Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Sd SO nam 2013 THIET KE HE THONG TINH HUONG GAN v d l THirC TIEN TRONG D^Y HQC HOA HQC d TRU''''OfNG PHO THONG NGUYEN TRi NGAN'''' TOMTAT Trong bdi bdo ndy, chung tdi nghien cim[.]
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Sd SO nam 2013 THIET KE HE THONG TINH HUONG GAN v d l THirC TIEN TRONG D^Y HQC HOA HQC d TRU'OfNG PHO THONG NGUYEN TRi NGAN' TOMTAT Trong bdi bdo ndy, chung tdi nghien cim vd xdy dung he thdng tinh huong cd ngi dung gdn vdi thue liin nhdm gdp phdn xdy dung ngudn tu lieu cho gido vien vd hge sinh qud Irlnh dgy hoc Hda hge d trudng THPT, ndng eao chdt lugng dgy hge phii hgp vai mge tieu gido dgc eda Bdng va Nhd nuac di "hge di ddi vdi hdnh, gido due ket hgp v&i lao ddng sdn xudt, ll lugn gan lien voi thue tien " Tir khda: tinh hu6ng, thirc tiln, day hpc Hoa hoc, thong ABSTRACT Designing a system of situations which are strongly associated with reality in teaching Chemistry at high schools The aims of this paper is to study and construct a system ofsituations,whose contents areassocialed with reality, in order to eonlribute to building the resources for teachers anh students in Ihe process of teaching Chemistry at high schools and to Improve the quality of leaching that is in accordance with our Party and Government's education goals "practice makes perfect - education iscombined with working and producing - reasonis associated with reality" Keywords: situation, reality, teaching Cheinisty, high school Mor dau Trong qua trinh giang day bp mon Hoa hpc, giao vien khong nhiing cung cap cho hpc sinh kien thuc ma huang din hpe sinh eon duong tim kito thiic Thuc ts, kiSn thiic cang tMSt thuc, hip dan, loi cuon thi hpc sinh c§ing dl dang tiep nhan va nha ISu Tuy nhien, viec day va hpc Hoa hpc tmong ph6 thong hien giao vien mai chi cung d p kiln thiic ca ban cho hpc sinh ma chua thirc sir tao duac moi lien h$ giiia kiln thiic khoa hpc va kiln thiic thuc tl, chii y giai thich nhitng vSn dl liSn quan din Hoa ThS, Tru&ng THPT Long Thanh, 06ng Nai 46 hpc dai s6ng va san xuat Tit nhiing li tren nen chiing toi da nghiSn ciiu de tai "ThiSt ke hS th6ng tinh hu6ng gan vdi tiiirc tiln giang day Hoa hpc truang thong" De hieu han qua trinh thiit ke tuih huSng gin vol thirc tiln, sau day chiing toi xin trinh bay vl cic nguyen tic thiit kl Nguyen tic thiet ke h^ th6ng tinh huong gan vol thurc tien day b^c Hoa hjc THPT 2.1 Bam bao tinh chinh xac, khoa hge Kiln thiic dupe dua vao cac tinh hu6ng phai dam bao tinh chinh xac, khoa hpc Day la nguySn tic quan trpng nhit ma chung toi phai tuan theo Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM qua trinh thiet ke 2.2 Ddm bdo tinh thirc tiin Cac kiSn thiJC dung de thiit kl eac tinh huong phai gin liln voi thuc tiln euQC sdng va eo tinh iing dung cao Muc tieu ciia nguyen tic la thong qua viec giai quylt tinh hudng, hpc sinh duoc trang bi kien thiic co ban de giai thich dugc nhirng tinh huong co that cupc song 2.3 Ddm bdo tinh trpng tdm Cac kien thiic dupe lira chpn de thiet ke tinh huong nen huong vao trpng tam cua npi dung hpc t§p Viee dua nhGng tinh huong co npi dung it lien quan den bai hpc se gay ton thoi gian va khien cho hpc sinh nhSm tuong tinh quan trpng cua van de Nhimg kien thiie quan trpng, can khac sau, can ghi nho cua bai hpc can dupe quan tam hon thiet ke tinh huong 2.4 Ddm bdo tinh logic, ngdn ggn Mpt nhijng nguyen tac quan trpng viee thiet ke tinh huong gan liln voi thyc ti6n la tinh logic va tinh ngin gpn eiia tinh huong Vi thoi gian cua tiet hpe co gidi ban nen viec dua qua nhieu chi tilt, su kien hoac kien thiic vao tinh huong se gay kho khSn hpc sinh tiep nhan van de Tinh huong can phai ngan gpn, sue tich, vira dii thong tin Mat khac, tinh hudng cung cSn dupe thiit kl mdt each logic, dien bien sy kien hpp li, cae cau hoi cd e4u true ro rang; chia timg phin de thdng qua viec tra loi cac eau hoi, hpc sinh co the tilp nhan kiln thiie mot each nhe nhang va hieu qua nhii 2.5 Ddm bdo tinh gido dftc Nguyen Tri Ngdn Ndi dung cua mdn hpc nao cung mang tinh giao due va Hda hpe cung khdng ngo^i le Ndi dung saeh giao khoa Hda hpc phd thdng chiia dimg cac su kien va cac quy luat vat bien chiing ve sir phat trien ciia tu nhien va eae chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nuoc ve cai tao tir nhien Tren co sd do, viec thiet ke tinh hudng cung phai dam bao ve mat npi dung va tu tudng nham giao due hpc sinh eo tu tudng chinh trj ro rang, cd the gidi quan, nhan sinh quan diing dan 2.6 Bdm bdo tinh suphgm Nguyen tae dam bao tinh su pham thiet ke tinh hudng the hien d tinh vira siie va tinh phii hpp vdi tam sinh li eiia hpc sinh Tinh hudng dat cd npi dung qua de hoac qua khd ddi vdi trinh dp nhan thiic ciia hpc sinh se tao nen tam li chan nan, coi thudng hoac bat man nhu vay se khdng tao dupe hi?u qua cao giang day Tuy nhien, linh hudng cung phai dupe thiet ke de phan hoa hpe sinh, xen ke nhu-ng cau hdi de, khd vdi de tat ca hpe sinh deu cd CO hdi tra ldi Vi vay, ndi dung va each thiie thue hien eua tinh hudng phai mang tinh dae trung cua mdn hpc ddng thdi gan gui, phii hpp vdi each suy nghT, nhu cau, sd thieh eiia hpc sinh 2.7 Kich thich thu, khd ndng sdng tgo cua ngu&l hpc Muc dich eua d^y hpe tinh hudng nham kich thich hiing thii hpc tap va kha nang sang tao eiia hpe sinh Chinh vi the, tinh hudng dupe thiet ke phai hap dan, sinh dpng, gkn gui, khoi gpi dupe kha nang sang tao, hiing thu ciia Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM hpc sinh, qua phat trien ki nang tu cho hoc sinh, giiip hpc sinh giai quyet van de hoc tap Tinh huong day hoc tra phuong tien, dieu kien va dpng lire thiic day, kich thich thai dp hpc tap tich cue a hpc sinh bang viec phan tich, xir li va giiii quyet cac van de tinh huong Quy trinh thiet ke he thong tinh huong gan vol thu-c tien d^y hoc Hoa hoc THPT Nham \ay dung tinh huong gin vai thirc uen uong qua trinh day hpc Hoa hpc a THPT mpt each co hieu qua, chiing toi da tuan theo cac buac thiit kl nhu sau: Bu&c 1: Xdc dinh muc tieu vd ngi dung chtnh eda bdi hoc Xac djnh muc tieu, npi dung chinh ciia bai hpc la can cir de thiit kl tinh huong Viec xac dinh diing muc tieu cin dat dupe ciia bai hpc la buoc diu tien ciia qua trinh thiit ke, co tac dung dinh huang npi dung cho giao vien ' Bu&c 2: Thiit lgp he thing cau hdi cdn trd l&l Sau xac djnh muc tieu npi dung chinh cua bai hpc, giao vien cin thiit lap cau hoi hoac he th6ng cau hoi can phai tra lai Hau hit cac loai cau hoi CO dang nhu: tai sao, bang each nao, la gi vi thong qua viec tra lai nhiing cau hoi dang miy se giilp cho hpc sinh CO dupe kien thiic ca ban vl npi dung bai hpc mpt each cin thiet nhit • Bu&c 3: Lua chgn chinh xdc vdn de dexdy dung tinh huong Sau xay dung cau hoi hoac he thong cau hoi lien quan din npi dung 48 S6 SO nam 2013 bai hpc viec lira chpn chlnh xac van de de xay dung tinh hufing la buac quan trpng qua trinh thiSt kS tinh huong Nhirng can cii de giao vien lira chpn vin dl nhu: Tinh can thiet va lpi ich ma van de dem lai sau giai quySt Tinh dan gian hay phirc tap ciia van de; van dS co qua kho hay qua de Thai gian giai quyet van de bao lau? Co phi hop vai trinh dp va tam sinh li ciia hpc sinh hay khong? Van de co de thiSt kS tinh huong khong ? Bu&c 4: Thu thgp dir lieu Thu thap du lieu dc thiet ke tinh huong bang each tim kiem tu cac nguon nhu: Tu nhCing mau chuyen ngan sach bao, tai lieu tham khiio Tir cac website, cac bao dien til, tir Internet Tir nhiing tin tire, van de, su kien nong hoi dang dien eo lien quan den bai hpc Tir nh£rng tinh huong bit gap cupc song hoac kinh nghiem ban than Tu nhimg kinh nghiem dan gian ca dao, tuc ngir Tir tranh anh minh hpa, phim anh • Bu&c 5: Danh gid vd phdn tich dir lieu Viec danh gia va phan tich du lieu la mpt nhitng buoc quan trpng ciia qua tiinh thiit kl tinh hu6ng Trong qua trinh thu thap, co nhitng vin dl chiia dung nhiSu thong tin liSn quan thi giao vien phai biit lira chpn nhiing Tgp chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen Tri Ngan thdng tin nao la quan trpng Neu dua Budc 7: Thiet ke tinh hudng qua nhilu hay qua it thdng tin se gay Nhiem vu cua giao vien la phae khd khan cho hpc sinh viee xae hpa dupe van de cd tinh phiie tap nhung dinh trpng tam ciia van dl dupe eau true mpt each logic de ngudi Tinh chinh xac va tinh thuc tiln la hpc suy nghT va glal quyet Giao vien nhiing tieu ehi hang dau viee thiit can dac biet chii y dua eae chimg ke tinh hudng gin voi thirc tien Nhiing cii hieu qua de giiip ngudi hpc kham thdng tin ma giao vien chpn lira phai du pha van de thuyet phue va cd chat lupng Bu&c 8: Hodn thien tinh huong Birdc 6: Lua chpn hinh thiec vd kT Hoan thien tinh hudng la khau thugt thiet ke cudi ciing qua trinh thiet ke tinh Sau lua chpn dupe nhiing hudng Trong qua trinh hoan thien tinh thdng tin can thiet, giao vien can lira hudng, giao vien ed the tham khao them chpn hinh thiic va kT thuat thiit kl y kien eiia ddng nghiep hay nhiing nhim khai thac tdi da gia trj ciia tinh ngudi ed ciing chuyen mdn se giiip giao hudng dem lai Tuy theo npi dung va vien ed them kinh nghiem de thuc hien dilu kien cu thi, giao vien cd the thiit tdt khau Viee cham ehiit eho tinh ke tinh hudng dudi cac hinh thiic sau: hudng d khau trinh bay, ehinh sua cac Md ta tinh hudng bang cau chuyen ldi chinh ta hoac cae chi tiet chua hpp li kl; se iam tang gia trj ciia tinh hudng sir Md ta tinh hudng thdng qua cac cau dung tho; ca dao, tue ngu- • He thong tmh huong gan voi thirc Md ta tinh hudng thdng qua nhiing tien mon Hoa hoc THPT doan phim ngan, trich doan clip, cac doan Dua theo eae kien thiie nen tang am ngin eiia sach giao khoa Hda hpc 10, 11, 12 Md ta tinh hudng thdng qua cae thi ciing vdi eae saeh tham khao khac ehung nghiem nhd tdi da xay dung he thdng tinh hudng gan Su dung eac tranh anh, hinh anh, vdi thuc tien Hda hpc nhu sau: mau vat lam gia tang them tinh chan 4.1 He thong tinh huong gdn vdi thtfc thue va thuc tien eiia tinh hudng tien mon Hoa hpc l&p 10 Bdng I He thong tinh huong gdn voi thuc tien mon Hoa hoc lop 10 STT Ten tinh huong Bai hpc diroc ap dyng Bai 2: Hat nhan nguyen tir Nguyen td hda hpc - Ddng vi Vi bom nguyen tOr, Bai 45: Hda hpc va van de cd tinh hiiy diet? mdi trudng (Lop 12) Hoat ddng ciia den Bai 22: Khai quat ve nhdm Halogen halogen Clip minh hpa x 49 sS 50 ndm 2013 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Dung djch cio lam sach Bai 23: Cio h6 bai nhu thS nao? Bai 24: Hidro cloma Axit clohidric va Phan biet mu6i an muoi clorua va muoi iot Bai 25: Flo - Brom - lot Bai 24: Hidro cloma Axit clohidric va Tning noi - Tning chim muoi cloma Bai 24: Hidro cloma Axit clohidric va Kinh doi mau muoi cloma Bai 29: Oxi - Ozon Bi mat binh duong Bai 29: Oxi - Ozon Gian mua Bai 32: Hpp chit ciia sit (Lap 12) Bai 29: Oxi - Ozon May tao ozon Bai 30: Lim huynh Thu gom thiiy ngan Bai 32: Hidro sunfiia - Luu huynh dioxit Thit tai mua tning Luu huynh trioxit Khir mill hoi cho nuac Bai 32: Hidro sunfiia - Luu huynh dioxit Luu huynh trioxit u6ng Bai 32: Hidro sun&a - Luu huynh dioxit Vi xuat Men mua Luu huynh trioxit Bai 45: Hoa hpc va van de moi truang axit? (Lop 12) Suang mil Luan Don Bai 33: Axit sunfiiric - Muoi sunfat Van chuySn axit Bai 33: Axit sunlliric - Mu5i sunfat sunfuric S6c voi nhiing guong Bai 33: Axit sunfuric - Muoi sunfat mM bi t?it axit x X X X 4.2 Hi Ihong tinh hudng gan v&i Ihirc tien mon Hda hge l&p 11 Bdng He thing linh hudng gdn v&i thirc lien mdn Hda hoc l&p 11 STT 17 18 19 50 Ten tinh hudng Bai hoc dirp'c ^p dung Bai 3: Su dien li ciia nuac pH Chit chi VS sinh rang mieng thj axit - bazo diing each Bai 38: Can bang hoa hpc (Lop 10) Dong dinh bang chu6i Bai 7: Nita Vi khoi xe Bai 7: Nita CO chira cac oxit nita? Clip minh hpa X Tgp chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Cach thirc bon phan dam Thil Mnh cua eacbon Mat na phong chdng dpe NguySn tSc hoat dpng binh Cliu hoa Goi hiit am Xang va dau hoa, chat nao dS chay ban? Hp hang nha xang Keo 502 - lpi va hai Ai diing trpm nuac hoa? Vi c4c san phim hun khoi bao quan dupe lau? Ban tay hoc lira Giai ma nguySn nhan gay ch4y xe Lam gi bi ong dot? Thii tai cua ban Nguyen Tri Ngdn Bai 12: Phan bon hoa hpc Bai 15: Cacbon X Bai 15: Cacbon Bai 16: Hap chat cua cacbon Bai 17: Silic va hap chat ciia Silic Bai 25: Ankan Bai 37: Nguon hidrocacbon thiSn nhien Bai 25: Ankan Bai 37: Nguon hidrocacbon thien nhiSn Bai 43: Hoa hpc va van dS phat triSn kinh tl (Lap 12) Bai 35: Benzen va dong dang benzen Bai 39: Dan xuat halogen cua hidrocacbon X X X Bai 40: Ancol Bai 44: Andehit - Xeton Bai 44: Andehit - Xeton X X Bai 44: Andehit - Xeton Bai 45: Axit cacboxylic Bai 45: Axit cacboxylic X H^ thong tinh huong gdn v&i thuc tiin mon Hoa hpc l&p 12 Bdng He thong tinh huong gan vdd thue tien mon Hoa hge lap 12 STT 34 35 36 37 Ten tinh huong Bai hge dirge ap dung Bai 1: Este ; Bai 5: Glueozo Qua xanh - Qua chin Lam the nao lau chiii Bai 2: Lipit bip khdi dSu md? Bai 3: Khai niem ve xa phdng va ehat Ti?n m^ khong !pi giat nia tdng hpp Bai 3: Khai niem ve xa phdng va chat Vu dieu mkn sic gigt rOra tdng hpp Clip minh hpa X Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Bai 5: Glueozo Kinh nghiem muoi dua Bai 45: Axit cacboxylic (Lap 11) Bai 6:Saecarozo,tinh hot va xenlulozo Td giay la ki Bai 25: Flo - Brom - lot (Lop 10) Bi quyet khir miii Bai 9: Amin Bai 45: Axit cacboxylic (Lop 11) cuaca Bai 10: Amino axit Say bdt ngpt Bai 45: Axit cacboxylic (Lop 11) Bai 14: Vat lieu polime Hat polime Bai 43: Hda hpc va van dl phat trien chdng han han kinhte Bai 18: Tinh chat eua kim loai - Day Pin qua chanh dien hda ciia kim Ioai Bai 25: Kim loai kilm va hpp chat quan Chat da ling dung trpng ciia kim loai kiem Bai 26: Kim loai kiem thd va hpp chat Loai dacd the an quan trpng cua kim loai kiem thd Nhdm-"Bac tii dat set" Bai 27: Nhdm va hop chit cua nhdm Bai 32: Hop chat ciia sat Thii lam nha ao thuat Benh dich thiec Bai 36: So luoc ve Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn Bai 36: So lupc vl Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn Lam trang day bae Bai 43: Hoa hpe va van de phat trien kinhte Gas cac loai Bai 25: Ankan (Lop 11) Mot so bien phap nang cao hifu qua sir dung tinh huong gan voi thirc tien Tiiy thupe vao doi tupng hpc sinh va miie dp thao vS ki nang day hpc cua giao vien ma sir dung cac tinh hudng gin vai thuc tiln cho phii hpp vai muc tiSu su pham de DS khai thac toi da hieu qua day hpc ciia cac tinh huong gan vol thuc tien, giao vien CO thS sii dung nhiing bien phap sau: • Bien phap 1: Xay dung he thing cau hoi phil hpp vai trinh dp HS 52 SS SO nam 2013 x X X X X X X • Bien phap 2: Lira chpn npi dung tinh huong phii hop vai h'inh HS • Bien phap 3: Sir dung tinh hulng phu hgfp vai npi dung day hpc • Bien phap 4: Tang cuong sii dung cac hinh anh true quan, video clip Bien phap 5: GV ph6i hpp loi kl chuySn vdi viec sii dung cac video clip • Bien phap 6: Sit dung tinh huong cac buoi hoat dpng ngoai khoa • Bien phap 7: Trao doi ngu6n tu li$u giiia cac giao viSn Vi du minh h9a six dung he th6ng tinh hu6ng gin voi thyc tiin day Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM hpc mon Hoa hpc THPT Chung tdi xin trinh bay mpt vai vi du ve cac tinh hudng da xay dung 6.1 Tmh huong 49: LAM TRANG DAY BAC Khi day bai 36 sach giao khoa 12 CO ban: "So lupc ve Ni, Kem, Chi, Thiit" Giao vien Gidi thieu doan video clip "Lam trang day bac" Giao vien dat cau hdi "Tai day bac deo lau lai trd nen xin mau? Lam the nao de day bac trang sang trd l^i?" Hu&ng ddn trd l&i: Trong khdng thudng cd hidro sunfua H2S Khi tae dung vdi bae tao bac sunfua: 4Ag + 2H2S + O2 -^ 2Ag2S + 2H2O AgaS la mpt chat ket tiia mau den, nen mieng bac se bj xin mau dan De milng bac t r ^ g sang trd leii, chung ta ngam mieng bae xin mau vao nudc tieu ho^c dung dich natri thiosunfat (Na2S203) Vi nud-c tiiu cd ion 8203^" hoac NH3 seS tao phiic vdi ion Ag"^, cac phirc tan, lam cho lop ket tiia den Ag2S hda tan vao nudc, tra iai cho bac ve sang trang nhu thudng, Ag2S-H4NH3-*[Ag(NH3)2]2S,tan) Hoac: 4Na2S203 + Ag2S -^ 2Na3[Ag(S203)2],.an) + Na2S Tuy nhien, sau can phai dun lau nudc sdi, va nen ed them chiit phen ehua v! thiosunfat ciing nhu amoniac neu cdn sdt Iai sg lam den bac nhanh chong 6.2 Tmh huong 43: PIN QUA CHANH Khi day bai "Su 5n mdn kim loai" Nguyen Tri Ngan (Sach giao khoa 12 co ban) Giao vien neu tinh hudng: "Lam the nao de tao dupe pin qua chanh bang kien thiie da hpc?" Hu&ng ddn trd l&i: Xem doan video clip pin qua chanh De che tao pin qua chanh, chung ta can: qua chanh; ddng xu bang ddng va dinh kem Cach Iam nhu sau: Dau tien, chung ta dam dinh kem vao dau ciia qua chanh Tiep theo, diing cay nhpn tao mdt Id thiing dl nhet ddng tiln xu bing dong vao dau cdn lai mdt each can than Diing vdn ke gin vao hai dien cue va dpc chi sd Nhu vay, ehiing ta da tao mdt lo^i pin di?n hda vdi cue duong (catot) la Cu (trong dong xu) va cue am (anot) la Zn (trong dinh kem) vdi dung dieh axit xitric qua chanh lam mdi trudng chat dien li Phan ling xay pin: Cicatot(-): Zn-»Zn^^ + 2e anot (+ ) : 211" + 2e -» H2 Ket lu^n Chiing tdi da xay dung hf thdng tinh hudng gin vdi thuc tien va tidn hanh thuc nghiem Tir kit qua thuc nghiem cho thiy viec sur dung he thdng tinh hudng gan vdi thue tien dem Iai cho hpc sinh su hiing thii hpe tap, da giai thich dupe cac he thdng tinh hudng gin vdi thue tien bang kien thiic Hda hpc; bien Hda hpc tir mdt mdn hpc khd khan mdt mdn hpc sinh dpng, kich thich hpe sinh dam me nghien ciiu khoa hpc He thdng tinh hudng mdi xay dung 53 Sd SO ndm 2013 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM CO tac dung tich cue ro ret, kich thich kha nSng sang tao ciia hpc sinh, ren luyen va phat trien cac kT nang tu va nang lire boat dpng cho hpc sinh chirng to viec sir dung tinh huong gin vol thgrc tiln vao day hpc Hoa hpc da gop phto ntog cao chat luong hpc t£ip mpt each hieu qua Tom lai, tir nhiing kit qua thu dupe a tren co thS di din kit Into ring cac tinh hu6ng gin vai thuc tiSn la mpt cong cu day hpc hieu qua, h6 trp dae lire cho giao viSn va la nguai bjn than thiit cila giao vien qua trinh ddi moi phuang phap d?y hpc, nang cao chit lupng bai len lap Hy vpng nhOng kit qua nghien ciiu cua de tai se dupe giao vien sir dung rpng rai va hieu qua TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Ai Da (2004), 10 vgn edu hdi vi sao, Nxb VSn hoa Thong tin Ducmg Van Dam (2006), Hda hge quanh la, Nxb Giao due Duong Van Dam (2009), Hda hge IrSn cdnh ddng, Nxb Giao due Viet Nam Luat Giao due (2001), Nxb CM'nh trj Quoc gia Tran Ngpc Mai (2003), Truyen ki 109 nguyen Id hda hge, Nxb Giao due NguySn Xuan Trucmg (2006), 385 edu hdi vd ddp vi Hda hge v&i dai sdng, Nxb Giao dye Nguyen Xuan Truang (2009), Nhiing diiu ki thii eua Hda hge, Nxb Giao dye The Truang (2006), Hda hge vd edc cdu chuyen li Ihu, Nxb Giao due Ngu^i phan bi§n khoa hpc: PGS TS Trjnh VSn Bl^u (Ngiy Tda soan nh$n dirge bii: 17-6-2013: ngiy phin bi$n dinh gii: 15-8-2013, ngiy chip nhin ding, 16-9-2013) 54 ... Nhu vay, ehiing ta da tao mdt lo^i pin di?n hda vdi cue duong (catot) la Cu (trong dong xu) va cue am (anot) la Zn (trong dinh kem) vdi dung dieh axit xitric qua chanh lam mdi trudng chat dien... hudng la khau thugt thiet ke cudi ciing qua trinh thiet ke tinh Sau lua chpn dupe nhiing hudng Trong qua trinh hoan thien tinh thdng tin can thiet, giao vien can lira hudng, giao vien ed the... bac deo lau lai trd nen xin mau? Lam the nao de day bac trang sang trd l^i?" Hu&ng ddn trd l&i: Trong khdng thudng cd hidro sunfua H2S Khi tae dung vdi bae tao bac sunfua: 4Ag + 2H2S + O2 -^ 2Ag2S