70 L TRUCJNG SAI HOC THU BD HA Ngi LTNG DUNG CONG NGHE reONG TO CHl/C HOAT DONG VUI CHOI ^ CHO TRE MAU GIAO Cl CAC NU6C PHAT T W E N D6 Kilu Anh'''', Vu Thuy Hoan Trucmg Bai hoc Thii do Hd Noi Tdm tit Tr[.]
TRUCJNG SAI HOC THU BD HA Ngi 70_L LTNG DUNG CONG NGHE reONG TO CHl/C HOAT DONG VUI CHOI ^ CHO TRE MAU GIAO Cl CAC NU6C P H A T T W E N D6 Kilu Anh', Vu Thuy Hoan Trucmg Bai hoc Thii Hd Noi Tdm tit Trong Ihai dai ky thudt si, viec sir dung cdng nghe Irong Id chirc hogt ddng vm chai cho tre mau gido Id cin Ihiil vd dugc gido vien a cdc qudc gia phdt trien dp dm% rii Ihdnh cdng Tuy nhien a cdc quic gia dang phdt trien nhu Viet Nam, viec dp dmg cong nghe hoat dong gidng day vd Id chirc tro chai cho tre cdn chua Ihiic supha biin Bai viit ndy se thao ludn nhirng lai ich Irong viec sir dung cdng nghe de Id dm hoai dong dm ue mdu gido, kinh nghiem su dung cong nghe to chuc boat dong m chai cho Ire mdu gido a moi si nude lien tiin tren Ihi gidi vdmolsi kien nghi nhim giiip gido vien mim non co thi su dung cdng nghe de td chuc Ihdnh cdng cdc boat dong yiii chai cho Ire Tirkhoa- cdng nghe, boat ddng vui chai, suphdl Uien ciia Ire mdu gido M O DAU Trong thdi dai ky thuat, viec van dung cong nghe thdng tin va cac teang thiet bi hien dai vao day hgc het sue can thiet nham dap ung nhu cau phat trien cua xa hdi Theo ket qua nghien cuu ve tac dgng cua cac hoat dgng vui choi su dung cac irng dung cdng nghetdi sir phat trien cua tre mam non tai cac qudc gia phat trien nhu Uc (Edward, 2015 Fleer, 2017), New Zealand (Khoo, 2013; Prieto, 2015), My (Clements & Samara 2003; Roskos el at, 2011; Pareue & Blum 2013, trich Nikolopoulou, 2014) va Anh (Stephen k Plowman, 2003; Siraj-Blatchford, 2006; Morgan, 2010, ttich Nikolopoulou, 2014), cac san pham cdng nghe nhu may tinh va may tinh bang cd thd dugc su dung nhu moi cong cu giang day hOru ich ho trg qua trinh hgc tap cua tre nhd ciing nhu phat triln cac ky nang ciia the ky 21 nhu ky nang giao tiep, k\ nang lam viec nhdm, ta sang tao Tai Viet Nam nganh giao due ndi chung va giao due m i m non ndi rieng cung dang timg budc tiep can vdi cong nghe hien dai nhSm ddi mdi phuang phap va hinh thuc day de Nhan bai 27.4.2017: gui phan bien va duyet dang 20,6.2017 Lien he tac gia Bi Kiju Anh Email kieuanhdo wsggmaiLcom TAP CHI KHDA HOC - SD 1S/2017 || 71 nang cao chat luong day hoc Tir nam hoc 2008-2009, Bp Giao due va Dao tao hen tuc co cac chi thi ve viec tang cuong giang da\ dao tao va iing dung cong nghe thong tin nganh giao due tit ca cac cap trucmg tu dai hoc, cao dang cho den trung hoc \a ca bac hoc mam non Hien nay, cac truong mam non co dieu kien dau tu va trang bi cac thiet bi cong nghe hien dai nhu ti vi, may tinh, may chieu, ket noi mang Internet Mot so truong trang bi them may chup anh, quay phim, may tinh bang , tao dieu kien cho giao vien mam non c6 the ung dung cong nghe vao giang day Tuy nhien, thong qua cac bai sang kien kinh nghiem cua giao vien mam non, tac gia nhan thay giao vien chi moi dimg nhung san pham cong nghe viec soan giao an dien tu su dung cac cong cu hoac phan mem san co nhu bo Microshoft Office, Paint, Photoshop Mot so giao vien da su dung duoc mot so phan mem nhu Kidsmart de hoc toan dem so, nhung nhimg phan mem na\ thuong ton kem \a han che su tucmg tac giua tre voi giao vien hoac cac ban lop Theo danh gia ciia giao vien, viec ket noi va sir dung Ichai thac tien ich ciia cong nghe mang may tinh, dac biet la may tinh bang va mang Internet chua dugc cac truong mam non thuc hien mot each triet de va CO chieu sau Tir thuc te do, bai viet mong muon cimg cap cho cac nha giao due mam non, dac biet la giao vien thong tin ve viec sir dung cong nghe to chiic hoat dong \Tii choi cho tre mau giao tai quoc gia dang phat trien de tir co the nit kinh nghiem ap dung viec giang day tai Viet Nam NOI DUNG 2.1 Hoat dong vui choi va sir phat trien cua tre mau giao Theo Barblett (2010), mac dii hien co nhieu dinh nghla ve hoat dong \"ui choi, nhung tat ca cac dinh nghla deu mieu ta hoat dong choi gom cac dac diem sau (Shipley 2008): - Choi la hoat dong mang lai sir thich thii: mac dii choi doi liic co the mang nhieu thir thach, sir hoi hop, va sg hai, nhung choi van chii yeu mang lai niem vui - Tinh tugng trung: choi, tre se gia vo vao \ mgt nhan vat nao va Thuc hien hanh dgng phii hgp voi tinh each ciia nhan \at - Tinh chii dgng: tham gia chcri, tre hoat dong hk minh tich cue va dgc lap Trong hoat dgng vui choi, nguoi Ion chi dong vai tro la nguoi huong dan tre - Tinh tu nguyen: tre tu chgn tro choi \ a tham gia nhiet tinh chinh siic hdp dan ciia tro choi 72 I TRUClNG BAI HDC T H U BO HA NDI Theo nhiSu nghien cilu khoa hgc, hoat ddng choi dem lai nhieu lgi ich cho su phai trien cua tre nhd bao gdm: - Phat teiln tei tae (bao gdm kha nang nhan thuc va ky nang ngdn ngd) va W sang tao cua tee (Bodrova & Leong, 2005; Lester & Russell, 2008) - Phat ttiin cac ky nang giao tidp va ddi sdng tinh cam re (Lester & Russell, 2008) - Phat triSn nhan each cho tre (Gordon, O' Toole & Whitman, 2008) - Phat triln thi chdt cua tre (Lester & Russell, 2008; Frost, Wortham & Reifel, 2006) Nhu vay, hoat ddng vui choi ddng vai ted rat quan trgng teong sir phat teien cua tre Tre can tham gia cac trd choi van ddng ngoai trdi hay cac trd choi ddng vai va ddi hdi tre phai tudng tagng, ciing nhu choi vdi cac dd choi phat trien su sang tao d tee nhd, tham chi la cac san pham cdng nghe nhu ted choi dien tu hay cac ung dung phu hgp vdi tadi Theo tien sy Kulman (2013), ddi vdi tre mam non hoat dgng vui choi quan trgng hgn rat nhieu sg vdi viec cung cap kien thuc don thuan cho tre Tuy nhien, teong thap nien vira qua, giao due cac nude thudng tap trung vao danh gia cac ky nang hgc thuat nhu dgc, viet va loan hgc cua tre ma bd qua nhirng Igi ich cua hoat dgng vui choi, dac biet la cac hoat dong sir dung ung dung cdng nghe mang lai 2.2 Sil- dung cong nghe to chile boat dong cho tre miu giao Trong nhitng nam qua da cd nhieu tranh luan ve viec cd nen su dung cdng nghe hoat ddng giao due, dae biet la bac mam non hay khdng Phu huynh va cac nha giao due deu lo ngai ve tac dgng xSu cua viec xem ti vi va mdi quan he gitra viec xem ti vi va benh beo phi (AAP 2011b) Theo mgt sd nghien cuu (White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity 2010; Birch, Parker & Burns 2011; Schepper 2011, trich tir bao cao cua td chiic NAEYC \ a trung tam Fred Rogers, 2012) viec xem ti vi ddn tdi mgt sd vin dS nhu ire ngii khdng dung giac, tre gap vdn dl vl hanh vi, kha nang tap trung chu y, kit qua hgc tap giam sut kha nang giag tiep xa hgi va ngdn ngir kem phat teiln Tii> nhien hien ket qua ciia cae nghien cuu (Jenkins, 2008, McCarrick & Li, 2007 Mgrrow, 2009, Q-Rara 2008 trich Garvis, 2016, UNESCO 2010, trich Preradovic Lensin, & Boras, 2016) cho thdy viec su dung cdng nghe giang day giiip tre phat trien kha nang nhan thuc, ngdn ngu va cac ky nang giai quylt vdn dl, tang cuong su tap trang va dgng lire hgc tap cho tre Khi tre tham gia cac hgat dgng vui choi co sil dung cdng nghe, tre thuang cd khuynh hudng thich tim tdi va hoc hdi cac each tilp can va giai quyet van de mdi la Trong nghien cim vl each thuc tim kilm cac trang thdng tin dien ta cua tre mam non Spink, Danby, Mallan & Butler thuc Men nam 2010 (teich Preradovic, Lenshi, & Boras 2016), kit qua cho thdy tre mdm non da cd thi thuc hien TAP CHI KHDA HOC - SD 1B/Zai7 || 73 nhiing thao tac tim ki8m nang cao bing each sii dung cac tir khoa, tim cong cac trang dien tir ciing nhu ciing mgt liic thirc hien nhi^u thao tac tim kiem khac Do do, viec su dung cong nghe dk t6 chirc hoat dgng cho tre mam non can phai dugc xem xet va chgn lua can than Giao vien quyet dinh sii dung cong nghe giao due tre mau giao can dam bao cac hoat dong se ho trg tich cue toi sir phat trien ciia tre Giao vien nen hucmg dan tre tucmg tac voi cac san pham cong nghe bang each giai thich each su dung cac phan mem, lam mau, ggi y cac hanh dgng khac nhau, giiip tre tre gap kho khan ciing nhu chia se niem vui thich sir dung nhiing iing dung 2.3 Mot so tro choi sur dung cong nghe to chuc boat dong vui choi cho tre mau giao & cac nu'O'c phat trien 2.3.J Tro choi "Dyngphim"(Slowmation) Pro choi "Dung phim" (nam dir an Slowmation) la y tucmg sang tao ciia Giao su Garry Hoban, Khoa Giao due, Dai hgc Wollongong, Uc vao nam 2012 Hoat dgng dang dugc nghien ciiu va phat trien boi mgt nhom cac giao su nganh Giao due cong tac tai cac Dai hgc Wollongong, Dai hgc Monash (Uc) va truong British Columbia (Canada) Hien nay, hoat dgng dung phim dugc ap dung rgng rai tai cac tnicmg hgc o Uc tir cap mau giao cho den dai hgc Khi to chiic hoat dgng dung phim, giao vien co the su dung nhieu each khac \a duoi day la cac giai doan^ de trien khai hoat dgng dung phim bac mau giao: > Giai doan len ke hoach (Planning) Tiiy vao lugng thai gian danh cho hoat dgng giao \ien co the chgn chu de truoc hoac khuyen khich tre mau giao chgn chii de truoc bat dau phan canh Tre mau giao thuong thich cac chii de nhu cac cugc phieu luu hoac truyen co tich Giai doan gom nhiing buoc thuc hien sau: - Truoc gio hgc bat dau, giao vien chia bang trang hoac man chieu nhimg khung chinh dii Ion de toan bg tre co the nhin thay L\' sir dung bang trang hoac man chieu la nham giiip hgc sinh co the de dang sir dung cac loai mau khac - Giao vien ke cho tre nghe cau chuyen ngan voi khoang tinh tiet chinh va co the thay doi ten nhan vat truyen ten ciia cac tre Icrp nham thu hiit sir quan tam Theo hudng dSn soan giao an ciia Verta Vratulis, Dai hoc British Columbia Canada I T R U C I N B S A I H O C THCI B Q H A N6J - Giao vien khuyin khich tee k l lai cau chuyen bdng each k l cau ddu tien cua ca, chuyen va khuvin khich tee them tinh tilt tilp theo eua eau chuyen Trong qua teinh giao vien nen nhic tre v l md ddu, diln biln va kit thuc cua cau chuyen eac em ke va dan, bao eac em nhd cac su kien chinh cua cau chuyen d l cd the giup cac em cd teie phan canh - Giao vien quay trd lai su kien ddu tien cua cau chuyen va b i t dau ve khung canh dlii tien cua cau chuyen Trudc ve, giao vien cd thi dat mgt sd cau hdi de khuyen khich tre urdng tergng khung canh cua cau chuyen V! du: "Ngay xira xua, cd mgt chu tho D5 cae eon biit chu thd dd tedng nhu thi nao nhi? Chu thd sdng d dau? Chu thd nhin hien lanli hay dang sg nhi? " Sau hoat ddng nay, tee cd thi hilu cin lam gi giai doan phan canh > Giai (loan phan canh (Storyboarding) - Giao vien yeu ciu tre lam viec theo nhdm, mdi nhdm ed tir 4-6 tee va cung cap cho mdi nhdm hop but mau va giay khd Ion Tre lam viec theo nhdm de phac thao khung canh cua cau chuyen teen giay Mdi nhdm se chiu trach nhiem ve khung canh cau chuyen - Trong tre ve, giao vien nen khuyen khich tre ke lai ndi dung dien teong birc tranh cua minh Neu cd thdi gian, giao vien cd the ghi am lai gigng cda tre ke chuyen - Khi cac nhdm da hoan cac khung canh cua cau chuyen, giao vien hudng dii tre kiem tra xem cac buc tranh cd thieu chi tiet gi cau chuyen khdng Hoat dgng cd the keo dai khoang 10-15 phut va khuyen khich Ire lam viec theo nhdm Giao vienco the ggi y bang each hdi "Cac cd gdp y gi cho buc tranh cua cac ban khdng?" > Giai doan dung phim - Giao vien cd the cung cap cho tre dd choi la nhan vat cua cau chuyen (bing dit nan, gau bong, lego ) hoac cho phep tre mang dd choi tir nha Tuy nhien, giao vien ciing cin nhac tee chia se dd choi vdi cac ban nhdm nlu nhu tre mang dd choi d nha tdi Idp Vi du: neu tre mang ehoi la bac ndng dan bing lego tdi Idp thi tre phai chia se vdi nhom vi nhan vat cd thi xuit hien nhilu lin cac canh khac cua cau chuyen - Giao vien cho tre thuc hanh k l lai dien biln buc tranh hoac ddng vai cac nhan vat cau chuyen - Sau cac nhdm da hoan buc tranh ciia minh, mdi nhdm se chup lai birc tranh cua nhdm minh Giao vien hudng din cac nhdm su dung may tinh bang d l chup hinh \ a chgn nhdm trudng len chup hinh diln biln cau chuyen tai phan canh nhdm minh ph« trach Cac vien khac nhdm se gidp dilu chinh vi tri cua cac nhiin vat dilnra khung canh cua cau chuyen Lmi y: giao vien nen yeu ciu cac nhdm xIp hang « chup hinh theo thu tu diln biln cua cau chuyen TAP CHI KHOA HOC - BC IB/ZDI? || 75 - Giao vien huong dan tre each dua hinh anh tir may tinh bang sang phan mem imovie hoac movie-maker {phhn mIm lam phim) Sau do, cac nhom se ghi am lai gigng ke hoac dong vai cac nhan vat cau chuyen - Viec hinh anh tir may tinh bang sang phan mem lam phim thuang ton nhieu thoi gian nen giao vien co huong dan tre vao mgt buoi hgc rieng biet Mgt so san pham phim cua tre tai cac tnrcmg mam non ciia Uc va Canada co the dugc xem tai http://slowmation.eom/ 2.3.2 Tro choi di tim /tho bau sir dung QR code Day la tro choi yeu cau tre nho van dgng ve the chat tre phai chay va tim kiem noi cat giii kho bau Khi to chiic tro choi nay, giao vien co the yeu cau tre lam viec theo nhom, moi nhom gom 4-6 tre Duoi day la ggi y mot so buoc giao vien can thuc hien de to chiic tro choi nay: - Giao vien xac dinh vi tri cat giii kho bau va vi tri de cac huong dan cho hoc sinh di tim kiem (noi dan cac QR code) Tiiy vao tuoi va cau triic ciia trucmg, giao vien co the tim tir 5-8 dia diem khuon vien truong hgc - Giao vien dimg dien thoai thong minh hoac may tinh bang de chup hinh dia diem du dinh dan cac to huong dan Giao vien nen sap xep hinh theo thii tu cac dia diem tre nho se toi de thuan tien thiet ke va to chirc tro choi - Giao vien tao QR code cho moi biic hinh dia diem giao vien da chup bang each sir dung trang http;//wvv'w.qrcode-generator.com (co huong dan chi tiet va thao tac rat gian) Sau giao vien se in cac QR code va dan vao cac dia diem huong dan toi vi tri cua noi cat giii kho bau Vi du: neu vi tri dau tien cac em can toi la goc phong co dan chii A, vj tri thii hai la phong hgc nhac thi QR code (co biic hinh ciia goc phong co dan chii A) se dugc dan tren bang, QR code (co hire hinh ciia phong hgc nhac) se dugc dan tai goc phong co chir A Day la hinh anh vi du ciia QR code (dugc ket noi toi website ciia trucmg DH Thii Ha Ngi) - Tre se diing dien thoai thong minh va may tinh bang (co ket noi internet va dugc cai san phan mem QR reader) dua lai gan QR code dan lop hgc Khi hinh anh ve dja chi ma tre phai tim se xuat hien tren dien thoai hoac may tinh bang cua tre, vi du hinh anh goc phong dan chii A Tre se phai chay den goc phong co dan chir A d8 tim QR code va tim hinh anh noi se phai di den tiep theo la phong hgc nhac Giao vien co the tim hieu them each thirc to chiic tro choi tai trang web http: //puddlewonderililleaming.blogspot com/2014/02/leprechaun-treasure-hunt-with-qrcodes html 76 TRLldNB BAI HOC: T H C I BO HA Nai 2.3.2 Mot si tro cAoi sir dang phan mem tren thiet bi dien tir thong minh Theo ket qua nghien ciju cua Khoo (2013) tai trudng mam non Hamilton (New Zealand), giao vien da su dung iPadteonggiang day nham giup tee hgc tap hieu qua hon cung nhu tang cudng su lien lac giira phu huynh, giao vien va nhateudng.Dudi day la mot sd img dimg mien phi giao vien tai tir Apple Store va thudng xuyen sir dung vditeemim non (Prieto, 2015): Phonic Match Day la irng dung giup phat trien phat am cua tre rittps://itunes,apple.com/us/app/phonicsmatch/id597926540'mt=8 Sink or Float Bay la iing dung giijp khiam pha xem tha m«t dd vat xudng nude, vat dd se noi hay chim httpsV/itunes appie.com/us/app/sink-or-floal-freekid5-science/ld6056257657mt=8 Colar Mix Giao vien co the in hinh cd s i n va yeu cdu tre to mau tren t d g i i y giao vien cung cdp Sau to mau xong, tre cd the quan sat nhan vat buc tranh cua minh di chuyen dang 3D sir dung dng dung https//itunes.apple.com/nz/app/colarmix/id650645305?mt=8 77 TAP CHI KHDA HOC - SO 1B/ZD17 Toca Doctor BSy la ling dung co nhieu hinh anh va mau s i c thu hut s u chu y cua tre Tre co th& vao vai bcic sy d§ tim hieu c^c bg phan cua ca the cung nhu- hoat dgng ciia cac ca quan tren CO the ngucyi th6ng qua s6 cau hoi nho tren Lfng dung https://itunes.apple.com/nz/app/tocadoctor/id424209938?mt=8 interactive books Day la mot irng dung khac voi phu-ong phap ke chuyen truy&n th6ng Giao vien co the n h i n vao nut 'Tap Tales" de tim ki6m nhCi'ng cau chuyen b i l n cho tre em, Cac trang cua cau chuyen se xu§t hien tren man hinh iPad kem theo giong k§ ve cau chuyen va tre co th6 cham tay vao va thay doi vi tri cua cac d6 vat cau chuyen https;//ltunes.apple.com/us/app/chri5tma 5-tale-hd/id402016391'?mt=8 KET LUAN Tir kinh nghiem ciia cac quoc gia c6 nen giao due phat trien tren the gioi chiing toi co mot so ggi y duai day nham giup giao vien co the sir dung cong nghe de to chirc cac boat dong cho tre mot each hieu qua: Ddi v&i ca sd gido due mdm non: Nha truang nen to chirc cac khoa tap huan ve phuang phap img dung cong nghe giang day Giao vien can dugc tap huan ve each lira chgn sir dung cung nhu danh gia viec sir dung cong nghe chuang trinh giang day To chiic cac cugc thi, cac dien dan trao doi, chia se kinh nghiem ve iing dung cong nghe giang day Cho phep giao vien c6 quyen lira chon va tu nguyen sir dung cong nghe giang day vi viec hoc tap vui chai cua tre chii yeu dien thong qua cac hoat dong tuang tac giiia tre-giao vien, tre - tre cung nhu tre - tai lieu hoc tap 78 II TRUlilNB BAI HOC T H C I BO HA NQI Ddi vdi gido vien: Giao vien la ngudi chiu trach nhiem chinh teong viec lira chon nen su dung, nao sii dung cdng nhu each thuc su dung cdng nghe bai day cua minh coi cdng nghe chi la cdng cu phuc vu giang day Cdng cu can dugc su dung hop ly, khdng nen sir dung thay the cac hoat ddng khac nhu vui choi ngoai tedi, cac ted choi van ddng nham hd teo su phat trien cua tre, giup tee tich cue, chu ddng tham gia cac hoat dgng teong cung nhu ngoai lop hoc Giao vien can chu ddng danh gia cac san pham va ung dung cdng nghe trudc dua vao su dung Khi danh gia, giao vien nen xem xet gia ca cua san pham, so sanh hieu qua viec dng dung cdng nghe mdi so vdi viec su dung cae tai lieu truyen thdng san cd Do cac san pham cdng nghe ludn dugc ddi mgi va cap nhat, giao vien can thudng xuyen danh gia su phu hgp cua cac san pham dial vdi su phat teien v^ th^ chat, tri tue cdng nhu kha nang giao tiSp xa hgi cua tre TAI L I E U T H A M K H A O AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) (201 \),Policy Statement - Media Use by Children Younger Than Years; Pediatrics 128 (5): pp 1-7 Bdo cdo cua Id chdc \.4EYC vd trung Idm Fred Rogers (2012), duoc tai 15/02/2017 taihnp7/w\viv,naeyc.org/files/naeyc/PS_technology_WEB.pdf Barblett, L (2010), Why Play-based Learning? 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