THIET KE VA StT DUNG BAI TAP DIA LI 11 THEO QUAN DIEM DOI M 6 I PHU''''OfNG PHAP DAY HOC 6 TRU''''CHVO P H O T H O N G LE THI LANH HBIK KTLA Ti udng Dgi hgc Quy Nhan Tom tat Bai bao trinh bay mot so npi dun[.]
THIET KE VA StT DUNG BAI TAP DIA LI 11 THEO QUAN DIEM DOI M I PHU'OfNG PHAP D A Y HOC TRU'CHVO P H O T H O N G LE THI LANH - HBIK KTLA Ti-udng Dgi hgc Quy Nhan Tom tat: Bai bao trinh bay mot so npi dung ca ban vl quan mem, phan loai; vi ui, vai tro, y nghia ciing nhu quy trinh, ki thuat thilt kl bai tap day hoc Dia li lop 11; Van dung lam ro qua bai Dong Nam A (tilt l-Tir nhien, dan cu va xa hpi) va de xuat each su dung theo hudng day hpc tich cue TCr khoa; Thilt kl va sir dung bai tap Dia H ldp 11 DAT VANDE Cd nhieu each thuc khac de thuc hien ddi mdi day hpc mon Dia li, dd bai tap Dia li dugc xem la mot nhimg cdng cu quan trpng Hien nay, cd nhieu tai lieu ve phuong phap day hpc dia li song rat it tai lieu trinh bay quy trinh thiet ke va each thuc sir dung he thdng bai tap Dia li nen khdng it giao vien va sinh vien cdn gap khd khan qua trinh van dung Trong pham vi bai bao nay, chiing toi trinh bay mpt sd van de CO ban VQ quy trinh, each thuc thilt ke va su dung he thdng bai tap Dia li lam eo sd cho giao vien va sinh vien ddi mdi, sang tao day hpc, gop phan nang eao hieu qua day hgc Dia li ldp 11 ndi rieng va day hgc mdn Dia li ndi chung THifeT KE VA SU' DUNG BAI T A P DIA LI 11 THEO QUAN D I E M DOI M O I PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC Ci TRUING PHO THONG 2.1 Quan niem ve bai tap Dja li Bai tap la bai cho hpc sinh lam de tap van dung nhiiiig dieu da hpc [2, tr 35] Bai tap la mot he thong thdng tin xac dinh bao gdm nhirng diau kien va nhirng yeu can dugc dua qua trinh day hpc, ddi hdi ngudi hpc mot Idi giai dap, ma Idi giai dap dd khdng d trang thai cd san ciia ngudi giai tai thai diam bai tap dugc dat [2, tr 234] XuSt phat tir nhirng dinh nghla tran chiing tdi quan niem, bai tap Dia li la mot tSp hgp thdng tin bao gom nhung dieu kien va nhtmg yeu cau dugc dua qua trinh day hgc Dia li Thdng qua viec thuc hien cac bai tap se giiip hgc sinh phat hien, md rpng, eiing cd kiln thuc va ren luyen kT nang nhd phat triln hr dia li va bli dudng thu hgc tap bp mon 2.2 Phan loai Trong qua trinh nghien ciru, theo chiing tdi he thong bai tap day hpc Dia H 11 hien nay, gdm: Dua vao npi dung day hgc: Bai tap cd ndi dung khai quat nan fdnh tl (KT) the gidi; bai tap vl xac dinh va danh gia y nglna cua vi tri dia li, dieu kien tu nhian, dan cu - xa hdi ciia mpt Tap chi Khoa hoc va Giao due, Tnrtrng Dai hoc Su ph^m Hue ISSN 1859-1612, 36 0I(29)/2O13: tr 69-78 LE THI LANH - HBIK KTLA quoc gia- bai tap \ I tmh hmh phat diln KT chung va cac nganh KT cua mpt qu6c gia; bai tap vl su phan 'b6 dan cu, ndng nghiep, eong nghiep cua mot qudc gia Dua vao muc dich ren luyen Id ndng- Bai tap ren luyen kJ nang khai diac tri thuc tir ban di, luge do; nhan xet bang s6 lieu thdng ka; ve bieu va nhan xet bieu do; thu thap va xir'li thdng tm dia b; vilt bao cao; lap va phan tich so do; nhan xet franh anh Dua vao hinh thuc thi hien: Bai tap dang so dd, bai tap dang bang kian thirc, bai tap trSc nghiem, bai tap d chiJ Dua vao tinh chdt cua bdi tap: Bai tap tai hien va bai tap nhan thuc Dua vao hinh thirc su dung: Bai tap thuc hien tai ldp, bai tap vl nha hoac bai tap ca nhan va bai tap nhdm 2.3 \ i tri, vai tro va y nghla ciia bai tap day hgc Dia li 11, THPT 2.3.1 Bai tap Dia ligopphhn thuc hien tot muc tieu cua mon hgc - Bdi lap Id phuang tien diphdt triin tu duy, tinh tich cue vd sdng tgo cho hgc sinh Tu ciia ngudi chi thuc su phat triln dimg trudc nhung yeu cau, nhimg tinh huong phai giai quylt Tinh chat cua bai tap, dac biet cac bai tap nhan thirc, duge giao vien thilt kl da su dung day bai mdi ddi hoi hgc sinh phai nd luc ca nhan hoac hgp tac vdi ban dl giai quylt, qua dd phat trien tu va tinh sang tao cho bgc sinh - Bdi tap Dia li Id phuang tien de hmh vd ren luyen Id ndng cho hgc sinh Theo li thuyat tam li hoat dpng, ch! boat dpng kt nang mdi hinh va phat trien Li luan day hpc dia li eh! ro co each thuc de ren luyen ki nang cho hpc sinh; thdng qua viec lam mlu, qua bai tap va qua bai thuc hanh Theo quan diem day hpc hien nay, giao vien khdng chi giao bai tap ve nha cho hpc sinh ma can tich cue sir dung bai tap gid hpc tran ldp Viec lam neu dugc thuc hien thudng xuyen se co tac dung Idn ddi vdi viec hinh va ren luyen cac kT nang dia U eho hge sinh - Bdi tdp Dia li Id phucmg tien dgy hgc lich hap cac ngi dung giao due qua mon hgc Do dac diam npi dung, mon Dia ii ldp 11 cd xii nhilu co hpi cho viec tich hgp cac npi dung giao due dan sd - mdi trudng, giao due phdng-franh thien tai va biln dii hau Qua viec thuc hien eac bai tap lian quan din cac ngi dung giao due ndi trSn, thi hien quan dilm day hgc mdi: giao vien khong thuylt trinh mpt chieu ma td chuc cho hgc sinh lam viec dpc lap hoac theo nhom, qua giup bgc sinh n^m vung kiln thuc, hmh thai dp va hanh vi diing dSn 2.3.2 Bai tap Dia ligop phdn thuc hien tdt dinh hu&ng ddi mdi qua trmh dgy hgc dia li Viec ddi mdi phuong phap d^y hpc Dia li hien tap trung vao yen td quan trpng eua qua trinh day hgc: thiet kl bai day hpc, t6 chuc bai day dja li va ddi mdi kilm tra, danh gia kat qua hpe lap ciia hgc sinh THIET KE VA SU DUNG BAI TAP DIA LY 11 Trudc het, bai tap Dja li dugc xem la hat nhan thiat ke bai day hgc theo quan diam cdng nghe day hgc va day hgc kien tao Thu hai, bai tap Dia li la cdng cu da giao vien tien banh ddi mdi each thuc to chuc bai day bgc dia li Viec sir dung bai tap h-ong day bai mdi gdp ph4n thay ddi each day ciia thay va each hgc ciia trd; giao vien khdng phai la ngudi tmyan thu nhiing tri thuc da chuan bi san cho bpc sinh ma Ja ngudi hudng dan, dieu khian cac boat dpng cua hgc sinh da thue hien cac bai tap, hpc sinh khdng cdn thu dpng ma rich cue lam viec ca nhan, theo nhdm de giai quyet cac bai tap giao vien yau can Cach thiic td chirc bai hoc nhu vay the hien dugc quan diem thAy thiat ka, trd thi cong; quan diam day hpc hgp tac va phan hda Thu ba, bai tap Dia li cdn la cdng cu da ddi mdi hinh thiic kiem tra - danh gia ket qua hgc tap cua hgc sinh Cac bai tap dugc su dung khau hpe tap d nha, day bai mdi va on tap gdp phan tao dieu kien eho hgc sinh tu danh gia va danh gia lan Cac bai tap dugc sir dung kiam tra bai cu se han chi tinh trang hgc vet Cac bai tap kiem tra viet giup giao vien danh gia hpc sinh ca d khia canh: kien thuc, kT nang va thai 2.4 Quy trinh, ki thuait thilt k l bai tap Dja li 11 2.4.1 Yeu cau vd nguyin tdc cda viic thiit ke bdi tap Dia li - Bdi tap phdi phit hop voi miic tieu, npi dung vd trinh dp hgc sinh Npi dung eac bai tap dugc bien soan phai phii hgp vdi mue tiau cua chuong trinh, ciia bai hpc mdi co gia tri thuc tien; ddng thdi, phai bam sat ndi dung ciia chuong trinh, ciia tirag bai bgc; dam bao co su phan hda theo trinh hgc sinh, tao diau kien cho hgc sinh van dung kien thuc Id nang de giai quyet cac bai tap - Bdi tap phdi ddm bdo tinh khoa hgc vd lien he thuc tien Cac bai tap bien soan phai dam bao tinh khoa bgc, npi dimg bai tap gan vdi ndi dung cua chuang trinh, saeh giao khoa, phai dam bao tinh chinh xac Ddng thdi, he thdng bai tap can cd nhimg bai tao diau kien eho hgc sinh luyen tap van dung nhirng kien thuc da hgc vao giai quyet cac su vat, hien tugng dja li thuc tien, thuc bien phucmg cham "bgc di ddi vdi hanh" - Hi thong bdi tap cdn ddm bao tinh phong phii vd da dgng Cac bai tap he thong phai phong phii va da dang, hen quan den cac mang kian thuc va Id nang khac ciia chuong trinh, ddng thdi hinh thiirc tha hien da dang gdp phan tang thii eua hpc sinh qua trinh giai cac bai tap - Bdi tap phai tao dieu kiin toi da cho hoc sinh khai thac tri thuc tir phuang tien day hgc Ndi dung cua mdn Dia li Idp 11 bao gdm nhirng van dl kinh tl - xa hpi (KT-XH) ciia cac khu vuc va cac qudc gia tren tha ^idi Phin Idn nhimg ndi dung dugc tha hien qua ban do, bang sd lieu thong ke, bieu do, so va bang kien thuc Do do, eac bai tap LE THI LANH - HBIK KTLA xay dung dn phai tao dilu kien tii da cho viec su diing cac kenh hmh saeh giao khoa va cac phuong tien day hgc khac bao gdm ca viec ung dung cdng nghe thdng tin - Bdi tap phdi tao diiu kien cho gido vien td chirc dgy hgc theo hu&ng tich cue Ben canh viec tao diiu kien tii da cho hgc sinh su dung cac phuong tien day hgc, viec thilt ki cac bai tkp cSn chii >' tao dilu kien cho giao vien van dung cac hinh thirc to chirc day hpe (uan ldp, d nha; hinh thuc ca nhan, theo nhdm va theo ldp) va cac phuong phap day hpc tich cue: dam thoai ggi md, giai quylt vin de, thao luan, tranh luan, ddng vai 2.4.2 Quy trinh thiit ki bdi tap - Bu&c Xdc dinh loai bdi tap cdn thiet ke Trudc hit, giao vian cin xac djnh bai tap dinh thiet ka thupc loai nao he thong phan loai tren, tren co sd xac dinh muc dich cua bai tap - Bu&c 2: Xdc dinh npi dung, each trinh bay vd hinh thirc the hien cua bdi tap Trudc bet, giao vien can xae dinh npi dung cua bai tap the hien khai niem, mdi lian he nhan qua hay quy luat dia b npi dimg dd thudc bai nao, muc nao SGK Tran ca sd ciia ndi dung, giao \ ien xac dinh each trinh bay va hinh thirc the hien ciia bai tap Doi vdi cac bai tap ed ndi dung ve cac mdi lien he dia li thi so ddng vai trd quan trgng; cac npi dimg cd tinh chat so sanh, tdng hgp va khai quat hda thi bai tap lam viec vdi bang kien thiic se hgp li hon; npi dimg la cac khai niem, thuat ngir thi hinh thuc the hi?n ciia bai tap la trac nghiem khach quan hoac trd choi d chir chiem uu tha Ben canh dd, giao vian cung can chii y den cac ndi dung thuc hanh de thiet ke cac bai tap ren luyen k! nang cho hgp li - Buoc 3: Thu thap cdc thong tin, xay dimg co s& die lieu Nguon thu thap thdng tin de xay dung he thong bai tap Dja li rat phong phu: saeh giao khoa, saeh giao vien, eac tai lieu tham khao, nien giam thdng ke, Microsoft Encarta World Atlas Sau thu thap thdng tin, Giao vien can xay dung co sd dii heu khoa hpc nham thuan lgi cho \iec tra cuu thdng tin bian soan bai tap - Bu&c 4: Xir li thong tin vd bien soan bdi tap Tuy theo muc dich ciia bai tap, giao vien chgn Igc va xu li didng tin eho phu hgp sau tien hanh bien soan cac bai tap Trong chii y cac yau ciu ciia bai tap phai phii hgp vdi du lieu; cac didng tin, dii lieu bai tap phai dugc trinh bay rd rang, ngSn gon, chinh xac, dl bieu, khong tao nhilu each hilu khac 2.5 \'\ du minh hga Bai 11 KHU VUC DONG NAM A Tilt TU NHIEN, DAN CU' VA XA HOI THIET KE VA SU DUNG BAI TAP DIA LY 11 2.5.1 Dgng bdi tap so hoa moi lien hi giira cdc kien thiirc dia li Bai tap Hoin th&oh sff sau: (Dua vdo ban dd Hdnh chinh chdu A hoac hinh I I.I vd ndi dung muc L1 xdc dinh vi tri dia li, pham vi lanh thd Ddng Nam A Ddnh gid thuan lai vd khd khan ciia vi tri dia li, lanh thd ddi vai su phat trien KT-XH cua khu vuc) Muc tieu: Qua viec thuc hien bai tap 1, hgc sinh xac dinh dugc vi tri dia li ciia DNA tren ban do, ddng thdi phan tich dugc y nghTa eiia vi tri dia li va pham vi lanh thd DNA doi vdi su phat triln KT-XH cua khu vuc Cach thuc su dung: giao vien su dung phuong phap dam thoai ggi md, hudng din hgc sinh khai thac tri thiic ban dd Hanh chinh chau A kat hgp vdi kenh hinh SGK de hoan 2.5.2 Dgng bdi tap so sanh, khdi quat hda vd hi thong hoa kien thuc (Bdi tap dgng bang kiin thuc) B4i tap Hoin bang sau: Dua vdo lug trang vd SGK, xdc dinh cdc quoc gia thudc DNA luc dia vd DNA bien dao 2: Dua vdo hinh II.I vd ngi dung muc 1.2 vd 1.3 SGK, hay so sanh dieu kien tu nhien vd tdi nguyen th en nhien giira khu vi^c Ddnh gid v nf.hia ciia diiu kien tif nhien ddi vdi su phdt trien kinh te- xd hpi ciia DNA DNA luc dja TIT nhiSn DNA bieo dao Quoc gia Dia hinh D^t dai Khi hau $3ng ng6i Khoang san Sinh vat * Thuan lgi: * Khd khan: => Giai phap: Viec phat trien giao thdng theo hudng ddng- tdy cd y nghia nhu the ndo ddi vdi su phdt triin kinh te - xd hgi cua khu vuc DNA luc dia? Tra ciru thdng lin tir Internet, hay cho biet hdnh lang kinh te Ddng - Tdy: - Thupc cac quoc gia: - Y nghTa; LE THJ LANH - HBIK KTLA Muc tieu: Qua viec thuc Men bai tap 2, hoc sinh so sanh dugc dac diem tu nhien ciia DNA luc dia \ a DNA hai dio, dong thai danh gia dugc y nghla ciia dieu kien tir nhien, tai nguyen thien nhien d6i vai viec phat trijn KT-XH ciia khu vuc Ren luyen ki nang doc ban d6, phan tich, so sanh, danh gia va lien he thirc tien Nhan thuc dugc y nghia ciia viec sir dung hgp li tai nguyen thien nhien, phong chong thien tai va ling voi bien doi kht hau Cach thirc sii dung: Doi voi cau 1, sii dung hmh thuc lam viec cap doi; Cau lam viec nhom; Cau giao vien cho hpc sinh quan sat mot so tranh anh va doan phim ngan ve bao hoac song thin, sir dung huih thuc thao luan lap de danh gia thuan lgi va kho khan ciia tu nhien doi voi phat ttiin KT-XH ciia khu vuc, d6ng thai dua mot s6 bien phap viec sir dung hgp li tai nguyen, phong chong thien tai va ung vai bien doi hau ciia khu virc; Can va co th^ t6 chuc thao luan lop hoac danh de huong dan hoc sinh lam nha 2.5.3 Dgng bdi tap so sanh, nhan xet bang so lieu thong ki Bai %p 3: Cho bang so lifu sau: Bang I Ddn sd vd mdi ddn sd cdc qudc gia Ddng Nam A ndm 2011 [4] Dan so The giol fidng N a m A So dan (trieu ngudi) 987,0 601,9 51 134 Mat dp dan so (ngudi/ km") Bang Sd ddn vdmatdu TT Qu6c gia In-do-ne-xi-a ddn so the gidi vd Dons Nam A nam 2011 [41 sSdSn (triln ngirdl) Mat dg DS (ngirfri/km^) 238,2 125 Phi-lip-pin 95,7 Viei Nam 87.8 Thai Lan .Vii-an-ma Ma-lai-xi-a TT Q u i c gia Cam-pu-chia So dSn MatdpDS (trifu ngirdl) (ngu-M/ltni^) 14,7 81 319 Lao 6,3 26 265 Xin- ga-po 5,2 7565 69.5 135 10 Dong Ti-mo 1,2 80 54,0 80 11 Bni-nei 0,4 71 28,9 88 Ngudn: Thong Ice nude ngoai Tong cue Ihong Ae Dya vao bang lieu tren, k et ho p vo'i m uc 11.1 (SGK) trinh bay nhirng d^c di£m chinh ve dan c u c Ja Dong Nam A b i ng each hoan t h a n h cac cho t r d n g sau: D$c diem dan cir :ua khu vuc ong Vam A: ^ dan s( the gidi) - Mai dan so (g cao thap nhat la -Tl uai gia tang dan s l tu nhien THIET KE VA SU' DUNG BAI TAP DIA LY 11 - C o cau dan so - N g u o n lao dpng -Phanbo dancu -I- Cac nude co mat dan so cao (tren 100 ngudi/km"): :on >*^Sgcv6udc CO mat dan so t n m g binh (50 - 100 ngndi/km"): + N u d e CO m$.x dan so thap (