NGHIEN CUU - TRAO B d l MNH NGHIEIVI QUfiC TE TRONG PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON VA KHA NANe A P D U N G CHO VIET NAM TS Vfi Trong Binh Cac tilp c^n phat triin ndng thdn tren the gidi 1.1 Phdt trien nong thon diea trin phdt triin nong nghi$p Tai nhilu nai tren thi gidi, ndng nghiep chidm vi trf chu dgo, la ca hgi, the mgnh ndng thdn, myc tieu chinh cda phat tridn ndng thdn la phat trien sdn xuat ndng nghiep de qua tang thu nhdp vd cai thien ddi sdng cho cu dan ndng thdn Theo tdc gia John Harriss, phat triln ndng nghiep, ndng thdn la nham sir dung hieu qua cac ngudn luc dk thuc day san xuat ndng nghiep tang trudng Quan Sd 10/2012 - niem da dua ddn sy cdng cua cudc "each mang xanh" va sy lac quan sau nhudng budc giai quydt cac vdn dl vl an ninh luang thyc thap ky 60 cua Ihl ky XX Nam 1961, Johnston va Mellor da phdn tfeh vd cho rdng ndng nghiep dong vai tro quan trgng cho sy phat triln thdng qua cung cap vdn, lao dgng, ngoai td, thuc pham va thi trudng cho cdng nghiep Kinh \h hd ndng dan bat dau dugc coi la dgng lyc cda phfit triln ndng nghiep, ndng thdn Hien nay, nhieu qudc gia dang de cao quan niem phdt trien ndng thdn de xay dyng nin ndng nghiep da dang, phat trien ndng thdn da chuc nang Ndng thdn ciia thdi dai "hau cdng nghiep" dam nhiem nhiJng chiic nang ma thdnh phd khdng dap iing dugc nhu: Bao ve va phat trien tdi nguyen thien nhidn, nhat la tdi nguyen rung, tdi nguyen ddt va nudc, tai nguyen da dang sinh hgc, khoang san; Bao ve va phat trien mdi trudng, bdo tdn va khai thac cdnh quan ty nhien, tri can bfing sinh thfii; Bfio tdn va phdt trien cac di san van hda truyin thdng cda cdc dan tgc, cda cac dia phuang; Gin giu- va khai thdc cfic gia tri van hoa vat thi va Tb6n9 tin KH-CN Nghd An |39| N G H I E N C O U - T R A O Bdl phi vat thi, cfic kiln thuc bfin dia, cde gia trj nhdn vdn vd tdi nguyen ngudi; Khai thfie cdc gifi tri, truyin thong Ijch sii 1.2 Phdt triin ndng thdn tdng h(rp Budc sang th§p k^I' 70 cua thi ky XX, nh^n thdy d mgt so nai, ndng nghifp phfit trien khdng tryc tiep dem Igi thu nhgp vfi ddi song cao cho cu dan ndng thdn, cdc chuang trinh phfit triln ndng thdn ddi nhdm tdng ndng sudt ndng nghifp vd tdng cudng cung cap nhu cau ca bfin cua ngudi dong thdi dya nhilu vdo sy can thiep vd chi dgo cda cfic chfnh phii Phfit trien ndng thdn tien sang cd ITnh vyc gifio due, y tl djch vy xd hdi vd xdy dyng ca sd hg tang nham phfit triln kinh tl ndi chung Thdnh cdng cua chiln luge ndy ldm xuat hifn mgt s6 nudc cdng nghiep mdi, thfinh cdng nhdt Id d Ddng A Luc ndy xudt hien khdi niem phfit trien ndng thdn tong hgp Theo Steven JafFee - Ngfin hdng Thi gidi, han chl cda cfic dy fin Id: Thiet kl hon hgp vdi tinh Iinh hogt hgn chl, viec lap kl hogch dugc giao cho cfip vung, khdng phu hgp vdi cdc khu vyc rgng ldn cd dieu kien va ndng lyc khdc nhau; Cdc ca quan vd nhd tdi trg dy an khdng dfip ung vdi cfic uu tien cua dja phuang, khdng tan dyng k$> ndng dja phuang, khdng tgo dugc tfnh ty chii hodc quan tdm d dja phuang viec tri Igi the Cdc dy dn ndy thudng cd trfich nhiem thdp doi vdi chinh quyIn vfi cdng d6ng dia phuang, sy phoi hgp da ngdnh khdng thi thyc hifn d dja S6 10/2012 phuang vfi khdng dugc cdng c6 d cfic cdp dja phugng 1.3 Phdt trien ndng thdn ihng ghip v&i gidm nghko Cung vdi xu thi phdt trien mgnh cua qufi Irlnh todn cdu hda, cdng nghifp hda, dd thj hda Ifi sy chenh Ifch, tyt h$u vfi ddi ngheo cda m$t s6 nhdm ngudi yeu thi, cdc vdng sfiu, vdng xa, th§m chf cd d quy md qu6c gia, nai xfiy chiln tranh vd thidn tai Budc vdo thgp ky 80 the k;^ XX, cdc nudc phdt trien thiic ddy ldn sdng ty hda thucmg mgi vdi hy vgng diing gidi phdp cua co chl thj trudng d l gidi quylt cdc vdn de kinh tl x3 hOi cda the gidi theo tinh than Dong thuan Washington Ngfin hfing the gidi vfi UNDP dua chiln luge phdt triln ndng thdn nhdm cdi thifn ddi song kinh tl x3 hpi cda ddn nghdo ndng thdn (Johnston vfi Clark, 1982) vdi ndi dung tap trung vdo cdc hoat dgng xda ddi gifim ngheo, gidm chdnh tfeh thu nhdp, tfing khfi ndng tilp can hdng hda vd djch vy Trong cac chuang trinh phdt trien ndng thdn cd sy tham gia vd quylt djnh nhilu han cua ngudi dan vfi t6 chiic cda hp Den cuoi nhiing ndm 90 thi ky XX, cfic ngi dung phdt trien ndng thdn ciia tiep c§n nfiy bdt dau phdt trien xu thi sinh ke bdn vQng (Sustainable livelihoods), dd bao g6m cfic myc tieu gifim ngheo, phfit triln bin v&ng sinh kl 1.4 Phdt triin nong thdn trin Cff s& dSl mdi the chi Npi dung phdt trien ndng thdn tilp cdn ndy Id qufi trinh phdn cdp qufin 1;^ mgnh han theo chieu dgc giQ'a trung uang vd dja phuang vfi ehilu ngang gi&a nhd nudc vd x3 hdi dfin sy, tu nhfin, cgng dong Nhilu nudc thfinh cdng nhung cung nhilu nudc that bgi chua xfiy dyng vfi xu Iy dirge cdc ca chl dilu ph6i cap vdng vd trung uang Hgu qud Id quy hogch bj xe ndt mat tfnh chdt cdp vdng, Idm cho tfnh cdt cu dja phuang tdng cao, nhilu nudc Ichdng thi tgo sy th6ng nhdt, tfnh tong thi d cap vdng qu6c gia, gdy su ldng phf ldn Vl sy phdn cap, phi t^p trung hda theo chieu ngang, kinh nghifm cho thay chi thdnh cdng neu cac nudc cd cfic to chuc dan sy, to chdc kinh tl chuyen nghidp ciia cpng dong, cua cdc tdc nhfin kinh te du mgnh dc ddn nhdn sy dy thdc cda nhd nudc Sir cdng viec dua djch vy cdng thfinh sfin pham djch vy kinh doanh cd kidm sofit d ndng thdn, dfi tgo tien dl phi tap trung hda rdt hieu qufi Phdt tridn cac thdnh phan tu nhan thdng qua cfic quy tfn dyng, h5 trg ky thudt, hd trg cdc doanh nghifp tre, doanh nghifp dau tdu doi mdi edng nghf qudn ly, sdn xuat, tilp c|n thj trudng, tgo viec lam, dd tgo dgng luc sdn xudt kinh doanh ndng thdn mpt cdch thudng xuydn, lien tyc 1.5 Phdt triin ndng thon theo vung lanh tho, mang tinh dia phuang Trudc tidn, phfit triln ndng thdn dja phuong lidn quan den tinh da dgng khu vuc (local diversity) Khu vyc ndng thon thudng cd rat nhilu diem tuang dong nhimg Igi khdng hofin todn giong vfi don^ nhat Thir hai, cdc vdn de ndng thdn rdng budc va tdc Thang tin KH-CN Ngh^ An |40i NGHICN C U U - TRAO odl dgng ldn nhau, vi the can phfii cd nhQ'ng bidn phap dc gifii bfii tofin cung nhu cdc tfic nhdn lien quan Vd each hifu qufi nhat Ifi mgt mdt phdi qudn Iy va phdt triln hifu qud d cdp trung gian gi&a cap qudc gia va cac viing, miln vd m$t khac ifi phat trien d cap Ifing, xd Lu^n diem thu ba gan vdi dgc thil dia phuang vd tinh chuyen dich khu vuc (local identification and mobilisation), nhat tri rdng cu dan dia phuang - bao gdm cfi ca nhfin vd cdc nhdm, t6 chdrc vd xt nghifp - Id nguon lyc quan trgng cho sy phat triln ndng thdn, cung nhu Id nguon thdng tin, y tudng, ndng lugng vd cfic doanh nghiep Tuy nhidn, nhQng nhfin td ndy se chi cd the hang hai tham gia nlu hg thdy rang viec mgo hilm van dl dfip ung dugc mdi quan tam cda hg va bdt ky sy ddng gdp ndo cda hp cung mang lai nhiing thay ddi tich eye Thd' tu, ngudi ta cdng ngdy cang quan tfim ddn cdi ggi la gid tri gia tdng cho ngudn lire dia phuang (adding valuable to local resources) dd dat dugc mpt tuang Igi an todn vd bin v&ng han cho su phdt triln kinh td chd" khdng phfii la mgt chien luge phu thudc qua miic vfio vdn va nguyen vat lifu nhap khdu (gid trj gia tang dia phuang thudng ddi hdi vao sy ddu tu ban ddu cua cfic nguon vdn bdn ngofii, vf du nhu EU) 1.6 Phdt triin nong thdn dua vdo CQn^ ddng Quan didm cda tiep can ndy Id lay cdng ddng lam dgng lyc phfit trien ndng nghifp gifi trj cao, chudi gifi trj vi ngudi ngheo, an ninh Sd 10/2012 M$t ngdi Idng mang vk d^p d9c ddo cua ndng Uidn Han Qudc luang thyc Tiep egn phat triln ndng thdn dya vfio cdng ddng dugc phfit triln trdn the gidi vdo nh&ng ndm 90 the ky XX, dugc su dung rpng rdi tir nam 2000 den nay, nhdt Id sau vu that bgi cda nhieu nudc thyc hifn cfic chuang trinh phfit trien ndng thdn dya trdn tiep can phat triln tong hgp Tiep can dc cao vai trd ciia cdng ddng, dua cOng ddng thuc sy la nhdn to quyet dinh chfnh cdc ndi dung phfit trien ndng thdn bao gom sfin xudt hg ndng dan, qufin Iy cdng ddng thdn bdn, quan Iy mdi trudng, tdi nguydn, qudn Iy xd hgi Tilp can cgng ddng thudng cho hieu qua cao cac chuang trinh dy dn, cd cpng ddng kiem sodt, thyc sy dem den Igi fch cho cu ddn ndng thdn, ft tham nhung Mac du vay, tilp c^n ndng thdn dya vdo cgng ddng cung khd su dyng d nh&ng he thong sfin xudt cap vung, lidn kit vung, he thdng hg tdng lidn vung, cdng co djch vy cdng, cfii tien hf thdng hanh chinh ca sd Kinh nghiem cda Han Quoc vfi mdt sd nudc chi rang chfnh sach phat tridn ndng thdn' tai Viet Nam nen theo hudng phdt huy vai trd cda phdt trien vdn xd hdi, tang cudng quan trj dia phuang, trao quydn tu chd cho cgng ddng vfi ca chd khen thudng thfinh cdng xay dyng ndng thdn mdi Phat tridn ndng thdn Hdn Qudc thdnh cdng chd ylu dya vfio hai yeu td: sy quylt tam chfnh tn cao, gan nhu tuyft ddi cda chfnh phd Hdn Quoc, sy phdi hgp nhjp nhang cda cdc bp nganh xung quanh Tdng thdng vfi cfic chinh sfich trao quyen, phdt huy tfnh tu chii, td chiic cdng dong thyc sy Id chd the xfiy dyng ndng thdn mdi NhQ'ng bai hpc cho Vidt Nam 2.1 Phdt trien nong thon m&i theo vitng, tdn sif da dang vung miin Trinh d^ phdt triln, dilu kien ty nhien,va xd hgi, thach Thdng tin KH-CN Ngh^ An 141) NGHIEN CUtI - TRAO B | thirc vdi sy phfit trien rat khdc gi&a cac vung miln, do cdn cd cfich tilp can phfit triln ndng thdn phii hgp, Kinh nghifm cho thdy khdng cd tiep cdn phdt triln ndng thdn nhat cho mgi vdng miln, dieu d$t van de Idm r8 quyIn ouylt djnh n0i dung phfit trien ndng thdn d cap quoc gia, vung miln, tinh, huyfn, x3 Cd nh&ng tinh cd the phdt triln ndng thdn dya vfio ndng nghifp, nhung tinh khdc thi cdn nhdn manh tilp can phfit triln ndng thdn gdn vdi gidm nghdo, hodc phfit triln ndng thdn gdn vdi qudn Iy tai nguyen va thi trudng Vi vgy khdng cd mgt tiep cfin xay dyng ndng thdn mdi cho cd nudc, ma can cd ylu to dja phuang tfnh tdi da dgng vung mien, dd cdn xdy dung chien luge, chuang trinh phat triln ndng thdn mdi theo vdng mien nam tong the chiln luge xay dyng ndng thdn mdi qudc gia 2.2 Cdc cdp dp khdc cua phdt triin ndng thdn Hien cd nhidu tranh luan ve vifc nen xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi d cap nfio (cap xa, cap huyfn, hay cap thdn bdn)? Tat cfi cdc tiep can phfit trien ndng thdn dugc xdy dyng va tridn khai deu khdng the thoa man mpi ddi hdi cda xdy dung ndng thdn mdi Do do, can sii dung nhidu tilp can phat triln ndng thdn xfiy dyng ndng thdn mdi, theo van de can gifii quylt d cdp nfio - Tiep can ndng thdn mdi tong hgp nen xdy dung d cap qudc gia va cap vimg, vi nd la ca sd de ket ndi giiia cac ITnh vyc, dam bao JU can ddi quoc t'5 / 2 - gia vd vdng, dd chi chd y cfic vdn dl Idn, xfiy dyng cfic nguydn tfic cho cdp thdp hon quyet djnh cy thi, cdc vdn dl qu6c gia, cdp vdng thi dl cdp qu6c gia dilu ph6i triln khai - cdp vdng, ndn cd chiln luge phdt trien ndng thdn vung, dfim bfio sy quy hogch th6ng nhdt, ddm bdo tfnh t6ng thi cda cfic hf thing djch vy cdng vl ddo tgo, y tl, gifio dye, ndng nghifp Ifim ca sd cho cfic cdp huyfn, xfi triln khai quy hogch, djnh hudng hogt dOng xfiy dyng ndng thdn mdi cda minh Sy dilu ph6i cap vdng can cd nguyen tdc cd tfnh bdt buOc, khdng dl cfic tinh, cfic huyfn, thgm chf cap xd ty quylt djnh Idm mat di tfnh tong the chung cda khdng gian kinh te, tang, mdi trudng, tdi nguydn, thuang mgi djch vy ciia tung vung Moi mgt vdng, can cd mpt Ban chi dao xfiy dyng ndng thdn mdi cda Chfnh phd dilu phdi, gidi quyet nh&ng van de cua vdng - Cap xd vd thdn bdn thi nen sir dyng tiep can cpng dong de hd trg dfin phfit trien sdn xuat, gidi quyet cdc van dl to chuc cOng d6ng, vdn hda xa hgi, an ninh chi'nh trj, hf thong chfnh trj ca sd Tgi cdp x3, cdn nghidn ciru hinh thu'c to chdc hf thong chfnh trj CO sd, vai trd hf th6ng djch vu cdng vdi ngudi dan, vai trd cua doan thi xfiy dyng ndng thdn mdi Vdi cac hogt d^ng kinh doanh, tiep can chuoi gid tri gdn vdi tung viing Idnh thi sd id tiep can chfnh dl tridn khai cac hoat dpng phfit triln ndng thdn mdi Moi mpt vung can c6 chien luge kinh doanh chd dgo, cd tinh den tofin cdu hda, d$c dilm dja phuong vl Igi thi cgnh tranh, cfi cfic ylu t l xd hOi Cd thi c6 ITnh vyc kinh t l mang tfnh cgnh tranh tgo gifi trj gia tdng cao, nhung cQng cd ITnh vyc dugc uu tidn vi tgo vifc Idm, hS trg ngudi ngheo hodc gidp bdo ton vfi qufin ly tdi nguydn 2.3 Vai trd c^ng ddng phdt triin ndng thdn Kinh nghifm cda Phfip, Hdn Quoc vd nhieu nudc eho thdy, tat cd cdc tilp cgn phdt trien ndng thdn, can cy thi hda cd tfnh phfip ly quyen quyet djnh, quy trinh tham gia quylt djnh cda cgng dong dfin cu xdy dyng ndng thdn Sy tham gia cda cdng dong khdng phdi Ifi sy ban on hay nhd vdo ldng tot cda I3nh dgo dia phuong, chd dy dn md Id quyen cd tfnh phfip li cda hg N I U cdc dja phuong, cac chd dy dn khdng thyc hifn thi vi phgm phap lugt Cgng dong ndn tham gia quy hogch tu dudi len, dugc ty chd quylt djnh, chi tieu tai chfnh xdy dyng hg tdng khu dan cu, thdn bdn, dugc quyIn quylt djnh cdc vdn dl tron§ phgm vi cpng ddng cfi ve td chiic Ngi lyc cgng dong chfnh la khd nfing tham gia cda cpng ddng gidi quyet cdc vdn d l cua hp, tinh din khfi nfing ty to chd-c, khd ndng quyet dinh tap thi, khfi ndng giam sdt, tao sy ndng dgng tiing thfinh vien nh&ng ylu td chinh Ifi vdn xd hOi- Ndi lyc cOng dong, khdng nen bi hidu sai chi dya tren su tham gia tai chfnh cda ngudi dfin, nhieu nai dd bdt dan ddng gdp qua Thang fin KH-CN Ngh$ An [421 NGHIEN ciiu-TRAOBdl nhieu xay dyng ndng thdn mdi, d l the hien nOi lyc cdng ddng noi dd cao Dilu quan trgng Ifi tgo sy ndng dpng thudng xuyen cua cgng ddng thdo lugn quyet dinh, td chdc triln khai cdc hdnh ddng t$p thi xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi, k l cfi khdng cd sy trg giiip cua Nhd nudc 2.4 Quan h$ giira ndng nghifp vd phdt triin ndng thdn Qua trinh phdt triln ndng thdn tgi noi dd thi hda vd cdng nghiep hda mgnh, ed su tuang tdc, dan xen cda qufi trinh dd thj hda ndng thdn, cdng nghiep hda va hifn dgi hda ndng nghiep, cpng ddng ddn cu ndng thdn cung se phdn hda thdnh epng dong dan cu cdng nhfin song d ndng thdn nhung Ifim d cfic nhd mdy cdng nghifp; cOng ddng ddn cu ldm dich vy thuang mgi; cdng ddng dan cu lam tilu thd cdng nghiep tgi mpt sd noi; cgng dong ddn cu ndng nghifp cd tinh chuyen nghifp Ngay d dd, kinh nghifm cdc nudc ddu thay, ndng nghiep van cd vi trf quan trgng ndng thdn, nhung dd Id nin ndng nghifp hifn dgi cd cdng nghf cao, qudn If chuydn nghiep, gfin bd ch^t che vdi thi qua cdc kenh nganh hang ngan Vi nhfin edng cd gifi cao, gifi tri ddt dai ldn, ^dn dd thi, vay chi cd the phdt triln ndng nghifp gia tri cao dya trdn cdng nghe va qufin li hien dgi Dfiy chi'nh ifi chiln luge phfit trien ndng nghiep d cdc vung ven dd, thj hda manh d Viet Nam ndn hpc tgp Can xac djnh rd vai trd ndng nghifp timg vung Sd 10/2012 kinh t l t&ng tinh, hf gia dinh d l cd n^i dung xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi phii hgp M6i mpt vdng, tinh, huyfn, xd ndn lya chpn nh&ng hf th6ng sdn xudt ndng nghidp uu tien, tu dd tap trung h5 trg nhd nudc vl khoa hgc cdng nghf, khuyen ndng, djch vy cdng cho nh&ng hf th6ng uu tien 2.5, Vai trd cda nien phdt triin ndng thon m&i Kinh nghifm cda Phfip vd mOt s6 nudc Id t§p trung vfio dfio tgo ho trg nidn cdc npi dung dli mdi nen ndng nghifp vd to chiic ndng thdn vl dd Id tang ldp ndng dpng nhdt Chdng ta cd the hgc tap, lya chgn nh&ng nhdm nidn tieu bieu tuTig dja phuang, td churc dfio tgo, hd trg tin dyng, khoa hpc cdng nghf de trd thdnh nhirng nhd tu van, qudn If dja phuong, chu trang trai vfi chd doanh nghifp qufin If chuydn nghiep hifn dgi, dp dyng cdng nghf mdi thfch hgp, xfiy dyng cfic to chiic kinh te ndng thdn mdi Nhung nidn nfiy se trd thdnh nhttng chu nhan tuong lai, Id chd thd xfiy dyng ndng thdn mdi cd tfnh nfing dgng 2.6 Vai trd cua to chuc chuyin ngki$p phdt trien ndng than d tat cd cfic nudc cd ndng thdn phdt tridn, ngudi ddn thuc sy ndng dgng phdt triln kinh t l vfi to churc xd h^i, diu cd cdc to chiic chuydn nghiep ndng dOng phfit triln ndng thdn Viec hinh thdnh cfic hgp tfic xfi, hif p hf i, nghifp dodn theo nganh nghi cho phep tgo cac cgng dong chuydn nghiep cd t6 ehu'c, cung xfiy dyng cac hfinh df ng tfip thi sfin xudt kinh doanh Sy Idn mgnh cda cfic to chdc nghe nghifp ddm nhifm cfic vdn d l qufin If tdi nguyen, dich vu cdng, quan If chat lugng ndng sdn, dai difn thuang mgi cho ndng dan, dgi difn cho ndng dan ddm phdn kinh doanh Nhd nudc cd the phi tap trung hda qudn If cda minh, qufin Ii tot hon ndng nghifp va ndng thdn, mau thuin x3 hf i ndng thdn gi&a cdc cgng d6ng ndng thdn dugc trao doi, thda thudn vfi gifii quylt gi&a hg vdi trgng tfii Id nhd nudc 2.7 Tinh ddng thuan xdy d^rng ndng thdn Khdng gian ndng thdn la dia bdn sdng, hoat ddng cda nhidu tdc nhdn nha nudc, tu nhdn, cpng ddng Do dd, mgi hoat dpng xdy dyng nong thdn diu tdc dpng tryc tiep hay gifin tilp din cdc tac nhdn ndng thdn Kinh nghiem nhieu nudc cho thay sy can thiet tgo khdng gian, dien dan ddi thogi gi&a cdc tac nhfin ndng thdn v l cdc ngi dung xfiy dyng ndng thdn de cfic tdc nhdn ndng thdn cd thd chia se, cd quyet djnh tap thi, edng hgp tfic xay dyng ndng thdn Sy ddng thuan xa hdi xay dyng ndng thdn Id ylu to cdn ban tgo sy ndng dpng, on djnh, hgp tfic xay dyng ndng thdn, dua xdy dyng ndng thdn khdng phdi chi Id cac dyfinmfi Ifi mot qua trinh lidn tyc Tgi Phfip, qua trinh doi thogi da ddn den cfic hgp dong xa hdi, cd trach nhiem gi&a cfic tac nhdn ndng thdn, theo cfic chd dl khdc nhau, trien khai cdc kd hoach phfit trien ndng thdn./ Thang fin KH-CN Ngh$ An 143] ... hda theo chieu ngang, kinh nghifm cho thay chi thdnh cdng neu cac nudc cd cfic to chuc dan sy, to chdc kinh tl chuyen nghidp ciia cpng dong, cua cdc tdc nhfin kinh te du mgnh dc ddn nhdn sy dy... ddn cdi ggi la gid tri gia tdng cho ngudn lire dia phuang (adding valuable to local resources) dd dat dugc mpt tuang Igi an todn vd bin v&ng han cho su phdt triln kinh td chd" khdng phfii la mgt... miln, do cdn cd cfich tilp can phfit triln ndng thdn phii hgp, Kinh nghifm cho thdy khdng cd tiep cdn phdt triln ndng thdn nhat cho mgi vdng miln, dieu d$t van de Idm r8 quyIn ouylt djnh n0i