JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI 10 18I7 V2354 I075 20I5 O005 ^ Educanonal Sci , 2015, Vol 60, No 1, pp 38 46 This paper is available online at http //stdb hnue edu vn THIET KE E LEARNING DAY HOC MOT s[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI: 10 18I7.V2354-I075.20I5-O005 ^ Educanonal Sci., 2015, Vol 60, No 1, pp 38-46 This paper is available online at http://stdb.hnue.edu.vn T H I E T KE E-LEARNING DAY H O C M O T s KIEN THlTC HAT NHAN NGUYEN TlT VAT Ll' 12 N H X M R E N LUYEN KI NANG T U H O C C H O H O C SINH Mai "S^n Trinh\ TrUdng Thi PhUdng Chi^ ^Cuc Khao thi vd Kiem dink chdt luang gido due Bd Gido due vd Ddo lao: '^Nghien cifu sinh khoa Vgl li Dgi hoc Vinh Tdm tat Day hpc vdi sU hd trd cua E-learning co nhieu Uu diem khac biet so vdi day hoc truyin thdng Cho din da c6 nhflng nghien cflu vl E-learning, vl nhflng Uu diem ma phUdng tien day hpc hien dai mang lai Tay nhien d cac nghien cflu nay, quy Irinh to chflc hpc tap cua E-learnmgchUa dam bao yeu cau phan hdangUdi hoc, lUdnglac gifla giao vien va hoc smh il, hieu qua ren luyen va phat Inen cac ki nang chUa cao Bai bao chiing tdi thiel kl cac khoa hpc E-Iearning dang phan nhanh theo cac quy luat nhan thflc cua hoc sinh, td chflc cho hoc sinh tU hoc va ren luyen cac kl nang tU hoc dap flng yeu cau ddi mdi day hpc bp mon vat li Tif khoa: Tu hgc, E-leamtng, phifOng lien dgy hgc hien dgi, hai nhdn nguyin lU Md dau E-learning bao gom tat ca cac hinh thflc day hpc dUdc hd trd bdi pbUdng lien dien ifl Cac he thdng lin va iruyen Ihdng ddng vai trd nhU mdt mdi trudng cu the de lien banh qua trinh hpc tap V I cd ban, E-learning la qua trinh chuyen tai ki nang va kien thflc dUa vao may tfnh va mang internet [6] Hpc tap vdi E-Iearning dd phat huy dUdc nhflng Uu diem va giai quylt nhflng han c h i cua phUdng phap day hpc truyin thong, dap flng dUdc cac lieu chi giao due hien dai: Hpc mpi ndi, hpc mpi liic, hoc theo sd thich va hpc sudt ddi, Tinh phan hda cao va ndi dung hpc m i m deo, ngfldi hpe chu dpng qua trinh hpc tap, td chflc mpt mpi IrUdng hpc tap thuan ldi cbo ngudi hpc tU minh kham phd, ehiem ITnh kiin thflc, la nhflng Uu die'm giai q u y l l nhflng han c h i ma phUdng phap day hpc iruyen thong cdn mac phai E-learning da m d cd hdi cho giao v i l n phat huy hdn nfla nhflng tuu cua phUdng phap day hpc truyen thdng, dap flng muc lieu giao due b i l n dai: Day bpc theo quan diem phdt trien ndng Iuc ngUdi hoc Cho den da ed mdt sd cdng trinh nghiin cflu v i E-learning va nhflng uxi diem cua pbUdng tiln day hpe hien dai nbu luan dn cua lac gia Tran Thanh Binh [ ] xay dUng he ihdng E-learning hd trd day hpc phan "dao dong sdng cd" nhUng tac gia chi nghiin cflu cac hinh thflc day hpc cd the trien khai tren E-learning ma ehUa di sau khai thde cdc khia canh cd the phat trien nang lUc ca nhan cho hoc sinh hpc bdng E-learning Luan an eua lac gia Nguyen Thi Thanh Hdng [2], L e Thanh Huy [4] nghiin cflu nhflng Uu die'm flng dung E-learning vdo day hpc cho doi Ifldng sinh v i l n dai hpc Id ddi tUdng ma the ehal, nhan each da hodn thien va Irudng hdn so vdi hpc sinh trung hpe phd' thdng Luan an cua lae gia N g u y i n Van Hong [3] dd nghien cflu kha Ngay nhan bai: 10/10/2014 Ngay nhan dang:17/01/20l.'5, Lien he- TnJOng Thi PhUdng Chi e-mail phuongchi il@gmail.com Thiel ki E-learning dgy hgc mol so kiin thu'c bai nhdn nguyen id Vgl li 12 cu the nhflng flng dung E-learning vdo day hpc Toan Idp 12, Tuy nhien, d cac nghiin cflu ebUa de cap din nhflng tieu chuan va flng dung cu the cua E-Iearmng vao day hpc vdt If trung hpc phd thdng nhdm bdi dUdng va ren luyln ndng lUc lU hpc eho hoc sinh Chinh vi vay, chung tdi dd thilt kl cac khda hoe "Hat nhan nguyin tfl" tren E-learning de cd the khai thac irili de nhflng bilu qua cua phuong lien day hpc hiln dai mang lai Noi dung nghien cUu 2.1 Thiet ke khoa hoc E-Iearning vat h' ren luyen kT nang t\X hoc cho hoc sinh Tu bpc la qua trinh ngUdi bpc tu gidc lich cUc, chu dpng lac ddng vao doi lUdng hpc qua dd tu minh chilm ITnb kien thflc, ki ndng, hoan thien ban than Tu hoc la boat ddng ddc lap, mang dam sac thai ca nhan cua hpc sinh, nbUng hieu qua lU bpc khdng ebi phu thudc vao sU nd lUc cua hpc sinh ma cdn chiu sU anh hudng rat Idn tfl boat dpng day tU hoc, tfl nhifng "kich ban" giao an dUdc gido vien tbiet ki nbdm dilu khiln, td chflc cbo hnc sinh tU minh chilm linh kiln thflc, ren luyln ki nang, de cd the tfl bpc sudl ddi Doi vdi cap THPT, boat dpng tU hpc cua hpc sinb bao gdm loan bd nhflng cdng vice hpc lap cua ca nhan tren ldp, irfldc gid lin Idp (chuan bi bai), sau gid len Idp (dn lai bai, dpc iham khao) Hpc sinh THPT chu yeu tU hpc vdi sU hUdng dan cua giao viln va sU hdp tac cua ban be Vi vay, d nghiin cflu chung tdi tap trung vao md hinh lU hoc cd hudng dan vdi sU hd trd ciia E-learning Cac khda hpc E-leaming dUdc thiit kl theo Iflng modun dang phan nhdnh: Giao vien du kiin kha ndng nhan Ihflc cua tflng nhdm doi IUdng hoc sinh ma dinh binh nhflng dudng hpc lap khae cbo phu hpp Cau true phan cap E-learnmg cd thi bilu diln then sd dd: cac khoa hpe —> Modun -> Cac lieu Modun —> Don vi kiln thflc Hinh L Sd cdu true phdn cap cua E-learning Cac khda hpc then lilu chi tU hnc ed hudng dan eua E-learning bao gdm: - Bdi hgc diin tif: Ddng bd video hinh anh giao viln sd nhanh tiln trinh day hpc Iheo npi dung dUde sd hda ihanb cac modun dang slide Hpc sinh cd the lUa chpn npi dung tU hpc theo nbu cau ca nhan Tren iflng slide bai hpc, hpc sinh nghe giang bai va ghi chep vao vd ca nhdn hoac hd sd hpc tap tren E-Iearnmg Neu chua nam dUdc bdi, hpc sinh cd the quay trd lai slide cu Gian vien hudng hpc sinh ghi chep bdng lUdc dd tu duy, khdng nhflng ghi lai ndi dung hpc lap ma cdn nam dUdc eau true chung cua bai hpc va moi quan he quan Irpng eua tflng npi dung vdi Hpc lap vdi E-Ieaming khdng bi gidi ban ve thdi gian vi Ihl hpc sinh cd the dieu chinh vile hpc lap theo nhu cau va nang Iflc cua minh - Bdi tap dien tit: DUdc Ihiet ki ed cau true IUdng lU bai hoc dien tfl, dUdc phan ioai theo muc lieu can dat eua chUdng trinh hpc va kT nang lU hpc cdn ren luyln IUdng flng Bai tap diln tfl de hpc sinh lU hpc bao gdm de bai, nhiem vu hpc tap, tiiu chi va kT ndng can dat, hUdng dan giai cu the Iflng bfldc cd cd giai thich, ghi ehu, nhac lai kien ihflc liln quan Ngoai bai lap diln tu cua E-learning lilt ke eac each giai IUdng tU neu cd qua dd hpc sinb de dang nam dUdc edch giai Iheo sfl hudng dan cua giao vien, lU minh lUa chpn each giai phii hdp nhat cbo minh, tu chiim linh va cung CO kiin thflc - Khda hgc irifc tuyin dgng phdn nhdnh: "Khda hpe irUc luyen dang phdn nhanh la khda hpc dUdc ihiit ke gom cae ddn vi kiln thflc dfldc chia nhd de tflng ca nhan tham gia khda hpc cd the hpc lap theo tflng nhdnh khac phii hdp vdi nang lUc va dieu kien bpc lap cu the" [4] Hiln cdc khda hpc E-learning hau nhU dUtfc to chflc theo cau tnic chUdng trinh hda kieu tuyen tinb Toan bp ndi dung kiln thflc dUdc chia nhieu lilu kiln Ihflc nhd, tai ca hoc sinh se tien hanh trat tu thao lae gidng ddi vdi mdi liiu kiln thflc Hpc sinh ndm dUdc toan Mai Van Trinh, TrUdng Thi PhUdng Chi bp ndi dung bai bpc hoan dii tdt ca cdc liiu kiln thflc Nhu vdy, de cho loan bd hpc sinh khdng phdn bill trinh dd diu cd the hpc dUde, giao vien thiit ki dang khda hpc bat budc phai dua Irln mflc lilp Ihu dl nhal flng vdi trinh dd eiia hpc sinb trung binh- yiu cflng cd the hoan dfldc muc lilu bai hoc dal Cau inic khdng phii hdp yeu cSu day hpe phdn hda, bpc sinh kha, gidi se cam thay nham chan, khdng hflng thu tham ehi tu man, bilu qua bpc tap khdng eao Chinh vi li do chung tdi de xuat cau tnic to chflc hpc tap khda hpc E-Iearning dang pban nhanh theo sd dd Hinh Tien trinh hpc tap se dUdc tien hanh theo trinh lU: Giao viln cung cap nhflng dfl kien ban ddu nhu kbai niem, djnh lual, djnh li, nhflng kiln thflc liin dl cho hpc sinh tu bpc, cd hudng ddn minh hna Hpe sinb lU bpc, tu tien hanh cac boat ddng d i lich luy kiln thflc Cudi cung, hpc sinh phai tu kiem tra, danh gia va dieu chinh qua cac nhiem vu dUdc giao vien giao cho dUdi dang cac cau hdi, bai tap cung co Irln E-learning, mflc dp ddnh gia tang dan theo cap dp cua cdu hdi hoac bai tap giao cho hpc sinh Hpc sinh hoan tbanb nhiem vu Ihi mdi dUdc hpe npi dung tiip theo Nlu chua dat, E-learning td chflc cho hpc sinh thUc hiln cac cau hdi phu IUdng flng vdi tflng bUde tU trung gian cbo den hoan Ihanh dUdc nhiem vu Bang cflch nay, hpc sinh tU khai quat va nil dUdc cac bude can thiil dl' tra ldi cho tflng loai cau hdi nhiem vu, ren luyln cho hoc sinh eac ki ndng tu va kha nang van dung kien thflc ^l Noidunci N, N* dung k CH| Ciu hoi a'ln*;cci cho no dung 1 luuKO! linikelqu (uan^idungl Hinh Sd id chiic hgc lap cua E-learning dgng phdn nhdnh 2.2 Ren luyen kT nang ttf hoc cho hoc sinh thong qua day hoc mot so kiln thiJc phan "Hat nhan nguyen tur" v6i stf ho tro cua E-learning Deeu the hda Hinh chung tdi thilt ki E-iearnmg ho trd day hpc cbUdng "Hat nhan nguyin Ifl" thupc cbUdng trinh Vat li 12 Thdi lUdng chUdng gdm 13 tilt dd cd till li thuyit, lilt bai tap va I tilt kie'm ira Day la cbUdng ed nhilu kiln thflc trim tUdng, qua tiinh day bdc khdngcddungcuthinghilm.Vi vay, debpe sinh linh hdi nhflng kiln thflc, kT nang va thai ddtheo chua'n va Irln chuan phtJ thude rat nhiiu vao tinh sang lao kT nang, irinh dp cua giao vien cung nhu cac kich ban sU pham to chflc boat dpng hpc lap cho hpe sinh da dUdc giao viln thilt kl trudc Can cfl vao ndi dung chfnh cua ehUdng, chung tdi xay dUng cac khda hoc E-Iearning IUdng flng vdi van dl chinh "Hal nhan nguyen tfl" San pha'm E-learning dfldc dang tai tren http://shoolviet.com npi dung cae khda hoc E-Iearning bao gdm: Khda hpc 1, Cau tao hat nhdn vd nang lUdng lien kit hai nhan; Khda hpe 2, Phdng xa; Khda hpc Phan flng hat nhdn', Lfng vdi mdi khda hoc se dUdc phdn cac mddun va cae tii'u mddun theo chUdng trinb phan nhanh Thiil ki E-leaming dgy Iwc mdt so kiin ihtk hgi nhdn nguyen lif Vdi li 12 2.2.1 E-learning day hoc mot so noi dung Ii thuyet Yeu cau lien quyll gido vien thill ke cac cac chuoi hoat dpng mdi modun phai phii bdp vdi cdc quy luat nhan thflc cua hpc sinb, phu hdp ehUdng trinh va chuan kiln ihflc da dUdc quy djnh, vf du bai "Cau lao hat nhan va ndng lUdng lien kit hai nhan" Vat li 12 THPT gdm [6]: - Yeu cdu vi kiin thde: Nlu dUdc cau lao bat nhan, lUc bat nhan la gi, cac dac dii'm cua lUc hai nhan; dp but khoi va cdng Ihflc tinh dp hut khdi cua hat nhan; ndng lUdng lien kit va cdng thflc tfnh nang lUdng liln kit cua bat nhan hat nhan - Yiu cdu vi kfndng: Xac dinb dUde nguyin to hda hpc dUa irln so proton va ndtron; van dung thao cdng thflc tinh dp hut khoi, nang lUdng liln kit - Yeu cdu vi thdi do: Hoc sinh hflng thu lim hil'u cdc hien tUdng vat li ap dung nhflng hil'u bill vao thflc tiln; tfcb ctlc ren luyen tinh trung thUc, ca'n than, chinh xdc quan sat cdc md phdng, hinh anh va lim hieu eac bien IUdng vat Ii, san sang cpng tdc vdi ban hpc, dau tranh ban ve quan diem cua minh, cd y Ihflc bao ve hda binh (khdng che tao vd sfl dung vu kbi hat nhan) Khda hpc "Cau tao hat nhan va nang lUdng liln kll hat nhan" dUdc chung tdi thiit ke theo mddun vd lieu mddun bao gom: - Mddun 1: Cau tao cua hai nhan nguyen tfl + + •I-t+ Tiiu mddun Tieu mddun Tieu mddun Tiiu mddun Tieu modun 1: Cau hat nhan nguyin tfl 2: Dong vi 3: Ddn vj khdi lUdng nguyen tfl 4: Khoi lUdng va nang lUdng 5: Mdt so hat thUdng gap - Mddun 2: Dp but khdi - Nang lUdng liln kit ciia hat nhan -1- Tiiu mddun 1: Luc hat nhan ->- Tieu mddun 2: Dp but khdi cua hat nhan ^X + Tieu mddun 3: Nang lUdng liln kit W/^ cua hat nhan ^X + Tieu mddun 4: Nang lUdng lien kel riing cua hat nhan Debpe sinh khdng ehi ghi nhd kiln thflc theo kil'u thudc long ma phai nhan rd dau hieu ban chat, dae irUng cua ndi dung dUde hpc, chung tdi Uu liln thilt kl chudi boat ddng nhan thflc cho hpc sinb theo dudng qui nap Sau kbi cung cdp cho hpc sinh cac kiln thfle tiln de de cd Ihe tu hoc, giao viln td chflc, hudng din hpc sinh tU hoe dudi hinh thflc giao nhiem vu bang eac cau bdi phiiu hpc lap, cd the tra ldi ca nhan hoac nhdm theo each to chflc bpc tap cua giao viln He thong cau hdi cd the dfldc xdy dung dfldi dang: - Cdu hdi gai md: La Idai cdu bdi ma hpe sinh cd the ira ldi thdng qua doc Sach giao khoa hoac tai lieu tham khao Cac eau hdi gdi md se hUdng dan hpc sinh nam npi dung, cau tnic bdi hoc, giup hoc sinb phan loai eac y chinh, y phu Loai cau hdi se giup hpe sinh ren luyen ki nang doe lai Heu dong thdi gia tdng nang lUc ngdn ngfl Vi du: Dua vao md binh nguyen tfl Rutherford, hdy trinh bay cau tao cua hat nhan nguyen tfl? (giao vien id chflc cho hpe sinh xem thi nghiem md phdng md hinh nguyin ifl Rutherford irln E-leaming) - Cdu hdi yeu cdu nam vdng kiin thde ca bdn: Cau bdi giup hpc sinh tiip can ndi dung bai hpc, bieu cac thuat ngfl va eau true diln dat eiia eac dinh lual, dinh li Hpc sinh khdng the chi dfla vao cae thdng tin ed san tai lieu ma phai ddng ndo, suy nghi dUa tren nen cac kiln thflc va ki nang da cd, tu duy, lUdng tdc vdi npi dung hpc Muc lilu cua loai cdu hdi ylu cau nam vflng kiln thflc cd ban, ren luyen cbo bpc sinh nhflng kT nang lU Mai Van Trinh, TrUdng Thj PhUdng Chi Vi du: Hay nlu cau lao cua cac nguyin tfl ^'^O va ,^f'ria? hpc sinh muon tra Idi dUOc cau hot dang phai nam vflng can lao ciia nguyen tfl - Cdu hdi yiu cdu hgc sinh ddo sdu ndi dung, van dung, liin he thue li' Hoc sinh mudn tra ldi cac dang eau hdi phai di vao ban chat cac dmh Ii, djnh luat vai li phai tra cflu Ihim tai lilu ngoai Sdch gido khoa Hoc sinh ndm vflng bai lap d cap dp van dung d i giai thich cac van dl liln quan npi dung hoc, nhd dd ma kiln Ihflc hoc lap dUde khde sau hdn Ngoai eac cau hdi liln he Ihuc ll giup hoc sinh md rdng kiln Ihflc dni vdi ndi dung dang hpc, hiiu dUdc npi dung dd flng dung Irong IhUc ti nhU the nan Loai cdu hdi ren luyen cho hoc sinh cac ki nang lim kiim, ira cflu tdi lieu tham khao, tfl logic Vi du' Mdt nhdm nghien cflu phan lich mot mau brom Idng chi tim dUpc gia tri khoi lUdng phan tfl TrUdng nhdm kit ludn rang brom cd ddng vi Kit luan cd chinh xac khdng? Giai thich? De ddnh gid kit qua va nhflng lien bp ma hpc sinh da ren luyln dUdc, giao vien cd the dUa vdo mfle dp hoan nhiem vu dUdc giao ciia hpc sinh Cu thi: + Phat bieu, tra ldi cac can hoi: Hoc sinh nlu nhan xet, trinh bay quan diem cua minh Giao viln dUa Irln cdu tra ldi cua hpc sinh ma danh gia mflc dp kien ihflc nam dUdc ddng thdi cdn ddnh gid dUdc nang lUc ngdn ngfl, ki nang nghe giang, kT nang ghj chep, trinh bay (neu bdi lam nop cho gido vien hoac gfli tren E-learning) hay ki nang irinh bay, lap luan, kT nang sfl dung ngdn ngfl Vat Ii (niu tra ldi trudc ldp) + Chat van: Noi dung cau hdi va each hoe sinh neu cdu hdi vdi giao viln hay ban hpc Dua tren cdc cau hdi chat van, gido viln se danh gia mflc dp nam kiln thflc cua hpc sinb, hUdng ddn va ren luyen eho hoc sinh each dat cdu hni, each Irinh bay y kiln ve I van di quan tam, cdeh khdi gdi su chu y, suy nghi cfla ngudi khac + Thao luan: Cung cac ban nhdm trao doi Ihdng tin, thu nhap dfl kiln de giai dap cac cau hdi Qud trinh ren luyen cho hpc sinh cac ki ndng hdp tae, lam viec nhdm, kT nang tap trung dUdc suy nghT cua ngudi khac, kT nang hda hdp de tan quan diem chung Ngoai hpc sinh cdn dUde tao mpi IrUdng de xdy dung va eung en cac mdi quan he idt vdi ban be xung quanh + Tranh luan: Hpcsinh dUa irln cac thdng tin ma ban than thu dUde de bao vl quan diem ca nhdn, bill cdeh phan doi cac y kiin trdi chieu, xac nhdn tinh dung dan cua vdn di + Thuylt trinh: To chflc chn hnc sinh thuyet Irinh irUdc ldp Mudn hnan dUdc nhiem vu ddi hdi hpc sinh phai bill lUa chpn, kit hdp kiin ihflc, phdn lich, sdp xep logic cac y chinh phu lien quan din npi dung can thuyll trinh de cd the ihuylt phuc, Ihu hut dUdc ngUdi nghe Hoat dpng ren luyen cho hpc sinh cac kT nang dpc, khai thac, tim kiim tai lieu kT ndng phan lich, xfl li dfl kiln, kT ndng Ihuylt trinh, kT nang ndi tmdc ddm ddng + Tong kit on tap kiln thflc bdng ban dd tu Cach lam hUdng dan, ren luyln cho hpc sinh cdcb ghi chep hieu qua Hpc sinh ndm dupe noi dung cd ban iiong bai, bill each he Ihdng hda bang sd dn, gbi nhd npi dung_da hpc sau sac hdn, ren luyen kT nang tdm tdt lap dan bai hpc tap Cach ve, doc va hudng dan sfl dung ban tu bSng clip ndm sSn tren khung bd trd ciia E-learning De ren luyen chn hnc sinh edch ghi chep nay, sau mdi mddun, giao vien giao cho hpc sinh cac nhiem vu ea nhan hoac nhom, ylu cdu long kel, he ihdng hda kiln thflc bdng ban tu duy, thdng bdo cu the thdi ban nop bai va tra kit qua danh ^ia Kit qua dupe gfli van ho sd hpc lap cua hpc sinh cd kem theo ban dn tu mSu de hpc sinh ddi chiiu, hnan thien bai lam cua minh 2.2.2 E-learning day hoc bai lap Khi Ihilt kl, giao vien xac dinh cac ylu cdu, muc dich cu thi trnng cac cau hoi dUdi dang bai lap giao cho hpc sinh Phai cu thi hda bdng hanh ddng va phan hda theo tflng irinh dd hoc sinh, dam bao vfla sflc nhung khdng gay nham_chan chn hoc sinh khd gidi Cau hoi nhiim vu the hien dfldi dang irdc nghiem lUa chpn Vdi mdi nhanh lUa chpn, hpc sinh se dupe hudng dan theo hudng suy luan Ihfch hdp Thiil ki E-leaming dgy hnc mat so kien thiic hat nhdn nguyen lif Vgl ti 12 PHONG XA Hinh Mau bdn dd tu tdm tdt bdi phdng xa di'hge sinh ddi chiiu Mdi hoe sinh cd each tU duy, suy luan khac ddi vdi ddi IUdng hoe tap, vi t h i mflc dd nam bat k i i n thflc cung nhU van dung cung khac Cac bdi tap then hUdng phdn nhdnh se chn kit qua pban hda hpe sinh rd ret Hpc sinh dUdc id chflc boat ddng tren tflng nhanh flng vdi mflc dp tu cua minh Ddi vdi nhanh tU cua hoc smh ylu, edn nhilu bUdc irung gian hdn, nhieu cdu hoi phu va budng dan bo trd hdn Chang ban vdi nhiem vu cung cd khai n i l m vfla hpc, doi vdi hpc sinh trung binh - y l u cbi yeu cau eac em nhdn dang dUdc khai nilm vd van dung d mflc en bdn nhal nhung vdi bpc sinh kha gidi thi mflc dp y l u cau pbai bilt so sanh, lim dac trUng, van dung khai n i l m tinb hudng phflc lap hdn Vf du: Khi hpe lieu mddun "Cau tan hat nhan nguyin tfl", hpc sinh bieu dUdc cau lao bat nhan nguyen tfl va ki hieu hat nhdn Hat so cap (nuclon) Proton Ndtron Bang Cdu tgo hat nhdn nguyen td: Hat nhdn dugc cau tao hdi hai loai hat so cdp goi Id nucldn Khdi lUdng ihco u Ki hieu Khoi lirdng iheo kg lu=i.66055 IO-27kg nip 1,67262.lO'-^kg lilp = l,0()72Su p=JH II = " 11 111,, = 1.67493 10-^"kg 111,, = 1.0()S66u mo 9iG Hinh Md hinh nguyen td: Beryllium Dicn lich -t< Khdng mang dicn tich IM Mai Van Trinh TrUrtng Thi PhUdng Chi Ki hieu hat nhan: ^ X A = sd nuctrdn: So khdi; Z = sd proton = dien ticb hat nhdn; N = A - Z : So ndlrdn Bai lap cbo ndi dung cd t h i nhu sau: Cau hoi 1: Phat bieu nao sau day la SAI ndi ve cau tao hat nhan nguyen tfl? A Proton va ndtron ben Irong hat nhan lich dien irai dau B Hat nhan dUdc cau tao tfl cac nucldn C Co hai loai nucldn la proton va ndtron D So proton hat nhan diing bang s6 electron nguyen tfl Tinh nang phan hoi tflc thi se thdng bao eho hpc sinh kit qua phUdng an lUa chpn la dung hay sai dong thdi cd chu thich eu the chn hpc sinh dni chiiu, xem each lap luan va thao tac lam bai de lU hoan thien phUdng phap dung chn minh Cu the n l u phUdng an lUa chpn cua hnc sinb la: - PbUdng an A: La phUdng an tra ldi dung Hpc sinh nam dUde k i i n thflc cau tao hat nhan, nhd dUdc chi till ndlrdn khdng mang iJiln - PhUdng an B hoac C: Hai ndi dung B vd C ed tai lieu, bpc sinb chon sai phfldng an vi cbua nhd dUdc k i l n thflc hoae xac djnh sai yeu cdu ciia d l bai Trd giup trUdng hdp hoac se xuat h i l n hdp ho ird gifla man binh de hpc sinh dpc lai k i i n thflc hoac se luu y nhac hpc sinh each chu y nhflng tfl khda then chdt cau hdi Tfl khda " S A I " dUde phdng to tao nhdc nhd hpc sinh chu y dpc kT yeu cau 'di bai tranh mac sai lam vi khdng doe kT de bai - PhUdng an D vi nhd nham so proton va ndtron bdng vdi sd electron Irong nguyin tfl, Ird giup tren E-learning se md lai cfla so' cd trich dan phdn kiln thflc tiln d l cho hoc smh so sanh, hpc lai luu y nhan b i l l va ehinh xac k i l n thflc lilp nhan Doi vdi lieu mddun "Dp hut khdi A m cua hai nhan A ^ " , k i l n thflc tiin de hoc sinh can ghi nhdn la nhd edng Ihflc tinh dp but khoi A m va each tinb cac dai Ifldng cdng thflc nin bai lap cung cd dUdc to ebfle dudi dang phan nhanh, moi nhdnh Id mdt phUdng an lUa chon flng vdi mpt toe dp tu va mpl sai lam hoe sinh thudng gap phai Khi giao vien tbiet k l I cau hdi bai tap luyen lap can xac djnh toan bd phUdng phap giai q u y l l cua cau bdi, nhflng budc trung gian, nhflng sai lam hay gap phai cua hpc sinh, tfl dd dUa dap an tUdng flng vdi nhflng sai lam dd d i "bay" hpc sinh, muc dich de hpc sinh b i l l each tU d i i u chinh lU hoan thien sau sai lam ciia minh Vi du giao vien thiit k l cau hoi de ciing co ndi dung dp hut khdi nhU sau: Cau hdi 2: Hat nhan !ji^Co cd khoi lUdng la 55,940u Bilt khoi lUdng ctia proton la l,0073u va khoi lUdng ciia ndtron la i ,0087u Do hut khoi cua hat nhan 'jyCo la: A 4,544u B 4,536u C, 4,022u D 4,097u D l Ifla chpn dUdc phUdng an dung, hpc sinh can tinh dUde so proton va ndtron, nhd dUde cdng thflc dp hut khdi thay gia irj va cd ki nang linh loan Vi vay giao v i l n phai thilt ke cac phUdng an nhilu phii bdp vdi mdt sai lam ciia hoc sinh dd dU tinh trUdc DUa vao cdc bude lU irung gian ma ddt cac cdu hdi phu ho trd, vi du: Cau hoi ' : Hat nhan 'jiJC'o cd khdi lUdng la 55,940u Bill khoi lUdng cua proton la l,0073u va khdi lupng cua ndtron la 1.0()87u So prdlon va ndtron ciia hat nhan 27C0 la: A 27 proton va 33 ndtron C, 60 protiin vii 27 ndtron B 33 proton va 27 ndtron, D 27 proton va 87 ndtron Cau hdi phu ' chinh la budc tu trung gian de cd the hodn can hoi 2, Chi nao hpe sinh chpn dung phfldng an tra ldi cau hdi phu ' mdi dUdc quay trd lai tra ldi cau tra ldi 2, Cae •phUdng an nhilu eua cau hdi phu 2' cung dUa tren cac sai lam cua hpc sinh ddi vdi ndi dung dUde Thiit ki E-learning day hgc mdt so kien ihiic hat nhdn nguyen ni Vgl li 12 ylu cau cua cdu bdi Vdi vi du nay, irinh lU Id' chflc cho hpc sinh lU hoc nhu sau: + Nlu kit qua lUa chpn cua hpc sinh Id phUdng an A: Hpe sinh nam dUdc kien thfle, xac dinb dUdc dung hat nhan 27C0 cd 27 prdtdn va 33 ndtron vd nhd dUdc cdng Ihflc tinh dp hut khdi, tinh loan chinh xac nin lUa chon dUdc pbUdng dn dung, hpc sinh dUde lilp tuc din vdi cau bdi vdi mflc dp cao hdn Dong Ihdi hoc sinh se dUde xem Irln E-learnmg phdn trinh bay chi till cae Ihao tac tbue hien, la cd sd de hpc sinh sn sanh lai cac thao tac eua minh, hoan thien kT nang tu duy, kT nang trinb bdy -I- Neu kit qua lUa ehpn cua bpc sinh la phUdng an B: Hoc sinh nhd edng thflc dd but khoi nhung xac dinb nham la cd 33 prdtdn va 27 ndlrdn, thay vao cdng thflc dan den kit qua Iriing vdi dap an B E-learning se thdng bao eho hoe sinh bilt hpc sinh da lam sai vd dUa hpc sinh theo nhanh lam cau bdi phu 2', hodn tbanb dUdc cau bdi phu 2' mdi dUdc quay lai tra Idi cau bdi -I- Nlu kll qua lUa chon cua hpe sinh Id phUOng dn C: Hpc sinh xac dinh dUdc dung 27 prdtdn va 33 ndlrdn nhUng kbi thay van cdng thflc dp hut khoi quIn ddng md ngoac, E-learning se thdng bao cbo hoc sinh bill hpc sinh da lam sai vd lUu y nguyin nhan sai de hnc sinh tinh loan lai Vile ren luyen eho hpe sinh kT nang tfnh todn + Nlu kll qua lUa chpn cua hpc sinh la phUdng an D: Hoc smh da xac dinh sai sd proton vd ndlrdn, dong ihdi thay vao cdng Ihflc dp but khdi quen ddng md ngoac E-Iearning se thdng bdo cbo hpe sinh biet bpc sinb dd lam sai va dua bpc sinb theo nhanh lam cau bdi phu 2' Hodn Ihanh dUde cdu hdi phu 2' mdi dUdc quay lai tra ldi cau hdi Du cho bpc smh lua chpn phUdng an diing hay sai cung deu dUdc "lUu vet" hd sd hnc tap cua hpc sinb dd Nlu hpc sinh chpn dUdc phUdng an dung tbi hd sd hoc lap se lUu lai cd thdng tin thdng ke tbdi gian ke tfl nhan ylu cau cbo din kbi hpc smh tra ldi dung cau hdi dd Day cd the la thdng tin lam can cfl eho giao vien cd the dU dodn kit qua dung ndy cd phu hdp vdi tU logic khdng, la kit qua cua boat dpng tu hay nhd may rui Tuy du doan theo each chua that chfnh xac nhung neu can cfl them nhflng thdng tin hen quan den npi dung dang xem xel nbu tan suit luyln tap, kit qua eua bpc sinb dd vdi nhflng kien thflc lien quan, tUdng lU, giao vien cd the cd danh gia chinh xac hdn Nlu hpc sinh chpn phUdng an sai, ho sd hpe tap se Iflu lai nhflng thdng tin nhu Idi sai da mac phai la gi, ket qua thfle bien vdi cau hdi phu ciia ndi dung dd nhu the nao, bpc sinh phai sfl dung trd giup ctia cau bdi phu bao nhieu lan, vdi cau hdi lUdng tU hpc sinh cd mac sai lam nhu vay nfla khdng Ren luyen kT nang tU hoe cho hpc sinh thdng qua day bpc trin E-learning tao dieu kiln cbo giao viln danh gia kit qua hpe lap cua hpc sinh khdng phai chi ddn thuan danh gia Ifldng kiln thflc hpc sinh da tiep thu ma cdn danh gia dUdc mflc dp tiln bd hpc lap cua hpc sinh, danh gia dUdc nhflng kT nang lU hpe ma hpc sinh da dUdc ren luyln Giao viln de dang ddnh gia hpc sinh hay ehinh hpc sinb tu danh gia minh dUa vao ebfle ndng "luu vli" hd sd hoe tap cd nhan Kit qua thing ke cap nhat bo sd bpc tap qua mdi boat ddng eua hpe sinh giup gido vien nhan bilt nhflng diln bien lU nhan thflc ciia hpc sinh, nhan bill nhflng sai lam'thudng mac phdi de dilu chinh phUdng phap day hpc phii hdp, chat lUdng day hpc dUdc nang cao, phii hdp vdi muc lieu "Day hpc theo quan diem phat irien nang lUc", hpc sinh dUdc ren luyln cac kT nang tU hpc de cd the tu hpc sudt ddi Ket luan Nhd nhflng Uu diem, linh nang vUdl trdi cua E-learning Irong noi bat la tinb IUdng tac eao, mem deo, phan hda ngUdi bpc, npi dung hpc tap da dang phong phu nhd sfl hd Ird cua truyen thdng da pbUdng lien nen giao vien dl dang cung cap cho hpc sinh cdc bdi giang diln tfl, cac phan mim day hpc, lai lieu tham khao true quan sinh ddng, kich ibfeh, khdi gdi hflng thu bpc lap cua hpe sinh Thdng qua vile thiel kl cac mddun tUdng flng vdi Iflng ndi dung ciia chfldng "Hat nhan Mai Van Trinh Tatrtng Thi PhUdng Chi J nguyin tfl" bUdc dau cbiing tdi da tao mut mdi trUdng hpc tap ma d dd, hoc smh chi cdn cd may | vi tinh, laptop hoac smartphone dUdc kel ndi internet la cd the de dang tU bpc then each rieng phii hdp vdi ban thdn hpc sinh Hpc lap vdi E-learning, hnc sinh cd ihe bpc mpi ndi, mpi luc, chti ddng hpc tap nhd dd chat lUdng day hoc cung dUdc nang can hdn trUdc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] Tran Thanh Binh, 2013 Nghien cifu xdy difng vd sif dung he thdng E-learning vdo dgy hgc phdn "Dao ddng ca vd sdng co" vgl li 12 irung hgc thdng Luan dn tiln sT giao due hpc, Tnrdng Dai hpc Su pham Dai hpc Hul [2] Nguyin Thi Thanh Hong 2012 To chuc lif hgc gido due hgc cho sinh viin dgi hgc suphgm qua E-learning Ludn dn tiin si Giao due hoc, TrUdng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi [3] Nguyen Van Hong, 2013 Ong dung E-learning irong day hoc mdn Todn ldp 12 nham phdt triih ndng life lu hgc chn hgc sinh trung hoe phd ihdng Luan an lien si Giao due hpc, TrUdng Dai bpc Su pham Hii Ndi, [4] Ll Thanh Huy, 2013 Tdchifc hogt ddng dgy hgc vgl li dgi cuang irong cdc tnfdng dai hgc theo hoc ehi lin chi vdi sif ho trg eiia E-learning Luan an liln sT Giao due hnc, TrUdng Dai hpc Su pham Dai hpc Hul [5] Nguyin Thi Khdi (Tdng chu bien), Vu Thanh Khiit (Chu biln), 2008 Sdch gido viin Vgl li 12 ndng cao Nxb Gido due [6] Mai Vdn Trinh, Ti-Udng Thj PhUdng Chi, 201 \ Xdy dung hi ihdng E-learning ho ira dgy hgc phdn Quang hinh hoc (Vgl HU) Tap chi Giao due, Sn ddc biet (10/2011), tr, 96-97 Designing e-Iearning courses to teach nuclear physics to 12"' grade students that will improve students' self-study skills E-learning assisted leaching has many advantages over ttadittonal teaching Research about e-learning has focused on the advantages of this modern teaching tool However, in the course of this research, we have found that the learning organizing process of e-learning is inadequate, teacher-student interaction is limited, practice is limited and skill developmenl is low Tn this paper, we present e-Iearning courses based on student cognition with an organized self-study process and advice on hnw to develop self-study skills Keywords: Self-study, modern teaching tool, nuclear ... teaching Research about e- learning has focused on the advantages of this modern teaching tool However, in the course of this research, we have found that the learning organizing process of e- learning. .. inadequate, teacher-student interaction is limited, practice is limited and skill developmenl is low Tn this paper, we present e- Iearning courses based on student cognition with an organized self-study... Designing e- Iearning courses to teach nuclear physics to 12" '' grade students that will improve students'' self-study skills E- learning assisted leaching has many advantages over ttadittonal teaching