19 s o 3 2012 J''''^i''''iAY Nf,V Nang Cdu m nang tuuyci trmh cho dgi ngu giang vien u uac triTcAig dai hpc hien nay DAU IRONC; C H C O N G Klioa Kinh te Ctiinh tri TrUong Dai hoc Chinh tri 1 IVlpt SO thuye[.]
19 s o 3-2012 J'^i'iAY Nf,V Nang Cdu m nang tuuyci trmh cho dgi ngu giang vien u uac triTcAig dai hpc hien DAU IRONC; Klioa Kinh te Ctiinh tri CHCONG TrUong Dai hoc Chinh tri IVlpt SO thuyet trinh Thuyet trinh hay ky nang thuyet trinh la mpt nhung nhan to quan gop phan hinh thanh, cung co nang iUc su pham cua nguoi lam cong tac su pham noi chung va giang vien o cac truong dai hoc noi rieng the khang dinh rang thuyet trinh xuait hien tu rat sdm cung vol su ddi cua giao due la mot nhQng phUdng phap truyen dat co ban nhat chuyen tai thong tin tu chu the giao due den doi tupng giao due (Tu'ngudi day den ngiJoi hoc), Ky nang thuye't trinh luon dupe hoan thien cung vdi su phat trien cua ly luan va thuc tien day hpc qua cac thoi ky lich su Ngay tu thoi co dai cac nha giao due, cac nha hien triet phuong dong cung nhu cae nha triet hpc phuong tay da khai quat nhung luan de noi tieng ve ngon ngQ va loi noi, de cao vai tro cua ngon ngu noi Khong Tu da khang dinh rang: Ngon ngu va ldi noi eo vai tro dae biet quan trong viec chuyen tai npi dung tri thuc tu ngUdi day den ngudi hoc Ngon ngU bao ham ca y tudng, tam tu, tmh cam cua ngudi thay, dng yeu cau nguoi hoc phai tich cue, chu dong tim toi, kham pha, sang tao hoc tap Tren co so hudng d i n , gpi md cua thay hpc tro phai tii tim chan ly, thay bao cho biet cai dieu da qua thi trd phai biet cai dieu dang den, nghla la nghe mot ma biet muOi Khong TQ noi: Cu nhat ngung, bat dT tam ngung phan, tac bat phuc da, co nghia vat co bon goc, chl cho mpt goc ma khong tim dudc ba goc khac, thi ta khong day lai nua phuong tay, cac nha giao due, nha triet hoc cung khang dinh vai tro quan cua ngon ngQ, Idi ndi, eua thuyet trinh qua trinh giao due Vao thdi ky thay giao cung nhu thay tu deu dudc than hda va trd mpt thu quyen luc xa hpi Thay giao nam tn thuc la nam chan ly tuyet dd'i Phuong phap day hoc chu yeu la dung ngon ngu ndi, hpc trd chi cd nghe thay giang, hpc thupe ldi thay va lam theo sach vd Do dd, each thu'c ngudi thay su dung ngdn ngu cd y nghla quyet dinh den viec Unh hpi tri thu'c cua ngu'di hpc Xixeron - Nha tU tudng, nha triet hpc co cho rang: Nhung Idi noi va hinh thuc uu tu nhat cua nha giao due la lam cho nhQng ngudi nghe co nhu cau thiet tha doi vdi kien thuc va co nhung hanh dpng tich cue de thu nhan dudc nhung kien thue ay Mpt dien gia u'u tu la ngudi co the day cho nhung ngudi nghe bdng ldi ndi eua minh, Budc sang thdi ky van hda Phuc Hung, tren ITnh vue van hda giao due d i l n cupc dau tranh rat quyet liet nham chong lai nen van hda giao due phan dpng, ldi thdi eua giai cap phong kie'n va giao hdi, dong thdi ddi thu'c hien nen giao due dan chu, tien bp Trong cupc dau tranh dd da xuat hien nhieu nha giao due ndi tieng Chfnh nhd nhung y tudng day hpc tien bp cua hp va nhung tuu dat dupe thu'c tien giao due d giai doan da tao tien de lam cd sd cho si/ hinh hpc thuyet day hpc Jan Amots Komenxki (1592 - 1670), nha giao due hoe vT dai ngu'di XIavo quan niem: DifUvaHpC so 3^2Q^2 JNGAY NAY — — — _ _ !fWr^-l#M?aii«^-vli Trong dgy hpc vd'n de quan trpng hdng dau Id ndi dung khoa hpc, sau dd chfnh Id sg truyen dgt "Khoa hpc Id cdi cd't Idi eua v i n de, edn nghe thudt Id cdi t h i hidn"[4; Tri 90] Khang djnh vai trd quyd't djnh eua vipc sQ dgng ngdn ngQ thuyd't trinh eua ngudi thay nham truyin dat nhQng npi dung khoa hpc den ngudi hpc N l u nhQ khdng Idm t i t "Nghd thudt the hien" hay chfnh Id khdng Idm t i t vide sQ dgng ngdn ngQ thuylt trinh ludn giai nhQng van d l khoa hpc, mgc dfch eua qud trinh day hpc se khdng dgt dupe, Ong bdn nhieu, bdn sdu vd sdng tgo nhieu phUPng phdp gidng dgy phong phu nhU: Ddm thogi, k l chuydn, cdu dl Theo Komenxki, cung vdi vide trang bj kiln thQc, giang vidn phai Idi cuon dupe hpc sinh vdo phdn dodn, phdn tfch, chQng minh van de, tim cdc moi lidn hp, rut ban chd't sg vdt thdng qua vide kheo ldo sQ dgng ngdn ngQ thuyd't trinh dan ddt, djnh hUdng cho ngudi hpc NhQ vdy, cdi chu y l u nhd't, mgnh me vd can thilt nhat qud trinh dgy hpc Id vai tro dieu khiln, hinh thdnh vd quylt djnh cua ngdn ngQ vd Idi ndi, bao gom ca ngdn ngQ khoa hpc Cud'i the ky XIX, dau t h i ky XX, d mpt s l nUde trdn the gidi da xuat hidn quan diem phu nhdn vai trd quan trpng eua ngdn ngO ndi day hpc Cd y kiln ndi mdt edeh mfa mai rang: "Mpt giang vien ndo dd cdng ndi td't thi cdng ft cd Ipi cho hpc sinh, bdi vi chf cd t h i ke chuydn khoa hpc mdt cdch hap ddn trdn ed sd ddn gian hda va tam thudng hda khoa hpc" [4; Tr.15] Khuynh hQdng quan dilm phu nhan vai trd cua ngdn ngO ndi ban dau xua't hidn d ede nude di theo eon dudng TBCN, vdo nhOng nam giOa t h i ky XX d nhilu nUde tu ban phUdng tdy, nhd't Id d MT da bung n l cudc each tan ve phUdng phdp gido due cdc nhd trQdng dgi hpc Trong dd dae bidt chu y phdi ke den ly thuylt dgy hpc lay hpc sinh Idm trung tam ma ndi dung cua nd ehu yeu dQa trdn nhOng quan diem trid't hpc vd gido due hpc thge dgng eua J.Dewey (1859 - 1952) Theo ly thuyd't ndy, giang dgy bat cQ van de gi deu phai chu y tdi hQng thQ cua ngQdi hpc Npi dung chu d l bdi hpc dQdc phan chia thdnh cae van de theo sg hQng thu, quan tdm eua tQng nhdm hpc sinh Idp, Dd'i vdi cac mdn khoa hpc xa hpi, gid Idn Idp ngQdi hpc dQpc tg tranh luan theo quan diem ridng eua minh, ddng vai giai quye't cdc tinh huong hodc dien kjeh theo kieu sdn khau hda de gay hQng thu hpc tap cho ngudi hpc Trong ede bull Idn Idp da sQ dung ede phUdng tidn nghe nhin, mdy ghi dm, may ehilu phim, mdy tinh didn tQ vd cac phUdng tidn hidn dgi khac, Theo dd, vai trd eua ngdn ngQ ndi ndi ridng vd hinh thQc bdi giang ndi chung bj xem nhp, Tuy nhidn, thge tien eua qud trinh gido dgc da chQng td rang mac du ed nhQng hgn c h l nhat djnh nhQng khdng the phu nhan vai trd cua ngdn ngO ndi VI: "ChQng ndo md lodi ngQdi edn ton tgi thi tiing ndi sinh ddng vd sg truyen dgt nhQng ludn d l khoa hpc bang tid'ng ndi dd vdn chQa bao gid tat" (V,L, Kirpisep) [3; Tr,292], Vi vay, ljch sQ gido dgc da xuat hidn khuynh hudng quan diem ndng cao hidu qua sQ dgng ngdn ngQ ndi thuyet trinh gan liln vdi bdi giang cua giang Vidn, N i n gido dgc Xd vilt nhQng thdp nidn 30, 60, 70 cQa t h i ky XX da xua't hidn mpt logt sdch vilt v l bdi Idn Idp, vai trd eua vide sQ dgng ngdn ngQ vd Idi ndi qud trinh gido dgc cua cdc nhd nghien cQu gido dgc nhU B.P.Exipop, N.M.Sulman, P.O.Aphanaxiep, R,G,Lembee, •iii JHOm n M,V,Lomonoxop„, Cdc quan diem ddu thd'ng nha't cho rang m i i phUdng tidn d i u cd vai trd dgy hpc eua nd va Id edi cd't y l u d l gidi quyd't nhOng nhidm vg nhd't dinh, NhQng ed mpt phQdng tidn tdc ddng gido dgc dQng trdn td't ca cae phQdng tidn ay, lidn hpp chQng, phii hpp vd dieu khien chung Id ldi ndi cua cdn bp gidng dgy vd ngdn ngQ sinh dpng cua dng ta, Vidt Nam, nhQng ndm chiln tranh, ly ludn gido dgc da dupe quan tdm nhQng chQa cd dieu kidn de nghien cQu sdu, Nhung tQ nhQng nam 80 trd Igi day, ddc bidt nhQng ndm thge hidn dQdng Id'i doi mdi, cdc nghj quyd't cua Dang cpng san Vidt Nam thudng xuydn d l cap den viec doi mdi ndng cao chd't lupng, hidu qua gido dgc - ddo tgo d tat cd ede bdc hpc, ngdnh hpc Ode nghi quyd't dd da vgch phUdng hudng cho vide tiep tgc doi mdi todn didn ca ly luan va thge tien gido dgc, Trong thdi gian ndy, ngdy cdng cd nhilu ngudi tham gia nhien cQu van de ndng cao chat iQpng, hidu qua bdi giang ndi chung vd ky nang sQ dgng ngdn ngQ thuyd't trinh giang dgy ndi ridng dudi nhQng gdc dp vd mQc dp khde Rat nhilu tai lieu ed gid trj da xuat hidn, nhu cuon "Thid't k l bdi hpc theo phQdng phap tfch cQe" eua Nguydn Ky; "Bdn v l gid hpc hidn dgi"cua PGS,PTS Vu Trpng Ry , Nhin chung ede tdc gia deu nhan tha'y rang, phai doi mdi cdch dgy vd hpc ede gid Idn Idp cho phdt huy cao hdn nQa vai trd ehu the eua ngUdi hoc, Quan diem van dung ly thuylt hogt dpng vdo dgy hpc ngdy edng cd nhieu tdc gia quan tam hudng Qng, GS, Dang Vu Hogt da nhdn djnh rang, xu hudng cd ban cua doi mdi PPDH hidn Id: "Tfch cgc hda hogt dpng nhdn thQc eua hpc sinh, Idi euln hpe sinh vdo hogt ddng, hpe sinh phai nam dupe cdch chiem ITnh tri thQc, Tich cgc hda hogt dpng nhdn thQc thge chat la tdn trpng, phdt huy vai trd ehu the eua hpc sinh"[1; Tr,22] PGS.PTS Phgm Viet VQpng cho rang, to chQe qud trinh dgy hpc theo loi mdi la: "Chuyin tQ edeh dgy theo kilu giai thfch, minh hpa de hpe sinh hiiu vd nhd (ed c h l chuyen tdi) sang loi day: Hpe sinh hogt dpng, tQ tim phQdng phdp nhan thQc, tg hinh thdnh ede khdi nidm khoa hpe (ed che hinh thdnh) ed the khang dinh rang dgy hpc lay hpc sinh Idm trung tam cd tu tudng chf dgo Id to ehQe cho hpe sinh hoat ddng tfch cgc, sdng tgo "[2; Tr.33] Cdc quan dilm trdn ddy nhin chung chf tid'p can van d l nghidn cQu dUdi gdc dp phQdng phdp dgy hpe la ehu y l u nhung da chQa dgng dd nhQng y tQdng tiln bp ve mpt hinh thQc bdi giang kilu mdi vd cdch thQc sQ dgng ngdn ngQ ndi cdc hinh thQc dgy hpe Thge hidn phQdng cham dgy hpe lay ngQdi hpe Idm trung tdm, bid'n qud trinh dgy hpe thdnh qua trinh tg hpe Do vdy, vide dp dgng cae phQdng tidn nghe nhin,., hien rat biln, Dilu da phan ndo Idm hgn c h l bdt vide sQ dgng ngdn ngQ ndi, cung nhQ KNTT, NhQng phai khang djnh rang: Khdng the thay t h i ngdn ngQ ndi bang bat cQ mpt hinh thQc truyin tai khde dupe, Vdy Ky ndng thuye't trinh ndn hieu nhQ t h i nao? TrQdc hit, thuat ngO ky nang da dQde rat nhilu nha khoa hpe quan tam nghidn cQu, moi ITnh vQe hogt dpng khde cd edeh hieu khde nhau, Tuy nhidn, ed the thay, tgu chung Igi thi ky ndng dupe bieu hidn d khia egnh rd rdng: I T W\mii •Mii ':« „ifaAk Mii ,0^4 K/7/'a can/7 frti? nh^'f; Xem xdt k^ ndng nghidng v l m$t ky thudt cua hdnh d|ng, thao tdc vd ft quan tdm d i n k i t q u i hdnh dpng Dgi dipn cho quan dilm ndy Id ede tdc gid: V,A Kruchetxki, PGS.TS Hd Nhdt Thdng,., V,A Kruchetxki cho ring: "KJ/ ndng la thge hidn m|t hdnh dpng hay mpt hogt dpng ndo dd nhd sQ dgng nhQng thu thudt, nhOng phQdng thQc dung d i n " [2; Tr.88], PGS.TS Hd Nhdt Thang cho ring: "Ky ndng Id mdt k9 thudt eua hdnh dpng, the hidn cae thao tdc eua hdnh dpng" [5; Tr.16] - Khia canh thd hai: Xem xet ky ndng khdng ddn thuin Id mat ky thudt cua hanh dpng md cdn Id bilu hien cua ndng Igc cua ngudi dong thdi cd tfnh d i n k i t qud eua hdnh ddng P.A, Rudich cho ring: "Ky ndng Id tdc dPng md ed sd eua nd Id sg vdn dgng thge t l cdc kiln thQc dd tilp thu dUpc d l dgt dupe kd't qua mpt hinh thQc hogt dpng cg the" [1; Tr.124], Theo tQ diln Tiing Vidt ndm 1992 Hodng Phd (ehu bidn) thi: Ky ndng Id khd ndng vdn dgng nhQng kiln thQc thu dupe mpt ITnh vgc ndo dd vdo thge t l Tuy hinh thQc d i l n dgt cdc khdi nidm v l ky ndng cd khde nhau, nhung thge chat d i u toat Idn nhQng d i u hidu n l i bat sau: Ky nang lidn quan mat thid't d i n ndng Igc eua ngQdi, Id bieu hidn cg t h i cua nang ige Mpi ky nang d i u phai dga trdn ed sd tri thQc, hieu bilt Muon hdnh dpng, muon thao tdc dQde, trQdc h i t phai ed k i l n thQc K i l n thQc chinh Id cdng eg cua hdnh ddng, trdn ed sd k i l n thQc mdi rdn luydn dupe ky xao, ky ndng tUdng Qng, dd Id hdnh ddng cd mgc dich NghTa Id, qud trinh thge hidn hdnh ddng, bao gid eon ngudi cung hinh dung k i t qua hanh dpng, each thQc de dgt tdi k i t qua dd, De cd ky nang eon ngudi phdi ndm dupe cdch thQc hdnh dpng nhOng d i l u kidn cg t h i vd hdnh dpng theo quy trinh vdi sg luydn tap nhd't djnh Vdi cdch tiep can dd, ed the hieu ky ndng chfnh Id kha nang thQc hidn cd hidu qua mdt hdnh d | n g hodc mpt cdng vide ndo dd, bang cdch van dgng nhQng k i l n thQc, ky xao, kinh nghipm da cd d l thge hidn hdnh ddng, cdng vide dd cho phu hpp vdi nhOng d i l u kidn nhd't djnh eua thge t i l n Di sdu nghien cQu v l khdi nidm ndy, phan Idn cdc nhd tdm ly hpc, gido dgc hpe d i u cho ring, kj' ndng Id mpt phgm tru dupe bieu hipn nhOng tinh hulng, trinh d | the hidn khde nhau; cd ky ndng ddn giin vd ky ndng phQc tgp Ky ndng ddn gian Id trinh dp dp dgng kiln thQc, k9 xao nhQng dieu kidn hodn canh thdng thQdng nhU: k^ ndng viet, ky nang dpc Ky ndng phQc tgp Id trinh dp v$n dgng sang tao nhQng tri thQc, ky xao vd kinh nghidm vdo nhQng tinh hulng phQc tgp vd dgt dupe k i t q u i nhd't djnh nhu \(y nang thuylt trinh ddy, ky ndng dupe hieu Id trinh dd cija SQ van dgng sang tgo kiln thQc, hieu bilt, kinh nghidm de giai quyet cae edng vide cd hidu qua Trong phgm vi bdi vilt ndy ndi d i n ky nang ndn hieu dd Id ky ndng d trinh dp cao, trinh dp phQc tgp Vdi cdch hieu nhU vdy, ed t h i tha'y, ky ndng dupe bieu hidn d cdc mQc dp khde Theo quan nidm cua Bloom thi ky ndng cd mQc dp: Bit chude: Qiian sat vd lap Igi hanh dpng (lap Igi mau) s6 3-2012 Dgife?H(H: Thao tic: miic dp cao hdn, ehu t h i thge hidn hanh d|ng theo sg hudng d i n bing Idi chQ khdng phai bang hdnh d|ng mSu, Hinh d^ng chuin xic: MQc dp thge hidn dung, chuan xde hdnh dpng, thao tdc md khdng c i n quan sdt mau hodc nghe ngQdi khde chf d i n , ddi hdi sQ n l igc, e l ging khd cao cua ehu t h i Hinh d0ng tU nhidn: MQc dp thuin thge, thdnh thao cua hdnh d|ng, thao tdc md khdng c i n sg eo ging nhilu ve t h i ige vd th Ige K5' ndng thuylt trinh la logi k9 nang ridng, ddc trung cho nghi gidng vidn, K^ ndng thuylt trinh Id cdc thao tdc vdn dgng nhQng kiln thQc t i n g hpp v l tg nhidn vd xd hpi vao thge t l dgy hpc vd gido dgc, Dd Id k h i nang sQ dgng cd hi§u qgd Idi ndi sinh dpng b i n g cdch van dgng nhOng kiln thufc, k9 xdo, kinh nghidm dd cd cua ngudi ndi d l md ta, giai thfch, ludn ChQng cdc npi dung thuylt trinh K^ ndng thuyd't trinh bao g I m mpt s l ky ndng bp phdn ed b i n sau ddy: Ky ndng md ti, tudng thuit: La ky ndng mang tinh chat md td, tudng thudt Igi cdc npi dung thuye't trinh Ky ndng ndy thudng dupe sQ dgng nghidn cQu, trinh bay cac si; kidn ljch sQ, ede hidn tQpng cua ddi sdng xd hpi_ Ky ndng giing giii: La ky ndng trinh bay cdc ludn diem eg t h i , cdc kiln thQc ridng le tQdng d l i dpc Igp mdt cdch co ludn cQ, ludn chQng Ky ndng giang giai thQdng dQpc diing npi dung thuyd't trinh v l cdc phgm tru, khdi mem, cac* quy luat, quy tie Ky ndng trinh biy, ly giii, phin tich md rdng: Ky nang ndy thQdng dQpc sQ dgng trinh bdy, md rdng, phan tfch, ly gidi cdc npi dung thuyet trinh theo mpt chii d l nhat djnh De ren luydn vd sQ dgng cd hidu qua ky ndng thuyet trinh, c i n phai k i t hpp chat che, kheo leo cdc ky nang tren, dong thdi cd sg kd't hpp chdt che hdi hod vdi cdc ky ndng sii phgm khde - Cdc trinh dp cua ky ndng thuylt trinh Trinh dp chua thdnh thgo (kdm; y l u ; trung binh) Trinh dp thdnh thgo (khd vd gidi) KJ ndng thuylt trinh khdng phdi thidn bam sinh da cd, md dd Id k i t qua cua qud trinh rdn luypn thQdng xuyen vd lidn tgc qgd trinh hpc tdp, dupe cung co, phdt trien vd hodn thidn qud trinh edng tdc thge tidn hogt dpng giang dgy vd nghidn cQu khoa hpc Vi vdy, vide thudng xuydn rdn luydn ky ndng thuylt trinh Id ydu c l u ddi hdi vQa mang tinh thudng xuydn vQa mang tinh d p bdeh hidn doi vdi giang vidn Ren luydn ky ndng thuyd't trinh c i n tudn thu nhOng v i n d l mang tinh quy ludt, cdc quan d i l m chf dgo doi vdi cdng tdc gido dgc - dao tgo cua d i t nQdc IVI6t s6' bien phap ren luyfn ky nang thuy@'t trinh cho d6i ngu giang vien tai cac trifofng dai hgc hien Trong phgm vi bdi vid't ndy, vdi cQpng vj Id mpt giang vidn dgi hpc, tdi xin de xuat mpt so giai phdp cd tfnh chat due rut kinh nghidm Cg the la: * Ren luydn ky nang thuyet trinh cho gidng vidn thdng qua vide tg to chQc td't qud trinh tg hpc, tg nghidn cQu s g thdnh thgo ky nang thuylt trinh chCi y l u dupe thdng IkjaivaHpC 80 3-2012 « / N G A y NAy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ qua eon dudng tg luydn tap, ren luydn mpt edeh ed ^ thQc vd tuan thu theo quy trinh nha't djnh, Muon vay, trudc hit giang vidn phai nam vOng kiln thQc khoa hpc phgc vg cho hogt ddng giang dgy vd nghien cQu khoa hpc, Hieu bie't sdu sac ea kiln thQc chuyen mdn, chuydn ngdnh lan kiln thQc lien ngdnh vd kiln thQc bo trp gdn lien vdi chQc trdch, nhiem vg cua giang vidn Day Id cd sd cho mpi hogt dpng, dd, de ren luyen td't ky ndng thuyd't trinh thi trQdc hd't giang vidn phai nam chac ndi dung kiln thQc thuylt trinh, Trdn cd sd n i n tang tri thQc vung chdc, ky xdo linh hogt, ed sg tham gia tfch cQc eua y thQc, ky ndng thuylt trinh cua giang vidn se nhanh chdng thuan thge vd dgt hieu qua cao, De thge hidn cd hieu qua c i n phai: Mgt li, phai tg ddt mgc tidu v l hodn chfnh ky ndng thuyd't trinh ro rdng, eg the, day du, chfnh xde, Mdt nhQng yd'u to dUa dd'n thdnh edng cho nhQng giang vidn dd chfnh Id ky ndng giang giai, thuylt phgc nggdi khde, Idi euln hp vdo cdu chuydn, bdi giang eua minh hoge de Igi mdt I n tupng khd qudn mdt mpi ngUdi tham gia vdo bat ky mdt buoi sinh hogt hpe thudt, tog ddm hodc mpt chQdng trinh giao iQu vdn hod vdn nghd.,, Td't nhien khdng phai tQ nhidn hp ed the ed dQpc nhQng kha ndng nhQ vdy md phin nhilu Id tg gido dgc va ren luydn mdi thdnh tdi dupe Do dd, ban thdn moi giang vien trQdc dQng tren bgc giang phai chuan bi dQde cho minh day du v l kiln thQc vd cdc ky ndng truyen dat, dd dae bidt Id ky ndng thuyet trinh, Dd chinh Id ly bupc hp phai ddt mgc tidu de hodn chfnh ky nang thuyd't trinh rd rdng, cg the, day du, chfnh xac, l l y dd Idm cd sd cho vide ren luydn ky nang ndy qud trinh cdng tae Hai la, tg xdy dgng cho minh mpt ke hoach tQ hpc, tg ren luydn ky nang thuyet trinh vd thge hidn nghidm tuc k l hogeh dd Phai tg xdy dgng ke hogeh hpe tap, nghien cQu khoa hpc, ren luydn cd nhdn ed sQ can nhac cae kha ndng vd dilu kidn cua ban thdn de xde djnh quylt tdm thge hidn cdc nhidm vg mpt cdch khoa hpc TQe Id phai can cQ vdo sQc khde, tri tue, trinh dp tg to chQc, tg dilu khien eua ban thdn, tg can doi quy thdi gian hogt ddng tap the vd hogt dpng ed nhdn Khi da ed dQde k l hogeh tg hpc, tQ ren luyen ky nang thuyet trinh hdp ly, can to chQc thge hien mpt each nghidm tuc theo dung tiln trinh bieu eua ban than, phai khac phgc tridt de mpi khd khan, khdng vi ly khdng chfnh dang md vi phgm, anh hudng, ehi phd'i dd'n k l hogeh md minh da xay dgng TQ khdu nhdn thQc ve mgc dfch, cdch thQc, dilu kidn hogt dpng, luydn tap den khdu tg to chQc kiem tra, danh gid td't ea phai thge hidn tQ chQa d i n cd, tQ dd.dd'n khd, tQ ddn gian dd'n phQc tgp, trdnh thg dpng, mdy mdc tQng npi dung cg the theo cdc bQdc sau: Budc 1: Phai nam vQng ndi dung kiln thQc can thuyd't trinh, chu y l u Id tdi lieu ly thuyd't, hieu rd y nghTa eua hogt ddng thuylt trinh dd, ThQc hidn nhOng thao tae tQ vd tg tim cdch thQc tien hanh phu hpp vdi ban than de dgt dupe hidu qua thuylt trinh cao nhd't BUde Luydn tap thuyet trinh thQ, Ddy chfnh Id vide giang vidn ddng vai trd Id ngUdi nhgc trudng, tg dilu chfnh Idi ndi, cQ chf, hdnh dpng eiia minh de giai quylt mdt van de ndo dd, ed the Id tinh hud'ng hpc tap hoac mpt bdi giang Day dupe xem Id bUde chuyen hod dan d i n tri thQc thdnh ky 15 nang, BQdc ndy, gidng vidn ed t h i tg tdp luypn mdt minh trdn gidng dudng, d nhd hay bit cQ d mdt ndi ndo dd cd hogt dpng eua tap t h i (trong cae bull hpp, sinh hogt,,,), ed the tg ren luydn vd due rut kinh nghidm cho cd nhdn hoac ed the ddng vai vd mdi mpi ngQdi tham gia nghe, ddng gdp y kiln rut kinh nghidm, Budc Rdn luypn de cung eo ky nang thuylt trinh vd de nd trd thdnh on djnh Budc 4: Trdn cd sd tfnh vQng chdc cd bdn vd I n dinh v l npi dung vd ky nang thuyd't trinh da dupe hinh thanh, giang vidn phdt huy sg sdng tgo cua ban than, Ba li, tham gia tfch cgc vdo ede buli dien ddn, hdi thao, tog dam, hpi thi d l ed dilu kidn, ed hpi the hidn vd ren luydn ky nang thuye't trinh eua ban than, qua trinh dd can ddc bipt ehu y kd't hpp Idi ndi vdi cdc cQ chf vd hdnh dpng trUdC ddm ddng d l ren iuydn cho minh ban rFnh vd ky ndng truyen tdi thdng tin, thuylt phgc ngUdi nghe Mpt thge tidn cho thiy rang, doi vdi vide ren luydn ky nang thuyd't trinh, tham gia tfch cgc vao ede hoat ddng tap the Id mpt bidn phdp ddc biet ed hidu qua, dd Id mdi trudng kiem chQng kha nang didn thuyd't cua giang vien Id hdn da thQ vdng doi vdi hp trudc nhQng tinh huong sU phgm cd the xay DQng trQdc tap the ban dau giang vidn cd the cdn e nggi, mat tg tin, nhUng Idm nhieu chac chan thdnh quen, tg nhien ky nang thuye't trinh se dUde hinh thdnh va hodn thidn d i n Thdng qua dd, gidng vidn ed the cung co thdm nilm tin vdo ban thdn, rut nhOng kinh nghidm quy bau de tQng bQdc hodn thien hdn v l khd ndng vd ky ndng thuye't trinh, giang giai vd thuyd't phgc nggdi khde Son la, can van dgng linh hoat ode ky nang bd phan ky nang thuylt trinh de giai quye't v i n d l mdt edeh linh hogt va ed hidu qua nha't Gan vdi moi hogt dpng giang vidn phai xde dinh dUde ndn sQ dgng ky nang md ta, tudng thuat, ky nang gidng giai hay ky nang trinh bdy, ly gidi, phdn tfch md rpng de giai quyd't cdc v i n d l cho that sg gay gpn, khuc chid't vd thuyd't phgc dupe ngQdi nghe Cd nghTa Id, gidng vidn ein phdi k i t hdp chat che, kheo leo cdc ky ndng bp phdn Dong thdi ed sg kd't hpp chat che hdi hod vdi cdc ky ndng sQ phgm khac Day chfnh Id "chile chia khoa van nang" de md nhQng "d cQabf mat" an chQa dang sau nhQng tri thQc khoa hpc, nhOng tinh huong su phgm , doi vdi gidng vidn Xdy dgng mdi trudng vd dilu kidn sU phgm thuan ldi cho giang vidn ren luydn ky ndng thuyd't trinh, Ddy Id mpt bipn phdp quan trpng, bao dam cho vide hinh thdnh ky nang thuyd't trinh dQde didn nhanii chdng vd ren luydn nd dgt hidu qua cao, Xdy dgng mdi trQdng vd dilu kidn sQ phgm thuan Ipi chfnh Id cd sd, dieu kidn thuc day gidng vidn eo gang no Igc vUdn len ren luydn ky nang thuylt trinh, Mdi trQdng vd dilu kidn sQ phgm thuan lpi se gdp phan giup cho giang vidn nhanh chdng ehilm ITnh he thing kiln thQc khoa hpc, cd bdn, hidn dgi, nam dQde nhOng phQdng thQc thilt yd'u ciia vide hinh ede ky ndng ndi chung vd ky nang thuyd't trinh ndi ridng, De xdy dgng dupe mdi trudng vd dilu kidn sU pham thuan Ipi cho giang vidn ren luydn ky ndng thuyet trinh, mdi giang vidn cung vdi td't ea Igc Igpng gido dgc cd lidn quan ein thge hidn tot ede npi dung sau: - Phit dgng vi xiy dung eic phong trdo thi dua hgc 1611: ^^^A^Aj^ 'ML •-''-Mi:S'.t^:!t>- tip, nghidn cdu khoa hgc, rin luyen nghiip vu sU ph^m, ehu trgng vS ky ndng thuyit trinh Day Id ndi giup giing vidn t h i hidn nhOng kinh nghidm, ndng iQc cua minh, vdn dgng vdo thge tiln sQ phgm m|t cdch sang tgo, tgo mdt mdi trQdng hpe tdp Idnh mgnh, hidu qud, Trong phdt dpng vd xdy dgng cdc phong trdo thi dua hpe tdp, ren luydn ein phdt huy sQc mgnh ting hpp cua cdc IQc IQpng gido dgc, cd k l hogeh sdt hpp, phdn edng t l chQc kilm tra, ddnh gid, rQt kinh nghidm kjp thdi de phong trdo thdt sg ^ nghTa di vdo ehilu sdu vd thu hut dupe tdp t h i cdc gidng vidn tham gia vdi tinh thin xdy dgng cao nhd't Phai biln phong trdo dd trd thdnh mdt nguIn ddng Ige quan trpng thdi thue sg say md vd hQng thQ hpc tdp vd rdn luydn cho m i l gidng vidn ' Xiy dung biu khdng tim ly thoii mii, gin gui, thin mit hgc tip, nghidn cdu khoa hgc vi rin luy$n to bd mdn khoa Tap t h i gidng vidn vdi nhQng ngQdi eg thi, hogt dpng mdt biu khdng khf cdi md, gdn k i t hpc tdp, nghidn cQu khoa hpc vd rdn luydn se la dilu kidn hit sQc thudn Ipi cho vide ren luydn ky ndng thuylt trinh VI d dd, m i i gidng vidn se phdt huy dupe khd ndng, sd trudng eua minh, cung trao d l i , hpc hdi lan giup dd de rdn luydn nhQng ky ndng c i n thid't D l Idm dQde nhQ vdy, edn bp quan ly bp mdn, khoa phai ndm chdc ddc diem vd sd trQdng cua moi gidng vidn, dong thdi phdi quan tdm, chdm lo xdy dgng tap the ludn Id mpt khoi thong nhd't, dodn kit, tin cdy, giup dd lan Ngodi vide chf dgo, to chQc ede hogt ddng sQ phgm d tdp the thi edn bp qudn ly edn cd vai trd phdt hidn, nam bat vd dilu chfnh du ludn theo hudng tfch cQc, dae bidt Id thdng tin phan h i i tQ phia ngQdi hpe cung nhu mpi cdn bd giang vidn khoa, bp mdn, de kip thdi cd nhQng bien phdp giup giang vidn sQa chQa vd khac phue nhQng hgn c h l eua minh, gdp phan Idm phong phu bdi gidng de nd that sg di vdo Idng ngudi Do vdy, edn bp to bp mdn, Khoa ein phai: ThQdng xuydn tg trau d l i , nghidn cQu bo sung kiln thQc mpi mat, nhat Id ve nang igc sQ phgm de cd the giup dd qud trinh tg gido dgc cua cdc giang vidn, ddo bidt Id dpi ngu gidng vidn tre hidu qua hdn, vi nhilu v i n d l n i y sinh qud trinh cdng tdc cd t h i vi/pt qud kha ndng gill quylt ciia hp, Tdng ciiOng kilm tra, uon n i n cdc hogt d|ng sQ phgm nham hgn c h l tdi mQc thap nhd't cdc bilu hipn tidu cgc tap the sQ phgm, dam bdo cho mpi ngQdi thge hidn "gid ndo vide ay" dgng c h l dd quy djnh, d$c bidt Id c h l d | tg hpe, tg nghien cQu, NhOng bif n phdp trdn dgpc tri vd thge hidn nghidm tue se Id cd sd de giang vidn ren luydn thdnh thge ky ndng thuyet trinh, gdp phan ndng cao chit IQpng cdc hogt dpng khoa hpc, dae bidt Id giing dgy d cdc trQdng dgi hpc hidn ddp Qng vdi mgc tieu ydu cau ddo tgo thdi dgi mdi DANH MUC TAI UEU THAM KHAO Bdo cdo tong ket kit qua nghien cQu d l tdi "Nhdn thQc Igi mdt so khai nidm, phgm tru ciia Gido dgc hpc", Vidn Khoa hpc gido dgc, DetaiB34-37-39,H.1^6 Ddng Quoc Bdo, Hidu qud kinh te cua gido dgc, Bdo Giao dgc vd Thdi dgi So 42/1999 LUU Xudn Mdi (2003) Rdn luydn ky ndng tghpc cho sinh vidn Dgi hpc Tgp chf Khoa hpc, Dgi hpc SU phgm Hd Npi, s l 02/2003 Trin Dinh TuIn, Ludn dn Tien sTgido dgc hpc, H.2001 Ha Nhat Thang (1998) - ThQc hanh to chQc hogt dpng gido dgc, Nxb Giao dgc, H.1998 •mmmm^'f^^imm 563-2012 Dmjy^m Cin cl! each sir pham (Tiip theo trang 4) Thge t i l n k l trdn ddy ddi hdi mpt sg d l i mdi tu duy, T h i y gido chf quan trpng b i l t bien qud trinh ddo tao thdnh qud trinh tg ddo tgo cua hpc trd R l t cupc thi "ta ddo tgo" vSn Id q u y l t djnh, Chfnh sdch cua ta qud sai l i m coi trpng ddo tgo chlnh quy vd midt thj ddo tgo khdng chfnh quy d i n mQc Idm rdu c l he thing giao dgc khdng ehlnh quy, Igi d l cd m|t b i l n "dgy them, hpc thdm" trdn lan, Ndi nhQ trdn chdc se cd y kiln phan bidn Igi ring: n l u t h i thi ndn gidi tan gido dgc chlnh quy vl t i n kdm md, v l nhieu mat nhu trdn da k l ra, d i u thua hodc khdng hdn gido dgc khdng chfnh quy Van d l Id d c h l : gido dgc chfnh quy Id cho dQa d l cho gido dgc khong chfnh quy t i n tgi Nd cung c l p chUdng trinh, tai lipu giao khoa, n i n n i p qudn ly cho gido dgc khdng chlnh quy, NhQng hidu qua gido dgc se thi cdn thu|c cac nhd quan ly, ede t h i y gido vd ngudi hpc nhdn thQc va hdnh d i n g nhQ t h i ndo de van dung quy luat chat lupng: "bien qud trinh ddo tao thdnh qua trinh tg ddo tgo" ddi, anh thua em Id chuypn khdng hiem Luc hp VHVL mdi md, Bp Gido dgc dd cd ehu trUdng: "sinh vien hd VHVL se thi tot nghidp chung vdi sinh vidn chinh quy md khdng dupe ehilu co, cham chQdc gi h i t Dd Id lieu thuoc hidu nghiem de chong Igi tQ tudng trdng chd d nhOng chdm chQdc, ehilu eo thQdng hay cd d nhijlng ngQdi hpe khdng chinh quy ; Khdng chf ngQdi hpc ma ca ngQdi quan ly, ngudi dgy cung hay cd tdm ly dd, vay md tidu cgc sinh Idm hdng ca hd ddo tgo khong chfnh quy, Cho ndn, neu ngudi quan ly, ngQdi dgy hgc nam vOng quy ludt c h i t IQpng vd cd p h i m chat sdng thi gido dgc khdng chinh quy cd nhilu mat mgnh nhQ trdn da ndi Nd Igi re t i l n chQ khdng ddt nhQ giao dgc chfnh quy (UNESCO coi gido dgc chfnh quy la vQdng gid), N l u ngQdi quan ly b i l t tdn dgng cdc mdt mgnh ciia ddi bdn "chfnh quy" vd "khdng chinh quy", l l y m$t mgnh ciia bdn ndy bO d i p vdo "m$t y l u " cua bdn thi se c6 mpt hd thong gido dgc cd hipu s u i t cao Ndm 1988 vide Idm thQ hd VHVL d m i l n Bdc ket thuc t h i n g Ipi nhQng cdc tfnh da dQ gido vidn thong trung hpc, n l u t i l p tgc thi se thQa dd mpt so cdc tfnh I d i n g b i n g sdng CQu Long cdn t h i l u gido vidn THPT ndn xin B | cho md hd VHVL tgi tfnh, nhQng Bp trQdng mdi khdng cho Th^t ddng t i l e nhd't Id b i l t rang hien Anh, My, Uc d i u thQa nhdn rang VHVL Id hinh thufc td't n h i t d l ddo tgo thay gido vd thay thuoc vd hp dang CCSP theo hQdng dd Nay ta ndn bdn Igi xem cd nen cho hinh thQc VHVL song Igi d ngdnh SQ phgm hay khdng So vdi hoi 1977-1988 thi ed nhilu thuan ldi hdn cho he VHVL, vf dg nhQ da cd edng nghd thdng tin, da cd chu trQdng doi mdi giao dgc mpt each can ban va todn didn, chCi trQdng doi mdi ndng thdn, sap cd chinh sdch mdi v l IQdng gido vien (nhQng phai xda chinh sach midt thj gido dgc khdng chlnh quy) Hinh thQc VHVL se Idm n i n cho n h i l u cdch dgy, cdch hpc mdi, tdo bgo phO hpp vdi m i y chO "cdn bdn" vd "todn didn" ... ldi cho giang vidn ren luydn ky ndng thuyd''t trinh, Ddy Id mpt bipn phdp quan trpng, bao dam cho vide hinh thdnh ky nang thuyd''t trinh dQde didn nhanii chdng vd ren luydn nd dgt hidu qua cao, ... l Id d c h l : gido dgc chfnh quy Id cho dQa d l cho gido dgc khong chfnh quy t i n tgi Nd cung c l p chUdng trinh, tai lipu giao khoa, n i n n i p qudn ly cho gido dgc khdng chlnh quy, NhQng... vd hp dang CCSP theo hQdng dd Nay ta ndn bdn Igi xem cd nen cho hinh thQc VHVL song Igi d ngdnh SQ phgm hay khdng So vdi hoi 1977-1988 thi ed nhilu thuan ldi hdn cho he VHVL, vf dg nhQ da cd edng