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NGHIEN CUV ca KHUNG THIET KE CHUONG TRINH MON HOC KET HOP DAY HOC VA DANH GIA DOA VAO NlO HINH PHAT TRIEN N A N G L U C NGUViNTHIUNPHiraNG Vien Khoa hoc Gido due net Nam rdm tat Bdi vHtdi xudt sCf dun[.]
NGHIEN CUV ca KHUNG THIET KE CHUONG TRINH MON HOC: KET HOP DAY HOC VA DANH GIA DOA VAO NlO HINH PHAT TRIEN N A N G L U C NGUViNTHIUNPHiraNG Vien Khoa hoc Gido due net Nam rdm tat: Bdi vHtdi xudt sCf dung mot khung ho tra viic thiit ki ehuang trinh (CT} mdn hgc theo hudng kit hap dgy hpc vd ddnh gid ndng Itfc ngudi hpc dtfa theo mgt md hinh/dudng phdt triin ndng Itfe Trong bdi, tde gid tap trung phdn tich nhdng lai ich chd yiu md CT man hoc danh eho hge sinh (HS) Khi phdt triin CT mdn hgc edn chd y: 1/Xdc dinh sU ddng gdp cda mon hgc digiup HS ttf tin, cd kindng hpc tdp, song vd ldm viec ed trdeh nhiim; 2/ LUa chpn vd to chtfc ngi dung, thiit ki nhiem vu hgc tdp tS chdc qud trinh hge tdp nhdm tgo cahdi died nhdn phdt triin sd thich, hUng thd tiim ndng cda bdn thdn; 3/Xdy dtfng ki hogch gido due theo hUdng tich hap ddnh gid, gidng day vd hgc tdp trin cdsd dudng phdt trien hpc tap TCflthda: Chuang trinh mdn hgc; khung thiet ki chuang trinh mdn hgc; dgy hoc; ddnh gid, phdt trien ndng Itfc (Nhdn bdi ngdy 19/02/20 ] 6; Nhdn kit qud phdn biin vd chlnh sda ngdy 09/3/2016; Duyet dang ngdy 24/6/2016} Gidi thieu b6i d n h phat triln chiTong trinh mdn hoed Viet Nam T Xu hudng qudc ti Gan day, OECD khuyin d o , ddi mdi CT gido due phd thdng (GDPT) dUpc xem Id hieu qud n l u nd thtic sU °sdng° trUdng hpc - tdc 11 nd phin dnh dupe nhu d u ddnh gid, day vd hpc cda nhd tnidng, khdng phdi ehi ed su ehi dao tdehinh quyin trung uong [1 ] Nhiiu qudc gia dang ddi mdi CT GDPT theo hudng vira ddp dng md hlnh nhdn edch ngUdt HS tuong lai, vda dap dng nhu d u thUe tien nhd trucmg hien tai, eu t h i nhU sau: - CT Scotland ho trd HS trd "ngudi hgc thdnh cdng, ed nhdn tu tin cong ddn cd trdeh nhiim vd cd nhdn ddng gdp hiiu qud" Mdi ITnh vUc phdi xdc djnh nhijtig ddng gdp eu t h i vdo md hlnh ndy Kl hoach giao due duac thiet k l d i m bdo ed sii linh hoat ding k l cho nhi trudng Vi du, thiet lap khung cle hoat ddng ddnh g i l , gilng day vd hpc tap tfch hpp xuyen mdn, lien mdn [2] - CT Uc nhdm hd trp de HS trd thdnh "nguS/ hge thdnh cong cd nhdn ttf tin vd sdng tgo, cdng ddn tich etfc vd todn cdu" dupc xem la tong hda ndng lUc ehung (Sd dung ngdn ngd; Tinh todn; Cdng nghl thdng tin; TU phe phin vd sdng tao; Cd nhdn vd xd hdi; iJng xddao ddc; Hilu b i l t da v l n hda) CT mdn hpc dUdc xay dUng tren Cd sd thUe tien nhd trUdng theo hudng: mue tilu ddng gdp vio md hlnh ngudi hpc; td chdc ndi dung theo Idp hpe v l d p hoc; chuan d l u the hien su phit triln ning luc Trong dd, md hinh/dudng phdt trien ndng lue phdi md td sU ting d i n v l rdng, slu cda kiln thdc va sU thdnh thao kl nang tai dilm chuyln giao hai giai doan giao due lien tilp Ke hoach ddnh gid, gidng day, hpc tap dUa tren ed sd dudng phdt trien ndng lUe phu hpp vdi mdn hoc [3]; [4] - CT Singapore nhim tao "con ngudi tu tin, ttf dinh hudng, ddng gdp tich etfc vd cdng ddn todn cdu' - Id tdng hda cdc gid trj (trich nhilm, td nhdn thUc, tu quin li, qudn If mdi quan hi) va kl ning (giao tilp, tU p h i phin v l sing tao, hieu bilt cdng dan, nhan thUe todn cau vd liln vdn hda) cot Idi CT mdn hoc ddpc thiet ke trin CO sd xac djnh su ddng gdp vdo md hinh nhdn each tai mdi d p hpc (Vi du, HS cudi d p Tilu hoc cd t h i : phdn biet ddng vd sai; chia s l su hilu bilt vdi ngudi khde; xdy dung tlnh ban; ed sU td md khoa hpe; ludn suy nghl vd li gili; t i i hdo ve minh; ed thdi quen Idnh manh; yeu dat nude) [S], - CT Nam Phi nhim gidp HS trd "ngUdi hpc cd hiiu qud vd cong ddn cd trdeh nhiim'thdng qua cdc kT ndng sdng (giao tilp, tU p h i phan, boat ddng vd qudn li thdng tin, lam viec nhdm vd cdng ddng, ddnh gia) Dudng phat triln moi kT nang dupe phdc hpa trdi sudt d c giai doan gilo due ChuIn CT mdn hpe md td sii phdt triln eac kT ndng (su thdch thdc v l ndi dung, su phdc tap v l nhiem vu, vd sii phdt triln ve ndng lUc) Lap k l hoach dinh gid, day va hpe tren cd sd dudng phdt triln d c kT nang v l ndi dung hpc t i p [6] 1.2 Binh hudng doi mdi chUOng trinh gido due tiiong d Viet Nam Muc tieu CT GDPT mdi Id: "Phdt triin khd ndng von cd cua bdn thdn, hinh thdnh tinh cdch vd thdi quen; phdt trien hdi hod vi thi chdt vd tinh thdn; trd ngUdI hge tieh etfc, tu tin, ed j? thdc Itfa chpn nghi nghiep vd hgc tap suot ddt; cd nhu^g pham chdt vd cdc ndng Itfc edn thiit di trd thdnh ngudi cdng ddn co trdeh nhlim, ngUdi lao ddng edn eii, cd tri thdc vd sdng tgo" Cdc muc tieu nly dupe t h i hiln cu t h i d ba phim chat {song yeu thuang song tu chu, song trdeh nhiim) v l nang luc chung [tuhpe, gidi quyet vdn de vd sdng tgo, thdm mi, thi chdt, giao tiip, hap tde, tinh todn, cdng nghe thdng tin - truyin thdng) [7] Qua phdn tieh npi hdm muc tilu vd nhdng yiu td thdnh phin cua d c phim chat, nang lue ndi tren, chung tdi thiy ed the khai qudt hda ring, CT mdi se eung d p mdi trudng gido due, tao ea hoi d l HS ed t h i trd "cd nhdn tu tin; ed cdc kl ndng hoc tdp sudt ddi, s6ng vd ldm viic; cdng ddn ed trdeh nhiim" (xem hlnh 1) Olp dng yeu elu x l hdi v l nhu d u thuc tiln, CT mdi se ed mdt sd ddc diem sau: S(ilZe-TliANGfi/2016-l| ca NGHIEN c u r u - Tap trung gido due eo bdn, aas diB c6 trich Bhlfm Cin! Cacpkam chit: todn diln (qua ITnh vUc tich CicphSmckif >\.da O^ng ngiftii kUc hpp) d cap Tilu hpc vd d p Trung ^iham gia c6 trtch n h i ^ doi sdag chmh >lu6n viifE Uio hpe CO sd (TVICS); gilo due hudng >tti Itic VI c6 m ^ tic tii, kndi l i xl W v i vin b6i nghiep (qua cdc mdn hpc phan CieU-iaiiie: hda theo hinh thdc b i t bude >t& (Mc, dmyfa jdi^c nguU kbic vi ty qidn U >!& s ^ Uidi nqdi, b k h A " ' vd tu chpn); tao cd hpi dat trinh dd trung hpc phd thdng (THPT) qudc gia; - Quy dinh k i t qud dau mdi d p hpc v l pham chit vd ning luc ehung; hd trd HS dat ede k i t q u i dau thdng qua he thdng mdn hpc, chuyln de hpe tap vd boat dong trdi nghiem sing tao; C ^ kl Biiig bye l|p anit dU, U id iCTallwvifc - Tao ed hdi phit triln kT ndng hpe tap sudt diH, kT ning >5U dyng ngoD ngu (li£ng Vi$ va ngOf i ngii), gino liepva liiili toin sdng (yeu thUdng, t u chd, cd > a i dyng cong i^b^ (ki ihu^ «5, ICT) traog b^c t«p v> Um vijc >-liea kel, b ^ tic w t ^ cic nhom bgc t ^ lim vi$c c4 h i ^ cpii trach nhilm) v l kT nang lam vile ^dun: hJiB va dinh gui s>>>i Pll^ * ^ ^ t'°*>E ^ 1t^ ^ ' " ^ " P ™ ™0< l ^ d ed hai giai doan giao due; >SBy Ditf sing « a v i dac ^ Bong hpc Ifr, tnaiB cic bA ciah oAi - D i m bdo nhjp dp hpe tap vd thich thdc hpc tap phu hop Hinh 1: Muc dich cua CTGDPT eho mpi HS trin cd sd hdng thd, Khung thiit ki CT mdn hoc (Framework for khd nang t i l m an moi ngUdi; - Ddm bdo kit ndi d e hoat ddng giao due (hoc tap, curriculum design) md t l cdc y i u d u khdi quit vd qui trinh xay dyng, k i t ndi ede thdnh td CT d l gidi quylt mdt day hpe vd ddnh gid) de ho trd tdt sU phat trien nhin d c h HS (ed nhdn ttf tin; ed cdc ki ndng hoe tap suot ddi, sd d u hdi cd bdn, ching ban nhu "nhdng gl d n ddpc hoc", "dc nguon ldc ndo Id can thiet", "cdch thdc ddnh song vd ldm viic; Id cdng ddn cd trdeh nhiim) De tim hilu nhu d u thUe tien, t d nam 2013, mdt gid viec hpe t h i ndo" d l b i o dim bio hlnh thdnh mo sd y tudng tren da dupc thd nghiim tai 187 trUdng phd hinh ngudi hpc dU kiln [9] thdng gdm: dieu chlnh elu trdc, ndi dung day hpe; xay Chung tdi d l xuat mdt khung thilt k l CT mdn hpc dyng ke hoach giao due mdn hpc, hoat ddng gido due - de mdn hpc gdp phan tieh eye gidp HS trd thdnh "cd cCia trudng; ddi mdi phuong phdp vd hlnh thdc gido due, nhdn ttf tin; cd cdc ki ndng hge tap sudt ddi, s6ng vd ldm kiem tra va danh gid k i t qud gido due theo hudng phat viic; vd cdng ddn cd trdeh nhiim" (xem hinh 2) triln ndng lUc; doi mdi qudn li giao cJue nham nang eao 2.1 NhCmg fgi ich chd yiu md chuang trinh mdn hieu qud eda CT gido dye nhd trudng; [8] hpc ddnh cho hgc sinh Tren cd sd dinh hudng CT tdng t h i cua Bp GD&OT, ehung Nguyen tif mk 1^ CT mfln hgc tdi d l xuat mdt khung thiet ke J-T?o w Ihich italc CT mdn hpe theo hudng k i t hpp ^CM bong d@ 4ng va dp s3u >Minh chbiE s|i uSn b{) hgc l$p ddnh gid, gilng day va hpe tap « Tfch bfj) diidi el« Eli« < ^Tfo 3(1 kit nii _ nhdm phdt triln ndng lue, ho trd >Diim bao Eir phu ht;^ ! >;Cimg df) CO h4i I >TBO CO h^ lua cbDo cho ci iddn d l HS trd thdnh "cd nhdn ttf tin; ed iiu hpc nnh >Ca hgi pMl infti hoai dfni hgc Ijp h(n in6n cdc ki nang hpc tdp suot ddi, song >-ICJ ho»ch bpc l|p, vinf dty vi dbih giicdiS vd ldm viec; vd cdng dan eo trach trtn CO d u ^ phit tnCn bgc tt^ tdnli phit triis h^ tfp frChi^ luTc hgc tin p i i « d|y v> dinh git: nhiem" 'Dinh gii dpttio ching cft vi dutaBfU Khung thiet ke chUcmg )-Myi; dfch CT man hgc tribbgotfa , ijm qua diu trinh mdn hoc theo hddng kit >KM >MdhlnlVdudng pbiltn&ihgc l ^ ã'Biodiaktiqiai ô w i i l a t i e i H ^ | ^ l htfp danh gia, gilng day va hoc vXipki bwdi hoe tfp: A K ; M l g H tap Theo UNESCO, CT mon hgc « Ifi ich d n y ^ c u CT diih cbo HS la tap hpp nhdng kinh nghiim, kiln thdc, kT nang mdn hpe, dupc n i suot nf I6p I dJo 12.06 cic man hgc cillSi A mli Hrdi vve hgc ifp >EXii^ hpc cigl CT Ihone n lap Ihi Cd bin rein diffi: ni tip 10 d ^ IA]) 12 thi huAng ngjiifr, chuyin du; Ilia chpn, td chdc va lap k l hoach >Cung cap cab^ rial ui&icickynir^ hoc ttpsoit doi Vyidngsiiigvafcyaiiiglim vifc; , thyc hien giai doan giao >M£ti