s(51 2013 DayvaHpc Qua trlnh tiT hgc va phifGrng phap day tir hpc cho sinh vien ThS Dl/C(NG THI THANH HUYEN TrQdng Dgi hpe Nha Trang 1 MS DAU Trong thdi dgi ma khoa hoe kT thual phat Inen nhanh ehdng[.]
s(51-2013 DayvaHpc Qua trlnh tiT hgc va phifGrng phap day tir hpc cho sinh vien ThS Dl/C(NG THI THANH HUYEN TrQdng Dgi hpe Nha Trang MS DAU Trong thdi dgi ma khoa hoe kT thual phat Inen nhanh ehdng nhU hien nay, nha Irudng dD td't den may eung khong Ihe dap Qng hel nhu cau hpc tap cua ngUdi hpe eung nhu ddi hdi cang cao cua ddi song xa hpi Vi vay, bdi dudng nang iQc tU hpc cho sinh vien (SV) la mdt cong viee ed vi tri cpc ki quan Irpng c i e nha Irudng dai hpc Chi cd lp hpc, tU bdi d i p tn thDc bing nhilu dudng, nhieu each IhDc khie moi SV mdi cd the bD dap dupc nhDng thieu khuyet ve Iri IhQe khoa hoe ve ddi sdng x i hoi TD cd duoc su tu tin cuoe sdng, cdng viec bdi ning lpc todn dien cua mlnh Van de tu hoc dao tgo cua ngudi hoc da duoe Dang, Nha nude quan lam quan tnel s i u sae ID nhieu nam qua, Nghj quyet Trung UOng V khda IDng neu rd:" Tap (rung sdc nang cao chat Idpng day vi hpc, tao nang Ipc td hgc, sang tao cua hgc smh, Bao dam mpi dieu kien va thdi gian td hgc cho hgc sinh, phat tnen manh me phong trao td hgc, dao tgo thddng xuyen va rpng khip toan dan" Tren tinh than ay, rd rang Dang ta da coi tu hoc, lu dao tgo la van de mau chot cd vi Iri cpc ki quan Irgng chien luoc giao due - dao tao cua da't nudc Trong khudn khd b i o cao chung loi muon tap trung de cap nhDng van de lien quan den khai nigm hoc, ndi dung hoai ddng tu hoc, cac hlnh IhDe dgy lu hoc, die biel la quan tam den cie bien phip ren luyen kTning tu hoc cho SV- De IQ dd thuc day qua trinh ren luyen kTnang lp hoc cho SV, gop phan vao cong cudc ddi mdi phuong phap day hoc, khdng ngQng ndng eao chal luong dao lao cua nha trudng NOI DUNG Trudc hel can xie dinh ro khai mem tU hoc la gl? Vi tri cua hogl dong lu hoc doi vdi qua Irinh hoc lap nghien cDu cua moi ngudi sao? Noi dung phuang phap lp hge bao gdm nhDng van de nao'' Day l i nhDng van de ma cac nha nghien cDu giao due da day cdng nghien oDu ID lau Tuy nhien, can nhan IhQc mdt dieu ring sp chi phdl cua d i l u kien lich sD m i viec v i n dyng nhDng tn thDc cung nhU phuong phap dgy hpc iDng giai dogn can co sp khdo Nhat Id d xa hdi hien tgi, ma thdng tin Iri IhQe khoa hoc bung n l trdn ngdp tren cac phuong tien thdng lin dgi chung, ngQdi hpc rat kho dinh hudng vi§c lua chgn tiep can tn thQc thl vai trd hudng dan cua ngudi Ihay la rat can Ihilt KHAI NIEM T L ; HOC a Tuhpcligi? Trong lap bai giang ehuyen de Day td hgc cho SV eae nha trudng trung hge ehuyen nghiep vi Cao dang D a / f t p c G S - T S K H Thai Duy Tuyen viet "Tphpc la hoat dpng dpc lap ehiem ITnh kiin thdc, kTnang, kixio, la td mmh ddng nao, suy nghT, sd dung cae nang Ipc irl tue (quan sit, so sanh, phan tich, tdng hdp-)cOng cic pham chat dong cd, tinh cam de chiem ITnh tri thdc mdt ITnh vpc hiiu biit nio hay nhdng kinh nghiem ijch sO, xa hdl cua nhan loai, biin nd sd hdu eda chinh ban than ngddl hge" Tae g i i Nguyin Ky d Tgp chf Nghien cDu giao dye sd 7/ 1998 eung ban ve khai niem hpe "Tp hgc li ngUdi hoc tieh epe chu ddng, td minh tim tn thde kmh nghidm bing hanh ddng cua minh, td the hien minh Tp hgc la dit minh vao tinh huong hgc, vao vi tri nghien cdu, xd II cic tinh hudng, giai quyet cac van de, thd nghiem cic giai phip-Tp hgc thupc qui trinh ci nhan hda viec hoc' Trong bdi phat bieu lai hoi thao Ning cao chat Idpng day hpc to ehDc vdo thing 11 nam 2005 tgi Dai hpc Hul, GS Tran PhUOng cho rdng: " Hgc bao gid va Idc nio cung chu yiu li hgc, tde ti bien kien thde khoa hoc tich Idy td nhieu the he cua nhin loai thinh kiin thdc cua minh, cai tao td cua minh vi ren luyen chg mlnh kf nang thpc hanh nhdng tn thde a'y" TQ nhDng quan mem tren day cd t h l nhdn Ihly ring, khii mem tu hoc ludn di cDng, g i n bd chdt ehe vdi khai mem t i / than Tri IhQe, kmh nghiem, kT nang cua mdi ca nhan ehl dupc hlnh thdnh b i n vDng vd p h i i huy hieu qua Ihdng qua eae hoai ddng thdn ay D l eo dupe, dgt tdi sp hodn thien thi moi SV phai thdn tilp nhan In thDc ID nhilu nguln; Tu t h i n rdn luydn cde kT nang; Tp than boi duSng tam hon cDa minh d mpl ndi mpi IDe b Vj tri vai trd eiJa bpc Tp hgc la myc tieu cd ban eua qud trlnh dgy hpc TD lau cae nhd su phgm dd nhan thQe ro y nghla cCia Dt^ijyiHpC s6^•20^3 phuong phap day hpc Trong qua trlnh boat ddng dgy hpc (DH) giang vien (GV) khdng ehl dQng lgi d viec truyen thy nhQng tri thQe ed s i n , chl can ydu cau SV ghi nhd md quan trpng hPn Id phdi dmh hQdng, to chQc cho SV tQ mlnh kham phd nhQng qui ludt, thude tinh mdi cQa eac vdn de khoa hpe GiDp SV khong chl n l m bdt dupc tri thQc ma cdn bilt each tim den nhQng tn IhDe ay Thpc lien eung nhu phUdng phdp dgy hpe hidn dgi cdn xdc dmh rd' cdng hpe Idn cao thi hpc eang can dupe eoi trpng, ndi tdi phuong phdp day hoc thi edl ioi chfnh la day lp hpe Phuong phap tu hoc Id c l u noi giDa hoc lap va nghien cQu khoa hgc Bdi vl SV dai hpc khdng phai l i nhQng hoe smh d p bon Hp c l n cd thdi quen nghien cQu khoa hoe, m i d l cd dupe thdi quen ay thl khong the khdng Ihong qua dQdng hpc Mudn cong tren bQdc dudng hpe tap va nghien cQu Ihi phai cd k h i nang phdt hidn va giai quyet nhDng van de ma cudc sdng, khoa hoc ddt SV hoc nhu the ndo de cd hieu qua Ihiet thpe la mdt v l n d_e hoan toan khdng don gian Ngoai viec lim hieu khai mem, nhDng van de lien quan den ddng cO, Ihdi quen hoc tap cda SV Ihl moi GV rat can den qua trinh nghien cDu nham lim ndi dung eO ban, cdc phUOng edeh tdi uu ren luyen phuong phip hpc eho SV DSc biet Id viec nhan didn xem nhDng phUdng phip dd ngodi sp thich Qng chung cho mpi SV cd d i p Qng dupc eho IQng nhdm doi tuong Irong nhQng giai dogn va dilu kien, hodn canh khac sudt qua trinh dao tgo hay khong De d i p Qng yeu c l u neu Iren can x i c dinh ro nhDng yeu eau co ban cua hoat ddng tu hpc nhU' ndi dung cua hoai dong tu hoc gdm may van de, de liep c i n nd phii luan thu theo qui Irinh nao, dieu kien de ap dyng cd hieu qua c i c yeu eau ID dd x i y dpng nhDng bifin phip day hoc tfch eUc tUOng Dng Vdl lal ea cac ITnh vpe khoa hoc, viec day lp hoc cd BOI dudng ndng lUc tQ hoc la phuong cich lot nhal de nhQng diem ehung, thong nhat ve eieh IhQc eung nhu tgo dpng Ipc mgnh me cho q u i Irinh hpc tap phuang phip Dd la nhQng v l n d l dupe x i e dinh nhu sau' Mot nhDng pham eha'l quan trpng cua mdi c i nhin la tfnh tfch cpc, sp chD dong sdng tgo mpi" a/ Xay dpng dong cd hgc tap hoan canh.Vd, mOt Irong nhDng nhiem vu quan Khoi goi hDng IhD hpc lap de Iren co sd dd y thQc Id't eua giao due Id hinh Ihanh pham ehal dd cho ngudi hoc ve nhu cau hpc lap Ngudi hpc lu xay dung eho minh Bdl IQ dd nen gido dye mdi mong dao tgo nhDng Idp dong CO hpc tap dung d i n l i viec can iam dau lien Bdi ngDdi nang ddng, sdng tgo, Ihfeh Dng vdi mgi thi trudng vl, Ihanh cong khong bao gid la kel q u i cua mol q u i lao ddng, gdp phin phdl trien cong ddng, Cd t h l xem trinh ngau hDng IDy lien thieu iinh loan, ke ca hgc llnh lich cpc (hlnh thinh tD nang IQC hgc) nhu mol dieu tap lan nghien cDu Nhu cau xa hdi va thi trudng lao dflng kidn, k l l q u i cda sp phat triln nhan each Ihe he Ire hien tgi d i t cho moi ngudi nhDng td chal can Ihiet chQ xa hpi hidn dai Trong hoat ddng lu hpc la nhQng bieu khong phai la nhQng diem sd dep, nhQng chQng chi nhu hidn sp ging sDe cao ve nhilu m i l eua IDng ca nhan v i i trang sQc vao ddi m i khflng co thpc Ipc vi ddng cO ngudl hpe q u i Irlnh nhin thQe Ihfing qua sy hpc tap lech lgc Cd dong cO hpc lap tot khien cho ngudi la lufln lp giac say m§, hpc tap vdi nhQng muc lieu cy I h l phin tIeh cpc Ma phan chinh la lien de cho mpi hDng Ihu hpc tap Cd hDng thu ngudi hgc mdi cd ro ring vdi mdl nilm vui sing Igo bal tan dQpc sp lu gide say md lim tdi nghien cQu khim phd Trong rat nhilu dflng eo hpe tap cua SV, cd the khudn HDng IhD l i dang lpc d i n ldi giac Tinh lich cpc cua tich thinh hai nhom ca ban ngDdi chi dDpc hinh tren co sd sp phdi hpp -Cac dong co hQng thu nhan thDc, ngdu nhiSn giQa hDng lhi3 vdi giie No bao dam cho sp •Cac dflng cO trich nhifim hoc tap dmh hlnh tfnh dfio l i p hpc t i p Thdng thudng c i c dflng cd hDng thu nhin thDc hlnh Tp hgc giup eho mgi ngUdi cd thi chu ddng hgc tap va den dupe vdi ngudi hpc mot each lp nhifin b i l hpe CO noi dung mdi lg thu vi, bat ngd, dong vd chQa sudt ddi hpo tap d l khing dinh nang Ipe pham chal va d l cdng hien Tp hoc giDp ngudi thich Qng vdi moi nhieu nhQng yeu id nghich li, gpi sp Id md Dflng cO se xuat hien Ihudng xuyen kht GV biel l i n g cUdng id biln ed eua sp phat I n l n kinh t l - xa hoi Bdng dudng hpc mdi cd nhdn se khdng cdm thay bi Igc hdu so vdi chQe c i c Ird choi nhin thde, cac cufle Ihao luin hay eie bifin phap kich Ihfch Ifnh giic tich cue ID ngDdi hgc Ihdi cudc, thieh Dng vd bat nhip nhanh vdi nhDng tinh hudng mdi Ig md eude sdng hien dgi mang den, ke c i Dflng CO nhiem vu va trach nhiem thi b i t bufle ngUdi nhDng Ihdch thQc lo Idn IQ mfli Irudng nghi nghiep Neu hpc phai hen he vdi y thQc ve y nghTa x i hoi eua sp hpe rdn luyfin cho ngQdi hpc ed dupe phUdng phap, kTnang Ip Gidng nhu nghTa vu ddi vdi To quoc, trich nhidm ddi vdi hpc, biet linh hogt v i n dpng nhQng dilu da hpc vao thyc gia dlnh, thay cd, uy Ifn danh dp Irudc bgn be TQ dd cac tiln thl s i tgo cho hp Idng ham hpc, nhd dd k i t q u i hpc em mdi cd •^ thQe ki l u i l hgc l i p , nghiem lue IQ tdp se ngiy cing dupc nang cao giie Ihpc hien mpi nhifim vy hpe lap, nhDng yfiu c l u ID GV, phy huynh, tfin trpng mgi c h l dinh cDa xa hdi vd sp Vdi nhOng If ndu tren ed t h l nhdn thay, n l u xay dilo chinh cua du luan dpng dupc phuong phap hpc, die bid! la sp ly giac, y chf tfch cpc chd ddng sdng tgo se khOi ddy nang lpc liem Ca hai ddng co Iren khdng phai la mdt qud trlnh hlnh ldng, tgo ddng lpc ndi sinh to ldn eho ngudi hpc Ihdnh ty phat, cung ehing dupe dem lgi IQ bfin ngoai ma 2 N6\ D U N G CUA TV HQC vA PHUONG PHAP nd hlnh Ihdnh va phat I n l n mdt each tu gidc Ihim lfing ID bfin Do vdy ngQdi GV phai ddc dilm mdn DAY TU HOC CHO SINH VI^N hpc, IDy ddc diem tdm smh II IDa luoi eda ddi tupng d l 2.1 N i l dung eua q u i trlnh hpc tlm nhOng bifin phdp thfeh hpp nhim khdi ddy hQng Bdn v l hogt ddng hgc vd phuang phdp t l chQe cho s(51-2013 thu hoc tap va nang lue t i l m tang nOi SV Va, dieu quan trgng hdn la tao moi dieu kien d l c i o em tu kfch thfch dong CO hge tap eua mlnh Ddi vdl phan ddng nhDng ngudi Ire, viec tgm gae nhQng thu vui, nhDng trd giai trf h i p d i n nhat thdi de loan tam l o i n sDc cho viee hpc la hai d i l u cd ranh gidi vd cung mdng manh Nd ddi hdi sQ quyet tdm cao va mdt y chi mgnh me eung nghi tpe dd de chien thing chinh ban than minh Ddi vdi ngUdi trUdng thanh, mye dich eude ddi da rd, y thdc Irach nhiem ddi vdi cdng vific da dDpc xae dmh va sp hpe da trd n i l m vui Ihl viec xdc dinh ddng cO Ihai dd hoc lap ndi ehung khflng khd khan nhU Ihe he tre Tuy nhien khdng phii Id hoan loan khdng ed Vi suy cho cung eOng eo nhDng nhu cau rieng va ID dd cd nhQng hQng Ihu khie Van de la phai bie'l k i t hpp bien chQng giQa npi sinh v i ngoai sinh, tDc la hDng thu nhan thDc, hQng thii Irach nhiem dUOc danh IhQc, khOi day tren cO sd nhQng dieu kien tdt IQ ben ng'oii Trong ngUdi Ihay ddng vai trd chu dao b/Xay dpng ke hogch hgc tap Ddi vdl bal kl muon vific hoc Ihat sU cd hieu qua thi muc dich, nhiem vy vd ke hogeh hoc tap phai dUde xay dung cu the, ro rang Trong dd ke hogch phii dupe x i c dmh vdl linh hudng dich cao TDc l i k l hogch ngan han, ddi hdl tham chf IQng mon, IQng phan phai dupc tao l i p thai ro rang, nha't quin cho tQng thdi diem IDng giai doan cu t h l cho phu hpp vdi dieu kien hoan cinh eCia minh Van de ke liep la phdi chgn dDng Irong lam, cai gl l i cdt loi ia quan trpng de Uu tifin l i e dflng true lie'p v i dinh thdi gian cong sDc cho nd Ne'u viec hoc dan trai thieu tap trung thl chic chan hieu qua se khflng cao Sau da x i c dmh dupc trpng tam, phai sap xep c i c phan viec mot each hpp if logic ve ca ndi dung l i n thdi gian, dac biet can lap Irung hoan thdnh dQt diem IDng phan, IDng hang myc theo thD dDpe Ihe hien chi liel k l hoaeh Dieu dd se giDp q u i trinh lien hanh viec hoc duoc trdi chiy thuan lpi c/ Tp minh nim vdng noi dung tn thdc Day la giai doan quyet dmh va chilm nhieu Ihdi gian cong sQc nha'l Khdi iuong kien IhQc va c i c kTnang dupc hinh nhanh hay cham, n i m b i t van de nong hay sau, rdng hay hep, cd be vDng khdng luy thuflc vao npi luc cua chinh ban thin ngUdi hoc Irong bUdc mang tfnh dot p h i No bao gdm eac hogt dflng - Tie'p can thdng tin LUa chon v i ehu ddng tie'p nhan Ihdng tin tQ nhieu ngudn khac va ID nhDng hogt ddng da dupc x i c dinh nhu dpc sach, nghe giang, xem Iruyin hinh, Ira cDu tQ Inlernel, cemine, hdi thao, l i m Ihi nghiem, quan sat, dieu tra Trong hogl ddng rat can ed sp linh lao d l chon loc Ihong tin mot each Ihflng minh va Imh hogt Xa hoi hien dgi dang khien phan ldn SV rdi xa sich va chf quan lam den eac phuong tien nghe nhin khic, Don gian vl nd thoa man tri to md, giup cho tai nghe mat thay IQc thdi Dd l i chua ke de'n su nhieu loan thong tin ma ne'u khong vDng vang thi gidi tre se rat de sa vao nhung cam bay thilu lanh manh, anh hudng true tiep de'n su phat tnen nhan each, tam hdn Trong luc IQ CO chi kim, mudn lam chu tri IhDe nhan logi thl dQdng tdt nhlt cua mpi ngudi l i dgc sieh Dpe sdeh l i phuong DtyvaHpc phap lp hpc re tien va hieu qua nhat Khi lam viec vdi sdeh la phai sQ dyng nfing lpc long hpp lodn difin va cd sp xuat hifin cda hoat ddng cua tri nao, mpl hogt ddng tdl uu Irong q u i trinh lp hgc Do vdy ren luyfin Ihdi quen dpe saeh Id mot cong viec khdng Ihe tdch rdi yfiu eau hge Ngoai viec tiep nhan tn thDc cdn phai biel doi thoai, gpi md, thac m i c hay de xuat nhDng van de can luu y sau dpc saeh, hode chi il Id hge cdch viet, loi d i l n dgt ID nhDng cuon sach hay Dd la each dpc sdng tao- Khac vdi sp giai trf ddn gian hay cam nhan thdng IhQdng - XQ If thdng tin: Viec xQ If Ihong tin qua trinh lp hpc khdng bao gid d i l n vd IhQc ma can cd sp gia cdng, xQ If mdi ed the sD dung dupc Qua trinh cd I h l dupc tien hanh thong qua viec phan tfch, ddnh gii, tdm lupc, long hpp, so sinh - Van dyng In thDc, Ihong tin' Trong vide van dung Ihdng tm tn thDc khoa hpc de gial quye'l cac van de lien quan nhU IhUe hdnh bai lap, thao luan, xD If cac tinh hudng, v i l l b i i thu hoach, bao eao khoa hpe, long thudl„ SV IhQdng g i p ral nhieu khd khan Cd lue tim dupe mdl khoi lupng Idn lu lieu nhQng vific ldp hpp phan loai ngi dung de kie'n giai mdl van de lai khdng thpc hien dQpc Trong Irudng hpp can khoanh vung van de mot gidi han dQng qua rdng Chf can tap trung dao sfiu mot van de nao dd nham phal hien c i i mdi cd g i i In thuc lien la dap Dng yeu eau Trong khiu viee Ipa chgn va thay ddi hlnh IhQe IQ de Ilm cich IhDc ldi uu nhil cho ddi tupng nghien eQu cung ri't can thie't - Trao doi, bien Ihong tin, Vific trao ddi kinh nghiem, chia se thdng tin tn thQc hay d i l n ngdn theo yeu cau thdng qua cac hlnh thDc hdi thao, bao cao khoa hpc, Ihao luan, thuyel trinh, tranh luan la cdng vific cudi cung cua qua trinh liep nhan Iri IhDc Hoai ddng n i y giDp ngUdi hpe ed the hinh Ihanh va phat Inen kT nang trlnh biy (bing Idi ndi hay van ban) cho ngDdi hoe Giup ngUdi hpc ehu dflng, lin giao tiep Dng xD, phat Inen nang luc hpp t i e va l i m viee nhdm lot d/ Td kiem tra danh gia kit qui hgc tip Vific nhln nhan kel qua hoc ldp dupc Ihpc hifin bing nhieu hlnh thQc Dung eac thang mQc dd d i p Qng yfiu cau cua GV, b i n than danh gia, sp dinh gia nhan xet cua lap the thdng qua thao luan, lp ddi chieu so sanh vdi mi,jc tieu dat ban dau Tat ca deu mang mdt y nghTa tieh cue, can duoe quan lam thudng xuyen Thdng qua nd ngudi hoe lp ddi Ihoai de tham dinh minh, hilu dQpc edl gi lam dupe, dieu gi chua thda man nhu cau hpc tap nghifin cDu de tD dd cd hudng khde phyc hay phat huy Van de hpc rd rang khdng he don gidn Muon hogl ddng hpc t i p cd hieu qua nhal thiet SV phai chO ddng giie hoc ldp bal oD luc nao cd Ihe bang ehinh ndi lpc cua b i n Ihan Vi noi lpc mdi chinh la nhan id q u y l l dmh cho su phat tnen Ngoai ra, ral can ldi vai trd cua ngUdi thay vdi lu each la ngoai lUc Irong viec trang bi eho SV m i l hd thdng In thDc, kTnang, thai cung vdi phuong phap hpe cy the, khoa hpe Nhd dd hogl ddng ty hge lp ddo tgo cua SV mdi di vao chieu sau Ihpc chat 2.2.2 Dgy phUdng phap lp hpc eho smh vien Ngoii nhDng ndi dung vd phuong p h i p chung dupc DatfvaHpC s61-2013 trinh bay d iren moi mdn hpc, moi doi tupng d i u ed nhQng dde thu ndng Vd, vdi GV cung vdy cung vdi nhQng phuong phdp gilng nhung each sD dpng cda mdi ngudi d nhDng thdi d i l m cung cd sp khac Do vay, vide lim nhDng cdch thQe day tu hpe cu the cho iQng ITnh vpc Id eong viec ral cd y nghTa Tfim ii chung vdi doi tupng SV cac chuyfin nganh thudc khdi Tu nhifin - KT thudt thudng nggi c i e mdn KHXH - NV ed nhilu ehD, mdt phdn khdng thuoc sd trUdng mot phan quT thdi gian ngdy eang so hep, vific hpe cac hpc phin ndy Ihudng ehilm nhieu thdi gian Do vdy bao eao nay, vific xic dmh ede phuong phap day cho SV hpc cae mdn thudc KHXH -NV dUpc chung tdi quan tfim nhieu hdn Day phuang phap tu hoc cho SV d eae mdn Khoa hpc ty nhien - KT thuai da dupc djnh hinh ID Idu bang nhQng yeu cau ey the ro rang nhu thpc hdnh b i i tip, ve so dd Vific kilm tra SV ed thpc hifin yeu cau hoc tap ma GV giao hay khdng cung vl the m i de xac dinh v i dfl mat Ihdl gian hdn Cdn ddi vdi cde mon thude ITnh vQc Xa hdi Nhin van khflng h i d l ding TQ d i e thu cua ITnh vpc chuyen nganh xd hdi, qua nghien cQu cdc tai lifiu ve phuong phap dgy hge vd thpe l l giang dgy nhilu nam ehung Ifli da rul bon van de col ldi cd the dp dyng Irong q u i Irlnh day lp hoc cho SV Dd la a/ Day each lap ke hoach hgc tap Tren cd sd d l cUdng mon hgc, vdo dau moi hoc phan GV can hudng dan SV lap ke hoach hpc tap cho ke hogch dd phdi d irong tam vdi cua mlnh, phCi hop vdi dilu kien cua minh T i t nhifin cd t h l dieu chinh dieu kifin Ihay doi Q u i n Irifit de SV hilu rfl, mpi k l hogch phdl dupe xay dpng trfin nhQng myc tifiu cy the vd hodn loan phdn dau Ihpc hifin dupe Trong dd cd sp phin bifil ro viec ehinh vific phu, vific ldm va vide l i m sau Cd nhu I h l mdl tDng bDdc gdp n h i l In IhDc lich luy kel qua hpe ldp mdl eieh b i n vDng Vific sD dyng v i t i n dyng tdl quTthdi gian eung e i n dUdc dat d l khong phii bi dflng IrQdc khdi lupng cac mdn hpc cung nhu i p Ipc cflng vific, b/ Day each nghe giing vi ghi chep theo tmh than td hge Nghe gidng v i ghi chfip Id nhQng kTning m i cung phdl sD dyng Irong qud trlnh hpc l i p Trlnh dd nghe v i ghi chep eua ngUdi hpc khdng gidng d nhQng mdn hpc khic Nd i n h hQdng true tilp den qua trlnh hpe t i p Tuy nhifin ddy Id v l n de ma xua chua cd nghifin cDu Moi ngudi deu phii lu mlnh ren luyfin thdi quen ghi ehep d l ed t h l ed dupe nhQng Ihong lin can thilt v l mdn hpe D i l u quan trpng trudc tifin la GV can Iruyin dgt oho SV nhDng nguyfin t i c chinh cua hogl dflng nghe - ghi chep Vdi cac mdn KHXH - NV Ihudng cd dung lupng edu ehD nhieu, vide vDa chD y Iheo ddi de In nhdn thdng tin vDa mong muln ghi chep Ihdt d l y du khiln ddi luc trd thdnh mflt thdch d l Idn Cdc em Ihudng mang III hpc Ihy ddng quen Idch viSc nghe v i ghi ehep khdi thdm ehf nhieu SV ehf chd GV dpe mdi cd t h l ghi ehfip dupc nfii dung bdi hpc neu ngupc lgi thl ddnh bd Irdng vd khiln tdm If bi Dc c h l dnh hudng d i n qud trlnh tilp nhdn kiln thQc Thpc t l dd ddi hdi ngudi hpc phdl tdp trung iQ tudng cao dd d l cd kha ning ITnh hdi v l n d l mfit edeh khoa hpc nhlt Phii rfin luyfin d l ed kha nang huy ddng von ID, sD dyng toe ghi chfip nhanh bang c i e hlnh IhDc v i l t t i l , ggch chdn, tdm luae bang so dd hlnh ve nhOng y chinh, c i e lugn dilm quan Irpng md GV nhln mgnh, ldp lgi nhieu lan l i d i l u vd cung can thiel Ngodi ra, qua trlnh hpc tap trfin Idp neu cd van de nao khong hilu can ddnh dau de hdi sau GV ngQng giang nhim ddo sdu kiln IhDe v i t i l t kifim thdi gian Rat liee, Iren Ihpc le day la diem yeu ma phan ldn SV khdng quan l i m ren luyen de ed dupe Mudn tao dieu kifin cho SV nghe giang va ghi chep lot, GV c i n iQu y - Nfli dung bai giang phii mdi me, thiet thuc, can Ihie'l ed Ihe tgo nhDng tinh huong gia dmh yeu eau SV suy nghTphan bien (d/c) - Cae cdu hdi, van de dfii Irong gid giing phai cd sp chpn Ipe kTludng, lap trung v i o trgng lam bai hge nhu mol each phat tin hieu cho SV xac dinh npi dung chinh Dua v i o b i l giing nhQng llnh hudng li thD, nhDng mau chuyfin smh dong lay tQ Ihuc le cd lifin quan trpc liep den ddi song hay ITnh vuc chuyen nganh cua IQng doi lupng SV de gay sy chu y cung nhu tgo c i m giac hDng Ihu eho ngudi hpc (d/c) - Sau hpic giing bai cd the yfiu cau SV lp dat nhDng cau hdi, linh hudng s i l vdi nfli dung bai hpc de thay ddi khflng khi, l i n g cudng sy chu y eua c i ldp - Su truyen cam, mach iac Irong Ifli giing cung la dieu CO y nghTa Ihu hul sp chu y cua ngQdi hpe Tat ca nhDng cdng viec mudn thye hien tdt phdi CO sU phdl hop nhip nhing an y cua ca Ihay va Ird Trong dd thay ddng vai trd ehu dgo viec hudng d i n td ChDe cdn tro vpi tu eieh la chu the tich eye chu dong sing tgo ca ITnh hdi Iri thQc lan rfin luyfin kTning v i bflc Ifl quan diem, thai dd c/ Day each hgc bai v l n d l mau chdt theo quan diem ciJa ehdng tfli chlnh l i day cich hoc bai GV c l n gidi thifiu va hudng d i n cho SV lp hpc Iheo mo hinh c i c n i c thang nhin thQc cua Bloom TQc la hoe each phan tieh, long hop, hpc v i n durig In IhQc v i o tQng linh hudng thpc lien, hpc nhin xet dinh g i i , so sinh ddi chilu cie kiln IhDe Bfin egnh dd cfln phai rfin luyfin nang luc tu logic, lu IrUu lupng, tu sang Igo de lim nhQng hUdng tiep can mdl c i c van de khoa hpe Vific dua c i c tinh hudng van d l g i n vdi thpc lien ddi sdng xa hoi la Uu the eua eic hoc phan thudc ITnh vuc XHNV GV can cho nhDng linh hudng sau moi bii/ chuong/ myc vd yeu eau SV chuan bi trudc Sau tmh hinh d l eho tQng c i nhin hay IDng nhdm (ca Idp) thao luan, giai quyet Mdt nhDng hlnh IhQc giup SV l i m vide nhdm lot nhal Id tgo ed hdi eho eac em diln ngfln irpe tilp TQ cich lay d i n chQng de ehdng minh mdl v l n d l , giii thfeh, phan bifin, nfiu quan diem y ludng hay thuylt Irinh, gidi thifiu long thuat mdt su kifin, mdl van d l khoa hge hoic ddn gian chi l i sp biy td chlnh kien Irudc mfil hifin tQpng Thdng qua dd ngudi dgy eung cd the n i m dupe mDe dd nhdn IhDc cua SV d l cd sp bo sung difiu chfnh hpp II, kip thdi Ddm bdo chd'l lupng gid giing ludn dupc cdi thifin theo hudng Kch cpc S61-2013 d/ Day each nghien cdu Trudo h i t Id dgy each xac dmh d l ldi, chu de nghien cDu eho phu hpp vdi sd trudng nang Ipc cua mlnh vd yfiu eau eDa chuyen ngdnh dao tao Tiep d i n id day each lua ehpn va tap hpp, phdn logi thdng tin vd each xQ if Ihdng tin Irong khudn kho thdi gian cho phep Cd sd If luan eua cac mdn KHXH&NV thudng mang llnh han lam, linh k l IhQa eao Trong lue tren thuc te' cac van de xa hdi lai thay doi IDng giay Vi the viee x i c djnh ngudn tdi lieu, dieu tra, Ihue nghiem cung ddi hdi mdi ngudi phan dau nam bit kip thdi nhDng van de mang linh thdi sp ndng hdl cung l i mdt Ihach thDc Idn Tdi iieu se lay ID nguon ndo, gidl han pham vi bao nhifiu, each vien dan nhQng Ihdng tin cho chinh xac, trfch dan nhDng van de diln hlnh ndo cho cd tfnh Ihuyel phyc Id nhDng van de can dupc hUdng dan kTludng ehu dao ID phia GV Md! d l CUOng nghien cDu chuan mQc, khoa hpc eau IrDc chung IQ long quan cua van de nghien cQu, c'ie cgp dfl ndi dung can tnen khai v i each xac dinh phQdng phip nghien cQu phan anh rd'l rd nang Ipc cua moi SV Can hlnh v i ren luyen eho eac em sdm ed dUpc kT ndng ay Ngoai ra, viec IU kiem Ira dinh gia kel qua nghifin cDu tren cO sd tranh thu y kie'n cua bgn be thay cd cung dem lai loi ich thiet dung cho ngUdi nghien eQu, nhal l i nhOng SV budc dau lam quen vdi khoa hpc Bd'n van de cd't Idi neu trfin chi la nhQng chi d i n can Ihie't, mang linh dmh hQdng Cdn vific vfin dyng cdn IDy thuflc vdo nhieu yeu id' Su co ging day y chf nghi luc cDa ngUdi hpe, sp man edn tdn tam va chu toan cua ngUdi day cung nhQng dieu kien tien quyet khac Duy cd mdt dieu khdng can ban cai la phuong phap day hpe d b i c hpe dgi hpc hien khdng the thieu viec dgy each hpc KET LUAN Hien nay, cac trudng dgi hpe, mdl bd phan k h i ldn SV edn thy ddng viee liep nhan In IhQc Phuong phip hoe tap, nhi'l l i phuong phap IQ hgc ludn la bai l o i n khd cho khdng fl SV ke ed SV nam cud'i T h l nhung van de v l n chua dupe quan lam dung mQc Do ap ipc eCia khdi lupng cdng viee ludn qud tai nfin GV ^iJl Dajf'uJtL^ ehl mai Io thpe hien ehQc nang ciia minh ma it quan tdm den ren luyfin kT nang loan difin hoe cho SV Irong dd kT nang tU hpc Vi vdy, moi trUdng dai hpc hien dai can dua phuong phap hpc vao mpe tifiu dao tgo Bdl le, nd khong chf can thilt cho SV cdn ngdi trfin ghe nha IrUdng ma ca trudng hda nhdp vdl xa hfii, s u i t cuoc ddi Khi hgc, moi SV hoan todn ed dieu kien de tu nghiin ngam nhQng van de sinh hgc tap theo mdl phong edeh nfing vdi nhDng yeu cau vd dieu kien thfch hop D i l u dd khdng chi giup ban than SV n i m duac van de mdt each c h i e chin vd ben vDng; chO ddng bdi dudng phDdng phdp hoc tap va kT nang van dLMig tn IhDc ma cdn la dip l l l d l ren luyfin y ehlva nfing iDc hoat ddng doe lap s i n g tgo Dd la nhDng pham chat ma ch? cd chinh ban than SV Ip ren luyfin kifin tri mdi ed dupc, khdng mdt co t h l eung cap hay l i m Ihay eho minh Thpc le cung da chQng mmh, m5i cdng eda SV Irfin dudng hpe ldp nghien cQu khdng bao gid Id ke't qua eua loi hgc tap thy dong, ddi phd, ehd thdi TD dd, de nhfin thay rang' eung vdi ddi hdi cQaxu Ihe hdi nhap lodn cau Iren tat ca cac ITnh vpe va vdi mot x i hdi day bien ddng nhD xa hpi nUdc ta v l sD dung lao ddng, tien iDOng, su dai ngfl vd q u i Irlnh d i o tao ngdy cing dl vao chieu sau IhUc chat Ihl hogl ddng dgy hge, d i e bifil la dgy each hoc c h i c chdn se Ilm dupe sp dong Ihuan cao cDa cdng ddng vd la manh da't tdt cho bat ki cd khdt vong hpc lap suot ddi TAI UEU THAIVI KHAO Tran Bd Hofinh, Thing 7/1998, Vi tri eiia hgc dio tgo qui Irinh dgy hgc giio due vidio(go, Tap chf Nghifin cilu giao due 2.LUU Xuan MOi, 2001, PhQong phap day hoc dai hpc, Nxb Giaodye 3.Le DQc Ngpc, Thing 8/2004, Dgy each hgc mdt nhOng giai phap ning cao chit Idpng dio tgo dgi hgc, Tap chf Dgy v i hoc 4.Vu Van Tao, Thing 4/2001, Hgc vi dgy each hgc Tgp chl Tu hoc S.Thii Duy Tuyen, 2003, Dgy hgc cho smh vidn cic nha trudng Cao ding Dai hgc chuyen nghiep, Chuyen de PhDdng phip day hpc cho hoc vien Cao hgc, DH Hue J ... Id hoan loan khdng ed Vi suy cho cung eOng eo nhDng nhu cau rieng va ID dd cd nhQng hQng Ihu khie Van de la phai bie''l k i t hpp bien chQng giQa npi sinh v i ngoai sinh, tDc la hDng thu nhan thDc,... phat I n l n mdt each tu gidc Ihim lfing ID bfin Do vdy ngQdi GV phai ddc dilm mdn DAY TU HOC CHO SINH VI^N hpc, IDy ddc diem tdm smh II IDa luoi eda ddi tupng d l 2.1 N i l dung eua q u i trlnh... tap lech lgc Cd dong cO hpc lap tot khien cho ngudi la lufln lp giac say m§, hpc tap vdi nhQng muc lieu cy I h l phin tIeh cpc Ma phan chinh la lien de cho mpi hDng Ihu hpc tap Cd hDng thu ngudi