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TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Biii Thi Xuan Lua \Moy s o BIEN PHAP PHAT TRIEN Kl NANG HOfP TAC CHO TRE MAU GIAO 5 6 TUOl TRONG TRO CHOI DONG VAI THEO CHU DE BUI THj XUAN LUA" TOM TAT Kit qud ihuc nghiem[.]
TAP CHi KHOA HOC O H S P TPHCM Biii Thi Xuan Lua \Moy s o BIEN PHAP PHAT TRIEN Kl NANG HOfP TAC CHO TRE MAU GIAO 5-6 TUOl TRONG TRO CHOI DONG VAI THEO CHU DE BUI THj XUAN LUA" T O M TAT Kit qud ihuc nghiem (TN) duac trinh bdy irong bdi viit cho thdy mirc biiu hien kf ndng hap tdc ciia tre tren nhdm TN cao hon hdn so v&i nhom ddi chung (DC) Cu thi, ti li tre CO bieu hiin kT ndng hop tdc a lieu chi dat mite cao tdng ddng ki Diiu ndy chirng to cdc bien phdp dp dung qud trinh TN da cd tdc dung tich cue ddi v&i viic phdt triin kT ndng hap tdc cho tre mdu gido (MG) 5-6 tudi trd choi ddng vai theo chu de (DVTCD) Tu khda: bien phap, phat trien kX nang hpp tac, tre m i u giao 5-6 tudi, trd choi ddng vai theo chii de ABSTRACT Some measures to develop collaboration skill for 5- and 6-year-old kindergarteners in therole-playing game The experimental result shows that the expressional level of collaboration skill of the experimental group is significantly higher than the control group Specifically, the percentage of children withhigh demonstration of collaboration skill in six criteria has risen remarkably This proves that the measures' applied in the experimental process has had a positive effect on the development of collaboration skill for 5- and 6-year-old kindergarteners in iherole-playing game Keywords: measures, developing collaboration skill, 5- and 6-year-old kindergarteners, the roIe-pIay game \ Dat van de Hoat ddng vui chai la boat ddng chu dao d tre MG, dd trd choi DVTCD la trung tam Qua trd choi, tre tien tm viet nhat qua trinh ngudi cua tre MG Nhu cau hgp tac ciia tre M G vdi mgi ngudi xung quanh phat trien rat bat d i u hieu dugc nhCrng mdi quan he qua lai vdi xa hgi (me - con, manh me, d liia tudi tre phai biet hgp tac lam viec va choi vdi nhau, tre can bac sT - benh nhan ), nhung tri thiic, phai sdng hda thuan, thdng cam va giiip kinh nghiem ciia xa hgi loai ngudi Qua trd choi, tre hgc each chia se, hpp tac cung Cd the ndi trd choi la phuong nhflng tre khac nhdm Chinh nhd su hgp tac cua tre thdng qua cac boat ddng d trudng mam non, ma dac biet la * ThS, Tru'dng Dgi hoc S^i G6n; Email: thongreoxl@yahoo.com 185 TLP lieu tham khao thdng qua choi, da giiip tre cd co hdi dupc gin giii ban be, chia se kinh nghiem, cimg thda thuan, dam phan, thiit lap mdi quan he vdi ban ciing choi mdt each chan thuc va ro net nhat Nhu vay cd thi khing dinh rang: Phat trien kT nang hgp tac cho ngudi la can thiet va phai bit dau tir lua tudi MG, dac biet la tre MG 5-6 tudi, day chinh la thdi diem giao dye thuan Igi va cd hieu qua TCr dd, cd the thay viec de xuat va thir nghiem mdt sd bien phap phat trien kT nang hgp tac cho tre mau giao 5-6 tudi trd choi ddng vai theo chu de la mdt van de can dugc nghien cuu va ung dung Giai quyet van de Bien phap phat trien kT nang hgp tac cho tre MG 5-6 tudi trd choi DVTCD dugc xem la each thiic td chitc cy the boat ddng choi ciing ciia cd va tre nham thuc hien muc tieu giao due da dat trd choi 2.1 Ca sd de xudt cdc bien phdp phdt trien ki ndng hap tdc cda tre MG 5-6 tudi tro choi DVTCD Viec de xuat cac bien phap dya tren CO sd li Iuan ve kT nang hgp tac, trd choi DVTCD; thyc trang nhan thiic ve kT nang hop tac Clia giao vien (GV), thuc trang sii dyng bien phap phat trien kT nang hgp tac cho tre MG 5-6 tudi trd choi DVTCD, thyc trang mirc dp bieu hien kT nang hgp tac cua tre MG 5-6 tudi 2.2 De xudt mot so bien phdp phdt trien kt ndng hap tdc cua tre MG 5-6 tudi tro choi dong vai theo chu de • Bien phdp Xdy dung mdi truong 186 S6 6(72) ndm 2015 thdn thien l&p giira GV v&i tre vd cdc tre v&i u Muc tieu vdy nghia Sy than thien, cdi md giira GV vdi tre va giu'a cac tre vdi choi la khau then chdt de phat trien kt nang hop tac d tre MG Day la mdt nhung bien phap don gian nhung mang Iai hieu qua cao qua trinh giiip tre phat trien kT nang hgp tac b Noi dung Trong qua trinh td chiic hoat dgng vui choi cho tre, GV mam non da lam cho tre cam nhan dugc minh la ngudi dac biet va quan trgng ddi vdi cac ban choi theo y tudng ciia cd td chiic tro choi DVTCD, tdn trgng va tao diSu kien thuan lgi nhit de tre bay td y kiin ciia ca nhan, tao cam giac an toan, khdng vui ve, thoai mai ldp hpc Dd la co hgi tdt phat huy tinh tich cyc boat ddng va kich thich kT nang hgp tac cho tre MG 56 tudi trd choi DVTCD c Cdch tien hdnh GV ludn cd nhflng cu chi nhe nhang, gan giii vdi tre, anh mat, dieu bd can diu dang, au yem, ldi ndi nhd nhe, thien cam de tao cho tre cam giac thoai mai, tu tin, an toan tuyet ddi, tir dd giup tre the hien het ban than, bay td suy nghT Clia minh vdi ban, vdi cd, manh dan choi va thyc hien cdng viec chung Cuthi: GV kheo leo lya chpn nhung bai tha, cau chuyen, bai hat phii hgp vdi chil de ma tre dang choi, din dit tre di den nhiem vy cua budi choi mgt each tu nhien de tre khdng cam thay bi gd bd, ap TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM dat Khi dat cac cau hdi hoac ggi y cho tre tra ldi, GV can chii y tao cho tre niem tm va mong mudn dugc tham gia cimg cac ban, cho tre ca hdi dugc khang dinh minh, dugc trao ddi ban bac vdi nhau, biet lang nghe ban ndi Va hon tit ca, cd phai gan gui nhu ngudi ban than cua tre de tre cd the chia se va tin tudng GV phai ludn lam chii thai dp, tinh cam, hanh vi ciia minh mgi tinh hudng chai ciia tre Khi thiy fre cd nhung bieu hien xung dot nhu quat mang ban, la bet GV can nhe nhang, binh tTnh nhic nhd de tre dieu chinh hanh vi ciia minh cho phil hgp, tranh cac hanh ddng tieu cyc Clia GV vdi tre nhu: cau git, quat mang tre dieu anh hudng din kit qua choi ndi chung va phat trien kT nang hpp tac cho tre MG 5-6 tudi frong trd choi DVTCD ndi rieng GV ludn cd sy danh gia cdng bang va khach quan ddi vdi ket qua boat ddng cua nhdm chai GV ludn danh cho fre nhimg ldi khen, ldi ddng vien diing liic va kip thdi • Bien phdp Giup tre biet thoa thudn, thuong luang chai trd chai DVTCD u Muc tieu vdy nghia Trong choi, khdng the tranh khdi giua cac tre xay xung dot, vudng mac Kit qua cua nhimg vudng mac dd cd thi din den mat vui, dd vd tinh ban, qua frinh choi bj bd giiia chimg Nhu vay, tinh doan ket, gan bd ciia tre se bi mit di, nhung cdng viec ddi hdi sy hgp tac se khd thyc hien dugc Tuy nhien Bill Thi Xuan Lua xung dot cd the se la ddng luc cua sy phat frien, tang them sy hieu biet, su doan ket va giiip cho mdi quan he d fre trd len tdt dep hon niu GV biit each hudng dan, chi bao cho tre mdt each khoa hpc va hop Ii Vi vay, viec giiip tre biet thda thuan, thuang lugng chai trd choi DVTCD la mdt frong nhiing bien phap can thiit b Ngi dung Sau da tich liiy kinh nghiem, kien thiic, Iam giau bieu tugng cho fre vdi muc dich tien hanh trd choi mdi va md rpng, phat frien ndi dung cua nhung frd choi ma fre da choi, GV td chiic budi choi cho tre Viec td chiic hudng dan choi de giiip tre biet thda thuan, thuong lugng choi phai dugc tien hanh theo trinh tu: + Thdng bao cho tre biet da den gid choi Thdng bao cho tre thdi gian ma tre cd the dugc choi: tre dugc chai vdng bao lau? (I gid hay 30-40 phiit ) Day la viec lam can thiet vi viec thdng bao cho tre thdi gian dugc phep choi giiip cho tre hpc dupc each: Lua chgn nhGng trd choi, ngi dung choi phii hop vdi thdi gian choi, tir len ke hoach, thda thuan ndi dung choi, thuong lugng va thyc hien frpn ven, khdng dd dang + Dinh hudng, ggi y cho tre nhiing trd choi ma fre se choi + Hudng cho fre choi d nhung nhdm chai da quen ve chd choi ciia minh rdi ciing thda thuan: vai chai, ndi dung choi, dd choi, vat lieu choi, dia diem chai + Cung fre d nhdm chai trd choi 187 Tu' lieu tham khao mdi (hoac trd choi can phat frien them ndi dung choi) thda thuan, thuong lupng choi Trong dieu khien nhdm choi mdi tu thda thuan, thuong lugng, GV vin phai quan sat cac nhdm khac de phat hien nhiing tinh hudng xay va tac dgng can c Cdch tiin hdnh Sau dn djnh tre, GV ling nghe y kien cua tre dac biet la cac y tudng chai, kinh nghiem choi cua tre de hd trg fre tao dieu kien td chiic cho fre choi dat hieu qua Khi td chuc trd chai DVTCD, GV can kheo leo ggi y de fre ty thda thuan, thuong lugng vdi de ggi ten trd chai, gdc choi va phan vai choi Can tdn trpng y tudng choi cua tre, vdi nhung sang kien khdng phu hgp vdi chil de, GV can linh boat dua nhieu hudng giai quyet de ggi y cho fre GV cd the chai cimg tre thuc su can - ddng mdt vai trd choi, thdng qua dd hudng dan tre choi Trong qua trinh tien hanh frd choi DVTCD, ddi hdi GV phai hit siic linh boat, nhanh nhen, biet each hda nhap vao frd choi ciia tre va dam bao cho trd choi van dugc dien hap din, ldi cudn fre Dac biet, phai cho tre Iam chu qua trinh choi ciia minh • Biin phdp Tgo tinh huong chai mang tinh hap tdc vd irng xir theo hu&ng hap tdc a Muc tieu vdy nghia Cac tinh hudng choi thudng cd sure hap dan ldn ddi vdi fre bdi tinh cd van de 18 Sd 6(72) nam 2015 dieu se tao cho tre su hiing thii va tri hiing thii frong sudt qua trinh choi, kich thich fri td md ham hieu biet va su khao khat mong mudn dupc lam nhijng viec cd y nghia nhu: quan tam, chia se, giup dd, nhudng nhin giiia cac vien nhdm ldp cung nhu vdi mpi ngudi xung quanh, tir dd phatfrienkT nang hgp tac cho tre b Npi dung Trong qua trinh tre tham gia tro choi DVTCD GV tao tinh hudng choi hip din mang tinh neu van de, ldi cudn thu hiit fre vao cac tinh hudng Ngoai ra, GV can khoi ggi d tre ldng khao khat, mong mudn dugc lam viec cimg nhau, cimg dam phan, thda hiep, chia se frao ddi kinh nghiem de ciing thyc hien cdng viec chung Cac tinh hudng dugc sinh tir cac mdi quan he dien frong qua trinh td chiic trd chai nham kich thich va phat trien d tre tich cue hpp tac giira cac vai choi vdi c Cdch tiin hdnh GV theo ddi, quan sat d timg nhdm choi de kip thdi phat hien nhiing tinh hudng sinh choi, kich thich va yeu cau fre giai quyet tinh budng Qua dd GV chli dgng tao cac tinh hudng choi cho fre theo dien bien cua cudc chai Cac tinh hudng dupc dua vao qua trinh choi phai kheo leo nham mo rdng ngi dung choi, vai choi, hoan canh choi, tao dieu kien de tre lien ket cac nhdm choi vdi de tre phan anh cac mdi quan he phiic tap cua cudc sdng ngudi, ddng thdi tre se cd co hdi dugc the hien minh va biet each img xii hgp tac TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM vdi ban Khi tao tinh hudng choi, GV khdng nen dua each giai quyet cu the ma tao dieu kien cho tre tu tim kiim each giai quyet theo kha nang va kinh nghiem cua ire GV can kip thdi ddng vien, khich Ie nhimg tre cd bieu hien hop tac tham gia giai quyet tinh hudng cd van de dudi nhieu hinh thirc nhu neu gucmg di cac tre khac hpc tap va noi theo 2.3 Thirc nghiem mpt so biin phdp phdt triin ki ndng hap tdc cho tre 5-6 tudi tro chai DVTCD 3.1 Khdi qudt ve to chirc TN Vi muc dich, TN nham kiem chiing hieu qua thuc te ciia cac bien phap dugc de xuat de phat trien kT nang hpp tac cho tre MG 5-6 tudi trd choi DVTCD Qua dd, danh gia tinh kha thi, dirng dan cua cac gia thuyet khoa hgc da de Vi khdch the, TN tien hanh tren 60 fre tgi Trudng Mam non 12 d ldp La Trong dd, idp La A (30 tre): ldp DC va ldp La B (30 tre): ldp TN Vi npi dung, TN dugc phdi hgp ddng bg cac bien phap da xay dung theo frinh tu da trinh bay d tren Ap dyng cac bien phap da neu thdng qua cac chu de Biii Thi Xu&n Lua choi: "Ban hang", "Gia dinh", "Trudng tieu hgc" Trong mdi budi td chiic frd chai DVTCD cho fre, chiing tdi tien hanh phdi hgp mdt each linh boat cac bien phap di xuat frong cac budi choi ciia frd chai DVTCD dudi su hudng dan fruc tiep cua GV mam non Vi thai gian vd dieu kien, TN dupc tien hanh tuan Vdi 16 tiet day, mdi tuan tiet (tir thang den thang nam 2013) TN dupc tien hanh dieu kien binh thudng nhu cac budi len ldp ciia tre, trinh dp GV deu tdt nghiep cao dang su pham mam non, tham nien cdng tac tir 5-10 nam Su khdc biit giira nhom DC vd nhom TN la: + Nhdm DC: GV ty soan giao an, tu chuan bi dimg day hgp va td chiic hoat dpng vdi hinh thiic, phuong phap, bien phap khdng cd gi thay ddi + Nhdm TN: Tap huan cho GV ve muc dich, ndi dung each td chuc TN theo hudng nghien ciiu de Tien hanh lap ke hoach TN Trao ddi, thao luan VOT GV de thdng nhit each tien hanh Cimg GV chuan bi cac dieu kien, phuang tien can thiet 2.3.2 Kit qud nghien curu thuc nghiem 2.3.2.1 So sdnh mirc dp kT ndng hop tdc cua nhom DC vd nhom TN tru&c TN Bdng Mirc dp kf ndng hap tdc ciia tre (tinh theo tiiu chi - ten tieu chi & trang sau) Lop Thuc nghiem DSi chimg Mean N Mean N TCI 0,83 30 0,76 30 TC2 1,70 30 1,80 30 TC3 2,60 30 2,53 30 TC4 0,93 30 0,93 30 TCS 0,93 30 0,78 30 TC6 0,80 30 0,72 30 Tu- lieu tham khao S6 6(72) nam 2015 Miic dp bieu hien kT nang hgp tac cua fre d hai nhdm DC va TN trudc chiu tac ddng TN la tucmg duong Diiu dugc the hien d tdng diem lan cac tieu chi danh gia ki nang hgp tac ciia tre Q tat ca cac tieu chi su chenh lech giiia nhdm DC va nhdm TN la khdng dang ke De khang dinh su tuong ddng nay, chiing tdi da su dung kiim nghiem t de kiem dinh thi sig cua cac tieu chi va tdng diem deu ldn hon a = 0,05 rat nhieu, chiing td nhdm DC va nhdm TN khdng cd sy khac biet y nghTa ve mat thdng ke Nhin chung, viec chgn nhdm DC va TN cho thay hai nhdm tuong duong ve kl nang hgp tac va ket qua nghiem cihi sau TN se dang tin cay va thuyet phuc 2.3.2.2 Kit qud nghien cuu sau TN a So sanh miic dp bieu hien kT nang hgp tac cua nhdm DC va nhdm TN sau TTsI Vdi chil di: "Trudng tieu hpc", xet cac tieu chi d ca hai nhdm, tieu chi "tich cyc chap nhan sy phan cdng nhiem vu ciia nhdm choi'" cd diem frung binh cao nhit, nhdm DC la 1.73 nhdm TN la 1,96 diem, tiep den la ba tieu chi cd diem trung binh ngang vdi diem nhdm DC la 1,26 va nhdm TN la 1,53, dd la cac tieu chi "thda thuan cimg ve cdng viec dugc giao" va tieu chi "chia se y tudng, kinh nghiem vdi cac ban ciing choi" va tieu chi "thiet lap mdi quan he vdi cac ban cimg choi, vai choi, nhom choi", sau la tieu chi ''Phdi hpp hanh ddng chai vdi cac ban de thyc hien cac fro choi" va cudi ciing la tieu chi "Cd kha nang giai quyet xung dot choi de cilng thuc hien cdng viec chung" Qua cho thay fre d ca hai nhdm cd uu the hgp tac d khia canh tich cyc chap nhan sir phan cdng nhiem vu ciia nhdm choi Biiu Diim trung binh cdc tiiu chi nhdm DCvd TN a chudi "Truang tieu hoc" 1.4 - - — 1.2 1+ - ih - " 0.8 ^ - • L*Sp t b y c Qgliif in f~ •" ~ '^ "^ ^1\ TC TC TC T C T C T C BLdpadlcbihig TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Biii Thi Xudn Lua Sang den chii di: "Gia dinh", ca nhdm DC va nhdm TN cd nhung budc tien bd hon so vdi trd choi "Trudng tieu hoc" va dugc the hien d diem trung binh tdng diem, nhdm DC dat 7,58, nhdm TN dat 9,02 tieu chi "Cd kha nang giai quyet xung dot choi de cimg thuc hien cdng viec chung" sd tre dat mirc cao d nhdm TN gap 3,25 lan nhdm DC Cdn d mdt sd tieu chi khac nhu: Thda thuan cimg ve cdng viec dugc giao; Phdi hgp hanh ddng choi vdi cac ban de thuc hien cac trd choi; Thiet lap mdi quan he vdi cac ban ciing -choi, vai chai, nhdm choi, thi nhdm TN cd sd tre d muc cao gap ddi va hem gap ddi nhdm DC Biiu Diim trung binh cdc lieu chi nhom DC vd TN a chii di "Gia dinh " T C I TC2 TCS TC4 TC5 TC6 Qua den chii de: "Ban hang", cac tieu chi fre dat miic cao d nhdm TN gap tir 2,4 den 3,2 lan nhdm DC d day, ca hai nhdm fre TN va DC diem trung binh ciia tieu chi "Cd kha nang giai quyet xung dot choi de ciing thyc hien cdng viec chung" ludn dan dau Tuy nhien, cd su chenh lech gitia diem trung binh tieu chi d hai nhdm Trong chii de "Trudng tieu hpc", "Gia dinh", "Ban hang" tre d nhdm TN hon nhdm DC lin lugt la: 0,27; 0,23; 0,27 diem, su chenh lech dupc kiem nghiem cd y nghia vi mat thdng ke (sig = 0,024; sig -0,032; sig = 0,032 < 0,05) Biiu dd Diim trung binh cdc tieu chi nhdm DC vd TN a chu de "Bdn hdng " L I It J J ! H f Ml ' - • , ' ' TC TC TC TC TC5 TC6 • L o p rhyv nghif tn QLop ddi chung Tu" lieu tham khao Nhu vay, sau hai thang TN ke tir lin dau tien, miic dp kT nang hgp tac ciia nhdm TN cao hon kha ro ret so vdi nhdm DC cung thdi diem sau TN Khac biet cd y nghTa thdng ke (sig = 0.00