QUANTR! KINH DOANH IJfNG DUNG Md HINH SECI TRONG QUAN THI THI THUfC TAI CAC TOCHltC GIAO DUC VIET NAM Ngaynh$g 28/11/2014 Tran Hoai Nam Trudng Dai hpc ThflOng mai Email namdhtm@gmail com Tran HOu Llnh[.]
QUANTR! KINH DOANH IJfNG DUNG Md HINH SECI TRONG QUAN THI THI THUfC TAI CAC TOCHltC GIAO DUC VIET NAM Tran Hoai Nam Trudng Dai hpc ThflOng mai Email: namdhtm@gmail.com Tran HOu Llnh Cue TMDR va CNTT - B§ Cdng ThflOng Email ;linhth@moit.gov.vn Ngaynh$g: 28/11/2014 Ngaynhgn Igl: 18/12/2014 Masd: 76.2TrEM.22 d 'cac to ChQe giio dgc tai ViSt Nam ndi ehung va tai Tmdng Dai hgc Thudng mai ndi rieng, mdi ci nhin ti nhQng nhi th thOc, tii san idn nhi't cua td chQc li tn thOc, mdi tmdng van hda eua to ChQc, li mdi tmdng dio tgo, tmyen bi ththOc Tuy nhien cic td chQc giio due cdn tdn tgi nhieu han che bit cip lim inh hodng den qui trinh sing tao th thQc qui trinh quan ly, sing tao th thOe dah tdi viSe "chiy miu chat xim" vi nhQng hS luy khdng tdt Do viy, nghien cQu md hinh SECI, dd giio su Ikujiro Nonaka de xuat nhQng nam 90 md ti qui tnnh to chQe sing tao th thQc to chOc mdi tmdng lam viec va eie dieu kien eOa qui trinh sang tao tn thQe se thuc day qui trinh sing tao tri thOc cung nhu quan ly tii san th thOe td chOc giao due mgt cich ed hieu qua hdn TQ khoa: Ong dgng md hinh, md hinh SECI, quin tn th thQc to chOc giio due ViSt Nam Mo hinh SECI va cac nhan toed ban cua mo hinh SECI • MS Mnh SECI Md hinh SECI md ta qua trinh to ehfle sang tao tii thflc tfl tri thfle I n cua ca nhan thdng qua tuong tde nhdm td ehflc va moi trudng Idm vide se tao tri thfle hidn Md hinh bat dau bang qua ttinh xa hdi hda eua cdc ca nhan, sau dd den qua trinh ngogi hda ben eac to ehfle qua trinh ket hop ben eae to ehfle, tiep dd la qua ttinh tidp thu trd lai cac ca nhan, tdp the td chflc (hinh 1) - Qui trinh xa hdi hda (Socialization) Trong qua trinh trt thflc I n cua cac ca nhdn to chflc dupc ehia se lam vide cung nhau, tfl dd tao tri thflc mdl Dieu ndy ddi hdi eae ed nhdn phai Idm vide chia se cung So 76/2014 thdi gian dai cung trai nghiSm trye ttep edng viee, ehia se vd tfeh luy tri thfle an eflng mdt mdi trudng - Qui trinh ngoai hda (Externalization) Trong qua trinh ngogi hda, tri thflc I n cd dflpc tfl qua trinh doan xa hdi hda se dflpc dien dat tri thfle hien Tri thflc an trd nen rd rang, duoe ehia se nhdm thdng qua ngdn ngQ, hinh anh, md hinh hay cdc cdch dieh dat khac Tri thfle an dupc dieh dat tri thfle hiSn thdng qua ddi thoai hai chieu, sau dd dflpe khai quat, tinh Ipc trd tri thflc hien, dflpc ehia se to chflc - Qui trinh ket hop (Cdmbinatidn) Cd the khang djnh gia tri eua tri thflc dupc tao phan Idn phu thupc vdp viec nd duoc to ehflc nhu the nao Trong qua trinh ket hpp, tri thflc hiSn '""'«hoc ^ thtfdng mai 45 QUAN TR! KINH DOANH Ght chu: c: ca nlian; n: nlioin: t: to cliiTC Hinh 1.- Qui trinh sing tao th thQc - Md hinh SECi Ngudn: Nonaka vi Kono 1998 tfl giai doan ngoai hda se dflpc sap xep, ket hop hodc xfl ly de' hinh mdt hp thdng tri thflc hidn phflc tgp va ed hd thdng hon Tri thflc hidn nly sau dd dupc phd bien den toan bd td chflc - Qui trinh tidp thu (Intemaiization) Tri thfle hien dupe tgo va chia se todn td ehfle, sau dd nd se dupe chuyen hda tti thfle In theo each tiep thu (ndi hda) Thdng qua dd, tri thflc an cua moi cd nhdn duye bo sung va tiep thu them Tiep thu khdng phai Id mpt qua trlnh dp dyng thflc hdnh ma la mdt qua trinh ap dung cd y thflc, dd la qua trinh chflng ta suy ngarn y nghTa cua nhflng gi chung ta hpc dupc tfl nhQng tri thflc hien, ddng thdi ehuyen hda ky nang dS' cd ttie' sfl dyng y Sau dd, tri thflc an lai tiep tye dfldc chia se thdng qua qud trinh xa hdi hda, bat dau mdt qua trinh SECI mdi * Cac nhan toed tian cua mo hinh SECI Cd the' hieu sy vdn ddng bdn giai doan chuydn bien tri thflc van ddng theo hinh xoan dc, chfl khdng phai mpt vdng trdn Trong vdng xoan oc SECI, tri thfle mdi se khdi ddng mdt vdng xoan dc mdi md rpng ca theo chieu rdng v l chidu sau Tri tiiflc cd the' dflpc chuyen giao ngodi to chflc va WDa tigc ^ ^ , ^ ^ _ _ _ ^ ^ _ ^ ^ _ 46 thtfdng mal ede tri thfle cua cac to chflc cd the tuong tac vdi tao mdt vdng xoan dc SECI Idn hon Tuy nhien, de' vdng xoan SECi ed hi§u qua hdn, mo hinh SECI can nhflng dieu kien Hen quan tdi each khuyen khich mpi ngUdi sang tgo tti thfle, cdch tao moi quan hd gifla mpi ngudi vd gifla mpi ngudi vdi mdi trudng NhQng diSfl kidn ndy dflde tao bdi nhflng nhdn td khde nhau, nhQng td ehfle biet ket hpp nhflng nhdn td ndy de sdng tgo tti thfle lien tue cd the thyc sy hidn thye hda viee quan trj tri thflc - Tam nhin tri thflc va cac myc tieu dinh hfldng Tam nhln hay edeh t l ehflc dmh nghTa ly ton tai quyet djnh ton tgi cua minh Tlm nhtn tti thflc cd the tgo cam hflng, niem dam me eong hien, khuyen khfeh sfl sang tao eho cdc thdnh viSn to chflc De lam dupc dieu ddi hdi cac td chflc phai quy dinh mpt he thong gia trj nhit qudn, cd tiSu ehuan rd rang dS' dp dyng eho mpi ca nhdn, mpi hanh ddng td chflc Muctieudjnh hfldng dih dfldng eho toan bd mpi hogt ddng cila td chflc Vi vdy de thflc dd'y qud trinh sing tgo tri thflc td ehflc, cdc myc tidu djnh hfldng phai rd rang, ludn tgo ddng luc sang tgo cln thiet So 76/2014 : QUAN TRI KINH DOANH cho ede Uidnh vien t d ehflc - Bdi thoai vi thue hinh Ddi thoai Id eo sd eua qud trinh sang tao tri ttiflc hieu qua vl nd eho phep ehflng ta hie'u rang cdn cd nhflng quan die'm khae vdi quan d i l m eua minh Sy sang tao tri thflc ddi hdi cac dieu kidn nhit djnh cua ngUdi tham gia ddi thogi Thfl n h i t , ngudi tham gia phai cd kha nang dieh dat suy nghT cua minh mdt each ro rang, quyet doan nhung van khiem tdn Thfl hai ngfldi tham gia doi thogi phai tfl cdi md san sang tiep thu va cd kha nang so sanh quan diem cfla minh vdi ngudl khdc, de ed the hieu eai dung, sal cua minh de day minh ien mpt t l m cao mdi Ddi thoai cho phep ngudi tham gia chia se, tiep thu nhQng quan die'm khac nhflng khdng phai iOe ndo tri thflc I n eung dupe the hien thdng qua ddi thoai md cd thd dupc dieh ta va tdng hpp thdng qua thyc hanh Vi vdy, de' cd the dieh ta toan bd tri thfle I n , eae td ehfle can xdy dyng eae eo che, tgo dieu kidn cho eae cd nhdn cd dieu kipn ttiam gia vao eae hogt ddng thyc te, dao tao, boi dudng ddi ngu - Mdi tmdng vi ba Trong qua trinh sang tgo tri thflc md hinh SECi eho t h i y bdi canh sang tao tri thfle hay gpi Id "ba" ed t l m quan rat Idn Tren thye te, ba ludn tdn tai mpi t d chflc, nhflng de qud trinh sang tgo tri thfle hiSu qua can cd cae dieu ki$n nhat djnh Ba la mdt boi canh chung cd muc tieu, myc dich hoat ddng rieng Trong dd tri thflc dupc chia se, tao va sfl dung Id nen tang cua hoat dpng sang tao tri thfle, npi chc phep cac ca nhan ddi thoai, thyc hanh de ttiyc hign eac muc tteu, t l m nhin cua t d chflc Trong ba mpi ngfldi ddi thoai, md Idng vdi ngudi khdc, mpt ngudi tdn tai mdi quan hd vdi ngudi khdc, khong tdn tai cai tdi ea nhan tuydt ddi tat ca vl tinh than va muc tidu chung Ba va eac thdnh vidn ba khdng c d d|nh, ba cd the' dflpc tao roi bien mat theo ehfle nang nhat djnh, eac d ^ tupng tham gia vao ba phai cd nhflng tri thflc khac nhau, nhflng quan diem cd nhdn ridng bidt So 76/2014 Ba can nhflng gidi han md nhat djnh ve khdng gian, thdi gian, van de trao do'i de bao vd tinh hieu qua Tuy nhidn, nhQng gidi han ndy phai la nhflng gldl han hgn md cho phep eae ddi tuong tuong tae vdi mdi trudng cung nhU gifla cdc ba vdi Cde thdnh vidn tham gia ba phai cd sy tdn tdm, dau tu thdi gian, sfle lye, san sang tham gia mpi hogt ddng eua ba De' cd dflpc dieu c l n mdt qua trinh hie'u biet, tin tudng glQa cac vien, ba phai cd mye dich ro rang va dem lgi Ipi feh thye sy eho mdi ca nhdn tham gia Mdi tmdng Id mdt hd sinh thai tri thfle bao gdm rat nhieu cac ba da cap vflpt qua gidi han cua td chflc Cac td chflc khdng chi td'ng hpp tri thfle hien cd efla minh ma cdn ket hop vdi nhQng tri thflc cua nhQng doi tflpng khdc nhau, nhQng ba khdc Mdt mdi ttudng tri thflc tdt ddi hdi cac ba phai la nhQng trung tdm, hat nhdn sdng tao tri thflc, ddng thdi eac ba phai cd quan hg tfldng tac, bo sung, hd" trp - Tii sin tn thQc Tai san tri thflc cua to chflc thudng bao gdm: bang sang che, giay phep, ed sd dfl lieu, dQ lieu va nhflng vdn tri thflc khdc nhfl: gid tr; thuong hidu, c l u true he thdng, nang lye trinh dp eua mdi ea nhan, van hda td ehflc Tdi san tri thfle vfla la dau cua qua trinh sang tao tri thflc vfla Id dau vdo cua qua trinh sang tgo tri thflc mdi Tdi san tri thfle cd tinh phi vdt ehat, id mdt qua trinh, vl the tdi san tri thfle ludn ludn thay dd'i Tai san tri thfle dflpe tao qud trinh sang tao tri thflc, thdng qua sfl tfldng tdc gifla eon ngudi vdi ngudi, tQ moi quan he, ehia se glQa eac vien td ehfle, ddng thdi tai san tri thfle cung ed dflpc cdc viSn to ehfle tflOng tde vdi moi tmdng ben ngoai ThUc trang cac nhan t d cd t}an md hinh SECI cac to chflc giao due Vigt Nam De nhan dmh thye trang eae td ehfle giao due, dieu kien ed nhieu han ehe, tdc gia da thu hep pham vi eae td ehflc gido due Id cdc ttudng trung hpe thdng, trung cap, eao dang va dai hpe Theo gidi han dd, t i e gia da tidn hanh mdt khao sat quy md nhd tai website mdt s d trfldng -khoa hgc '^ 'thtfdng mal 47 QUAN TR! KINH DOANH • Sumaug, (Tinliliuoiig • Chien Iuoc phat trien aChuan