THUG H I N GIAO DUC " ^ QUAN Li GIAO DUG Kl NANG SONG CHO SINH VIEN DAI HOC TRONG DOI CANH HIEN NAY I D a t v ^ n d l Sfl phit trien nhanh chdng eda kinh te x l hdi va hot nhdp qude te da cd nhdng t i[.]
THUG H I N GIAO DUC " ^ QUAN Li GIAO DUG Kl NANG SONG CHO SINH VIEN DAI HOC TRONG DOI CANH HIEN NAY ThS NGUYEN THj THU HA Dai hpc Hu^ fl I' J i I ^ I.Datv^ndl Sfl phit trien nhanh chdng eda kinh te - x l hdi va hot nhdp qude te da cd nhdng t i c ddng da ehilu, phflc tap Inh hudng din qud trinh hinh thdnh v l hoan thifn nhan d c h cda t h l h i t f l Bin canh nhumg thdnh tyu, tiln feh cudc cdch mang khoa hpe - cdng nghf mang lai thi eon ngfldi phil dot diln vdl nhilu thlch thdc nhu xung dot sic tde, tdn gido vd khflng bd qude t l ; sU gia tdng cda khoing cleh gidu ngheo; sy biln dot ktif lidu Nhflng van d l t r l n budc nhin toai phli tim kilm nhdng gili phip di d l thfch dng mdt d e h tfch cue vd b i n vflng Ngudn gde eua cde gidi phip t r l n chinh td eon ngfldi eOa mdt n i n giao due (GD) minh trilt Trong he thdng kl ndng md ngudl eln dupe trang bj thi ki nang sdng (KNS) td mdt tilu ehf ed ^ nghTa quan trpng hang dau, gidp ngudi thieh flng vdl mdi trudng sdng, nhat Id bdt d n h xa hpi ed nhflng biln ddng khdn tudng eCing nhU su canh tranh khdc lilt ban Vi vdy, GD dya trfn t i l p cln KNS cd the cung d p eho sinh viin {SM) clc ch! d i n nhdm hda gidi nhdng tinh hudng thdch thfle ndy sinh Hlln nay, cde trudng dai hpe ndi chung cdn mdt bd phdn SV ehua ehd t i m vao van de hpe tdp, ren luyin, sdng thilu tf tudng vd hodi bdo nfn rit khd khin sau tdt nghifp dai hoe ThUc t l dd cho thiy, GD KNS ndi chung v l cho SV ndi rilng Id rdt d p thilt, d n dupe tilp tye t i l n hlnh thudng xuyln, phfl tiop vdi die dilm tdm sinh tf tda tudi, hodn d n h eOa ddi tupng ndy vd mang tfnh mim dio, dUdt nhilu hinh thfle quy md eung nhu loai hinh hoat ddng 2.KNSvlGDKNSchoSV 2.1.KNS d ede nfldc phuong Tiy, KNS da sdm nhdn dupe sy quan t i m cda xa hdi Tuy nhiln, thuat ngfl niy chfnh thdc xuat hifn vdo ttilp niln 60 cOa the ki XX vd trd nfn thfldng xuyen t d t h i p niln 90 eua t h l kl XX ehuong trinh GD eda Liln hilp qude d l cap d i n dai djch HtV/AlDS Chlng han, tai chUong trinh 'GD nhdng gid tri song", UNICEF d l d l elp d i n 12 gid trj co bdn d n GD eho t h l he t r i [1] Chuong trinh hanh ddng Dakar tai Dien ddn T h l gidi v l GD eho moi ngUdi d Senegan (2000) cung di mye tilu, dd nhin manh: Mdi qude gia phli ddm blo cho ngudi hpe dupe tflp can chucmg trinh GD KNS phu hpp vd y l u d u dinh gfa ehat Iflpng GD d n phli ddnh gid KNS eda ngudi hpe [2] Tuy nhifn, v i n cd sU khde dinh nghia v l KNS cda d e co quan thude Lifn hilp qude Td ehde Y t l T h l gidi eoi KNS tl nhflng kT nlng mang tfnh tdm If xa hdi va kl nlng giao t i l p dflpe van dyng d l gidi quylt nd mdt deh hifu qud ede tinh hudng thudng nhdt Trong dd, UNESCO cho ring KNS cd ndi him rdng hon, nd bao gdm nhdng nlng tfle d l thyc hiln diy du ede chdc nlng, tham gta vdo eudc sdng hdng ngdy nhu ki ndng nghe, ndi, dpe, vilt, Idm tfnh vd nhdng ki ndng tdm tf xa hdi thudc pham vi hep ban sd nhflng kT nlng can thiet cude sdng hdng Nhdng nghiln cflu v l KNS gtai doan phan tdn la cle cdng trinh nghiln cdu v l KNS cd sU chia se tuong ddng vdi djnh nghTa eda Td chflc Y te T h l gidl, tflc Id eoi KNS ddng nhat vdi ede ki nang xa hdi Cung nhu cde d i n tdc khic, kht tuong tdc vdi mdi trudng tU nhiln vd x l hdi, ngfldi Vilt Nam da dde k i t thdnh nhijfng kT nang v l triet tf sdng gdi gon nhdng d u rin day vd dupc trao truyln qua hdng ngdn nam tdn tai Vf dy: Hqc dn tiqc ndi hgc gdi vd hoc md; Biit thi thua thdt, khdng biit thi dua cdt md nghe; Tien hqc le, hdu hoc vdn la nhflng minh chdng v l edeh thfle ddi nhin xfl t h l nhim thfch ung vdi d e nguyin tie quan he giao tilp vd xa hdi Dd ehfnh td nhdng KNS don giln nhung minh trilt, cd gid trj djnh hudng GD eda ngUdi Vift xUa, t h l hiln phd biln tfl not d i n dd d i n ehdn cung dinh Thudt ngfl KNS xuat hien cd hf thdng d nhi oudng Vilt Nam tfl gifla thdp nien 90 eCia t h l ki XX, gin vdi DU dn °GD KNS di blo v l sflc khoi vd phdng chdng HIV/ AIDS eho thilu nifn vd ngodt nhd tiirdng'do UNICEF phdi hpp vdl Bd GD & DT cdng Hpi Chd thdp dd Vift Nam thfle hiln Khli nilm KNS dupe hilu day dd vd da dang hori sau Hdi thdo "Chit tuong GD vd KNS" to chdc UNESCO tdi trp dUpc td chde tai HI Ndi td ngdy 23 - 25/10/20O3 Tfl dd, nhflng ngUdi tam cdng tdc GD d Vift Nam nhin thdc diy dd hon v l gia tn cda KNS eflng nhU;^ nghia can thilt phdi GD KNS eho t h l h i t r i ndi rilng v l todn xa hdi ndi ehung Nhin ehung, nghiin eflu v l GD KNS dVift Nam dupe thuc hifn theo d e hudng ehfnh sau: Xic djnti nhihig vin d l if tudn edt Idl v l KNS vd GD KNS Nhu vay, dCi cd nhflng dilm tUong ddng v l nhdn thdc cung nhu hdnh ddng nhung d i n d e qudc gia van edn nhilu diem khdc bift nin chua dfla dflpc mdt bd KNS nham khuyin nghi nhin loai hUdng theo khung ehuan dd d l xudt Li cOa tinh trang ndy la cde qudc gta ehua cd mdt djnh nghTa thdng nhat v l KNS Bin eanh dd, ede td ehdc qu^e t l dfla djnh nghia vd In djnh mye tilu khdng phd hpp hoac khdng the dp dyng mdt d e h hilu qui tai ede nfldc 2.2 GD KNS Vile GD KNS dd dupe nghien eflu vd triln khai d nhieu qude gia trln t h l gtdi Chlng ban, t d t h i kf Vt Trudc Cdng nguyin, tai Trung Qudc, Khdng Td dd ehCi truong mpi ngudi d i u d n dupe GD Ndi dung cfla GD I I dao ddc vd nhan cleh Ong soan kinh sdch di day ngudi ddi dfla trfn nin tdng dao tf luin thfldng Nhflng trflde tic cua dng nhflTflthU, Nglj kinh dupe nhilu qudc gia d khu vye dd ed \^ft Nam tya chpn tdm nin tdng cho vile dio tao mau ngUdi nhin nghTa, trung ehfnh va hilu dupe edi dao cua ngudi qudn td Idm rUdng edt x l hdi Trong klii dd, t?i Tay Au trung dat, nin GD cua ehda phong kiln vdi mue dfch dao tao mau ngUiti "Htfp sT" hay "Kj si" ft coi trpng v l trf dye nhUng tai nhan manh den d e y l u td khae nhit la phdi gidi v l chien tranh, l i tinh v l tdn gilo Kl thda nhflng thdnh qud eCia vin minh Hi - La cd dai, tfl tudng GD thdi dai VIn hda Phye hUng ed nhiifng tiln S(il22-TI G 11/^15 • 51 ' ^ THUC TliN GlAO DUC bd vupt b|c phdn ddi chd nghTa kinh viln, gilo dilu, dp ddt, nhdi nhit, d l cao sUsIng tao, sy tdn trpng v l ylu d u gili phdng eon ngudi khdi Inh hUdng eua than hpc va tdn gilo Diy ehfnh la nhdng nin ting eo bin de ede t h l hf hiu Phyc tilp tye thfle day, vdi edeh t i l p eln GD toan diln, coi trpng GD KNS he thdng trudng hpe efla phuong T i y Cdng trinh cda Mary E Cronin [3] da tap trung nghifn cflu sdu v l d e kT nang xd hot, dd n l u b i t nhdng kT nlng thilt ylu eho ngfldi khuylt tat Nhdng nghiln cdu KNS chung cho mpi ngudi dflpc phan dnh sdu sle d e edng trinh eua Nanatee Clayton, Sue Couch, Ginny Fetstehausen, Pasty Hattman, Diane Tillman [4] Dde bilt, nghiln edu cfla Diane Tillman dupc d c ehuyin gia Viet Nam dinh g i l cao vdl ndi dung, ptiuong phip gidng day vd d c h t i l p can mdi da ed sdc lan tda tdn xd hdi Tie g i l cd nhdng nghien edu mang tfnh hf thdng v l KNS v l GD KNS d Vilt Nam Id Nguyen Thanh Binh [5] dd Idm sdng td ndi hdm v l kbit nifm cung nhfl •^ ngtiia eda vifc GD KNS Quan trpng hon, cdc edng trinh t r l n ed d c h t i l p can mdi ddi vdi q u i trtnh GD ndi rieng, qua trinh su pham va qud trinh dao tao ndi ehung, td GD KNS, tilp can KNS GD Cae edng trinh t r l n cdn tim hilu thflc trang GD KNS tfl t r i mim non d i n ngfldi ldn thdng qua GO ehinh quy v l GD thfldng xuyfn d Viet Nam Cle cdng trinh cda Nguyen Thj Oanh, Dao Thj Oanh, Nguyin Dye Quang v l d c cdng sy d l cap d i n eo sd If ludn va t i m quan trpng eua vile GD KNS cho hpc sinh bdi d n h hifn dd dupc I p dung chuong trinh GD d elp Trung hpc eo sd vd Trung hpc phd thdng Mpt sd cdng trinh dUdi dang tuin dn t i l n sT ITnh vUe Li tudn vd Ljeh sd GD nhiJng ndm gin day d l ft nhilu phdn Inh d i n vifc GD KNS Chang ban, ludn dn t i l n siGD hpc ciSa Phan Ttianh Vdn (2010) - E»?i hpe Thdi Nguyen gdp phin Ilm rd d c h thfle giing day eung nhfl nhfltig Uu dilm v l ban chl; d l xuat nhiifng kiln nghj, gili phip ci^a vife GD KNS thdng qua hoat ddng GD ngodi gid len ldp Nhu vdy, GD hiln dai, clc qude gia t r l n t h l gidi da hilu rd va diy du v l y nghia cda vilc GD KNS Cde qude gia d i u nhdn thde dupc KNS eda ngudi hoe Id mdt tilu chi ve chit tupng GD vd Id mdt nhflng tilu ehuin chilm vj tri hdng d i u m l n h i tuyln dung lua chpn Do dd, ddnh g i l chit IUpng GD phli tfnh d i n nhiifng tilu chf ddnh gid KNS eda ngUdi hoe 2.3.GDKNSehoSV GD KNS eho SV bUdc ddu da nhin dupe sU quan tdm eCia gidi nghiln eflu Luin I n tiln sT v i GD i