NGHiiN cmi C Q GIAO DUC TINH TU LAP CHO TRE NlAU GIAO VAN DE CAP THIET HIEN NAY NGUYIN TH! NHUNG TniAng Cao ding Su pham Trung uong Tdm tSt Oiehd ddng phdt triin tinh ttf lap eho tri mdu gido, viee ng[.]
NGHiiN cmi C Q GIAO DUC TINH TU LAP CHO TRE NlAU GIAO VAN DE CAP THIET HIEN NAY NGUYIN TH! NHUNG TniAng Cao ding Su pham Trung uong Tdm tSt: Oiehd ddng phdt triin tinh ttf lap eho tri mdu gido, viee nghiin etfu mdt cdch cd hi thong, todn dien cdc vdn di cd liin quan din cdng tde gido due tlnh tu lap eho tri mdm non rdt quan trgng, dem Igi nhiiu htfu ich doi vdi ede nhd gido due cdc bde phu huynh giai dogn hiin Bdi viit dicdp din nhtfng vdn de Uludn ea bdn vi tinh tuldp cda tri mam non Thong qua diiu tra khdo sdt 208 tri thugc hai trudng mdm non tren dia bdn thdnh phoHd Npi, tdc gid dixudt mdt s6 kiin nghj nhdm ndng cao hiiu qud gido due tinh tuldp eho tri mau gido Tir khda: Tinh tu ldp; gido due tfnh ttf idp; tri mdu gido (Nhdn bdi ngdy 25/3/2016; Nhdn kit qud phdn biin vd chlnh stfa ngdy 17/4/2016; Duyit ddng ngdy 24/6/2016} I.Datvandl Tinh ty lap khdng ty phit hinh thdnh ma la k i t q u i cCia qua trinh rfn luyln thudng xuyfn, liu d i i b i t d i u td tudi thd Gido dye tlnh tu lip cd y nghTa mpi giai doan hinh thdnh nhdn d c h , dac biet ddi vdi t r i mlu gilo c i If ludn vd thuc t i l n d l u khing djnh: Mau giao Id Ida tudi d n thiet phli gilo dye, hinh thinh eho trf thdi quen tu lip Do dd, gido due xly dUng tinh tU lap cho trf mlu gido la mdt nhifm vu quan trpng d n phdi tien hdnh sdm Cae ble phy huynh vd gilo viln mIm non eln nhin thdc slu sie v l n d l nly, phit hifn sdm nang ty lap eda trf, ludn tdn trpng nhdng bilu biln ty lip eda t r i ; ddng thdi, cd nhilu biln phdp tieh cue tdc dpng ddng d i n se ning eao hifu q u i phit huy tlnh ty lip cho t r i Trin cd sd dd, gdp phin hlnh thdnh nhdng phim chit qu^ biu t^o nfn tdng vdng chic cho trf trddc ngddng cda bude vIo cudc ddi, dupe the hifn qua tdng giai doan tuoi khae Tri - tudi: Tinh ty lip dUdc t h i hiln d vile b i t chude nhdng hdnh ddng cua ngUdi Idn, sy phdn dnh true t i l p hdnh vi Ldc nay, tinh tu ldp ciia t r i thuin tiiy d khia eanh hanh vi Khi ngUdi Idn eung d p eho t r i vdt, ehdi de d m nam, trf tap sd dyng ehung de thda man nhu d u Trf - tudi: Trf xuat hifn nhu d u ty khang djnh minh, t h i hiln qua hdnh ddng t d lip khdng phy thudc vdo ngudi Idn nhU tU ldm lay mdt sd cdng vifc smh hoat hdng ngdy (tu xiic cam, mac quan do, xep hinh ) vd giao t i l p dng xd Nhd vay, day Id giai doan xult hiln nhdng t i l n de quan trpng ddnh gia sy phdt triln tinh tuldp cda t r i Trf - tudi: Day Id giai doan m l sU phdt triln v l t h i chat tam If da cd budc nhdy vpt, nhdng dau hilu ty Ifp tren binh difn rpng vd slu hon Ode bift, hoat NhOhg v^n d l ca bin v l tfnh t d lip cda tr4 d ddng, trf ludn the liifn rd su nd lUc eiia 'j' chl, nilm tin vao b i n than vd cao hon la tre cd bilu hiln mang tinh trUfmg mau gilo sdng tao 2.1 Khdi niim vitlnh tuldp 2.3 Casd hinh thdnh vd phdt trien tinh tuldp cda Dua tren elc t i l p edn khdc nfn ed nhieu quan nifm, cleh hilu khdc nliau eiia d c nhi nghifn cdu, cdc tri mau gido Cdc nhd khoa hpc da eh? rang tinh ty lap eiia trf nhd khoa hpe v l tlnh ty lip Theo chdng tdi, tlnh tU lip Id mdt nhiJ'ng phim chit cda nhdn edch, dupe hinh dupe hinh thdnh eo bdn dua tren sy phdt triin cda ba thdnh q u i trinh boat ddng eiia e l nhdn, the hien td sau: {1)Sy hinh thdnh tfnh ty lip xult phdt tdsy mdi quan hf vd\ cdc sy vit, hifn tupng, vdi ngUdi khic v l xuat hifn y thdc bdn nga vd nhu d u ty khang djnh minh vdi bin than Nd t h i liifn qua thdi dp tu gidc, tutin, khd eda trf; (2) Tinh tu lip cda tre hinh tiidnh vd phit triln nang t u d i t mue dich, nhilm vu, ke hoach hanh ddng, nhd su phdt trien tinh chd djnh hdnh ddng; (3) tu ^ e u khiln b i n t h i n vdi sy nd lyc cao ve tri tuf, t h i Tinh ty lap cda trf dupe hinh thdnh va phat trien thdng luc, tinh elm vd y chi qud trinh ty hoat ddng nhim qua ren luyfn kT ndng vd thdi quen [1] thod man nhu elu bdn t h i n vd mang y nghTa xa hpi Tinh ty lap la mdt chl sd phdt triln nhdn cdch cua Ty l i p vda I I n i t tfnh d c h vda Id pham chat y chi, tre, dUde hlnh thdnh va phit triln qua ede boat ddng vda Id dilu kiln cda ho?t ddng c l nhin Nd t h i hifn tinh khde Cae nha giao due d n nam rd dupe qud trinh xa hdi cao cda ngddi - Id mdt nhutig dieu kifn hinh va phdt trien tinh ty lap eho tre de cd nhdng de ngddi tdc ddng d i n ty nhien vd xa hdi, thda mdn phuong phdp, biln phap tac ddng phd hpp, khuyen khich nang ty lap va gidp tre hinh thdnh tinh ty lip, nhu ciu v i t chit vd tinh thin 2.2 bdc diim tinh tU ldp cOa tri mSu gido qua gdp phan phdt triln vd hoan thiln nhdn d c h eda tre tdhgadtuSicuOii 2.4 Vai tro cua tinh tU lap vdi sU hinh va Tfnh t y ldp ed d moi ngUiA, nhien mdc dp the phdt trien nhan cdch tri hiln thudc vao dac dilm tdm sinh li eda e l nhan, • Tinh tu Idp gidp tri phdt trien cdc phdm chdt tri tue: diiu kidn sdng, dieu kifn gilo due vd nhdng ddc diem Tfnh ty lap phat triln se gdp phan phat trien tU duy, trf sfii29-iiaNGa2gii.49 CQ NGHIEN CflU nhd, tudng tUdng, khd ndng so sdnh, phan tieh, khdi thye hiln trich nhiem, bdn phin cda b i n thin tri, th6n| quat hda, trdu tupng hda cda tre Ngodi ra, dupc qua vile giao nhiem vy, cdng vifc cu the, qua \^lc \& td minh boat ddng thi bilu tddng cda tre ve sy vat, hien cudn t r i tham gia hoat ddng v l thdng qua vile tgo rack tddng xung quanh s l trd n i n slu sic v l phong phd hc^ tinh hudng gilo dye cy the Cd t h i khing dinh rang, nhd ed tfnh tU tip ma tri tue eua - Td chdc v l hudng dan trf chdi trd chdi phdn dnh t r i phdt trien hdn, qud trinh nhan thdc cda t r i phong cudc sdng sinh boat hang ngdy: Bin eanh d e loai hoat phd vd sau sic hdn ddng t r i dang l i m quen, trd choi eung Id mdt loai ho^ * Tinh tuldp giup tre chu dpng, tich cue vd sdng tgo ddng cd y nghTa tdn lao vif c "trd thdnh ngudi"c(a ede hogt dgng: Sy ty lap boat dpng gidp tre trf Do vay, gido vifn nfn cho trf tham gia vdo nhieu trt chu ddng tim kilm va ITnh hdi tri thdc d l nang cao chai, die biet la trd ehdi phin Inh cudc sdng sinh hc^ nang hdnh dpng, nhdn thdc cda minh Dieu dd gidp tre hang ngay, cd t h i II chdi gdc phin vai Ody Id m^ trd nfn nhanh nhen vd linh boat hdn vifc gili quylt bifn phap giao dye tfnh tU l i p cho trf nhd hoat d c tinh hudng xly cudc sdng.Tre ehu ddng, tieh ddng ty phyc vu ed hifu q u i eao, cue hpn q u i trinh hoat ddng trudc tim kiem su - Gidi thfch vd thuyet phyc trf: Thdng qua cle I j ^ gidp dd cOa ngddi khde Tinh ty lap t h i hiln d nang thdc gili thich va thuyet phyc, gilo viln da cu thi h6a hoat ddng ddc lap, sy say sda va kiln tri, sy nd luc cda y nhdng chuIn myc v l khdi nifm dao ddc, thim mi,,,, giilp chi de ed nhdng " -y tddng" ddc dao vd dd chfnh Id mIm t r i cd t h i tilp thu ddpc tao tdm trang hang hai, phSn mdng sing tao cda trf cdc boat ddng khdfi cho t r i tham gia hoat dpng vd xdy dung dong " Tinh ttf lap edn gidp tri phdt triin xuc cdm - finh edm eo ddng d i n cho trf thuc hifn boat dpng vd ndng Itfc hda nhdp vdo xd hpi: Tfnh tu lap phat trien - Nlu guong, khen thudng, trich phat: Viec ding thdng qua nang ty nhan thdc bdn thdn, khd ning viln khuyin khich t r i ddpc col Id mdt bifn phdp gijo ty lip d e boat ddng, td dd trf nhin thdc dddc due la dilu d l hilu Odpc ddng viln, khuyin khfch l^g cic mdi quan hf xd hdi; biet nhdn cdm xdc eiia minh, thdi, tdm thdc trf se d i n d i n hlnh thdnh mdtsi/nS'? bilt ddng edm vdi ngddi khic, biet ^ n h hudng k i t qua lue vuan len hodn cdng vile, bdi trf tin ring, trii hanh ddng vd dilu chinh d c h dng xd eua ban than de se ldm dupe va lam tdt Mat khic, trich phat Id phiTcJng trf hda nhip tdt hdn vao mdi trudng xa hdi md trf tham thdc tde ddng den nhdn edch trf, briu thj thdi df khfing gia Tri ty lap se tich eye tham gia vdo cac hoat dong tan thanh, phd djnh cda gido viln ddi vdi nhdng hdnh vl Tri cd nhilu ed hdi trdi nghifm, khdm phi cudc sdng, cda t r i trai vdi chuan myc dng xd x l hdi, budc cd nhSn tu tin vd cd thai dp tich eye hdn, Tlnh tU lap Id bilu hifn dd td bd nhdng hdnh vi cd hcii cho trf vd nhdng ngirtfi eao nhat ve hanh ddng y chi, gidp t r i tu hodn thifn ban xung quanh thdn, ndng eao hilu bilt, hinh xdc cdm tinh edm, VSn de giao due tinh t d l|p cda trf d Utiitng, phdt triln tri t u i [2], 2.5 Ndi dung gido due tinh tulgp cho tri mdu gido m I m non h i l n va mot sd ndi dung kiln nghj O l tim hilu ve thyc trang bieu hifn tinh td lip ciu Myc tilu cham sdc, gido due trf mau giao la can phdt triln mot sd net tinh cdch, pham chit phu hpp vdi trf d ede trudng mIm non hifn nay, chiing tdi da tiln Ida tudi nhU: Manh dan, tu tin, tu luc, ddc lip, sang tao, hdnh nghien edu, khdo sit t r i n 208 t r i d d c Ida tu6i {tii linh hoat, tu gidc, de hda nhdp, bilt bio v l mdi trudng - tudi) tai 02 trUdng mIm non trin dja bdn thdnh phfi O l qudn trift quan dilm chi dao ddi mdi myc tieu gido Hd Ndi (Trudng Mim non Sao Mai, TrUdng Mim non Hoa due mam non, vilcdUa ndi dung giao due tinh tuldp cho Mai), k i t q u i ey t h i nhU sau: trf Id rat eln thilt - Nhan thdc ve tinh ty ldp eiia trf:Thdng qua ddm Tuy vay, ndi dung gido due tinh tU lip eho tre mau thoai vdi t r i (hdi t r i d e cdu hdi ed liln quan din Uk gido hifn ehua ed quy djnh eu t h i , ehi tiet md dupe hiln cda tinh tu lap), chdng tdi thu dUdc kit qui nhifsaUi' thye hifn tich hdp, long ghep eae ndi dung giao due Bdng 1: Nhdn thtfc vi tlnh ttf ldp cOa tri thdng qua d c boat ddng, nhim giiip eho tre hinh thdnh r • —^ P" vd phdt trien cdc phim chat, ndng lue ve tinh ty lip, vdi Xip loai cac dau hilu, bilu hien tfnh ty lap cda t r i nhu: SU ty y T6ng so trd Cao Khd Trung binh Tlilp thdc vd nhu d u khing djnh minh; SU quyet tdm thUc SLI % SL SL SL hifn nhifm vu dd d i t ra; Klii nang ty kiem tra va tydanh gid; Syty tin va tlnh sang tao [2] 208 15 7,2 17 8,17 124 59,61 52 I2S 2.6 Hinh thtfc to chtfc cdc hogt dgng ctfa gido viin (SLSSItt^ mdm nan degido due tinh tuigp cbo tri tgi cdc trucmg Kit qui tai Bing cho thiy: Da sd t r i nhdn thdc v^ mdm non tinh tu lap d mdc trung binh (59,61%) v l thap (25%), dJ Vile gido due tinh ty lap eho trf Id mdt hoat ddng ddc thii, ldng ghip, tieh hop nhilu hoat ddng, nhilu npi cd mdt sd it t r i nhin thdc tdt {td mdc khd vd cao) ve cic dung thyc hiln Gido viln mam non thudng sd dung cdc bilu hiln cda tfnh t d l l p (khodng 15%) Trong cdc cdu nd hinh thdc td chdc cdc boat ddng d l gido dye tinh tU lap Idi cda t r i , chdng tdi thiy trf thfch dupe nhd vd ngi/M khic hdn ty lam lly, thfch b i t ehudc, khdng chd ddng v^ chotrlnhU: - PhUdng phdp ren luyen hay luyfn tap tfnh tU lap khdng d n eo gang d c hoat ddng Nhin thdcw cho trf dupe thyc hifn chu y i u thdng qua ede boat ddng tinh tu lap cua t r i mang tfnh tlnh hudng, phy thupc nhieu sdng, sinh hoat vd hpe tap hang ngdy, die biet thdng vao tiidi quen ddpc ren luyfn cudc sdng Trf cho qua boat ddng vda sde, hoat ddng vui choi va boat dong rang phdi ty lap cle boat ddng ty phuc vu song lai sdng tao (ve, nan, xe, din, xep hinh, ), thdng qua viec nhdn thdc d n ddpc nhd v l nhilu vui chcfl vd hoc % 50 •KHOAHOCGlAODUC % % NGHIEN C0II t|p.Ti/_nhUng danh g l i so bo 36, chCing toi cho ring nhan thi/cvetlnh tiilapciJa trS nhin chung thap - Thdi d6 doi vdi tfnh tuldp cda tri: Bdng 2: Thdi dd Mi vdi tlnh tuldp cCid tri Xep loai Tdng sjtrl Rit tfch SL % 208 TUcrng d6\ tich cUc Tfch cue CUc SL % SL % Tieu cUc SL % 12 5,76 21 10,09 121 58,19 54 25,96 Kit qud khdo sat tai Bing cho thay: Sd t r i cd thii dp rat tieh eye chilm ti If thap (5,76%), t h i i tieu cUc chiem tl If cao (25,96) v l da sd t r i cd thdi dd tUdng ddi tich cue Chdng tdi da t i l n hdnh trao ddi vdi d c t r i ve mpt s6 cdng vile hdng ngdy thudc trich nhilm trf phdi ty lam vd nhdn thay nhilu trf chua that ticli cdc cle hoat ddng t y ldp, thii dp eda t r i phu thudc nhilu vdo elc thdi quen hlng ngly vd nep sdng gia dinh - Hdnh vi ttf ldp cua tri: Bdng 3: Hdnh vi tu ldp eda tri XIp loai Tdng s6 tri Tdt SL 208 Ittii Trung binh % SL % SL % 3,84 20 9,4 Yiu SL % 124 59,63 56 26,92 Kit q u i khdo sdt cho thiy: Mdc dp hanh vi ty Ifp ciia t r i d vj tri tdt dat thip (3,84%); mdt phan ddng k l t r i xIp loai hanh vi tU ldp d mdc dp yeu (26,92%) Sd lifu trin cho thay ring, hlnh vl ty lap cda trf d trudng m i m non cdn nhif u han chl, cdn thilu ede kT nang can t h i l t cho hoat ddng tU lip Chdng tdi d l xuat mdt sd kien nghi nhdm tdng cddng hilu qud gido dye tinh tu lap eho trf mam non, ey t h i II: CQ hinh thdnh pham chat ty lap cho trf - Tdng cudng to chtfc trd ehal ddng vai theo ehu di: Hoat ddng vui choi md trung tam Id trd choi ddng vai theo chd de d tudi mau gido thuc sU ddng vai trd chd dao Trd chdi Id phuang tifn de trf hoe lam ngUdi md ea b i n nhat Id hinh thanh, phat triln tinh t d lap eho trf - Phoi kit hpp gitfa gia dinh vd nhd trUdng viic gido due tinh ttf lap cho tre: Giao vien thudng xuyfn trao ddi vdi cha me v l nhdng thay ddi cda trf mdi ngdy, gdi y phy huynh d n phai ehii ddng tao d c tinh hudng eung nhu tao dupe khdng gian gidp tre hinh va phat trien dupe tinh ty lap tai gia dinh Cha me ed the lap mdt thdi gian bieu eho tre, b i t dau t d nhdng vile nhd nhat nhu day ddng gid, t y danh rang, lUa chpn quan ao sau dd eung eon thuc hien thdi gian bieu; tao mdi trudng de trf ty ren luyln: Chi diem yiu, ddng sai mdi hiln tucmg, van de, sau dd dua tlnh hudng mlu thuan, khuyen khich tre li gidi, xd li Ket luan Ty lap la mdt phim chit quan trpng nhdn cdch cda eon ngudi thdi dai mdi Tinh ty lap rit d n chd y d l ddOC rin luyen phat huy t d Ida tuoi mlu gido, bdi day la nhdng nam thdng dau ddi Id nfn mong cho tuong lai sau Tinh tU lap dupe hlnh thinh vd phdt trien tU Ida tudi mau gido se gidp cho vile phat trien nhdn edch sau trf trUdng thanh, cdng tae gido dye cho t r i ndi chung v l gilo due tinh ty lap ndi rieng khdng phdi trdeh nhilm cda rieng ed nhan ndo, rat eln sd phdi kit hdp gida gia dinh va nhd trudng Vi vay, phat huy tinh ty lap eho trf mau gido rit cin thilt va Id van de d n dupe quan tdm nghifn cdu, thdc hifn ed hifu qud hdn nda TAILIIUTHAMKHAO [1] Nguyin Hdng Thuan, (2002), Mgt so biin phdp tdc ddng cua gia dinh nham phdt triin tinh ttf lap cho tri - Hudng ddn tri thtfc hiin chidd sinh hogt tgi trudng mdu gido - tuoi, Luan an Tiln sT Gido dye hpe, Vi^n mdm non: Gidp t r i ed thdi quen sinh hoat mdt Khoa hpe Giao due ngdy tai trddng mim non thdng qua yfu elu gido due [2] Le Thj Huyen, (2012), Mgt so biin phdp to chtfc bing minh lenh, ehi dan ddi vdi hanh vi bit bude tro chai dong vai cd chd de nham gido due tinh ttf ldp cho cdc hoat dpng hole nhic nhdtrf nhdng vile d n lam ma tri mdu gido - tuoi d trUdng mdm non, Ludn vln Thac sT t r i quin, khdng hilu, ehua hilu; giiip rin luyln y chi, Gido dye hpe, TrUdng Oai hpe SU pham Ha Ndi thdi quen eho t r i vd giiip t r i cd thfm kinh nghifm thye [3] Odo Thanh Am (ehii bien)-Trjnh D i n - Nguyen tien, thUc hiln tdt c h l dp sinh hoat hdng ngdy nhu Thj Hda - Oinh Vln Vang, (1997), Gido due hoc mdm non, cdc boat dpng: The dye sdng, dn sang, boat ddng ehung, Tdp 1-2-3 NXB Gai hpc SU pham Ha Ndi boat ddng gdc, an, ngd vd d c thdi quen v l sinh trude vd [4] Nguyen Anh Tuyet, (2005), Gido due mdm non sau an gidp trf chd dpng ede boat ddng, t d -nhtfng vdn deUludn vd thtfc tien, NXB Gilo due, Hd Ndi INSTRUCTING INDEPENDENCE FOR PRESCHOOLERS- AN URGENT ISSUE Nguyen Hii Nhung The National College for Education Abstract: To actively developpreschoolers'independence, there should be comprehensive researcheson independe education of for preschool children, bring useful experience for educators and parents in the current period The article mentions the basic theoretical background of children's independence Through the survey of 208 children in two kindergartens in Hanoi, the author proposes recommendations to improve the efficiency of independence education fo kindergarteners Keywords: independence; Independence instruction; preschool children SdlZ9-THANG6/2016>51 ... ddi Id nfn mong cho tuong lai sau Tinh tU lap dupe hlnh thinh vd phdt trien tU Ida tudi mau gido se gidp cho vile phat trien nhdn edch sau trf trUdng thanh, cdng tae gido dye cho t r i ndi chung... lam lly, thfch b i t ehudc, khdng chd ddng v^ chotrlnhU: - PhUdng phdp ren luyen hay luyfn tap tfnh tU lap khdng d n eo gang d c hoat ddng Nhin thdcw cho trf dupe thyc hifn chu y i u thdng qua ede... hpe tap hang ngdy, die biet thdng vao tiidi quen ddpc ren luyfn cudc sdng Trf cho qua boat ddng vda sde, hoat ddng vui choi va boat dong rang phdi ty lap cle boat ddng ty phuc vu song lai sdng tao