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74 ^hin ra thi^JM KINH NGHIEM OUOC TE VE OUAN TRI DAI HOC VA BAI HOC RUT RA CHO CAC TRU''''CJNG DAI HOC 6 VIET NAM ThS NguySn Qu6c Nghi>''''> NguySn Oinh Y^n Oanh dgi hpe Vidt Nam d l vUpt qua nhQng thdch thQc va hQdng d i n phdt triln mdt md hinh qudn trj phu hpp, hifiu qua Kinh nghigm qu^c te ve qudn trj dgi hpc - D^l hqc Harvard, Hoa Ky Harvard Id trudng dgi hpc ddu tifin eDa Hoa Ky, tpa Igc fi thdnh phd Cambridge, Massachusetts vdi tdng didn tfch l l n din 1,5 km* Hidn Dgi hpc Harvard cd khodng 2.100 nhdn vifin, thu hut dfi'n 21 nghin sinh vifin dang theo hpc vd 323 nghin eUu sinh vifin dd tdt nghidp, dd ed khodng 52 nghin ei/u sinh vifin thupc 201 qud'c gia trfin t h i gidi''' Harvard la mdt thdnh vifin cDa Ivy League (nhdm trudng vd vifin dgi hpc thdnh vifin ndi tieng v l hd thd'ng gido dye, trifi't 19 gido dye vd ehd't lUpng ddo tgo hdng ddu vd ldu ddi cDa Hoa Ky, da trfi thdnh hinh m i u ly tudng cho rd't nhilu trUdng dgi hpc khde fi Hoa Ky vd trfin t h i gidi hpc hfii) Todn bd trUdng vd vifin dgi hpc thdnh vifin '''"»'"'Dgi hpc Cdn Thd eDa Ivy League deu Id trudng tu thge va ''• The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Harvard University Fact Book 2010-2011, The n i m fi nhdm d i u cDa danh sdch x i p hgng Office of Institutional Research, http://wwvif ede trudng va vidn dgi hoc U.S News & provost.harvard.edu/institutional_research/ World Report thi^c hidn Trong do, Han/ard han/ard_fact_book_2010-11 _web.pdf 2011 ido dye vd dao tgo, ddc bidt Id gido dye Idgi hpc la ddng lye tgo nfin sy thjnh vQpng cDa qud'c gia NhQng thdnh tyu ViL/vQ tu gido dye dgi hpc dd ddng gdp khdng nhfi qua trinh phdt trien kinh t l - xa hdi cDa Viet Nam Tuy nhifin, gido dye dgi hpe Vidt Nam van edn nhilu vd'n d l bd't edp d n gidi quyfi't: mfi hinh qudn tri edn nhieu diem thilu va yeu, chat IQdng ddo tgo chQa cao, vi§e qudn ly thieu tfnh ddng bd va ehua thue sQ hieu qud- VI vdy, ddi mdi cdn bdn vd todn difin qudn ly gido dye dupe Chfnh phD xdc djnh Id khdu ddt pha dd phat tnen gido dgc Viet Nam dfi'n ndm 2020 Do dd, nghiln eUu ede md hinh qudn trj dgi hpc trfin thd gidi Id vific Idm edn thifi't, nhim tifi'p thu vd Qng dgng nhQng yeu td thdnh cdng cdc md hinh qudn trj dgi hpc qude t l Bdi hge v l qudn trj dgi hpe cDa cdc trQdng hdng d i u t h i gJdi Id kinh nghifim quy bdu cho hd thdng gido dgc Khoa hpc chfnh trj - So 1/2013 9ihin thegi&i la trudng dgi hpe thudng xuyen dgt thQ hgng cao nhd't hodc nhdm cdc trudng dgi hpc td't nha't t h i gidi theo ede bdng xfi'p hgng gido dye dgi hpc uy tfn qude t l Cdc cyu sinh vien Harvard da dgt dupe nhilu vj tri cao fTnh vye kinh t l - ehfnh tri - xd hpi Chang hgn, Barack Obama, Franklin D.Roosevelt, John F.Kennedy, George Walker Bush Id nhQng cyu sinh vifin cua Harvard da trfi tdng thdng Hoa Ky vd nhilu cuu sinh v i i n da trd thdnh tdng thdng fi cdc qud'c gia khae Ngodi ra, hOn 40 cgu sinh vien Harvard tQng nhdn eac gidi Nobel va nhilu trifi't gia, nhd vdn, nhd thd, doanh nhdn tdi ba dd tdt nghidp tQ Harvard Ben cgnh Harvard edn td trUdng dgi hpc cd ngudn cung Qng tdi chtnh Idn nhat t h i gidi, vdl tdng sd tien tdi trd cDa cdc ed nhan, higp hpi, td chQe, tap doan Ifin de'n 36,9 ty USD Harvard Management Company chju trdch nhiem quan ly ngudn tdi ehinh khdng Id de dau tU vao eae Unh vue, nhu thj trudng ChQng khoan (Hoa Ky), dau hda (Brazil), cdng nghfi thdng tin (An Dd) , Do dd, Dgi hoc Harvard cdn dupe xem Id mdt doanh nghifip Idn eDa Hoa Ky NhQng dieu chQng td, md hinh quan trj cDa Harvard da dat dupe nhQng edng vQpt bat vifie qudn trj nhd trudng ve mpi mat: nhdn sy, chat lupng ddo tgo, tdi chtnh._ Cd nhieu yeu td tac dfing den md hinh qudn trj cDa Dgi hpc Harvard qua trinh thdnh lap vd phdt trien Dgi hpc Harvard dupe chinh quyen Vmh Massachusetts lgp vao nam 1636 Mue tifiu ban dau thdnh ldp Id ddo tao mge sQ cho cdng dong Thanh giao Sau dd, ed ca'u to ehQc cua nhd trudng da cd sg thay ddi Idn Harvard dupe tU thyc hda (privatisation) va vai trd kiem sodt Ban Qudn trj nha trudng eua cdc ehfnh tri gia va mge sU dupe ede cyu sinh vien Harvard thudc gidi thupng luu thay the TQ ndm 1865, Ban Qudn trj Harvard hoan todn cac cQu sinh vifin cDa trudng ddm nhifim Han/ard trd Khoa hpc chfnh trj -So 1/2013 thdnh md hinh trUdng dgi hpc diu tifin eDa Hoa Ky chfnh thQc ede cyu sinh vifin qudn trj Vdl sy dpt phd ndy, mfi hinh qudn ly sdng tgo da tgo nfin vj t h i hdng diu eDa Dgi hpc Harvard fi Hoa Ky ndi rifing vd trfin thd gidi ndi Chung Trong chifi'n iQpc qudn tn tdi chfnh, cdc eUu sinh vifin da phdt ddng cdc cupc vdn ddng gdy quy cho trudng tQ nhQng khodn ddng gdp cDa cdc ed nhdn, ddnh diu mdt budc phdt triln mgnh me v l tdi chtnh cDa Harvard B i n cgnh dd, logi hinh dgi hpc cDa Harvard eung dUpc chuyin ddi todn dign thdnh dgi hpc nghifin cQu thdi ky dUdng nhifim cDa Higu trUfing Charles William Eliot (1869-1909) Myc tifiu cDa dgi hpe nghifin cQu nhQ Harvard tieu bieu cho mdt td ehQc tinh hoa cd tfnh qudc gia, ed cd ehe tuyen sinh sinh vifin, tifiu chuin tuyen dyng giang vifin dga trfin tdi ndng vd pham chd't d l mang d i n ede edng trinh nghifin cQu khoa hpe ed gid trj Dgi hpe Harvard dd dypc cdi each triet de tQ cac khda hpe, md hinh ldp hpc vd viec tuyen sinh He thdng tuyIn sinh trfi nfin da dgng hPn, khdng chl cd thdnh phan thQpng luu md phan thieu so, xud't than tQ tang Idp lao dpng cung gia tdng vd ed ea sinh vien qudc te Sd sinh vifin dai hpc edng nhieu vdi sy nd rd cDa nhieu ehQdng trinh cD nhan lan chUdng trinh sau dgi hpc TrUdng eung cap cho sinh vien eua minh nhQng cd sfi vdt chat tdi Uu nhu: Bdo tdng Nghg thudt Harvard, thU vifin Widerner (xep hgng 4/5 thU vidn ed nhilu sdeh nha't the gidi, ndi d t giQ hdn 15 trieu cudn sdeh); sdn vgn ddng, ky tue xd, vUdn Udm Danh tieng cDa Harvard trfin t h i gidi ngdy cdng cao, uy tfn cDa Ban Qudn tri eung sd tien hiln tdng cho nhd trUfing ngdy cdng Ifin Mo hinh eua Harvard da cd dnh hufing rat ldn dfi'i vdi nin giao dye qude giacDa Hoa Ky vd Id tieu chuin vdng cDa the gidi Ban Qudn trj cDa trUdng gdm ede cyu sinh vifin ed trach nhigm qudn ly nhd trUdng (Harvard ji(_iiiil Corporation & Board Of Overseers) Hidu trUfing chju trdch nhidm chung trUde Ban Qudn trj cDa trtfdng v l mgi mdt dilu hdnh vd ddo tgo Cdc khoa thudc cdc ITnh vyc: nghd thu^t, khoa hpc, ludt, y, qudn tri, thifi't k l , gido dye vd sQc khde edng ddng trgc thudc quydn qudn ly" eua hidu trUfing Mdi khoa cd the ed cdc vidn hode trung tdm ehUe ndng true thudc'" TrUdng dUdc Chtnh phD giao quydn tU ehD todn didn cdc ndi dung hogt ddng Vai trd cua Chlnh phD qudn ly dgi hpc t h i hidn trfin ITnh vQc qudn ly ehfnh trj vd ddu tU ngdn sdeh id chD y l u , Hidn nay, 19 sd 20 trudng dgi hpe hdng d i u cDa Hoa Ky (theo bdng x i p hgng eua td US News and Worid Report), ndm dUdi quydn kiem sodt eDa cdc cQu sinh vifin, tdc Id ed tU 50% trd Ifin ede cQu sinh vifin n i m ban qudn trj Trong do, cdc trUdng dQng dau cDa bdng xep hgng nhu Harvard, Yale vd Columbia hoan toan cdc cQu sinh vifin lanh dgo Trung binh, cdc cyu smh vifin chilm tdi 63% thdnh vifin ban lanh dgo eua 100 dgi hpe hang dau cDa Hoa Ky, ed edng lap tin tuthye'^' Uu diem cua md hinh xud't phdt tU ty le cQu sinh vifin ban qudn trj, Hp Id ddi tupng cd mUc quan tdm nhieu nhd't de'n uy tin cDa trudng, eo ddng lue va cd khd ndng qudn ly trudng mpt each hifiu qud vdi kiln thQc sdu sic v l ngdi trudng minh dd hpc Do dd, vific qudn trj trUdng mpt each hi^u qud, '' http://www.itpb.ucla.edu/history/it_ retreat_1999/note book/university reviews/ harvard/Harvard-Figure-1 htm 1^1 Shailendra R Mehta (2012), The Secret of Harvard'sSuccess, 1995-2012 Project Syndicate, http://www.project-syndicate,org/commentary/ the-secret-of-harvard-s-success-by-shailendrar-mehta "! University of Oxford, A brief history of the University, http://www.ox.ac.uk/about_the_ university/introducing_oxford/a_brief_history_ of_the_university/index.html thigi^ dUa v| tri xep hgng eDa trudng tdng Ifin cOng g i n liln vdl trdch nhidnn vd cd dnh hUfing tfch cQc ddi vdi uy tfn nhQng cQu sinh vifin Ban Qudn trj nhd trUfing VI vdy, cdc trudng dgi hpc nhu Harvard dD hogt ddng vdi mge tifiu ehfnh Id tgo lpi fch cho xa hdi (phi lpi nhu^n), ddng cd nd igc qudn trj trUdng vin khdng h i bj gidm vdi sQ qudn ly cDa cQu sinh vifin trudng vi|e thufi ddi ngD gidng dgy ed chit lupng, tuyIn tUa nhQng sinh vifin xult sic dd cdng hiln cho trudng Ddng thdi, mgng ludi cDa cdc cgu sinh vifin cdn dupe tieh cge phdt triln vd mfi rdng d l trfi thdnh kfinh thdng tin hidu qud, nhanh ehdng cho Ban Qudn tn vd Id ngudn Dng hd ldn v l mdt vdt chit eho nhd trudng Ngudn tai chinh dn djnh Id y l u td quan giup trUdng dgt dUpc thdnh edng, bfin egnh sU tQ chD ve mpi van d l boat ddng dao tgo, bao gdm ngdnh hpc, ChUdng trinh, bing d p , tU hpe thudt, Tuy nhifin, Dgi hpe Harvard cung dupe nhdn xet la da phg thudc nhieu vdo eac trp giang fi mfit sd mdn hpe ehUdng trinh cQ nhdn, cd t h i gdy dnh hufing xd'u den chit lupng ddo tgo Vigc cd qud nhieu hpc vifin eao hpe dupe tham gia trp gidng, Idp hpc qud ddng sinh vien khiln ngUfii hpc ft cd ed hdi dupe tham gia thdo ludn trfin ldp theo phUdng phap hpc tgp tieh cge Ngoai ra, sg tdng vpt ehi phf eho giao dye bdc cao, ddc bifit fi mdt trudng dgi hpc tinh hoa nhU Harvard eung khifi'n ngUdi hpc khd khan vide ehi trd eho gido dgc dgi hpc Sinh vifin Hoa Ky ndi ehung phdi trang trdi cho vide hpc eua hp bing nhQng cdng vigc bdn thfii gian qud trinh hpc vd nhQng khodn vay Idn md phai mat nhilu ndm mdi ed the trd hit - Dal hqc Oxford, Anh Vign dgi hpe Oxford tpa Igc tgi thdnh phd Oxford, Anh, la vifin dgi hpc cd nhdt eae nude ndi tieng Anh TrUdng da gidng dgy tQ nam 1096 dD ehua xde djnh ndm ddi chfnh thUc*^' Theo x i p hgng cua Khoa hpc chinh trj - So /2013 9(,fun thi'gi&i The Times 2012- tfch eye Cdc hpc vien sau dgi hpc thudng 2013, ddy Id vifin dgi hpc tdt nha't VUdng Higher Education n a m dupe hQdng d i n t h d n g qua cdc budi Ifin Ifip qudc A n h , Bac Ireland v d dQng thU va cdc hdi t h a o , nhQng tdp trung nhieu hon nhQng trQdng dgi hpc danh t i i n g nhd't t h i vao nghifin cQu ed n h d n Trong qud trinh thi gidi'" Trudng da c d 48 ngudi dgt Gidi Nobel cQ, trQdng dgi hpc t y chju trdch nhifim td trfin CUdng vj cae cQu sinh v i e n , ede gido ChQc ede c u p e thi v d cd'p b i n g , 04 dgt vdn sU giang dgy; c d ft nhd't 30 nhd ldnh dgo b i n g d p dp m d t , hpe vifin phdi vQpt qua hai tr6n the gidt da thy h u f i n g n i n gido d y e tgi k^ thi Ky thi thU nhd't gpi la ky thi so khdo Oxford Hifin t r u d n g c d trfin 0 sinh vifin t h u d n g td ehQc v d o cudi n d m hpe thQ n h i t , dang theo hpc dgi hpe v a sau d g i hpc Oxford ky thi thQ hai to ehQc vdo cudi khda hpc cung thudc n h d m 20 t r u d n g dgi hpc ldn nhdt Cac thf sinh se nhdn b i n g danh d g hgng ntfdc Anh vdi tfin gpi "The Russell Group", nhat, hgng hai hodc hgng ba theo ket nhom c h i l m d i n hdn % sinh vifin c u a q u d cDa ky thi T r u d n g eung d p toan nUde A n h , ke ed sinh vifin qufi'c t l M y e b d n g thge sT vd t i l n sT fi td't cd cdc mdn cd tifiu ban dau D g i hpc Oxford t h d n h idp Id gidng dgy fi bdc dgi hpc Trong vific qudn dao tgo tu sTva linh m y e cho Gido h d i M y e trj tai chfnh, Dgi hpc Oxford la vifin dgi hpe dfeh van dUpe tri d e n truyen edng n h d n ngan sdeh ho trp tQ Chfnh phu, thdng giao dye fi Oxford thay d d i vdo t h i ky van nhQng trudng d u p e hodn todn tU ehD va cd XVI CDng vdi Harvard fi c h d u M y , Oxford mdt n g u d n tai chfnh d n dinh d i n tQ hogt la trUdng dgi hpc lau d d i nha't fi c h a u A u v d d d n g nghien cQu khoa hpc Ngudn thu ldn CO chat lupng dao tgo lufin d u p e edng nhan c u a trudng la tQ nghien cQu, edn hpe phi chi thupc hang d a u the' gidi D i e m dgc biet ehiem mdt phan nhd so d d Cae cdng viec quan tri chat lUpng d d o tgo eua Oxford trinh nghifin cQu cDa Oxford ndi rieng va la trudng ludn lifin ke't c h a t che v d i cae c d n g dgi hpe fi A n h ndi ehung hifin dQng dau the ty, doanh nghifip S i n h v i e n dUdc trudng gidi vdi doanh thu h a n g t^ bdng Anh/nam gQi den lam viec t r y c tiep tgi ede c d n g ty C u n g gidng cae trUfing dgi hpc khac fi Anh, dudi dgng thuc tap, ngUPc lai, trudng cung Chfnh phu q u d n ly chat che cdc nghien cQu cap cdc cdng trinh n g h i e n cQu eho doanh v d d a n h gid mQc dp xuat s i e cDa Oxford nghifip, cung Qng n h d n iQc chfnh xac theo tQ cdc n g h i e n cQu eDa hp N a m hoc 2010 nhu eau cDa doanh nghifip Sinh vifin k h d n g - 1 , thu n h d p c u a Oxford khodng 919,6 chl thyc tap m a t r u d n g ed the lam vific trieu b d n g A n h T r o n g d d , ngudn tai chfnh da dUdc thQc tap qua trinh cDa trudng ehD yfi'u cac nguon tai chfnh theo hpe B e n c a n h d d , phUdng p h a p gidng tQ bfin ngodi ho trd cho boat ddng hpc thudt dgy cho ehUdng trinh cQ n h a n xoay quanh va nghifin cQu ( % ) , ngan s d c h hd trp eua cac budi hpe hogc t h a o ludn t u a n tgi Chfnh phD ( 2 % ) , hpe phf (16%) vd eac hogt cac trudng thdnh v i e n ; nhQng budi thuye't d d n g thUOng m g i , d a u tU khde Day cung la trinh hoac thQc h d n h p h d n g thi n g h i g m trUfing ed n g u d n kinh phf ho trp eho nghien cac khoa, c a c b a n c h u y e n n g d n h cDa cQu ldn nhd't nUdc A n h vifin dgi hpe td chQc d a m a n g Igi hifiu q u d M d hinh q u d n trj cDa Dgi hpe Oxford la hodn t o a n tU c h u td chQc, hogt dpng d d c ldp v d d p d y n g eac ky thuat qudn ly cDa '"The Times Higher Education (2012), V\/orldUniversity Rankings 2012-2013, Thomson Reuters http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/worlduniversity-ran kings/2012-13/worid-ranking Khoo h p c c h f n h tri - So 1/2013 doanh nghiep TrUfing v a n hdnh d y a trfin khung p h d p ly v d ty q u a n cDa ddi ngu gido sU c u a t r u d n g N h d nQdc giao n h i l u q u y i n -j^ljun thi'gi&i tu ChD hdn cho trQdng vd gidm sdt tQ xa thdng qua ed quan trung gian cung d p tdi trp vd ed quan kilm djnh ehd't lupng gido dye, Hdi ddng trudng gidm sdt hogt ddng cDa trudng Hfii ddng trQdng Id ed quan bao gdm phd hidu trufing, ede trUfing khoa vd cae thdnh viin khde dUpe b l u bfii dgi hdi ddng trUdng, vd cd quan sdt vifin cDa hdi sinh vien, cd quyin hgn thdo ludn vd thfing bdo cdc quy dinh, chlnh sach dupe hdi ddng d l xud't vd b l u hidu trudng Hidu trUfing Id ngudi dQng d i u trudng, nhUng cQng nhU ede trudng dgi hpc Anh qud'c khde, hidu trUfing chf cd ehQc vy danh nghTa NgQdi dQng d i u bd phdn dilu hdnh Id phd hidu trudng (VieeChancellor) ed nhidm ky keo ddi tdi da d i n ndm Dudi phd hidu trUfing Id phy td (ProVice-Chancellors) phy trdch cdc mdng cfing vigc, nhu gido vg, nghifin cQu, k l hogch vd ed sd vdt chat, phdt triln va ddi ngogi, nhdn sg'*' Oxford la mdt sd tt trQdng ed edch thQc qudn If dan chD ddc ddo Dgi hgc Oxford Id mdt vifin dgi hpc cd nhilu dOn vj vien, cd t h i xem nhQ la mpt lifin higp gdm 38 college vd halP Moi ddn vj vien cd quyen tg trj ve dilu hdnh, nhdn sg, d u true ndi bp NgUdi dQng d i u mpt trUdng cd nhieu ten gpi khde vdo moi trudng, nhU president, rector, master, dean Cdc khoa chuyfin ngdnh cDng ndm tap trung cd quan md khdng Id thudc vao bat kl mdt trufing nao Cae bd nidn td chUe nghien cQu, ho trp gidng dgy, td chQc eac budi thuyet trinh, hdi thdo, bifin sogn gido an Cdc trufing cd rat nhieu ngdnh hpc chuyfin mdn nhung moi trufing ed ehuyen ngdnh t h i mgnh eDa minh Cdc trudng vifin td '''The structure of the university, http://www.ox.ac uk/about_the_university/introducing_oxford/the_ structure_of_the_unlversity/i ndex.html '^' University of Oxford, Facts and Firure, http:// www,ox,ac.uk/about_the_university/facts_and_ figures/index.html ChQc hdi nghj cdc trufing d l thdo ludn edng vide vd gidi quylt cdc vd'n d l qudn If chung Cdc trudng eung tQ nhdn sinh vifin hd dgi hpc vd td ehUe dgy hpe, Hfi sau dgi hpc bd mdn phy trdch CO sfi vdt chd't phgc vy dgy vd hpc, ching hgn nhU thU vidn ed fi nhilu cd'p: cd thU vi§n tdng hpp trung tdm (Bodleian), thu vidn tdng hpp cua khoa, thU vidn tdng hpp cDa trUdng Nhin ehung, d l thUc hi|n thdnh cdng md hinh dgi hpe ed tfnh tg chD cao, Oxford da ddp Qng ddy dD cdc yfiu d u v l chit IQpng gidng dgy, nghiln cQu khoa hpc, ed sfi vdt ehd't, qudn trj tdi chlnh, tuyIn sinh, xdy dyng chUdng trinh hpc, thi cQ va d p bing Ngodi ra, vide tg ehu hogt ddng giup trudng ehu ddng tilp edn vdi nhu d u xd hd' d l xdy dgng quy md ddo tgo phu hpp Chd't lUpng d i u cDa trufing cung g i n liln vdi uy tfn va trdch nhifim cDa Oxford Mpt so' van de ve qudn trj dg) hpc fi Vidt Nam Trong qua trinh ddi mdi va phdt trien, gido dgc dgi hpc Vidt Nam da dgt dUpc nhilu k i t qua dang ghi nhdn Trong dd, trinh dd qudn trj cDa eae trUdng dgi hpc tQng budc dupc ndng cao, hinh thQc va quy mo ddo tgo dQpc da dgng hda; chUdng trinh, quy trinh dao tgo dUpc cdi tiln; hd thdng vdn bdn qudn ly giao dgc dgi hpc dupc hodn thifin hdn Tuy nhifin, cong tac qudn trj fi eac vidn, trudng dgi hoc v i n edn nhilu vUdng mic Cy the: (1) Md hinh qudn trj hifin tgi fi cdc trufing dgi hpc, cao d i n g v i n cdn nhieu bat cdp: eac trudng dp dgng rat nhilu bifin phap qudn trj trudng dgi hpc nhUng nhin Chung, ede bien phap ndy edn thifi'u ddng bd vd ehUa dgt higu qud cao ehua dUdc xdy dQng mdt edeh ed hfi thdng vd todn difin theo mdt md hinh qudn trj nhdt djnh; (2) Cd c h l tdi ehinh edn phg thudc rdt Idn vdo ngan sach dupc giao, chUa cd phuong an khd thi d l tdng eUdng tfnh tg chD va ndng eao, on djnh ngudn tai ehfnh dai hgn; dgc bidt, Khoa hpc chfnh trj - So 1/2013 9(hin fa thi'gi&i cac ngudn thu tQ hogt dpng nghien cQu khoa hQC Id ngudn tdi chfnh ehd't lupng vd gidu tiem nang nhUng ehUa dupe ehu y va phdt huy nhu cdc trudng dgi hpc Idn tren t h i gidi; (3) Chudng trinh hpe chgm d l i mdi,ehyaedp nhdt kjp thdi d l ddp Qng vdi nhu d u gido dgc dieu kidn hien tgi; chd't lUpng ddo tao chQa cao, chUdng trinh hpc cdn ndng ve ly thuye't, thifi'u tinh thye tien, ehUa khuyfi'n khfch khd ndng tlm tdi, tU hpc cDa sinh vifin ciing nhu ehUa tgo dilu k i e n d l sinh v i i n ren luyen cae ky ndng mem, Dieu ndy cung dnh hufing den uy tin va hogt ddng eua trUdng; (4) Dpi ngD gidng vifin ehua ddp Qng kjp yfiu cau mdi bdi ednh n i n kinh t l tri thQc va todn d u hda; (5) Vific qudn trj trufing dgi hpc chua chu trpng g i n kfi't md'i lien he giQa trufing dai hpe, doanh nghifip va edng ddng, cong tde nghien cQu khoa hpe g i n kfi't vdi thyc tien de Qng dyng vd ehuyen giao eong nghe, hpp tdc nghien cQu trfin phgm vi qudc giavd the gidi edn nhieu hgn ehe Bdi hpc kinh nghiem doi vdl d e trudng dai hpc fi Vigt Nam ThU nhat, xay dyng eac md hinh qudn tri trudng dgi hpe ey the, kha thi vd phD hpp vdi dieu kien cDa cdc trUfing dgi hpe d Viet Nam Trong dd, chu y tinh hieu qud eua viec dp dung md hinh qudn trj doanh nghiep vao qudn trj nhd trudng, cho phu hpp vdi cac dge diem cDa qudn trj dgi hpe va dieu kien cu the cua nude ta Cae ky thuat qudn trj doanh nghifip cd the phat huy hifiu q u i neu dupc dp dyng mfit each phu hpp cdng tac qudn trj mdt eO sfi gido dgc Nfin CO che dp Uu dai de thu hDt cdc ngudn vdn dau tu tQ xa hdi, ddc biet la tQ cae cyu sinh vifin cDa trudng de hd trp trudng v l mat tai chfnh Hon nQa, eae cyu sinh vien fi vai trd lanh dgo hogc ed vd'n eho trQdng eung Id mpt thuan Ipi d l |ihat huy Ipi the cDa cyu sinh vifin dd'i vdi viec hieu bifi't va qudn ^ lytrudng dgi hpc Ben egnh dd, md hinh xay dyng mdt dgi hpe trung tdm vdi cdc trufing Khoo hpc chfnh trj - So 1/2013 dgi hpc thdnh v i i n (Oxford) cung Id mdt hudng di phD hpp vdi xu the phdt triln eDa t h i gidi eung nhu didu kiln d Vidt Nam ThU hai, ddy mgnh ede hogt ddng nghifin cQu khoa hpc, phdt triln ngudn thu tQ nghiln cQu khoa hpe trfl ngudn thu ChD yeu ve mdt tdi chtnh Bfin cgnh hogt ddng gidng dgy, eac trQdng dgi hpe d n chu y ddy mgnh cdc hogt ddng nghifin cUu khoa hpe vd ehuyen giao Qng dgng cdng nghd nhilu hdn nQa Kinh nghigm qude te cho thdy, md hinh dgi hoc nghifin cQu cd i? nghTa vd eung quan trpng vige ddng gdp vdo sg phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi cDa cdc cd sd gido dge bae cao ndi rieng va cua quo'c gia ndi chung Bfii, hogt ddng nghien cQu Id hogt ddng sdng tgo, xdy dyng, nghifin cQu tim cae tri thQc mdi d l phyc vg cho xd hdi Chinh vl vay, ddy cung Id hoat ddng xQng dang nhan dupe ngudn ho trd nhieu nhat tQ ngdn sdeh; dong thfii, ed the trfi thdnh hogt ddng tgo ngudn thu trpng ye'u cDa trufing dgi hpc, dieu md cdc trudng dgi hpc fi Viet Nam van chUa that sQ mgnh dgn khai thde triet de, tQ dd tang cQfing tfnh tQ chD vd on djnh eDa eae trQdng dgi hpe ve mat tdi chfnh ddi hgn Ngoai ra, ben cgnh nguon ngdn sdch nhd nude ehi eho gido due, cdc trQdng can tang cUdng cae nguon tai chfnh khac tQ dja phUdng hoac cac to ehQc xa hpi, nghe nghiep de xdy dyng mdt ngudn tai chtnh Idu ddi, ehD ddng hogt ddng cDa trUdng ThU ba, ndng cao uy tfn cDa trUdng dgi hpc, ddm bdo chat lUdng ddo tgo gin vdi nhu d u xa hdi, nang eao chat lupng nghien cQu, day mgnh hdp tdc qudc te, nghifin cQu khoa hpe, trao ddi van hda, kinh nghifim vd ngodi nude Cg the, cac trudng can xdy dyng ehUdng trinh ddo tgo, cP che kiem tra va ddnh gia hpp ly, ddp Qng dQpc yfiu c l u ve dao tgo ngudn nhan lUe chat lupng cao cho xa hpi mdi trUdng kinh te tri thUe hign Hogt dong nghifin cQu vd ddo !^Chin thi'gtjSrl tgo eDa ede trufing dgi hpe d n g i n vfii hidu qud kinh t l vd nhu d u cDa doanh nghidp, dp dgng cdc chUdng trinh gidng dgy tifin tiln trfin t h i gidi d l ndng cao ehd't lupng gidng dgy, tdng eudng sQ tuong tde giQa doanh nghidp vd dja phUdng vdi nhd trudng d l giDp sinh vifin cd dilu ki^n tilp cdn vdl thge t l , rdn luydn ky ndng;tQdd, tranh thD sQ h6 trp cDa ede td chQe kinh t l , xd hdi ddnh cho trUdng ThU tu, c h l dd tuydn dgng/tuyln sinh ddi ngu nhdn sg/sinh vifin cDa trufing cung phdi dga trfin tdi ndng, phim chit vd ddnh gid trfin hidu qud cdng vide, g i n nghiln cQu vdi gidng dgy d l ddm bdo chit lUpng chuyfin mdn cDa trudng Chd't lupng ddi ngQ gidng vifin, nhd nghifin eUu Id y l u td quan trpng quyfi't dinh tryc tiep d i n chdt lUpng ddo tgo vd nghifin cUu cDa trUdng Do dd, qudn trj ed hidu qud ngudn nhdn lUc ddng gdp eho sU phdt triln cDa trudng ehinh la dau tU cho mot CO d u to ehQc hpp ly, hogt ddng cd hifiu qua, cd tdc ddng manh me dfi'n sQ vdn hanh eDa cd he thong hogt ddng cDa trUdng Song song dd, d n ehu y bdi dudng, phdt trien dpi ngu ehuyen gia ed trinh dd sau dgi hpe vd kinh nghifim nghiln eUu de phgc vg cfing tde chuyfin mdn vd bdi dudng nghidp vu, ky nang eho nhdm cdc nhd qudn ly d l nang cao hieu qud qudn tri nhd trudng ThU nim, ndng eao tfnh ty chD cDa trufing dgi hpc g i n vfii sg kilm sodt vd hd trp eDa Chfnh phD, Xu hudng trfin t h i gifii Id ed sy phdn d p qudn ly rd rang giQa Chfnh phD vd cdc trufing dgi hpc, trao quyin ty chD nhilu hdn cho cdc trudng dgi hpc trfin ed sfi ede trudng hogt ddng ddc Idp trgc tilp qudn ly mpi mdt v l tdi ehfnh, nhdn sg, tuyln sinh, xdy dgng chUOng trinh, cd sfi vdt chat nhung v i n cd sy gidm sdt vd hd trp tai ehinh eDa Chlnh phD Dilu giup eac trufing dgi hpc mfi rdng phgm vi de tg chD mpi hogt ddng cDa minh nhUng v i n ddm bdo ed sg kiem tra eua Chinh phD d l ddm bdo eae lpi fch v l mdt xd hdi cDa qudc gla vd edng ddn khdng bj tdn hgi; ddng thdl, kilm tra k i t qud hogt ddng cDa cdc trUfing d l ddm bdo ring, ban lanh dgo nhd trUfing cd dD khd ndng qudn ly, dilu hdnh cdc hogt ddng cDa trudng d l dgt dupe myc tifiu Bfin cgnh dd, ed d u hogt ddng eDa trUdng dgi hpe eOng d n xdc djnh cdc thdnh phin chfnh tham gia vd vai trd eDa cdc thdnh phin ndy (chQe ndng, nhi§m vg, quyin hgn cDg ban qudn tri chD tjch, hidu trufing, hdi ddng gidng v i i n , hdi ddng khoa hoc_).a T A I L I ^ U THAM K H A O Altbaeh, Philip G (2007), Peripheries and Centres: Research Universities in Developing Countries, Higher Education Management and Policy, Volume 19, N°2, pp 111-128 Hodng Vdn Kilm, Dai hqc sing tao: Md hinh phit triin giio dqc dai hqc tiin tiin thdi ky mdi, Dgi hgc Qudc gia Tp Ho Chf Minh, 2012 Kwiek Marek (2008), Accessibility and Equity, Market Forces and Entrepreneurship: Developments in Higher Education in Central and Eastern Europe, Higher Education management and Policy, Volume 20, No 1, Pp 89-110 Shailendra R Mehta (2012), The Secret of Harvard's Success 1995-2012 Project Syndicate Stephen W Director et al (2006), NhUng quan sit v4 giio dqc d$i hqc cic nginh Cdng ngh0 thdng tin, Ky thu$t Di$n • Di^n tO - Viin thdng vi V^t ly tqi mdt si trUdng dqi hqc Vi$t Nam, The National Academies The President and Fellows of Harvard College (2011), Harvard University Fact Book 2010-2011, The Office of Institutional Research The Times Higher Education (2012), World University Rankings 2012-2013, Thomson Reuters Khoa hpc chinh trj - So 1/2013 ... l Cdc cyu sinh vien Harvard da dgt dupe nhilu vj tri cao fTnh vye kinh t l - ehfnh tri - xd hpi Chang hgn, Barack Obama, Franklin D.Roosevelt, John F.Kennedy, George Walker Bush Id nhQng cyu... Higher Education (2012), V\/orldUniversity Rankings 2012-2013, Thomson Reuters http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/worlduniversity-ran kings/2012-13/worid-ranking Khoo h p c c h f n h tri - So 1/2013... Bdi hpc kinh nghiem doi vdl d e trudng dai hpc fi Vigt Nam ThU nhat, xay dyng eac md hinh qudn tri trudng dgi hpe ey the, kha thi vd phD hpp vdi dieu kien cDa cdc trUfing dgi hpe d Viet Nam Trong