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€/iiic niiYna ndm m/''''i 20/2 Giao due va dao tao cdng vu mot so van de dat ra hien nav I ThS PHAIVI Dirc TOAN (*) G iio dye v i d i o tao edng vy l i bd ph in cau th inh cua cdng t i c ph i t trien ngu[.]
€/iiic niiYna ndm m/'i 20/2 Giao due va dao tao cdng vu - mot so van de dat hien nav I ThS PHAIVI Dirc TOAN (*) i i o dye v i d i o tao edng vy l i bd p h i n cau t h i n h cua cdng t i c p h i t trien ngudn nhan lye nen h i n h chfnh v i n g i y c i n g trd ndn quan trpng, dgc bidt la xa hpi hidn dgi, tri thflc da trd t h i n h ngudn lflc chu yeu ddi vdi tflng c i nhan va e i nen kinh te Di't dai, lao ddng v i ngudn vdn l i c i c ydu td s i n xui't truydn thdng eua c i c n h i kinh td, nd khdng mat di, nhflng da trd t h i n h thfl yeu C i c h day chfla l i u , t h u i t ngfl "lao dpng" (Labor) thfldng dfldc sfl dyng q u i n tri n h i n sfl, nhflng n g i y " c i c ngudn n h i n lflc" (Human resources) da n g i y eang phd bien Hidn nay, c i c td chflc deu cd chung d i n h g i i : "con ngfldi l i tai s i n quy g i i nhi't" Dd l i sfl thay ddi ve each nhin n h i n ddi vdi dpi ngu nhan vidn, d i e biet la nhflng ngfldi cd trinh dp va ky nang nghe nghidp cao, cd k h i nang ddng gdp Idn cho sfl tdn tgi v i p h i t tridn eua e i e cd quan, td chflc hay e i he thdng Mdi quan he gifla c i c nhan vidn vdi td chdc eung ed nhidu thay ddi v i c i c h thfle q u i n ly v i d i o tao v i y eung thay ddi theo C i c cd quan, td chflc p h i i thu hflt n h i n t i i , ghi n h i n , khen thfldng, d i o tgo, v i tgo dpng lflc eho n h i n vien thye thi nhidm vu d mflc cao nhi't L i n h dgo c i c co quan p h i i tgo mdi trfldng hpc t i p v i didu kidn l i m vide tieh cfle de nhflng ngfldi cd t i i nang van dung hidu q u i trinh dp, nang lflc eua minh v i o thflc td cdng vide Trong dd, edng t i c d i o tgo ddng vai trd chu chdt vide n i n g cao nang lye thfle thi eua n h i n vien, gifl n h i n vidn v i tang cfldng sfl g i n bd cua hp vdi td chflc Cdng t i c d i o tgo ngudn n h i n lflc khu vflc edng khdng p h i i la ngogi le c i c phfldng p h i p v i ky thuit q u i n ly cua khu vflc tfl dang dfldc nhieu cd quan nha nfldc trdn the gidi van dyng phu hdp Vide tham k h i c kinh nghiem c i c nude ed G (*) Phd Chinh @ Vin phdng BQ NQI VQ nen h i n h ehinh p h i t trien de hpe hdi, ehuyen giao cdng nghe q u i n ly v i p h i t trien ngudn n h i n lye tien tidn, day mgnh e i e ITnh vyc giio due, d i o tgo cdng vy chuyen s i u v i da dang h o i c i e chfldng trinh g i i o dye, d i o tgo l i rit c i n thidt nham xay dflng dpi ngu c i n bd, cong chflc, vidn chflc cd du pham chi't, n i n g Iflc va ed t h i i dp, hanh vi phyc vy nhan dan dung d i n , d i p flng ydu e i u edng t i c Ndn h i n h chfnh n i o cung p h i i dfla v i o tri thflc, nang lflc v i ky nang cua dpi ngu cong ehfle de tao h i n g h o i v i dich vy hidu qui, hidu s u i t v i cd t r i e h nhidm C i n bp, eong chflc, vien chflc mudn cd du pham chi't, ning lflc, mudn l i m viee nang s u i t , hidu q u i phii dflpc g i i o dye v i d i o tgo D i o tgo eong vu hay d i o tao tidn cdng vy deu l i van de Idn, tgi e i e nfldc p h i t trien cung nhfl dang phit trien, ddu coi day la nhidm vy ed y nghTa ehien Ifldc, l i trpng t i m hien dgi hoa nen cdng vu D i o tgo tap trung v i o hai myc tidu cd b i n l i : p h i t huy cao dp tfnh ehuyen nghidp v i tang cfldng k h i n i n g chju trich nhidm eao hdn eua cdng chflc ndi ehung va edng chflc lanh dao quan ly ndi ridng h6 thd'ng cdng vy hidn dgi Ddng thdi, edng tac d i o tgo cung p h i i lien tye p h i t trien de dip dng vdi nhflng ydu cau n g i y e i n g eao tfl cac nhidm vy p h i t trien eua ndn h i n h chinh Cdng t i c d i o tgo hfldng tdi c i c mye tidu chinh nhfl: e i i tien cha't Ifldng cdng t i c tren cd sd d i n h gia dfldc nhu eau d i o tgo, x i e djnh dfldc nhflng thie'u hyt c i e nhdm (logi) cdng vide va bu d i p nhflng thieu hyt dd thdng qua vide trang bj c i e kid'n thfle, ky nang c i n thid't; giflp edng chflc thich flng vdi q u i trinh bien ddi trdn ed sd x i e dinh dflpc nhflng thii dp, kien thflc, ky nang mdi mdi trfldng cdng vy sinh ddng, khdng ngflng thay ddi Didm dang luu y la coi d i o tgo nhfl mpt cdng cy dd dgt tdi kdt q u i eudi cung, vi b i n thin To ehue nhd nuwe so 1/2012 {'/llic edng t i c n i y khdng p h i i l i kdt q u i cudi cflng, dd l i cdng ey de c i i tien vide thflc thi edng vide n h i m dgt dfldc cdc kd't q u i mong mudn, phu hop vdi c i c mye tieu ehien Ifldc v i c i e chfldng trinh cy the eua nen h i n h chinh Trong mpt sd nfldc eoi d i o tgo cdng vy l i mdt bd p h i n cua he thdng g i i o due qud'c gia, thi mpt sd nfldc k h i e Igi eoi edng t i e n i y thudc he thdng d i e bidt, khdng n i m he thdng g i i o dye qudc d i n ndi chung Nhieu nfldc nhin n h i n loai hinh g i i o due edng vy (Education) nhfl la vide hpe t i p de hinh t h i n h nen kidn thflc v i hidu bidt cd b i n vd ITnh vflc chuydn mdn eua cdng vu v i vd mpt mdi trfldng chung cua vide thfle thi cdng vy Vide g i i o dye cdng vy dfldc danh eho e i e ed sd hpc t i p b i c cao, bao gdm nhieu nganh hpe v i c i c c i c h thflc tiep can tri thflc quan ly k h i e C i e h hieu n i y g i n gidng vdi logi hinh d i o tao cd b i n , ban d i u hay tien cdng vy, nghTa l i phan Idn viee hpe t i p d i l n trfldc mdt ngfldi gia nhgp edng vy Nhieu nfldc xem d i o tgo cdng vy (Training) nhfl l i vide hpe t i p hfldng v i o vide n i n g eao nang lflc cua e i e e i n h i n (hay t i p the cdng t i e ) dd thflc hidn tdt nhflng chflc t r i c h , nhidm vu cy the Logi hinh n i y tryde hdt lidn quan tdi vide c i i tidn td ehfle, nang cao kd't q u i , hidu q u i thflc thi cdng t i c , v i thfldng mdt he thdng d i o tgo ridng cua chinh phu d i m nhidm Phan Idn cdng t i e l i d i o tao cdng vy (bdi dydng), nghTa l i vide hpe t i p d i n h eho edng chflc dfldng nhidm, bao gdm c i e hinh thflc nhfl: hfldng dan t i p sfl, d i o tgo n i n g cao, d i o tgo md rdng, d i o tgo tidp tye, d i o tgo ehfnh quy, phi ehinh quy, d i o tgo tgi ndi l i m viec Cd sd d i o tao cdng vy cd the bao gdm: e i c cd sd n h i nddc sd hflu v i q u i n ly (nhfl e i c vidn d i o tgo c i n bp lanh dgo q u i n ly cao cap, hpc vien h i n h chinh, hpc vidn edng vu, trung tam d i o tgo cap bp, n g i n h hay c i c td chflc d i o tgo chuyen mdn eho ehinh quydn djg phfldng); e i c cd sd dpe l i p d i o tgo n h i n sfl cho c i khu vflc cdng va khu vflc tfl, c i c hpc vien lidn danh vdi e i e trfldng dgi hpc (thfldng cung flng c i e chfldng trinh d i i hgn, e i p b i n g v i chflng eh?); mpt sd trfldng kinh doanh d i da dgng h o i e i c logi hinh d i o tgo n h i n sfl cho khu vflc edng, v i c i e chfldng trinh lidn kdt d i o tgo qude te (hpp t i c lien miYna ndm m/'i 20/2 qudc gia gifla c i c vien h i n h chinh eae nfldc khu vflc v i the gidi, lidn kdt gifla e i e ed sd d i o tgo tgi c i e nfldc p h i t tridn v i dang p h i t tridn) Nhieu nfldc eho rang, khdng ndn giao eho mdt ed sd thflc hidn mpi logi hinh g i i o due, d i o tao edng vy Mpt nhflng ban khoan l i lieu ed the sfl dyng mdt e i c h hieu q u i , hieu s u i t dpi ngu g i i n g vidn mpt ed sd vfla ed ehfle n i n g g i i o dye, d i o tgo ban dau vfla cd chflc nang d i o tgo bdi dfldng hay khdng Neu cd sd dd vfla td chflc e i c khoa d i o tgo dai hgn v i e i e Idp hpc n g i n han thi d l d i n tdi sfl chdng cheo vdi cac khoa hpe cua c i c ed sd k h i c he thdng Hdn nfla, c i n cd sfl chuyen mdn h o i nhi't djnh g i i o due, d i o tgo cdng vy khdng p h i i b i t ky ed sd n i o eung ed the dfla mpi logi hinh hpe t i p eho c i c (nhdm) cdng chflc k h i c Trdn thd gidi, nhidu nfldc dang c i i e i c h he thdng d i o tgo edng vy theo cd chd thj trydng, nham tgc sy cgnh tranh gifla e i e ed sd dd nang cao c h i t Ifldng d i o tgo C i c cd quan, td chflc ed the cfl cdng chflc tham gia c i c chfldng trinh d i d tgo eua b i t ky cd sd n i d , trdng hoae n g o i i n g i n h , thupc khu vflc nha nfldc hay tfl n h i n , m i l n l i d i p flng tdt n h i t nhu c i u cua hp C i c nha q u i n ly, sfl dyng cdng chflc p h i i ehju t r i c h nhiem cho quye't djnh cua minh viee phan bd c i c ngudn lye d i o tgo Do cdng t i c d i o tgo e i n p h i i g i n vdi vide tuyen dung, sfl dyng, nen mpt sd cd sd da s i p n h i p hay lien kd't dd td chflc c i g i i o dye v i d i o tgo edng vy, nd lye g i n kdt e i c k h o i hpc eua hai logi hinh n i y eho ed sfl tidp nd'i, t r i n h trung lap va s i t vdi ydu cau thflc tidn Trong bdi eanh khung h o i n g kinh td, Igm p h i t v i nd cdng cao, nhidu cd sd d i d tgo da tinh gpn td chflc tren eO sd p h i n tich cung-ciu dao tgo, khdng bd trf nhieu c i n bd bidn che ed hflu trflc tidp g i i n g day m i t i p trung v i o td chflc d i o tgo, lap chfldng trinh kd hogch, theo ddi v i khdp ndi thflc hidn hdp ddng eung flng d i o tgo tfl eae e i n h i n , td ehfle bdn n g o i i Cho du td chflc theo md hinh n i o , t i p trung hay phi t i p trung, mflc dp "md" sao, thi vide kidn toan c i c cd sd g i i o dye, d i o tgo p h i i phfl hdp vdi d i e thu cua che dp cdng vy, vdi nhu cau v i chien Ifldc p h i t trien ngudn nhan Iflc khu vflc cdng, v i vdi c i c myc tidu To c'hire nha nuwe so 1/2012 ® lik {/llic miYnrf ndm m/'i 2//2 qude gia Chinh saeh d i o tao p h i i gan kdt vdi c i c ndi dung ehfnh s i c h vd tuyen dyng, sfl dung, d i n h g i i , bd nhidm, p h i t trien chflc nghidp va khuyen khich cdng t i c Chfldng trinh d i o tao p h i i dfldc thiet kd tfldng thfch vdi nhu eau cua edng chflc v i cd quan q u i n ly, sfl dyng cdng chflc dd Vi v i y , Chinh phu nhieu nfldc giao cho mdt cd quan cap trung fldng chu tri hogch dinh v i g i i m s i t chfnh s i c h d i o tao, dieu phdi, hfldng d i n c i c cd sd g i i o dye, dao tgo hop t i c vdi nhau, c i c chfldng trinh bd trp lan vide trang bi e i e kidn thflc, ky nang phu hpp, g i i m thieu chdng cheo v i iang phi ngudn lflc Cac nen hanh chinh tien tien deu da hoan thidn quy trinh g i i o dye, d i o tgo cdng vy theo mpt edng nghd chat chd, khoa hpc, b i t d i u tfl vide giao dye t i l n cdng vy v i tiep tye vdi e i e hinh thfle d i o tgo k h i c g i n vdi q u i trinh phan cdng, bd tri cong t i c sudt dfldng ehfle nghidp eua edng ehfle, vien chflc Mac du chfldng trinh g i i o dye v i d i o tgo cdng vy r i t k h i c gifla c i e nfldc, nhflng cung cd nhidu diem tfldng ddng, dd la c i e ehu de lien quan den ndi dung q u i n ly cdng, cy thd nhfl: Thff nhdt ve ehu de q u i n ly sfl p h i t trien: didu kidn thay ddi nhanh chdng vd kinh td va hanh chinh, sfl tien bd khdng ngflng vd khoa hpc cdng nghd, c i n bp, cdng chflc, vidn ehfle, dae biet l i dpi ngu l i n h dao q u i n ly c i n dupc trang bi nhflng kidn thfle v i ky nang mdi phfl hpp vdi nhflng chuyen ddi dang didn nen kinh te - xa hdi vd b i n t h i n bp m i y n h i nfldc Nhidu ngfldi vfla tham gia q u i n ly q u i trinh chuydn ddi chung, vfla tham gia thid't ke, thflc hien e i c chinh s i c h kinh td, xa hdi Hp tham gia v i o q u i trinh q u i n ly p h i t trien lidn quan ddn nhidu finh vye kinh te, s i n x u i t , an sinh xa hpi, dich vy cdng, b i o vd mdi trfldng Do dd, ed eau v i ndi dung dao tgo p h i i thay ddi dd phu hpp chflc trieh mdi cua dpi ngu e i n bd, cdng chflc, vidn chflc, phu hdp vdi tidn trinh xa hdi h o i , p h i n ci'p trao quydn v i phu hdp vdi c i e v i n dd thflc te dang d i l n d dia phfldng, dat nfldc, khu vflc va the gidi Thff hal ve chu de q u i n ly khu vflc edng: nhflng ngfldi lam edng t i e q u i n ly thflc tidn v i c i e i e n h i d i o tao deu can dfldc trang bj kien thfle ky nang de thfch flng vdi nhflng thay ddi ® q u i n ly khu vflc cdng, dae bidt l i e i e ndi dung " q u i n ly edng mdi" Chfldng trinh dao tgo t i p trung x i c djnh mdi quan he gifla chinh phil v i thj trfldng t i i cau trfle nen h i n h chinh, thuc day quan trj qudc gia tdt v i n i n g cao t r i c h nhidm g i i i trinh dd xfl ly e i e van de ciia ngn quan lidu, tham nhung, iang phi, hogt dpng kem nang s u i t , hidu q u i Thid't kd cac k h o i hpc giup c i c edng chflc ed t h i i dp, hanh vi tich cflc, cdi md hon, thieh flng vdi c i c yeu eau mdi cua thj trfldng Thff ba vd chu de hogch djnh va thflc hien chinh s i c h cdng: nhin chung, e i n bd, cdng chflc ddu tham gia v i o q u i trinh ehinh sach edng d mdt chflng mflc nha't djnh, nhfl tham mflu tfl van, hogch djnh, quyd't djnh, thijc hidn v i q u i n ly, hay d i n h g i i v i r i soit l^i chinh s i c h Do v i y , hp can cd kidn thfle quin ly h i n h ehinh edng (bao h i m c i ndi dung v^ chinh saeh edng) Chfldng trinh d i o tgo can trang bj cho hp nhflng kidn thfle ve Ijch sil p h i t tridn ( c i c trfldng p h i i khoa hpe v i cac i n pham) vd h i n h ehinh, quan ly v i chinh s i c h edng; q u i trinh ehinh saeh ndi chung va q u i trinh chinh s i c h qudc gia ndi rieng; phfldng p h i p , ky nang q u i n ly, xfl ly thdng tin, thidt ke, quye't djnh, d i n h g i i chinh sach c i c fTnh vflc ehinh s i c h cu the; de xuat e i i tien ehinh s i c h cdng ( p h i n tieh va thidt ke, tfl van va r i s o i t Igi, so s i n h gifla c i c he thdng chi'nh s i c h edng) Thff tff ve ehu de p h i t tridn td chflc va q u i n ly ngudn n h i n lflc: edng t i c d i o tgo gdp p h i n tgo ndn net van h o i v i phong each q u i n ly edng mdi theo hfldng nang ddng, dap dng nhu e i u cua k h i c h hang, khuydn khich sfl tham gia cua cdng chflng v i c i c ben lien quan De tao sfl thay ddi ve n h i n thflc, thii va h i n h vi td chflc, can sfl nd Iflc khdng ch? eua cd sd d i o tgo m i e i e i c cd quan nha nudc Chfldng trinh d i o tgo c i n trang bj cho hp nhflng kien thfle vd p h i n tich td chflc, nhu c i u v i ddng co l i m vide, van h o i cdng sd, x i y dyng td chflc hpc tap, q u i n ly ngudn nhan Iflc va c i c ngudn Iflc k h i e td chflc, bflde chuyen djch tfl q u i n tri n h i n sfl sang q u i n ly ngudn n h i n Iflc: di sau v i o e i c phuong phip, ky t h u i t ey the nhfl thidt kd cdng viec v i to chflc lao ddng khoa hpc, l i p kd hogch chidn Iflpc, ke hogch h i n h dpng, kd hogch c i nhin To chuc nha nuwe so 1/2012 {'/llic miYna ndm m/'i (trong dd cd c i c h thfle thdng nhi't Id trinh d i o tgo giOa cdng chflc quan ly vdi e i e n h i n vidn), Ifldng tien dp v i d i n h g i i vide thflc thi, d i n h g i i sau d i o tgo, phdi hdp lam vide theo nhdm, tgo ddng lye cdng tie Thff nim, ve viec tham k h i o c i e kinh nghidm thflc tidn td't: c i c chfldng trinh deu chu trpng gidi thidu nhflng kinh nghiem cai each lidn quan ddn ehu de hpe t i p eua e i c nfldc p h i t tridn, dang p h i t trien hay dang ehuyen ddi, khu vflc va trdn the gidi, c i c ly thuydt h i n h ehinh edng, di sau v i o e i c npi dung q u i n ly tidn tien nhfl: p h i n tich mdi trfldng bdn v i bdn n g o i i (SWQT); q u i n ly chat Iflpng tdng thd (TQM); q u i n ly theo myc tidu (MBO); q u i n ly theo dinh hfldng kd't q u i (RBM); he thdng phue vy theo nhu eau k h i c h h i n g (Charter Marks); q u i n ly linh hogt, gpn nhp (Lean Management); chuan h o i e i c quy trinh lam vide theo ISO; c i c md hinh dau tfl v i o ngfldi (Investors in People) Trdn ed sd c i c npi dung dd, td chflc t h i o l u i n , p h i n tieh e i e b i i hpc t h i n h cdng hay that bgi, so s i n h md hinh eua qude gia minh vdi cae nfldc khie hay gifla c i c (nhdm) nfldc vdi dd dfla c i c kien nghi, de xui't phu hdp Xui't p h i t tfl thflc t i l n p h i t tridn ngudn n h i n lflc khu vflc edng eua Viet Nam v i qua tim hieu kinh nghiem cua mdt sd nfldc cho thi'y, dpi ngu c i n bp, cdng chflc, vidn chflc p h i i dfldc trang bi nhflng kien thfle chuydn mdn, ky n i n g q u i n ly d mdt trinh dp nhi't djnh, phu hdp vdi cfldng vj m i hp d i m nhidm De thyc hien nhidm vy dd, g i i o dye, d i o tgo cdng vy ddng mdt vai trd d i e bidt quan trpng Tren thye te, edng t i c d i o tgo ban dau khd cd the td chflc c i c n g i n h hpc cho c i c chflc vu, ehfle danh ey the C i e n h i trfldng thfldng trang bi cho hpc vien nhflng kidn thflc ve n h i nfldc va p h i p luit, q u i n ly h i n h ehfnh edng, chinh s i c h edng, t i i chinh edng, n g i n s i c h cdng, p h i t trien td chflc, q u i n ly n h i n sfl v i e i e kidn thfle ehuyen mdn ed b i n , thfch flng vdi mdt n g i n h , ITnh vflc q u i n ly hay t i c nghidp ey thd Trong dd, c i c ed sd d i o tgo, bdi dfldng ed the t i p trung v i o vide d i o tgo theo djnh hfldng n i n g cao nang lflc eho td chflc va ea n h i n - tfle l i khdng nang ve trang bi kien thflc ly thuyet ma tang cfldng k h i nang v i n dyng, thflc hanh Nhfl v i y , ben canh e i e 20/2 ^X chfldng trinh dao tgo dgi hpe, eao hpe ve q u i n ly h i n h ehfnh cdng hay d i o tao ban dau cho e i c n g i n h , ITnh vflc chuydn mdn, c i n td chflc c i c chfldng trinh d i o tgo bdi dfldng cdng vu chuyen sau dd cap nhat, n i n g eao kidn thflc chuyen mdn nghidp vy, tang cfldng nang Iflc v i kinh nghidm q u i n ly thflc t i l n cho e i n bp, edng chflc, vidn ehfle, d i p flng ydu cau cdng t i e cua c i c vi trf, chflc danh ey the Q u i trinh kidn t o i n he thdng g i i o due, d i o tgo edng vy p h i i can cfl v i o nhu eau thflc te eua ndn h i n h chinh d tflng nganh, tflng c i p v i eua c i n h i n c i n bd, edng ehfle, vidn chflc de hdp ly h o i td chflc, t r i n h chdng cheo, trung lap, v i t i p trung ngudn lflc de thflc hidn mye tidu ehung l i trang bj kidn thflc, ky n i n g can thid't cho dpi ngO dfldng nhidm v i tfldng lai Thid't nghT, bdi c i n h hpi n h i p qudc td v i e i nfldc dang tid't kidm ehi tidu cdng, can due rut c i c b i i hpc kinh nghidm ve t i i x i c djnh vai trd, phgm vi d i o tgo, tinh gpn bp m i y td chflc hay s i p n h i p e i e ed sd d i o tgo v i tang cfldng lidn kdt hpp t i c , ky kdt hdp ddng cung flng d i o tgo gifla c i c ddn vj l i m cdng t i c d i o tao, bdi dfldng cdng chflc vdi c i c trfldng dgi hpc, c i c trung t i m g i i o dye, d i o tgo v i n g o i i he thdng a Tai lieu tham khio: - Ky ydu; Tpa dim qudc td ve cii cich nen hinh chinh nhi nffdc, Dff in UNDP VIE 92/002, Hi Ndi, 24-26/9/1996 ADB; Phuc vu va tri; cii thien hinh chinh cdng trcng mdt the gidi canh tranh S Chiavo-Campo vi P.S.A Sundaram, NXB CTQG, Hi Ndi - 2003 Governance In Changing Environment, Edited by B Guy Peters and Donald J Savole Canadian Centre lor Management Development, December 1993 Public Sector Management, Third edition, Norman Flynn, First published 1997 by Prentice Hall/Harvester Wheatsheal - Human Resource Management, Sixth edition, Gary Dessler, 1994 by Prentice-Hail, Inc Basic Statute ot Public Employees Colecclon Separatas, MInisterlo De La Presldencia, Madrid 2008 T chirc n h d nuwe soi 1/2012 @ ... 24-26/9/1996 ADB; Phuc vu va tri; cii thien hinh chinh cdng trcng mdt the gidi canh tranh S Chiavo-Campo vi P.S.A Sundaram, NXB CTQG, Hi Ndi - 2003 Governance In Changing Environment, Edited by B Guy... gifla e i e ed sd d i o tgo tgi c i e nfldc p h i t tridn v i dang p h i t tridn) Nhieu nfldc eho rang, khdng ndn giao eho mdt ed sd thflc hidn mpi logi hinh g i i o due, d i o tao edng vy Mpt nhflng... nhidu nfldc dang c i i e i c h he thdng d i o tgo edng vy theo cd chd thj trydng, nham tgc sy cgnh tranh gifla e i e ed sd dd nang cao c h i t Ifldng d i o tgo C i c cd quan, td chflc ed the cfl cdng