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TINH TRANG THD BONG d HOC SINH TRUNG HOG PHO THONG KHI HOC MdN NGO''''VAN VA M O T SO BIEN P H A P KHAC PHUC LLTONG VAN HA* Suthu ddng trong hpe tap mdn Ngdvan (NV) eiia hpc sinh (HS) da anh hudng khdng[.]
TINH TRANG THD BONG d HOC SINH TRUNG HOG PHO THONG KHI HOC MdN NGO'VAN VA M O T SO BIEN PHAP KHAC PHUC LLTONG V A N HA* S uthu ddng hpe tap mdn Ngdvan (NV) eiia hpc sinh (HS) da anh hudng khdng nhd de'n chat lupng day va hoc bd mdn - bieu hien d: ngudi hpe khdng chu ddng tie'p thu kie'n thifc; rat it tranh luan, thao luan ve eac kie'n thuc lien quan; ehua tich cue phat bie'u ykien Idp; ngai ghi chep bai, it tap trung nghe giang; khdng soan bai va lam bai trude de'n Idp; thieu dau tu, khdng quan tam de'n viee xay dung ke hoach hoc tap hop li; ehua cd phuang phap hpc tap de dat ket qua tdi uu, nang ve "hpc tu, hpevef, ddng vai trd quan trpng viee thu hut va kich thich nhu cau, Idng say me, yeu thich van chuang cua HS Rd rang, viee dd'i mdi phuang phap khdng ehidifng laid viee ifng dung edng nghe thdng tin vao giang day maGV cdn phai ket hop nhieu phuang phap khac nham dan gian tida, eu the hda nhiing don vj kie'n thue, giup cae em d l dang linh hdi kie'n thifc (dii de hay khd); biet each khoi gpi, hudng dung dd'i tupng, vdi nhifng cau hdi phii hop - vifa bam sat dupe ndi dung bai hpc lai vifa phii hpp vdi kha nang eiia HS - nhim huy ddng dupe su hpp tac tich cue d Nguyen nhan tinh trang thu dong cua HS eae em nhim dem lai hieu qua cao cho tiet hpc Tuy nhien, nhieu GV chua coitrpng yeu eau Khidupe hpc mon NV Vdi 200 phieu dieu tra (thue hien thang 3/2013), hdi ve each dat eau hdi, ed 68 ykien (34%) eho ring: gdm 20 eau hdi phdng van HS Idp 11 va 12 d3 trudng GV thudng dat eau hdi khd, din de'n HS khd (hoac tmng hpc phd' thdng (THPT) thude dja ban tinh khdng the) tra Idi nen khdng phat huy dupe tinh ciiu Oak Lak: Thue hinh Cao Nguyin, Budn Ma Thugt, ddng va tieh cue eua ngudi hpe, 3) Vephia ngudi hgc Vdi cau hoi" Viee soan Krdngbdng, chung tdi thu duac ket qua nhu sau: 1) Vesach giao khoa (SGK) mdn NV THPT bai hay iam bai tap venha trude ddn Idp cua cic Vdi eau hdi; "Khdilugng kien thuc chuang trinh em nhuthe nio?':72HS (36%)\ra\d'\"chifnuanva SGK Ngit vin hien nhuthe nao?": 110 HS tra Idi ban dechep"; 70 HS (35%) thd'Id "lam bai tap hay "qua tai" (55%); 75 HS nhan tha'y "vifa phai" (37%); soan bai ehi mang tinh ddi phd vdi GV ma thdi" 15 HS eho ring "edn if (8%) Ngoai ra, theo y kien Nhieu HS edn ehua the hien sudde lap, tugiac eiia nhieu giao vien (GV) bd mdn, SGK duac bien qua trinh hpe; viee tu hpc cdn mang tinh tu phat, soan chua thehien suean doigiifa "day chif" vdi "day chua ed sutu nguyen hay cd ddng co thue su, Khi ngudi"; giifa dung lupng kie'n thufc, kT nang va thdi tra Idi eau hdi "Em thudng dinh bao nhieu thdigian lupng thue hien tiet hoc; nhieu kie'n thirc trd nen detuhgcmdn VinT: 99 HS (49%) cho biet "khoang lac hau va "thua"; susip xep giifa eac bai hpc vdi 30-45 phiif; 46 HS (23%) tu nhan "dudi 30 phiif; dtiing khd'i, giira cac phan mdn: Vin, Tii'ng Vietva 30 HS (15%) tra Idi "khoang 60 phuf; 25 HS (13%): Lam van cdn chua cdtinh hpp li, khoa hpe; nhieu bai "Nhieu hon 120 phiif, Mdn NV ddi hdi phai cdsu hpe cdn thien ve kie'n thifc, li thuye't ma thieu di phan tu duy, suy ngim, lien tudng Idn, vay ma thdi gian ren luyen kTnang thuc hanh, nen da phan nao anh HS danh eho mdn hpe qua it nhu vay se anh hudng hudng khdng nhd den qua trinh day va hpc NV ddng rat Idn de'n qua trinh hpe tap cung nhu chat lupng hpe tap bd mdn eua ngudi hpc thdi dan de'n tam li chan nan, "sp hpc van" d HS Ngoai ra, theo chung tdi, tinh trang thu ddng eua 2) Vephia GV Khi duac hdi: "Theo em, tai nhieu ban HS khdng thich hgc van": 98 HS ^49%) li HS hpe tap mdn Nguvincbn xuatphattuquan giai "vi khd hpc, khd hieu va khdng dem lai nhieu hifng niem khdng mang tinh tich cue tif phia HS vacac bac thii, niem say me ciing nhu ddng luc de hpc"; 72 HS phu huynh (eho rang khdng lien guan nhieu de'n viee (36%) nhan thay "Phuang phap day hpc cua GV chua thi vao cac tn/dng dai hpc, cao dang eac khdi A, B, ; hay, chua hap din ngudi hpe"; 25 HS eho ring 'Vi se khd CO tuong lai, khd kiem^dupe nhieu tien, ) 4) Vecach danh gia, kiim tra Tuy da ed nhung day la mdn phu" (36%); HS tra Idi "la mdn d l hieu, d l hpc nen khdng can coi trpng" (3%), Dieu tra cho tha'y: phuang phap day hpc cua GV bd mdn cung * Tnrting THPT thirc hanh Cao Nguyen - Dai hpc Tay Nguyen (kil-2/2014) Tap chi Giao due so 327 43 dd'i mdi, song nhinehurig hoat ddng vin cdn phu"; mdi HS can xay dung nhung phuang phap va nang ve hinh thlie, din de'n tinh trang thu ddng vay lai ke hoach hpe tap eho hieu qua b) Ting cudng kT ning dgc tie pham, khdng eua HS ednphd'bien, nhu: phu tiiudc qua nhieu vao sach van mau; chi van dung kie'n thifc da hpc de lam; ngifng thu thap tai lieu, ket hop vdi viee nghe giang va mang nanp tinh chat "hpe tu, hpe vef, Khi dupe hdi: ghi chep day dii; hang say phat bie'u xay dun^ bai, tu " Trong Idem tra, dinh gii GVmonNV thudng ratin the hien y kie'n eua ban than tmdc tap the, ; chii detheo hudng nid', daed: 88 HS (44%) cho biet "ehi dpng hdi thay ed, ban be ve nhtrng vain de ehua rd, len quan de'n kie'n thifc da dupe hpc"; 67 HS (34%) ehua hieu; tranh thu thao luan vdi ban be nhdm, nhan tha'y "vira lien quan de'n kie'n thife dupe hpc vua Idp ve eae ndi dung lien quan de'n bai hpe c) Trau ddi kie'n thuc, phit huy tinh thin iuhgc"; cd tinh md rpng va lien he thuc tien", Cach rade nhu vay chic chin s i khdng piiat huy tinh tu duy, sang tang cudng lam bai tap, giai quye't eae eau holed tao, kich thich HS cd nhifng each nghT, each cam mdi SGK; tuthiet kecac loai dd diing true quan don gian (nhu ve sa dd, bang bieu), thiet lap so ddtu duy, de mang tinh "md" hpe tap bd mdn_ khie sau eac kie'n thifc da hpe; riit dupe nhifng kinh De xua't mot so bien phap khap phue nghiem quy viee hpe, q;ua cac ki kiem tra, thi 1)VephiaGV: 3) Vi phia nha trudng: td chifc cac cau lac bp, a) Tang cudng sudung nhirng phuang tien true quan (nhu bang bleu, sa dd, may chieu, phim anh tu hoi thao chuyen de, thao luan, hoatddng ngoai khoa lieu, ) dehdtrggui trinh day hgc, giiip eho bai giang de ren luyen kha nang giao tie'p, ifng xi} eiia eac em trdnen cu the, de hieu, khdng ma hd, triru tupng, thiic HS; quan tam mua sim them cae thiet bj phue vu day qua trinh tuong tac giifa G V vdi HS dupe thuan Ipi day hpe nhu: tranh anh, may chieu, tranh hien tupng han Tuy nhien, khdng nen lam dung qua nhieu de etii day li thuye't "sudng", khdng gin vdi thue tiin, Tdm lai, de khip phue tinh trang thu ddng cua HS, tranh tinh trang vifa tdn thdi gian lai vifa khdng phat tao ddng ca tich cue va diing din day va hpc huy kha nang cam thu van chuang b) Tang cudng hinh thiic trap ddi, thao luan nhdmmdn A/K dnhatrudng THPT, ban than ngudi hpe can nhim: phat huy tinh than tap the, huy ddng mpi HScd thifc duac muc dich vay nghTa eua mdn hpc, xay the tham gia vao qua trinh hpc; tang cudng ktia nang dung he thd'ng va phuang phap hoe tap khoa hpc; tu duy, tao ca hdi eho moi HScd the chia sey tudng, GV can cdtam huyet, Idng yeu nghe, danh nhieu thdi tang them ea hdi hpe tap dupe lan de cd hieu gian va edng sifc denang eao trinh dp chuyen mdn qua eao nhat Ngoai ra, GV can da dang hda cae va dd'i mdi phuang phap giang day • phuang phap len ldp bing each minh hoa bai giang bing cac tinh hud'ng hoac vi du eu the, de khai gpi Tai li£u tham khao Phan Trpng Luan (chii bien) - Trucmg Dinh Phuong hifng thii hpe tap ciia HS e) Thay ddi linh hoat cic kJttiuit day hgc (nhu: phap day hoc van NXB Dai hoc su pham Ha Ndi, thuyet trinh, thao luan nhdm, chieu phim van hpc, ) 2008 kich thich nhu cau, hifng thii hpc tap va tang cudng NguySn Thuy Hdng Doi mdi danh gid ket qua hoc su trao ddi, tuong tac cung nhu tranh su thu ddng, tap mon Ngir vSn cua hpc sinh trung hoc phd thong tam li nham chan d ngudi hpe, GV can tieh cue trau NXB Gido due, U.200i ddi chuyen mdn nghiep vu, dau tu cho chat lupng cae Doan Thi TSm "He thong cau hoi neu via ii dfl'i bai giang trude len ldp; can cii'yeu eau, ndi dung vai viee phat huy vai tr6 chu thS cam thu sang tao ciia tumg tiet hpc, bai hpe cu the ma van dung eae phuang hoc sinh tie'p can tac pham vSn chuomg" Tap chi phap day hpc khac cho pliCi hop; xay dung he Trucmg Dai hoc Tdy Nguyin, s6' 08/2008 thd'ng eau hdi phii hpp (khdng qua d l cung hoac qua SUMMARY khd, mang tinh gpi md) vdi ndi dung bai hpc va tifng Teaching Literature subjects in secondary schools dd'itupngHS In recent years the pressure was innovative in many d) GV ehu nhiem can giao eho mdi to', nhdm HS ways Including Innovative teaching methods, with the Idp mdtcud'n so'theo ddi hoatddng tipe tap eua guiding principle of the school as the center, is the of cae vien, dd ed muc "Xay dung phat bieu the teaching process However, passive status of stuxay dung bai" lam tieu chide danh giay thifc hpe tap dents In teaching and learning Literature subjects eua mdi vien td'vao gid sinh hoat Idp cudi are Increasingly popular Office In this article, we are going to leam expressions, as well as giving efmdi tuan, mdi thang fect to the cause of the problem Based on that, can 2) Vephia HS:^ suggest the optimal direction for all In order to cona) cin thayddiquan niim vemdn hgc, tranh viee tribute to the quality of learning and teaching Literacoi NV nhu la mdn khd hpc, khd hieu hay la "mdn ture subjects Is constantly improving 44 Tap chi Giao due so 327 (kil-2/2014) ... danh gid ket qua hoc su trao ddi, tuong tac cung nhu tranh su thu ddng, tap mon Ngir vSn cua hpc sinh trung hoc phd thong tam li nham chan d ngudi hpe, GV can tieh cue trau NXB Gido due, U.200i... quan don gian (nhu ve sa dd, bang bieu), thiet lap so ddtu duy, de mang tinh "md" hpe tap bd mdn_ khie sau eac kie''n thifc da hpe; riit dupe nhifng kinh De xua''t mot so bien phap khap phue nghiem... khdng nen lam dung qua nhieu de etii day li thuye''t "sudng", khdng gin vdi thue tiin, Tdm lai, de khip phue tinh trang thu ddng cua HS, tranh tinh trang vifa tdn thdi gian lai vifa khdng phat tao