudng xuyen thay ddi bo sung - Gido vicn can cd bicn phap, thu thudt dc to chflc, hfldng ddn irc cbdi Bicn phap 2: Tao bau khdng Ibodi nidi, sc chia than ihicn va cdi md vdi tre cdc buoi cbdi * Y nghia: Trd chdi LGXD la mpl trd chdi sang tao d d c d giao ludn phai gifl cbo khdng ldp hoc Iran dfi\ nicin \ui va ihdl sfl ihoai mdi Ibdn ihien cdi nid dc Irc manb dan, tutin chdi Trdnh tinh trang dc tre c de, sd set va lo ldng iham gia trd cbdi * Nt}i dung Gido vicn mam non ludn ludn cd y thflc lao nen mpl bau khdng kbi thoai mai, vui tUdi, ludn ddng vicn khuyen kbich tie cac buni chdi LGXD Qua dd giup cho ire ludn tfl lin, vui \ c hon nhicn va manh dan Dd cflng sc la nhflng dicu kicn quan trpng de tic cd the bdc Id va phal huy linh sang tao cfla niinh * Cdeh nen bdnh: - Giao vien can nbiei linh vd vui vc lo chflc buoi chdi - Khuyen khich dpng \icn tre dfla racac dfl dinb va \ tudng cua minb tbdng qua cac tinh huong, - Kbi irc thuc bicn nbiem vu LGXD gido vicn cung kbdng nen yeu cau cao hoac giao nhicm vu ddi hdi sfl mao hiem - Cd gido cd the giao cbo ire nhflng nhiem vu ddi hdi tre pbdi iicb cue suy nghi va lim tdi, - Ket ibflc budi cbdi, nen cd nbflng ddnb gia cdng bang, kbdcb quan vdi cdc san pbam LGXD cua ire * Diiu kien van dung: - Cd gido mdm non phdi tbflc sfl yeu ngbe, men tre coi tre nbu em cua minh - Cd giao pbdi cd Idng nhiet linh linh Iban trdch nhicm vd cd kha nang giao liep flng xfl vdi tre nhanb nbay linb boat - Tre pbai khoe manh, nhanh nhen, ngoan ngoan va yeu quy cd gido Ket luan Trd cbdi LGXD va U'nh sang tao ciia tre mau giao cd mdi quan be mat thilt vdi nbau Tro chdi LGXD la mdi trfldng thuan Idi dc tinh sang tao cua Ire dfldc bpc Ip va phal trien Khi tham gia vao trd chdi tre dfldc tfl tbc hicn y tfldng, thoa sflc tfldng tfldng va hanb dpng tbeo iri tfldng tfldng cua minh Ngflpc lai, ti'nh sang tao cung la dieu kicn quan trpng cho trd chdi LGXD mot hoan thien hdn Khi tham gia trd chdi tre Iinh hoal 86 Mdl so hien phtip phiil huy tinh sdng igo ciia lie mdu gidt) va sang lao vice lfla chpn cac nguyen vat iicu nhfl dung cdc phi thai hay cdc vdi lieu tfl ibicn nhien hoac cung cd the sfl dung nipt each Iinh hoal vd bdp ly cdc vat Iicu xay dflng sdn cd dc LGXD Qua dd sc giup cho cdc ky ndng LGXD cang tbao va hoan thien bdn Bicn phdp pbdt huy linh sdng lao cho tre mau giao cd mdi quan he gan bd vdi vice td chflc trd chdi LGXD, nd la phfldng lien de dai dfldc muc dich gido due ddt irong trd chdi LGXD To chflc va hudng ddn trd chdi LGXD thdng qua cdc bicn phap gido due phii hdp cung vdi cdc nguyen vdi lieu lfl Ihien nhicn va phe Iicu da dang sc cd idc ddng tich cue den sfl pbdt trien tinb sang lao cua Ire Cdc bien pbdp tren cd moi quan he gan bd vdi qua trinh to chflc trd cbdi LGXD Khi bfldng ddn ire cbdi, giao vien cd the sfl dung dong bd va linh boat tfl khdu chuan bi cho irc cbdi, to chflc tbflc bicn cdc boat ddng cua co vd irc chdi, ddng vien khuyen khich, kicni tra danh gia kcl qua chdi, Trong qud Irinh Ihuc hicn luon dam bdo vai ird chu ibc cfla tic cd gido la ngUdi to chflc tao dilu kicn, bfldng dan tre chdi TAI LIEL) THAM KHAO [II Nguyen 'I'hj Ngpc Chuc 1981, HUt'fng ddn if) chde Imgi ddng via chtfi (mdu gido) Nxb Giao due Ha Npi [2] Lc Tbu Hfldng (Cbfl bien), 2007, Hudng ddn tc')'chde ihUc hien ede hogt ddng gido due trtmg trudng mdm non theo elm di (ire - tudi) Nxb Gido due, Ha Npi [3] Le Tbanb Thuy, 1995 Trd ehtfi ddi vdi sU pbdt trien in gide tuifng tUpng sdng tgo irtmg tgo hinh eua tie mcfu gido Ky ylu hdi tbao khoa bpc: 10 nam xdy dung va phal trien Kboa Gido due Mam non, Trfldng Dai hpc Sfl Pham Hd Ndi [41 Chu Quang Tiem, 1991 Tdm ly hge vdn ngbe Nxb Thanh pbd Ho Chi Minh [5] Vu giao due mdm non, 2003 Dudnphdi triin trelluf.'Vh lieu hudng ddn lam dd cbdi tfl nguyen vat lieu d dia pbfldng (lflu hanh ndi bd) ABSTRACT Ways to promote creativity among 5-6-year old children using natural raw materials and waste products Every human being has the potential to be creative This can be detected and fostered in children by making use ofdiver.se activities that are appropriate for each age group Promoting creativity among preschool children would increase tbe likelihood that these children could become capable of true innovation later Games can be created which would establish an environment conducive to promoting creativity in children In contrast, creativity is an imporiant condition for docking games built on a more complete By using namral materials and waste products to built games, and year old children can learn how to work together at a young age and benefit from the educational purpose presented in the game 87 ... Minh [5] Vu giao due mdm non, 2003 Dudnphdi triin trelluf.''Vh lieu hudng ddn lam dd cbdi tfl nguyen vat lieu d dia pbfldng (lflu hanh ndi bd) ABSTRACT Ways to promote creativity among 5- 6- year... phe lieu thi eiin thill phai cd mpl s6 bicn phdp giao due phu hpp 2, Noi dung nghien ciifu liiiiig phan nay, chung loi dc xual nipt so bicn phdp nham phat huy linh sang lao cua lie mau gido •!... hpi de phdt huy kha nang sang tao cua minh Tuy nhien can bo sung them va thay the dan eac chdi mdi, dc Ire dflpc lilp xuc, liim quen, kham phd, lim hicu vii tim each sfl dung cdc d6 choi dp Ddng