NGHIEN CUU Q NHUfNG DAC DIEM PHAT TRIEN VAN DONG • » CUA TRE MAU GIAO 5 TUOI 1 Olt van de Phit tr i ln t h i chat, trude h i t la phit t r i ln van dpng ddi vdi trd nhd d l t eP sd cho su phit t r i l[.]
NGHIEN CUU Q NHUfNG DAC DIEM PHAT TRIEN VAN DONG CUA TRE MAU GIAO TUOI -•» TS PHAN TH! NGOC ANH - ThS NGUYEN SINH THAO Trung tim Nghien ciilu Giao due Mim non O l t van de Phit triln t h i chat, trude h i t la phit triln van dpng ddi vdi trd nhd d l t eP sd cho su phit triln CO t i l l sudt cude ddi sau eOa trd, gidp trd phat triln toan didn, ddng thdi Inh hudng true tiep den Slf phit triln t i m If v l nhin d c h ciia trd Phit triln t h i chit II mpt mat quan trpng sif phit triln nhin eleh, II q u i trinh hinh thinh, thay ddi v l hinh t h l i (bilu hidn bing d c cH sd: chilu cao, ein nang, vdng dau, vdng tay,,,) v l chde ning sinh hpe (nhu Slf biln ddi v l chat lUpng, t h i hidn qua ele y l u td t h i life: nhanh, manh, khdo, bin,,.) ciia co t h i trd em dudi Inh hddng ciia d i l u kidn sdng (4) d Ida tudi m i m non, q u i trinh t i n g trudng diln rat nhanh, nhanh nhat eude ddi eon ngUdLTuy nhidn, co t h i ciia trd lai non ndt, d l chju Inh hudng ciia nhdng tic ddng bdn ngoii, trd de bj mic d e bdnh nguy hilm Do dd, nlu chiing ta nam dupe die dilm phat triln t h i chat cua trd ddng thdi cd hilu bilt v l chu ^ dly dd v l dung mifc d i n vide chim sdc - gid gin sdc khod eho trd, kit hpp hudng d i n trd t i p luydn dung eleh, thi se phit triln tdt ele sdc manh vin dpng, sif khdo Ido, thing bing eiia chin, tay, v l t o i n bp CP t h i ndi ehung, Trong b l i v i l t niy, ehung tdi xin trinh biy mpt sd kit q u i khio sit ve die diem phit trien v i n ddng cua trd mau gilo (MG) tudi d giai doan hidn Die d i l m p h i t triln v i n ddng la mdt thinh td cua npi dung die d i l m phit triln t h i chit ndi ridng, nhin d e h cua trd ndi chung, O l tim hilu die d i l m p h i t triln v i n dpng eda trd tudi, ehung tdi da ein cd theo tidu chf die d i l m phit triln v i n ddng, gdm d e y l u td nhanh, manh, bin, khdo, thing bing v l phdi hpp (ddi vdi van ddng thd); sU phdi hpp van dpng tay-mit va edddng, van ddng ddi tay linh hoat, khdo Ido (ddi vdi van ddng tinh).Trln cd sd tidu chf, xiy dung bp edng cu gdm mpt sd b l i t i p do, Phan tieh k i t q u i trd thife hidn b l i tap, kit hpp vdi quan sit q u i trinh trd giai quylt nhidm vu, rut nhdng nhan xdt v l die dilm phat triln v i n ddng cua trd, Ket q u i khio sat Odi tupng khio sit II trd MG tudi, tdng sd 448 trt, thudc ttnh: HI Ndi, Thli Nguydn, Nghd An v l Long An, d 13 trUdng m i m non, Cu t h i nhu sau: Ha Ndi cd 148 trd (33,04 %),Thli Nguyen ed 100 trd (2232 %), Nghd An ed 100 trd (22,32 %) v l Long An cd 100 tre (22,32 %) Moi tinh/thlnh phd d i u ed ele trudng la dai didn khu vife phd, ndng thdn va ndng thdn khd khin Do vay, theo khu vuc:Thanh phd cd 160 trd (37,71%), ndng thdn cd 188 trd (44,20%), ndng thdn khd khin cd 90 trd (20,09%), theo gidi: Trd trai: 229 (51,12%) va trd gai: 219 (48,88%), Nhdng trd tham gia khio sit la nhdng trd sinh khoing thdi gian td thing den thing 11/2005, Ttnh d i n thdi d i l m khio sit d e chau dat td trdn 55 thing d i n 60 thing tudi; d c em dupe ehpn theo nguyen tic la sd Id d Idp; trd dUpc ehpn d Idp niy ehda dO thi ehuyin sang Idp khic CIc bai tap vdi ele muc dich nhu sau: Bai tap (ma 2,4): Bat xa tdi thilu 50 cm Mue dfch: Oinh gia ning phdi hpp toan thin, thing bang co t h i v l van ddng sde manh ddi chin Bli t i p (ml 2.5): Nhly Id ed (tdi thilu 5m) Mue dfch: Dinh g i l ning phdi hpp toin thin, thing bing eo the, sdc manh co b i p ddi chin v l dp ddo dai, ben bl Bli tap (ma 2.31: Thdc hien tung-bat bdng d khoing eleh 4m, Muc dfch: Danh gil ning phdi hpp kheo Ido, dieu khien van ddng nhanh nhen, linh hoat, phdi hpp thing bing co t h i Oly la bai tap phin anh tdng hpp nhieu ydu eau ddi vdi trd Ba bli tap ndu tren da phin anh duoc d c tieu cht cua van dpng thd ddi vdi tre mau gilo tudi Bli t i p (ml 2.6): Cat hinh ngdi n h i (thdc hidn phdt) Muc dfch: Oinh g i l ki nang van dpng tinh: Slf khdo ldo eiia ddi b i n tay v l phdi hpp van ddng tay-mat Dly la bai tap phin anh die diem van dpng tinh ddi vdi tre Dinh g i l : CIn bd nghien cdu trde tiep tien hanh, quan sat, ghi chdp, cho dilm - nhan xet lan lupt tdng trd, cd sd phdi hpp vdi gilo vidn day trd Moi bai tap dupe danh g i l theo mde dp: diem (tdt) - tUong duong vdi die d i l m t h i hidn kha hoin thidn, dilm (kha) tuong duong vdi die diem hoan thidn kem hon, d i l m (trung binh) tuong duong vdi die dilmlsilu hidn d mdc dp binh S(i78-THANG3/2012«1I 103 NGHllN CUU thddng; dudi d i l m (kdm) d i l m tdPng duong vdi die d i l m bieu hidn khdng dupc rd rang, Bilu hidn v l die d i l m phit triln trd dupc xd If theo phan mem SPSS: tinh theo gia tri trung binh, dp Ideh chuan, sd lupng va phin trim Kit q u i trd thife hidn d c b l i tap van dpng thd v l tinh t h i hidn bing va bilu dudi day (theo tinh/thanh phd, theo khu vifc va theo gidi): Vdi bai tdp (ma 2.4): Sd trd thife hidn bat c l chin qua vach mdt d c h d l ding, vdng chle vdi khoing eleh ydu cau tdSO em, nhilu trd nhly dupc 70 cm Khi chin xudng mat dlt, trd t i l p xuc nhe nhing v l gid dupe thing bing, nhieu em d l dat Nlu xep theotfn/):Trd d Thli Nguydn x i p vj tri thd nhat, sau dd den Nghd An, t i l p theo la HI Ndi, va cudi cung la Long An (do thj la) Nlu x i p theo khu vdc Trd d khu vifc phd vi trf thd nhlt, tilp theo la khu vue ndng thdn viing khd va x i p thd la khu vifc ndng thdn (dd thi b), Nlu x i p theo gidi: trd trai dat k i t q u i eao hon trd gai (do thj 1e), nhidn mdc dp ehdnh Ideh khdng nhilu (2,88 so vdi 2.85) Vdi bai tap (ma 2.5): Sd trd nhly Id cd thao c l chin, va h i t doan dUdng dai m mpt d c h de dang, khdng phli ddi chin: 66,52% dat d i l m tdt, 15,62% dat d i l m k h i va mpt sd It Bdng 1: Kit qud tri thUc hien cacbai tap van dgng tho vd tinh TT Bii t i p Hi Noi (1) Gidl KHU VI/C TINH Ma Bii tap Thai Nguyin (2) Nghi An (3) Long An (4) Thinh phfi (5) Nong thon (6) Nong thon vCing kho (7) Trai (8) Gai (9) CHUNG (10) 2.4 Batxa 2,85 2,94 2,90 2,78 2,94 2,81 2,86 2,88 2,85 2.86 2.5 Nhiy 16 c6 2,52 2,57 2,63 2,13 2,46 2,46 2,50 2,50 2,42 2.46 2,3 Tung bit bong 1,71 1,75 1,68 1,44 1,82 1.56 1,56 1,94 1,35 1.65 2,6 Cit hinh ngoi nha 2,21 2,04 2,01 2,09 2,27 1.98 2,16 2,00 2,30 2.15 Bieu 1: Ket qiia tr^ thi/c hien cdc bai tap van dpng tho vd tinh QThanh i i;; SN&it •^" Dion 5|tu NhayUcd Tungbit la Theo trudng C^thinhn|6i B^txa Nhayioco Tun|b^ cithinh bone nsDlnha lb Theo khu vuc dugc ydu cau trpng life co the roi v i o phfa tn/dc cda b i n chin (90,36 % trd dat d i l m tdi da dilm, 4.91% trd dat diem 2) Mpt sd ft trd nhly bat qua vach, nhung chin chua that d i u , mpt chin trudc, mdt chin sau (3.57%) B i l m tmng binh (DTB): 2.83/3, nghia la trd t h i hidn k h i thao v i n ddng nhly - phdi hpp thing bing (Bing cot 10, ddng 1) l2>KH(MH9CGUODyC ll IH' m •Ndfli thon vun{ - kho Bitxa Nhavli Tungb^ cithinh cb bong ngoi nhi Ic Theo gidi nhly bi chdng chin: (15.4 % d i l m trung binh) Oiem trung binh (0TB): 2,46/3, d i l u t h i hidn sdc b i n , sdc manh v l sde ddo dai eua trd nhin chung kha tdt, d c thao t i e van dpng chay nhly k h i thao (Bing cot 10, ddng 2) Nlu xep theo tinh: Trd d Nghd An x i p vj trf cao thd nhat, sau d i n Thli Nguydn, t i l p theo I I HI Ndi, v l cudi cdng II Long An (dd thj la) Nlu x i p NGHIEN theo khu vUc Trd d khu vUc ndng thdn vung khd x i p thd nhat, d vj trf t i l p theo va bing 11 trd khu vifc thinh phd v l ndng thdn (dd thj lb) Nlu x i p theogidi: trd trai dat k i t q u i eao hon trd gai (dd thj lc).Tuy nhidn mde dp ehdnh Ideh khdng nhilu (2.50 so vdi 2.42) Vdl bdi tdp (ma 2.3): Sd trd djch chuyin nhanh nhen theo ed gilo, b i t - tung bdng dupe lan dat dilm tdt: 22,54 % - trd dat d i l m khi: 31,92%, Sd trd djch chuyin nhanh nhen theo ed giao, bat tung bdng dupe lan la: 29,46% (dat dilm trung binh v l 16,08 % trd dat d i l m dUdi trung binh), Nhu viy, nhilu trd d l xlc djnh dung hUdng, bilt ddng ddng t i e "nglm" d4 ndm trung dich, nhung vide xle djnh khoing d e h van edn ylu ndn bdng thudng roi xung quanh dfch Khi ndm xa, trd d l b i l t phdi hpp dimg life d l y eOa eo t h i v l d n h tay Diim trung binh (0TB): 1.62/3, dilu dd t h i hidn su djch chuyin dung hUdng k i t hpp tung b i t bdng edn han ehl (Bing cdt 10, ddng 3), Nlu x i p theo tinh: Trd d Thai Nguydn x i p vj tri eao thd nhlt, sau dd d i n HI Ndi, t i l p theo la Nghd An, v l cudi cdng la Long An (dd thj 1a), Nlu x i p theo khu vUc: Trd d khu vifc thinh phd xip thd nhat, trd d khu vi/e ndng thdn v l ndng thdn viing khd x i p eiing vj trl thd Mdc dp chdnh Ideh la 1.82 so vdl 1.56 (Bing 1, ddng cdt va 6; dd thj lb) Nlu xip theo gidi: trd trai dat kit q u i cao hon trd g i i (mde dp ehdnh lech: 1.94 so vdi 1.35) (Bing 1, ddng cpt v l 9; dd thj c) Vdi bdi tdp (ma 2.6): Cd 53,5 % trd sd dung kdo elt dupc dudng thing, elt lupn theo dddng cong, c i t dupc v i o gdc vudng cua dudng ve hinh ngdi nhi, v l hoin t h i n h sin pham 25 % trd sd dimg kdo, elt dUgc dudng thing, elt lupn theo dudng cong, nhUng ehua d i u , trd elt dupe v i o gdc vudng eda dUdng ve, nhdng khdng sit, va van hoin thinh sin phlm % trd elt dupe dudng thing, cit lupn theo dUdng cong, nhdng khdng d i u (Idm chdm), hole khdng c i t dupe sit v i o gdc vudng cda dudng ve, va ehda c i t hinh xong v l cdn cd 3,4 % trd elm kdo ehda t h i t chic chin, viy c i t Idm chdm, khdng chuln x l c D i l m trung binh (DTB): 2,15/3, nhu viy sif khdo Ido v i n ddng d c co tay, ddi tay cua trd d l t h i hidn rd, song mpt sd v i n cdn han c h l v l dp chle chin elm kdo v l chtnh xlc lupn kdo (Bing 1, cdt 10, ddng 4) Nlu x i p theo tinh: HI Ndi, cao thd nhlt, t i l p theo I I Long An, sau II Thli Nguydn v l cudi cung II Nghd An (dd thj la) Nlu x i p theo khu vUc cuuCQ Thanh phd x i p thd nhlt, ndng thdn vung khd xip thd va ndng thdn xep thd (dd thj b), Nlu xep theo gidi: trd g l l dat k i t q u i cao hon tre trai (2,30 so vdi 2,00), (Bing 1, ddng cdt va 9; dd thj c), Ketiuan V I linh vifc t h i chat (van dpng thd v l van ddng tinh), kit q u i nghien cdu cho thay die dilm phat triln van dpng eiia trd mau giao tudi t h i hidn nhu sau: 1, Van dgng di, dUng, chgy, nhdy: trd thife hidn thao, vdng vang Trd trai dat kit q u i eao hon trd g i i (chdnh lech khdng dang kl) SUc mgnh, dio dai cua bdp chdn vd khd ndng giCf thdng bdng: Trd dat tdt Trd trai dat kit q u i eao hon trd gai (chenh Ideh khdng ding ke) Van ddng nem, chuyin, bdt: Trd da xle djnh dung hudng, bilt diing dpng t i c "nglm" d l nem trung dfch, nhung vide xle djnh khoing d e h van edn ylu Trd trai thue hidn tdt hon trd gIL 4, Phoi hgp tay mdt - di chuyin bdng chdn: trd thife hidn nhanh nhen, diing hudng, dat d mde dp gida trung binh v l khi, Trd trai dat kit q u i eao hon trd gll 5, The hiin sUphdi hap nhip nhdng van ddng: dat mdc tdt Van dgng, cU dgng, dieu khiin ddi tay kheo lio: dat d mde dp gida trung binh va kha Trd gai thde hidn kien tri, kheo leo, cdn trd trai thi vung v l hon Trd g l l dat kit q u i eao hon trd trai TAILIEUTHAMKHAG Chuang trinh gido due mdm non, Bd Gilo due va Bao tao, 2009 Bg chudn phdt triin tre tuoi - Vu Gilo due Mam non, 2011 Phan Thj Ngpc Anh (ehu nhidm d4 tai, thing 4/2011): Nghiin cCfu ddc diim phdt triin tri, de tai cap Bd, ma sd B2010-37-83 Bang Hdng Phuong, Phuang phdp gido due thi chdt cho tri mdm non; He Cao dang SU pham, NXB Bai hpc Su pham, 2008 Nguyin Anh Tuylt, Tdm lihgc tre em Ida tuoi mdm non, NXB Bai hpc SU pham HI Ndi, 1994 SUMMARY This article presents survey results on motor development characteristics by year olds Based on the tools comprised of measuring exercises, analysis of the children's performance in combination iv/th observations the author made conclusions on the children's motor development characteristics Sii 78-THANG 3/2812 • 13 ... phfi (5) Nong thon (6) Nong thon vCing kho (7) Trai (8) Gai (9) CHUNG (10) 2.4 Batxa 2, 85 2,94 2,90 2,78 2,94 2,81 2,86 2,88 2, 85 2.86 2 .5 Nhiy 16 c6 2 ,52 2 ,57 2,63 2,13 2,46 2,46 2 ,50 2 ,50 2,42... 2 ,50 2,42 2.46 2,3 Tung bit bong 1,71 1, 75 1,68 1,44 1,82 1 .56 1 ,56 1,94 1, 35 1. 65 2,6 Cit hinh ngoi nha 2,21 2,04 2,01 2,09 2,27 1.98 2,16 2,00 2,30 2. 15 Bieu 1: Ket qiia tr^ thi/c hien cdc bai... nhilu (2,88 so vdi 2. 85) Vdi bai tap (ma 2 .5) : Sd trd nhly Id cd thao c l chin, va h i t doan dUdng dai m mpt d c h de dang, khdng phli ddi chin: 66 ,52 % dat d i l m tdt, 15, 62% dat d i l m k h