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Q NGHIINCIXIULUM QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC DAY HOC C O A G I A N G VIEN DAI HOC TRJNHIHOY GIANG TnitngBilbfcStfvhfmHiNOi Email HidittinlaiiilSSegmilLcoB Tdm tit Bdi viit trinh bdy qud trinh phdt t[.]
Q NGHIINCIXIULUM QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC DAY HOC COA GIANG VIEN DAI HOC TRJNHIHOY GIANG TnitngBilbfcStfvhfmHiNOi Email: HidittinlaiiilSSegmilLcoB Tdm tit: Bdi viit trinh bdy qud trinh phdt triin ndng lUc dgy hgc cda gidng viin trUdng dgi hgc Trong bdi, tdetft trinh bdy: 1/Khdi qudt ve ndng lUc day hge vd phdt trien ndng lUe dgy hge cua gidng viin;2/Qud trinh hgc tdp ddgibfc eda gidng vien vdi tucdeh Id sinh viin; 3/ Qud trinh gidng dgy ddgi hgc cua gidng viin; 4/Cde yiu td tdc ddng din si/^ triin ndng tUc dgy hge cua gidng vien; 5/Mdtsd biin phdp phdt tnin ndng lgc dgy hge eho gidng viin Theo tde gid, ning luc dgy hgc eua gidng viin Id mdt thdnh phdn eda ndng luc suphgm Vi^c phdt triin ndng lUc dgy hgc cho gidng wdi j cdc ca sd gido due dgi hgc edn duge tien hdnh mdt edeh thudng xuyin, liin tuc Dd Id cdng viie Id trdch nhi^ Ididng di cda mii gidng viin md cdn Id nhiim vu quan trgng cOa ede ea sd gido dgc dgi hge bdi cdnh ddi mdi gido dj/c i^ hge Vi$t Nam hiin Tdkhda: Ndng Ige; phdt triin ndng lUe; ndng lgc dgy hgc; gidng vHn; dgi hge (Nhdn bdi ngdy 25/12/2016; Nhdn kit qud phdn biin vd chlnh sda ngdy 15/02/2017; Duyit ddng ngdy 25/02/2017) D i t vifn d l giio l i m nhi|m vy giing dgy tai d e trUdng OH, cao Thyc hifin ddi mdi cin bin, toin difin giio dyc Viet ding v i duoc phan chia thinh cie nggch gilng vilti Nam giai do^n 2006 - 2020 d i d i t vin d l ning eao gilng viln chfnh, giing v i l n cao d p [2] chit lupng giio dyc d^i hoc (GDOH), chit lupng ddi ngu NLDH cda giing vifin l i mdt thinh phin cOa NL giing vifin, dd cdt Idi l i ning cao NLDH cua giing sU phgm N l u coi NL sU phgm tya nhu hlnh chilu cO) vifin d cic CO sd GDDH [1 ] IWdt thye t l d d c co sd GDOH hogt ddng sU phgm [3] thi NLDH cOng dupc coi nhuhinh cho thiy, cd sy khdng ddng d l u v l NL nghifip vu sU chilu cua hogt ddng dgy hpc Ngiy nay, NLDH cua gling pham cda gilng viln Nhilu gling vifin d d e trudng dai vifin dupe hilu l i sU thUc hi$n d c nhl|m vy, cdng vl^ hpc (DH) ehua dUpe qua dio tao hoic bdi dUdng nghi|p day hpe ey t h i nhutig dilu ki§n nhit djnh trh vy su ph^m Dilu niy d i Inh hudng d i n ehit luong d i o CO sd sy nhuin nhuyin kiln thdc, kl ning, thii dd ngM tgo d cic CO sd GDOH Do v|y, hifin rit d n nhdng nghidp d n t h i l t [4], tSj nghifin cdu vfi NL v i phit triln NLDH eho gilng vifin Phit triln NLDH dUpc xem l i mdt q u i trinh Ilu dii Trong b i i vilt niy chdng tdi di siu nghifin cUu su hinh td ngudl gilng vifin cdn l i SV dUpc d i o tgo d truimg thinh v i phit triln NLDH ciia gilng vifin die dilm OH cho d i n trd t h i n h gilng vifin v l trii qua qui hogt ddng day hpc cCia gilng vifin, nhiJng yfiu d u ddi trinh bdi dudng, t y bdi dudng ehuyfin mdn suft vdi hogt ddng gilng day cua giing vifin, d c y l u td t i c q u i trinh cdng t i c sau niy V i ^ hinh thinh v i phit trifn ddng ddi vdi qui trtnh hlnh thinh v l phit triln NLDH NLDH khdng nhijmg II yfiu d u dgt cho mdi gilng vHit eua gilng vifin, trfin CO sd dd dfi xuit d c bifin phip phit m i cdn l i yfiu d u dat cho cic cO sd GDOH triln NLDH cho giing vifin Vdi nghifin cdu niy, eic co sd NLDH cCia giing vifin khdng tich rdi vdi NL chuytn GDDH cd t h i nhin nhin, dinh g i i dupc qui trinh hinh thinh v l phit triln NL su phgm cua ngudi giing vifin mdn v l NL nghifin edu VI viy, p h i t triln NLDH eln chu# d i n phit triln cic NL khic cua giing vifin Kinh nghltrn CO sd mlnh, xil dd ed nhdng gili phip phit triln NLDH eho gilng vifin, gdp phin ning cao chit lupng GDDH d t h i gidl v i thye t i l n bdi dudng, p h i t triln giing \rifin i^ Trung t i m Nghiin cdu & Phit t r i l n Quin tri - DH Kinh tt Vifit Nam hifin Bii vift thi hlfn mit phdn kit qui nghiin cdu eda di tih 'Nghiin edu NLDH cda gling TR Hd Chf Iwiinh d i eh! ring, ngoii nhdng tifiu chuin viin cic trUdng OH su phgm dip dng yiu ciu v l m i t dao ddc v i chfnh trj mdt giing viln gldl II mO< ddi mdf cdn bin, tt>in difn giio due vi ddo tgo d Vlft giing vifin: 1/ Cd NL chuyin mdn cao, nim bit dU^c Nam-, Mi sd W2.2-2013.27, Quy Phdt triin Khoa nhdng gl mdi nhittrong hpc t h u i t cung nhU Ih^lc hgc vi Cing nghf QuSc gia (NAFOSTED) tii trg, PGS.t i l n ehuyfin mdn cda mlnh; 2/Cd NL gilng dgy phii hgp vdi linh vyc ehuyfin mdn siu cua mlnh; 3/Cd NL ngWfti TS TUn Thi Tuyit Oanh lim chu nhifm cUu siu linh vuc ehuyfin mdn cda mlnh I6].W Khii q u i t v l ning lUc day hoc v l p h i t t r i l n chdc ning day hpc, gilng viln OH ed nhi$m vy trang t« n i n g ^ day h^c cua g i l n g vifin cho SV nhdng tri thdc khoa hpc hi$n dgi, k? ning, ki xio Giing vifin l i chUe danh nghi nghidp cua nhi giio v l mdt ITnh vyc khoa hpc n h i t djnh; p h i t triln trf tu*vi lim edng tie giing dgy d d c trudng DH, cao ding Theo NL hogt ddng tri tufi, t u sing tgo cho SV 17] NW quy djnh cua Luit GDDH, gilng vien DH l i nhdng n h i viy, gling vifin OH phii cd NL ehuyfin mdn tdt, cd Ufr 34 •KHOA HQCfiUODVC N6HI£N Cilu U LUAN thdc ehuyfin nginh siu, n i m vdng kiln thdc v i ki ning vi dgy hoc d OH cung nhu tdng ehuyfin nganh cu thi O l phit t r i l n NLDH, giang wen d n : hilu biet v l q u i trinh day hpc v l dao tao d OH; hilu v i n i m vdng die d i l m tam - sinh If cua SV; hieu rd nhdng dac dilm ehuyfin mdn, nginh n g h i dao tgo mlnh phy trich; cd k! ning sd dyng d c phuong phip day hpc dDH; cd ki ning td chdc hoat ddng hpc t i p va nghien cdu khoa hpc cho SV; cd hilu bilt x l hdi sau rdng; lam chu dupe nhdng phuong tifin Id t h u i t cdng nghe hifin dgi ? thdc dupc vai trd, trpng trich cua b i n than ddi vdi p h i t triln NL nghi nghifip v i ddi vdi vific d i m b i o chat luong GOOH Trfin CO sd nhOtig hilu b i l t ki ning, t h i i trfin, NLDH cda ngudi gilng vifin OH bao gdm eie NL thinh phan sau: - NL phit triln chuong trtnh dio tao DH ddi vdi nginh, ehuyfin nginh cua b i n than phy trich; - NL thilt k l b i i giing theo cic quan dilm day hpc hifin dgi; - NL lua chpn v l sd dung d c phucmg phap v i ki thuit day hpc hifin dai dOH de cd t h i phit triln ducK NL r»ghl i g h i ^ , NL tU phfi phin v i sing tgo cho SV [4]; - NL phit hifin v l gili quylt v i n d l niy sinh q u i trinh day hpc v l d i o tao d OH; - NL thucmg t h u y l t NL quin If thdi gian, quin tf d m xue cua b i n t h i n nhim phyc vy tdt eho q u i trinh dgy hpc d OH; - NL sd dyr>g cdng nghfi day hoc v i d i o tgo; - NL tu bdi dudng, phit triln nghifip vu su phgm, trinh dd ehuyfin mdn cua b i n thin Nhu viy, vific phit triln NLDH eho gilng vifin d d c CO sdGDOH d n dupe t i l n hinh mdt d e h thudng xuyfin, lifin tyc Od l i edng vific, l i trich nhifim khdng chl cua mdi gilng vien m i cdn l i nhifim vy quan trpng eua d c CO sd GDDH bdi d n h ddi mdi GDOH Viet Nam hifin Q u i trlnh hpc t i p d dai hpc cda g l i n g vifin vdl t u d c h l i sinh vifin Mdi gilng vifin d l u cd q u i trinh hpc tip, nghifin cOU tgi d c trudng OH Cd nhCmg gilng vifin dupe dao tgo d c nginh Su pham v l cd gilng vifin dupc d i o tao d c nginh ngoii supham.Trong el hai trudng hpp niy, cdn l i SV, hp ehua dupe trang bi nhdng ki ning, nghifip vu su phgm d n thilt eua mdt giing vifin DH ^i lfi dd, NL su pham cua d c giing vifin khdng ddng dlu, cd t h i edn chua d i p dng dUOc yfiu d u cua mdt giing vien OH l i dilu tat ylu Vific xem xfit q u i trinh hpc t i p cua gilng vifin edn l i SV theo hpc tai trudng DH giup cho d c giing vifin, d c n h i quin li GDDH cd cii nhin da chilu vi sy cin thiet phit triln NLDH cho giing vifin hien DuiA diy l i die dilm q u i trinh hpc t i p cua gilng vifin d OHvditiJdehllSV 3.1 Sinh vHn tit nghiip cie nginh ngoii sdpbgm SV nginh ngoli su pham l i nhiJng SV theo hpc eic nginh khdng thudc khdi supham Mue tifiu dau cOa Q nhutig nginh hpc niy khdng nhim trd thinh nhdng giao vien phd thdng hoac gilng vifin OH Tuy nhifin, sd nhung SV tdt nghifip niy, cd mdt ti II nhat djnh lai trd gilng vien tai d c ca sd GOOH Khdng phii ngau nhien ma nhdng SV dd Igi ed t h i trd thinh giing vifin, chuong trinh d i o tao m l hp theo hoc khdng ehuyfin sau v l khoa hpc giio due, khdng ehuyfin siu v l d i o tgo nghiep vy su pham VI viy, d l trd thinh giing vifin DH, nhdng SV d n d i p dng dugc yeu d u gi v i q u i trinh hpc tip, ren luyfin, phan d l u eda hp d n d i l n nhuthe nao d c nha tn/dng DH Oiy l i v i n d l d n dupc xem xet v i nghifin cdu nhim ning cao chat lupng ddi ngu gilng vifin OH ndi chung v l d d e eo sd d i o tgo giio \rien trinh dp DH ndi rifing hien Oud trinh hgc tdp eua SV nginh ngoii sU phgm mang nhdng die d i l m sau d i y [8], [9]: Thd nhdt q u i trinh hpc tap l i q u i trinh chuan bi trd thinh ehuyfin gia cie linh vUc khoa hpc m i hp theo hpc; Thdhai, myc dich cua vific hpc l i nhim trd thinh ngudi lao ddng cd ki ning cao v i sing tao linh vye nghi tucmg dng; ThUba, ddi tupng va ndi dung hpc t i p l i h^ thdng tri thUe ki ning CO b i n ed tinh hfi thdng v i tfnh khoa hpc cda mdt linh vUc khoa hpc - cdng ngh$ nhit djnh; Thdtu, phuang phip hpc t i p eda SV ehu y l u l l ty nghifin cdu d c t l i lieu khoa hoc, t i / khim p h i mdt eich t u g i i c tieh eUc ddc lap va sing tgo cung vdi tU phfi phin v i bifin chdng Su thinh cdng cua vific hpc se d i n vdi nhOrng SV ed tinh tu g i i c t u luc cao q u i trinh hpc t i p v i nghifin cdu ThU ndm, difng cd hpc t i p cua SV cd su phin hda v i da dgng nhim thda m i n nhu d u hpc t i p khic cOa SV Cac nhdm ddng co hpc t i p cda SV bao gdm [8]: - Odng CO nhln thde khoa hpc: Ddng eo niy xuit hifin d nhdng SV cd nhu d u hilu b i l t tfch luy tri thdc v i ning cao nhln thdc khoa hpc Bilu hi^n d nhdng SV niy II hpe t i p say mfi, hdng thu vdi cic v i n d l khoa hpc v i khao khit khim p h i tri thdc mijri - Ddng co nghi nghiep: Phin ldn SV d l u cd ddng CO hpc tap niy vi nhu d u nghfi nghifip Ho ludn y thdc dupe viec hoc II d l ed ki nang n g h i nghifip, ehuin bj cho cudc sdng v i tucmg lai sau niy - Odng CO hpc vi g i i tri xa hdi: SV ed ddng ca niy hoc tap vi nhdng g i i tri xa hdi eua vi^e hpc mang lai: hpe y thdc trich nhifim cdng din; mong mudn dupe edng hiln cho xa hdi - Dgng ca ty khing djnh: Thude nhdm ddng co niy l i nhdng SV y thdc duoc nang khilu, sd trUdng eua minh v l mong mudn duoc khing dmh chung trude ngudi khic NhCmg ddng co trfin deu cd g i i tri thuc diy hogt ddng hpc t i p cua SV nhuTig d mdc dd khie theo tdng thdi dilm v i tdng nhdm ddi tupng SV khic Cd nhieu ylu td Inh hudng d i n ddng co hpe t i p cua SV nhu: Ndi dung tn thdc khoa hpc, phuong phip day hpe Sflm-THAHG2/Z017*35 Q NGHIEN COUU LUAN giao due niy, SV trd thinh g i i o vifin giing dgy t?i cfc cua gilng vien, y thdc cua SV v l gii tri cda viec hpc trudng phd thdng Vi t h i , q u i trinh hpc t i p cua rtfthj Cde hoat ddng khde cua SV: Ngoii hoat dpng hpc SV niy duong nhifin cd nhdng die d i l m khic vd(^] t i p nghe nghifip, nghifin edu khoa hoc hau het sinh trinh hoc t i p cda SV nginh ngoli sU phgm Dudi d^lj vien cdn tich eye tham gia d c hoat ddng chfnh tri, xa nhdng die d i l m cua q u i trinh hpc t i p ciia SV nglnK^^ hdi, hoat ddng t h i thao, van hda, v i n nghfi [8] pham hien [11]: Hoat ddng chlnh tri - xa hdi l i bieu hien sUtrUdng Thd nhdt, q u i trinh hpc t i p cua SV sU phgm li qu thinh v l mat xa hdi eua SV Hlu h i t SV hdng thu v i nhifit tinh tham gia cic hoat ddng chinh tri - x i hdi v i trinh ehuan bj trd thinh n h i giio dyc tuang lai; Thdhai muc dfch cda vific hpe l i nhim trdthirli ngoai nha trudng Cic hoat ddng cua SV ed g i i tri to ngUdi giio vien x i hdi hi|n dai, thuc hi^n dlydiJ4 Idn ddi vdi ddi sdng xa hdi va cdng ddng chdc ning: l i n h i giio dyc la n h i nghien cdu khoahpi Bfin canh do, SV cdn rat tich cue tham gia eic hoat l i n h i quin If giio dyc l i n h i hoat ddng xa hdi va nhj ddng vin hda, van nghfi, the thao, du lich Tharn gia d c v i n hda; hoat ddng niy, SV cd dieu kifin de hpc tap, the hifin v i Thiiba, ddi tupng v i ndi dung hpc t i p ll h^ th&ig khing dinh minh, ddng thiH l i co hdi de giao lUu, ket ban nhim thda nhu d u tlnh ban, tinh yfiu v i cac tri thdc kT nang cua khoa hpc co b i n v i khoa h p c ^ dyc mang tfnh khoa hpc, he thdng v i hifin dgi; nhu d u tinh thin khic Thdtu hpe tSp cua SV sU pham mang tfnh chfti) Mdt hogt ddng die bifit ngiy d n g thu hut SV tham nghifin cdu, tU t r i i nghiem v l khim p h i mdt cichoj gia l i hoat ddng lao ddng cd thu nhap kinh t l Hoat ddng niy xuit phit td nhiJmg ddng co khie nhau: g i i c tich cue ddc l i p v i sing tgo, g i n liln vi$c hpctjp nhu d u dupc hilu bilt thfim d c van d l x i hdi cie v i n tren ldp vdi thUc hinh, thuc t i p sU pham tai d c tnltmg d l nghfi nghifip hoac nhu d u thu nhgp kinh t l Dd phd thdng; Thii ndm, ddng co hpc t i p cda SV sU phgm c&ig l i nhdng nhu clu t i t ylu cda SV hifin Tuy nhifin, can ed su khuyin cio ddi vdi SV nlu hoat ddng niy ed i n h ed si^ phin hda v i da dgng nhim thda nhu ciu I19C t i p khic cOa SV Cic nhdm ddng eo hpe t^p dii SV hudng nhilu d i n q u i trinh hpc t i p eua hp Oupc sdng x i hdi vdi nhCmg thinh tUu to idn su pham cung bao gdm: ddng eo nh§n thde khoa tnjc cOa khoa hpc cdng nghfi [91 [10], nhin chung SV ngiy ddng CO nghi nghifip; ddng co hpc vi g i i tri x l h^i;dflng | ed vdn kinh nghifim sdng, cd trinh dd nhln thdc eo ty khing djnh, dd, ddng co nghi nghidp chilm , phit triln hon SV d d c thdi kl trudc, nfin qua trinh Uu t h i han c i vl da duoc SV xie dinh rd ring iMa chon hpc tip, SV ludn cd nhin thdc vupt khdi ndi dung tri hpe nginh Supham Ngoii hoat ddng hpe t i p n g h i nghi$p, nghifinohi thUc chuang trinh quy djnh, mudn tim kilm kiln thdc mdi, mudn dupe md rdng, dio siu tri thdc mudn khoa hpc, SV Su pham cdn tham gia cic hogt ddng cWiA phit hifin v i gill quylt vin d l bing nhilu d c h , mudn tri- xa hdi, hoat ddng t h i thao, v i n hda, vin nghiVi^c vin dung nhdng hilu bilt cua minh vio thUe t i l n nghi tham gia tfch eye cie hoat ddng niy l i h i t sde d n thift nghifip v i cudc sdng d l kilm nghifim nhdng dilu da ddi vdi SV Su phgm nhim p h i t triln t o i n di^n nhin c4* cua ngudi giio vien phd thdng v i d i m nhln dupc4 diA hpc Nhu viy, vdi q u i trinh hpc t i p cua SV nginh ngoii ning nhU da nfiu trfin Tuy nhifin, nhdng SV theo hpc su pham, sau tdt nghifip, SV cd t h i d i m duong dupe nginh SU phgm n l u trd thinh giing vifin DH vin cin d e vai trd: II ehuyfin gia, l i nhi quin II linh vye phii bdi dudng thfim NL su phgm nhim dim bio dii?c nghi nghifip m i hp da theo hpc l i nhi hogt dpng x l hdi nhdng yfiu clu eua mpt gilng vifin DH [9] Nhung, mgt diiu tdt yiu Id SV ngdnh ngodi su phgm Q u i trlnh g i i n g day d dai hpc cCia gling vita khdng thi trd thdnh nhd gido due, nhd qudn II gido dgc Sau tdt nghifip DH nginh Su phgm hoic ngSnh vi qud trinh hge tdp cua hg khdng hudng tdi diiu ndy vd ngoii su phgm, mdt tl lfi SV trd thinh giing vifin DK chuang trinh ddo tao md ho duac ddo tgo hge tdp nghiin Sd SV niy d n phii dupc bdi dudng nghidp vy sU |A?fli cdu khdng ed khdi kien thdc nghiip vu suphgm.Juy nhifin, trudc chinh thdc tham gia v i o q u i trinh gilng d?yft cd nhdng SV sau tdt nghidp dupe gid lai trudng l i m cie CO sd GDDH Tuy nhifin, d l p h i t triln NLDH, ngilM gilng vifin hole cd t h i dupe tuyin dyng lim giing vifin giing vifin nhit thilt phii tham gia v i o q u i trinh glJrig tai cie eo sd GDDH khic Nhit dinh nhdng SV niy d n dgy v i nghifin edu khoa hpc Thdng qua hai qui trir* phii dupe bdi dudng nghifip vu su pham theo ehuong niy, trinh dd ehuyfin mdn, ki ning day hpc cCia giin9 trinh bdi dudng nghifip vy sU pham dinh eho gilng vifin vifin dupe tich luy, hlnh thinh v i phit triln, hi|u qui Bd Giio dyc v i Dio tao ban hinh, cung nhu phii t i l p day hpc td dd dupc nang Ifin NhUng trUdc thamgiJ tyc phit triln NL su pham, NLDH eua b i n thin q u i vio q u i trinh gilng dgy, gilng vifin d n phii biltdiV trinh giing dgy vdi tu cich I I gilng vifin sau niy die dilm cua hoat ddng dgy hpc d OH d i td dd cd ^ 32 Sinh viin t6t nghifp nginh Suphgm hudng cho q u i trinh dgy hpc cua b i n thin SV nginh SU pham l i nhdng SV theo hpc tat d c 4.1 Die diim hogt ding dgy hgc ddgi hgc CO sd giio dyc cd dio tgo nginh Su phgm hoic cd chdc Cin cd vio die d i l m hoat ddng dgy hpc ndi chunj ning dio tgo giio vifin Sau kht tdt nghifip tU d c co sd 112], ddng thdi cin e d v i o die d i l m hogt ddng hpctit 36 • majt HQC «Ao DW NGHI^NCOUUlllANt^ :uaSV[12], hoat ddng dgy hpc cda gilng vien dDH cd Shdng die d i l m sau: Thii nhdt, l i hogt ddng ed myc tifiu rd ring, nh^m ^iup cho SV dat duoc myc tifiu cua bai hoc, cua mdn hpc