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Tap chl KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thi Kim LiSn vi tgk VAN DVNG BAI TAP T H V C HANH REN LUYfiN NGHIEP V y SIT PHAM CHO SINH VIEN KHOA DIA THONG QUA MON LI LU^^N v A PHlTONG PHAP D^̂ Y HQC DIA LI N G[.]
Tap chl KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thi Kim LiSn vi tgk VAN DVNG BAI TAP T H V C HANH REN LUYfiN NGHIEP V y SIT PHAM CHO SINH VIEN KHOA DIA THONG QUA MON LI LU^^N v A PHlTONG PHAP D^^Y HQC DIA LI N G U Y E N T H I K I M LIEN', MAI TH| CHUY6N'" T M TAT Bdi tgp Ihirc hdnh (BTTH) Id mgi Irong nhimg gidi phdp ca bdn gdp phdn ren luy^n nghiep vu cho sinh vien (S]) cdc trudng su phgm Vgn dung hi?u qud BTTH qud Irinh dgy hgc Li lugn vd phuang phdp dgy hgc Dia li (LL vd PPDHDL) giup dot mdt phuemgphdp vd ndng cao chdl lugng dgy hgc Bdi viet de xudt cdc nguyen Idc vd quy Irinh cdn ludn thu vgn dgng he thong BTTH mdn LL vd PPDHDL, ddng thai neu vl du minh hga v'l^c van dung mgl BTTH eg the nhdm ndng cao ndng lire nghiep vu sit phgm ch SVKhoa Dia li Tir khda: li lugn va phucmg phdp day hpc dja li, bdi tap thyc hdnh ABSTRACT Applying practical exercises of professional training into Geography teaching theories and methodology to geography teacher students The system of practical exercises is one of Ihe basic solutions lo cultivate professional skills for teacher sludenls in colleges of pedagogy Effective application of this system into Ihe course of teaching and studying Geography teaching Theories and Methodology will help innovate Geography teaching methods and, as the result, improve educational quality This article suggests the principles and procedures that need lo be followed when applying the practical training system into the subject Geography leaching Theories and Methodology The article also provides an illustration of using a specific practical exercise into Geography teaching Theories and Methodology lo develop professional skills for teacher sludenls of Geography Faculty Keywords: Geography teaching theories and methodology, practical exercises Gidi thifu Vdi quy dinh "Ddi vdi nhung hpc phdn li thuyit hoac thue hanh, thi nghifm, dl tilp thu dupe mpt tin chi, sinh vien phdi ddnh it nhdt 30 gid chudn bi cd nhdn" [7], vide xdy dung va van dung he thing bai tap thyc hdnh qud trinh day hpc - ho trp cho SV hpc tai ldp va tu hpc - d cac trudng dai hpc cd thi ndi Id ThS, Trudng Bai hpc Su phgm TPHCM, "ThS, Trudng THPT Long Thdnh, huyen Long Thdnh, tinh Dong Nai mpt yeu bdt bupc ddng thdi la mdt nhttng dilu kifn tien quyet giup gidng vidn (GV) hodn vai trd, myc tieu, nhifm vy, su mgng cua minh ddo tgo theo hpe chl tin chi Mdn LL vd PPDHDL Trudng Dgi hoc Su pham Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (DHSP TPHCM) khdng ndm ngodi quy dinh dy Xay dyng vd van dyng dupc he thdng BTTH hifu qud, gdp phdn ddp ung myc t i j y „ § „ (,pc, chudn ddu cua Khoa Dia |j^ ^^^^ j , , ' ^ ; , | , ^ j j , ; ^ ^ j ^ „ j , ^ g ; cdch 85 Tgp chl KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM linh hogt cae quan diim dgy hpc tilp cdn hogt dpng vd tiep cgn thye tiln, nhihig quan diim rdi tidn lien dgy hpc hifn dgi Trong khudn khd gidi hgn cua m^t bdi bdo, chdng tdi tfp trung phdn tich vd chung minh mpt so bifn phdp nhdm nang eao chdt lupng vdn dyng bdi tgp thyc hdnh ren luyfn kT ndng su phgm Dja li cho sinh vien qud trinh dgy hpc mdn LLvd PPDHDL 2, Npi dung 2.1 Khdi nl^m "Bdi ldp thirc hdnh mdn LI tudn vd phirang phdp dgy hgc Id nhirng nhl^m vg Ihicc hdnh gidng vien ddt cho SV sir phgm Dia li thirc hi^n qud trinh hgc tdp mdn LL vd PPDHDL: dugc trinh bdy dual dgng cdu hdl hodc yeu cdu hogl ddng tgo dieu kl4n cho SV luy^n tgp nhdm nhdn thirc, cung cd, ddo sdu hi thdng Iri thirc da hgc: vgn dgng linh hogt cdc Iri Ihuc vdo cdc tinh hudng day hgc Dia li; ren luyen, phdi trien kT ndng, kT xdo su phgm dia 11 vd nhirng phdm chdl nhdn cdch cdn thiet cho nguai gido vien Dla li luang lai' [5], 2.2 .Mgl so nguyen tdc vgn ditng hf thdng BTTH qud Irinh dgy hgc mdn LL vd PPDHDL 2.2.1 Ddm bdo mdi quan /jf bi^n chimg giira vifc Id chirc cho SV ndm vimg II thuyet vd hogt dgng gidi BTTH Su dyng Bl TH qua trinh day hpc mdn LL vd PPDHDL dupe xem nhu mpt bien phdp gdn li thuyet vdi thyc hanh; dd qua trinh td chuc, hudng dan SV gidi cac BTTH gdn bd ehdt ehe vdi qua trinh cung cap li thuyit He thdng tri thiic li thuyit mdn LL vd PPDHDL la ,3U jr nun nin tdng Id tiln dl cua vifc rdn luyfn kl ndng su phgm dja li, ki ndng vgn dyng li thuyet vdo vifc gidi quyet cdc van de thyc tien BTTH thudng la khdu thu hai qud trinh dgy hpc LL va PPDHDL, sau dd trang bj cho SV ndm vttng kiln thde li thuyet Chi sau ndm chdc kiln thue li thuyit, SV mdi gidi BTTH mpt cdch hifu qud Tuy nhien, cung co trudng hpp GV to chuc cho SV ndm kiln thue li thuyit thdng qua vifc gidi eac BTTH Uti cdch ndo di ntta, ndm vttng kiln thue li thuyit van Id myc dich toi quan trpng song song vdi \ iec ren luyfn kl ndng dgy hpc LL vd PPDHDL Do dd, ddm bdo mdi quan hf bifn ehiing gitta vifc td chuc eho S\' ndm vttng kiln thue li thuyet vd hogt dpng gidi bdi tdp la nguydn tdc dau tien can tuan thu 2.2.2 Lira chgn BTTH vd lua chgn cdch Ihirc Id chirc cho SV Ihuc hifn BTTH phii hap vdi muc lieu, nhifm vu ngi dung chirang, muc LL vd PPDHDL, vol thai gian dieu kiin dgy hoc cu the vd vdi Irinh dg cda SV Moi chuang, myc LL vd PPDHDL the hifn muc dp yeu cdu vd kien thue kT ndng, thai dp ma S\' cdn dat khde nhau, ddng thdi cung bao hdm nhttng ndi dung khoa hpc cu the, nhdt dinh \'i \a\ viec lya chpn logi, dgng, sd luong bdi thue hanh va hinh thue to chuc phdi cdn cii \ao myc tieu, nhifm \u ndi dtmg tung chuang, tung muc cu thd Sd lupng va yeu cau cua mdi bdi tap cdn phu thupc vdo quy thdi gian ty hpc va cdc dieu kien thye tl khac, dam bao SV cd the hoan thdnh eac BTTH, tranh trudng hpp qua tdi Cd nhflng bai tap bat bupc, nhung bai Tap chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM tap khuyen khich, thdm chi co nhQ-ng bdi tap chi dupc neu ten, cho SV cd y ni?m, khdng yeu cau gidi Dong thdi cung phdi cdn cu vdo ddc diem, Irinh nhgn thiic eiia SV de van dyng cdc BTTH lir dC den kho, tir don gidn den phuc tgp, tir thap ddn eao, tir ehua thdnh thgo den thdnh thao 2.2.3 Thdng nhdt viec van diing BTTH vai doi mdi phirang phdp vd hinh thue to chiic day hoc Ban than khdi ni?m BTTH \a \ice xay dyng BTTH dd phan dnh vi?c doi mdi PPDH \a hinh thue td chuc dgy hpc: phan dnh dinh hudng bdi dudng ndng lyc ty hpe, tu nghien curu; tgo di^u ki?n cho SV phdt trien tu sang tgo, ren luyen kl ndng thyc hanh kT ndng nghe nghiep Nhu vdy dua BTTH vao qua trinh day hpc, can dp dyng ede phuang phdp (PP) \a hinh thue td ehire dgy hpe phdt huy cao dp tinh tieh cue ddc lap, chii ddng, sdng tao eiia SV Gidng vien khdng truyen thy mot chieu ma td chuc eho SV ty tim tdi, kham phd, den vdi kien thire, kT ndng bang nd lye eiia ehinh minh Viee day hpc nhu vay chinh Id dgy hpe hoat ddng vd bang hoat dpng, thdng qua ehinh eac hoat ddng tieh eye ciia SV Ro rang rdng viee van dung BTTH dgy hpe mdn LL vd PPDHDL ldm thay ddi PPDH, hinh thue to chuc ldp hpc eiia GV vd PP hpc ciia SV, dd la muc dich ma nen giao dye eiia ehung ta dang hudng den 2.2.4 Thong nhdt viec van dung BTTH phdi thong nhdt voi viec doi moi PP kiem tra ddnh gid kit qud hoc tap mon LL vd PPDHDL cua SV Nguyin Thi Kim Lien vd tgk Can ddnh gid theo hudng chu trpng mdt kT ndng vd tu diiy sdng tao ciia ngudi hpe Dam bdo vi^c kiem tra danh gid qud trinh vd kiem' tra ddnh gid t6ng th^ Cy the, can ki^m tra ddnh gid k^t qud hpc tap hpc phan theo mdt: chuyen can, kSt qua eac bdi chudn bj thdo ludn li thuyet vd giai BTTH ren luy^n kT ndng sudt qud trinh day hpc; thi het hpe phdn theo quy eh^ d mire dp van dung kT nang Trong do, doi mdi de thi het hpc phdn la het sire quan trpng Hinh thue van dap nen hi lua chpn uu tien cho thi h6t hpe phdn, vd bp de thi van ddp nen uu tien de thi cd khd ndng ddnh gia kT nang su pham dia li ma SV da dupc ren luyen sudt qud trinh hpe tap mdn hpe Quy trinh van dyng he thong BTTH day hpc mon LL vd PPDHDL 3.L Dinh hudng lua chpn logi BTTH mon LL vd PPDHDL sd dung tirng bdi hpc cu the Can cu- vdo mue tieu, npi dung, ke hogeh dgy hpe eua timg chuong, mue vd thdi gian quy djnh ma lya chpn logi BTTH phii hpp Can giai quyet dupc cae cau hoi: Can dua logi bdi tap gi? Dua d muc ndo? Vdi myc dich gi mdi ed tdc dung that sy? Thyc hien tot giai doan ndy se tap trung dupe no lye, y chi, tri tue cho boat ddng ren luyen kT nang nham dat dupe ket qua mong mudn Giai doan ed the gdm cac budc sau: dau lien la xac dinh mye tieu hpe tap timg bdi hpc nham dinh hudng hogt ddng day hpc va viec van dyng cdc BTTH; tiep den la xay dung npi dung co ban ciia ciia bai hpc; ke tiep la dinh hudng logi bai tap can sir 87 T9P chl KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM dyng nhdm rdn luyfn cdc kT ndng tuong ling; cull cdng Id IJp ke hogeh dgy hpc cho tung bdi hpc cy the nhdm su dyng hf thong BTTH m^t cdch hifu qua nhdt (bao gom vifc ldp kl hogeh dgy hpc eua OV vd vifc hudng ddn cho SV ty \ip ke hogeh d ldp, dnhd , ) 3.2 To chic hogl d^ng dgy hgc sir dfing B TTH mdn LL va PPDHDL d ldp Khdu 1: Td chuc hogt dgng dgy hgc phdn li ihiiyel Myc dich trang bj cho SV hf th6ng li thuyit CO bdn nhdt, cd dpng nhdt, lam cdng cy de SV gidi quyet cdc BTTH Can thiet bd sung eho SV cdc tdi lifu tham khdo ty nghidn euu d nhd trudc nhdm sdng td ban phan li thuydt, dong thdi tudng minh hon phan vgn dyng li thuyit vdo thye tidn Vi vay, theo npi dung CO ban timg bdi hpc, cd nhttng vdn dd GV trinh bdy tryc tidp mpt cdch logic, hf thdng theo hudng tich cyc hda hoat dpng nhgn thue cua IIS; cd nhttng vdn de GV ddt \a hudng ddn cho SV ty nghidn ciiu, tu giai quyet nhdm danh nhidu thdi gian eho vice gidi bdi tgp, cd thd thyc hifn theo cae budc sau: Budc I: D I cdc van dl hpc tgp; Budc 2: Chuydn giao edc van dl hpc tgp cho SV ty nghidn eiiu; Budc 3: Td chuc cho SV trinh bay, thao ludn nhdm dudi sy hudng dan cua Ci\'; Budc 4: GV tong kit, nhgn xet, danh gid, riit kinh nghiem Khdu To chirc hogt dgng dgy hgc phdn Ihuc hdnh ren luyfn kT ndng sir pham Dia li Day Id khdu quan trpng nhdt qud trinh van dyng hf thong BTTH mdn LL vd PPDHDL Cdn cu vdo cdc co sd II lugn vl rdn luyfn kl ndng, cdn cu vdo nguydn tdc su dyng BTTH, cd thi thill kl khdu ndy theo cdc budc sau: Bu&c I: Lifa chgn dgng BTTH cu thi, diin hinh di id chirc qua Irinh ren luyfn kT ndng Birac 2: GV huong ddn cho SV ve ingc dich, cdch thirc, dieu klfn gidi quyet cdc logi BTTH ren luyfn cdc kT ndng su phgm tuang img Buac 3: CV gidi mdu ho0c hudng dan cdc SV gidi gidi mdu cdc BTTH SV quan sdt vd ldm thu iheo mdu dudi su huong ddn cua GV Buac SV luyfn lap gidi BTTH theo mdu de ren luyfn kT ndng su phgm Dia II 3.3 Td chic cho SV tu- giii cdc BTTH nhim ren luyfn vd hodn thifn ki nang sir phgm dja It Cde kT ndng su phgm Dja li phai dupc ren luyfn thudng \u\en lidn tyc mpi luc, mpi nai: qua trinh hpe tgp tren Idp, ty hpc d nhd, hogt ddng ngoai khda vd thyc tgp su phgm Ydu td quan trpng nhat eua luyfn tap ndy Id nd lyc ciia ban thdn \'i \ay cdn phdi hinh thdnh va phdt tridn d S\' dpng co vd PP ty hpc, tu ren luven kT ndng Bdi tgp dupe giap ve nhd cho SV cdn dupc xem la nhung thdnh phdn khdng the thieu eua vifc dgy hpc trdn ldp 3.4 Kiem tra ddnh gid kit qua giai BTTH mdn LL vd PPDHDL Trdn quan didm kidm tra qua trinh vd kidm tra tdng the, giai dogn dupc thyc hifn theo tidn trinh sau: T9P chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Kiem tra danh gid kk qua gidi quyet BTTH sau mdi giai dogn nhat djnh (chdng hgn kiem tra giQ-a hpc phan) Kiem tra, ddnh gid ket qua gidi quyet BTTH eung chinh la muc dp bieu hien kT ndng sau hodn tat ehuang trinh (thi h^t mdn) Hudng ddn SV ty kiem tra ddnh gid k6t qud gidi quy^t BTTH theo nhom, ldp hodc cd nhan Van de kiem tra ddnh gid chii yeu nhdm xdc dinh mire dp dat dupc ciia cdc BTTH, phdt hien nhung sal sot kjp thdi de sira chiia bd sung nhdm hoan thi?n kT ndng ddng thdi phan tieh nguyen nhan ciia nhimg t6n tgi nham tim bien phap khde phye de dgt hieu qud cao nhdt Vi du minh hoa viec van dung he thSng BTTH mdn LL va PPDHDL Do khudn khd gidi ban eua bdi bdo, chiing tdi chi minh hpa mdt bdi tap the hien ddy dii cac ede giai doan cua quy trinh van dyng he th6ng BTTH mon LL vd PPDHDL, nhung tap trung phdn tich ehii yeu giai dogn giai doan quan trpng nhat quy trinh van dung he thdng BTTH mdn LL vd PPDHDL Bai tap (Chuang VII) Thyc hdnh nhom nho (3 SV): Moi nhom ty chpn ndi dung SGK Dia 10, 11, hoac 12 minh hpa cho mot PP dgy hpc Dja li (dupc chi dinh, hoac bde tham; thdi gian trinh bay: - phiit) Giai dogn 1: Xdc dinh mue tieu hoe tap bdi hpe nhdm dinh hudng hogt dpng dgy hpc vd viec sir dung BTTH Tren eo sd muc tieu hpc tap chu yeu eua Chuang VII, Phdn biet duac sir khde co bdn giica cde nhom PP dgy Nguyen Thj Kim Lien vd tgk hpc vd dgc trung rieng eua tirng PP moi nhom biit lira chpn nhom PP phu hpp cho timg npi dung dgy hpc Dja li cii the, chung tdi lya chpn BTTH trgn nhdm giiip SV, todn bp qud trinh thyc hi?n bdi tgp phdn bipt dupc ddc trung CO ban ciia timg PPDH Dia li, ddng thdi budc dau biet lya chpn npi dung dl the hi^n cho timg PP Giai dogn 2: To chdc hogt dpng dgy hpe van dung BTTH mon LL vd PPDHDL theo cde logi hinh tiet hpe tren lop Khdu 1: To ehire hogt dpng dgy phdn tri thue li thuyet Yeu cdu SV ty nghien euu (cd nhdn) trudc Chuang VII giao trinh Li ludn day hpe Dia li, tim hieu trudc cde van de '"Qua trinh day hpe nhd trudng phd thdng Cae PP day hpe Dia li Mdt sd PP dgy hpc Dja li" va bien sogn thdnh de cuang, sau GV cung cap eho SV de cuang bdi giang de SV doi chieu vdi phan minh da bien soan vd dieu ehinh lai To chuc eho SV trao doi, thdo ludn trude ldp, dac biet thao ludn sdu dae trung eo bdn eua timg nhom PPDH Dia li, cung nhu ddc trung co ban cua timg PP moi nhom vi BTTH ren luyen kT nang su pham Dia li dupc xay dung tap trung d phan ndy Sau dd GV tdng ket, nhdn xet, ddnh gid, nit kinh nghiem; dac biet hudng ddn SV ty phdn biet uu nhupc diem ciia nhom PP day hpc dia li diing Idi truyen thong va nhdm PP hudng ddn HS tieh cyc, chii dpng khai thde tri thiic dia li tir cac phuang lien true quan Trong nhdm PP diing ldi, phdn biet dae trung eo T3P chl KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM ban cua edc loiii PP ddm thogi: ddm thogi vdn ddp, dam thogi gpi md, ddm thogi ndu vdn de, sy khde gitta PP ddm thogi neu vdn dl vd PP dgy hpe neu van dl bdi ddy Id nhttng vdn dc SV thudng nhdm lan Trong nhdm PP hudng dan I IS khai thde tri thue tu cac phuong tifn tryc quan, phdn tieh kl PP hudng dan IIS khai thde tri thue tu bdn vi ddy Id PP rat quan trpng, ddc trimg cua mdn Dja II Nhdn mgnh cho SV tdm quan trpng cua vifc dat edu hdi vl cdu hdi cd m$t hdu hit cac PP, du la truyen thong hay idy IIS Idm trung tdm Sau dd ddt cdu hdi cho SV suy nghT them: npi dung quy djnh PP hay ngupe lai Khdu 2: Td chuc hogl dgng day hgc phdn BTTH Chpn dang BTTH ren luyfn kl ndng su phgm Dja li nhu da ndu trdn: chia nhdm SV, mdi nhdm dupc chi djnh (bode bdc tham) mpt PP hf thdng PPDH Dja li da dupc nghien ciiu \a thdo luan tai ldp Cde nhdm chi biet'PP cua nhdm minh, khdng dupe biet PP cua cac nhdm khac (dieu ndy ndm chu djnh cua GV, se dupc phan tieh dudi day) Hudng ddn cho SV myc dich, cdch thue, didu kien de gidi BTIIl: Yeu cau SV dpe Igi phan li thuyet PP minh dupc phdn cdng gido trinh, de cuong tdm tdt vd tdi lifu tham khao GV cung cap them (nhung bdi bdo «ua mdt so PPDH Dja li cy thi, ed nhflng vi dy minh hpa rdt cy the), sau chpn mdt don vj kien thue mpt bai eu the cua SGK Dja li THP (chpn mpt ba ldp 10, 11, 12), chdng ban mpt khdi niem, mpt mdi quan hf nhdn qud Phdi lya chpn 90 sS 39 ndm 2012 n