Tap chi so 18, thang 6 2016, tmdng Dai hpc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859 4611 M O T S O PHU^ONG P H A P G I A N G DAY T L HAS M E T T R O N G S A C H G I A O K H O A N G C VAN L O P 8 Tran Thanh Huyen'''' Ngay nh[.]
Tap chi so 18, thang 6-2016, tmdng Dai hpc Tay Nguyen M O T S O P H U ^ O N G P H A P G I A N G DAY ISSN 1859-4611 T L HAS MET T R O N G S A C H G I A O K H O A N G C VAN L O P Tran T h a n h Huyen' Ngay nhan bai: 24/11/2015; Ngay phan bifin thong qua; 03.02 2016; Nga> duifit dang, OS 4/2016 TOM TAT J u Han Viet chifim s6 Iupng kha ldn hfi th6ng tir vung tifins Viet vk thuone duoc sd dung mpt each hch su, trang trpng, tao nha Trong chuong trinh sach giao khoa (SGK) bac f mng hoc co sd (1HCS) noi Chung, SGK Ngif van noi nfing, ldp tu Hdn Vifit xudt hien nhifiu va dong vai trd rdt quan ^^^^^ong^^lJ^ ^ ° ' "^P " ^ ^""^ '"^ ff^S), Do do, viec trang b kifin thirc ca ban vfi tu Hdn Viet sfi giup HS hieu dung nghia cua tir cdc bai hoc, cac tac phdm van hoc va giao tifip hdng °^^f " ^ ' ^ ": T " S " " ? ^^ ''^"g '^ ^y°g " g ° " ^SH ciing nhu gop ph^n giir gin su sang cua tifing Vi?t, Oiao vien (GV) can thudng xuyfin tim toi, ap dung nhimg phuong phap giang day (PPGD) tir Han V,?t hi?u qua hon Ngodi nhirag phuong phdp day hpc tmyfin th6ng G V cdn su dune nhifiu phuang phap khac nhau, nhu su dung tranh anh, vat that de giai thich nghia cua tir hudng ddn HS dimg phuang phdp suy luan va cac meo luat dfi nhdn bifit va sir dung chinh xac tir Han Viet Tu-khda: Tir Hdn Viel tir vung tiing Viet, nghta lir vi_mg phtrangphdp, I M d DAU Nhimg nam gan day, ngdnh giao due nudc ta da quan tam hon tdi vific day vd hoc tit ngif Han Viet nha trudng Tuy nhifin, thuc tfi co khong il GV "ngai" day va HS "ngai" hpc tir ngif Han Viet Do dd, nhifiu ngudi vdn sii dung sai hoac nhdm ldn: sai khong hifiu, khong hifiu nhung vdn dimg, tham chi diing sai ma tudng diing, lau ddn I h ^ thoi quen Tdt nhifin ban than tir Han Vifit chira dung nhifiu vdn dfi phiic lap nhung cai chinh Id ngudi day chua co nhimg phuong phap phii hop, hifiu qua de tao thii d6i vdi ngudi hoc ^ Trong qua trinh hoc tap mon Ngu van, HS phdi CO khd nang gidi thich rir Han Viet nhit dinh thi mdi tiep thu tfit cdc tac phdm van hoc trung dai Vifit Nam, van hpc Trung Qa6c va nhdt la su dung chiing cudc sdng Vdi HS ldp 8, cac em dd hoc ve til Han Viet d nhimg ldp dudi nfin tich luy dupc co ban vfi Idp, tir :mot , ^sd kifin thuc , _ GV CO the ap dung nhieu PPGD khde nham phat huy toi da hifiu qua hpc tap ciia HS Do do, dfi tai tim hifiu vk PPGD tir Han Viet SGK Ngif van ldp nham de mpt so phucmg phap, kifin nghi hudng tdi nang cao kT nang sii dung ngon ngir Vifil ciia HS Dfi tai tifin hanh khao sat he thdna tu Han Vifit SGK Ngu van ldp va difiu tra viec gidng day vd hoc tap tir Han Viet cua GV va HS ldp qua tim nhimg han chfi cdch day va hpc dfi xuat phuong phap day hpc tir Han Viet hifiu qua hon, DOI TUrONG VA P H A M VI N G H I E N ClTU 2.1 Doi tirang nghiin cuu meo lugl Khdi mem va dac difim ciia to Han Viet; vdn dfi chli thich va ma rong tu Han Viet SGK NgiJ van ldp 8, cac PPGD td Han Vicl cia GV, kha nang hieu va sir dung tir Han Viet ciia HS Idp 82.2 Pham vi nghiin cdu - Tit Han Vifit bo SGK Ngij van ldp 8, NXB Giao due, nam 2014 - Nghifin cuu lai trudng hoc, thdng qua phifiu difiu tra doi vdi HS idp va GV day Ngif van tai Trudng THCS Lfi Quy Don huyfin Krong Nang tinh Ddk Lak PHU^ONG PH.AP NGHIEN CLTU - Phuang phap tiep can van ban, Tim hifiu ca sd li luan cd lien quan dfin dfi tai nhu khai nifim, dac diem, nguon goe hinh tir Han Vifit Tifip can cac van ban co tu Han Viet (rong SGK Ngif van Idp - Phuong phdp thong kfi- Thdng kfi tir ngif Han Vifit SGK Ngu van (h6ng _ kfi cac PPGD tu Han Vifii ma GV da su dung, tir nit nhan xet ban dau, - Phircmg phap difiu tra Difiu ira vfi phuong phap tifip can, hoc tap va giang day lu Han Vifit SGK Ngu \'an Idp tai tnrdng THCS Le Quy Don - Phuong phap phdn tich, khai quai Phan lich kha nang sir dung Ur Han Vifit cua HS PPGD tu Han Viei cQa GV, tu dfi xula cac PPGD va hoc tap rir Han Vicl hicu qua hon NOl DUNG 4.1 Khdi niim vd dac diim ciia lir Hdn Viet I CN Khoa Supham Truang Dai hoc Tdy Nguven Tdc gtd hen h4 Tran Thanh H,n.4n DT 0988337485, Email Inn cmhanliSOO'-a ^ ahoo cnn Tapchi so 18, thang 6-2016, trudng Dai hoc Tay Nguyfin 4.1 Khdi niem Vfi thudt ngii tu Han Viet, Hi trude dfin nay, cac nha nghifin eihi ngon ngif hpc da dua nhifiu dinh oghia khac Cdc dinh nghia ndy co nhiing difim giong vd khde Theo ehiing tdi, dinh nghia vfi tit Han Viet ctia tac gia Nguyen Van Khang id chinh xac vd day dli han ca, Theo dd, "Tit Hdn Viet Id tit muan cua lieng Hdn, duac doc bdng cdch dgc Hdn Viet, viet bdng chir quoc ngir Cdch dgc Hdn Viet la he thong cdch dgc cua ngirai Viet doi vai chii Hdn, dupc xdy dirng n-en ca sd ngU dm tting Hdn thai trung dai (khodng ihi ky thic VII) " [5, tr,50] Nhu vdy, tir Han Viet Id tir vung su dung lieng Viet bdt nguon tir tifing Han nhimg dpe theo dm \^fit Dong hdnh vdi sir ddi cua chii qudc ngif, tu Hdn Viet dupc ghi bdng k^ tu La-tinh ISSN 1859-4611 Hdn ydi mdt yfiu td thudn Vi^X, da s6 3? kifin d&i cho rdng dd la tir thudn Viet hodc tu cd chua y&i (6 Han Viet, nhu binh linh, doi khd, sung trudng c Dgc dtem ngir nghfa Tir Hdn Viet mang nghia tniu tupng, khai quit, da sd dling dfi chi cac khai nifim thude lmh vyc triet hpe, lich su, van bpc, Vi dy: TiJ ^ linh (chif vifit gdm bp mi (g^o) chi J vi chli (mau xanh) chi Sm) cd nghia cy th^ Id ggo dd dupc gid Irdng Vfi sau tu bifin c h u y ^ nghia theo phuong thuc m d rpng n ^ i a nen mang nghia triru tupng chi cdi cot loi quy gid nhdt d Dgc diem phong cdch Tit Hdn Viet thudng phii hpp vdi phong cdch giao tifip Iich sy, mang sdc thdi trang trpng, ch kinh, tao nha 4.1.2 Dgc diem Vi du: a Ddc diem ngii dm Do dac difim ngif dm ciia tifing Han Trung c6 thfi ky VIII,^ IX khong that su tuong iing ca vfi Iupng vd chdt vdi he thdng ngu am tifing Viet thdi ky ay nfin bi Vifit hoa, no vdn dfi lai nhiing ddu an ngoai Iai nhdt dinh vfi mat ngif dm each dpc am Han Vifil Chdng han, each doc am Hdn Viet khong cd phu ara ddu /y/ (g/ gh) va IT^ (r) b Dgc diem ngii phdp Sac thai ciia hai tii phu nhdn va vp" thi tli phu nhdn mang nghia trang trpng, lich sy, cbnt^v^ mang phong each sinh hoat hdng ngdy - Chii lich mrac Tnrcmg Tdn Sang ciing phu nhdn t&i thdm vd ldm viec tgi linh Ddng Nai - Chi dy Id vgr cua anh Hai toi 4.2 Thurc trang day vd hgc tir Han Vift nhd trudng Dfi ldi khao sat vfi PPGD tir Han Vifit ciia GV nhdm tim hifiu cac PPGD tii Han Vifit nhd tnrdng hipn nay, dong thdi difiu tra vfi thvc tr^ng hifiu vd sir dung tir Hdn Vifit ciia HS kh6i ldp tai trudng THt^S Lfi Quy Don, huyfin Krong Ndng thong qua phifiu difiu tra Sd phifiu dihi tra HS: 120 phifiu, s6 phifiu difiu tra GV: 05 phifiu T6ng s i cdu hdi trfin mSi phifiu: 30 cau, Kfit qud nhu sau: Bang 4.2.1 Ket qua t r a Idi cua HS Ve phuong dien cau tap tir, tu ghep chinh - phy Han Vifit co 16 phy diing tiudc, 16 chinh dling sau (trong tir ghep chinh - phu thudn Viet thi nguoc lai); tir ghep ddng lap Hdn Viet cd vi tri ciia cdc thdnh 16 cdu tao hau nhu c6 dinh, nhifiu yfiu td CO khd nang sdn sinh tu rdt ldo, nhu: nhdn si gid, vien Tuy nhifin, nhirag tir ghep giiia mot yfiu t6 So lu^rt HS khong tra Idi SoItrgtHS thamgia tra loi 09 8-16 17-23 02 838 1-7 24-30 So liryt tra Idi d n g So Iir^t t r i IM sai LiTfft % Liryt % 831 742 89.3 89 10,7 09 1071 419 39,1 652 60,9 05 835 461 55.2 374 44,8 560 66,8 278 33,2 gia tra ldi cac nhom cdu hoi rdt cao, nhifin s6 luot tra ldi dling la kha thdp Thdp nhdt la nhdm cau ho thir ha, (cau - 16) vdi 39.1% luot trd ldi dung Cac cau hoi dugc phan theo nhom dfi danh gia kha nang Hep nhan tu Hdn Viet ciia HS Nhom V khd nang nhan difin tir Han Viet (cdu I - 7) Nhdm cau hdi ndy yeu citu HS gjich chdn dudi cac tu/yfiu td Han Vifit d o ^ tho/v8n cho sdn vd tun cdc tir Han Vifit cd chita cdc y ^ to: quoc san thtrc ihien S6 lupt trd ldi diing d^t 89.3%, chimg to phdn Ion HS dd bifit nhdn di§n hi Han Vifit Nhifng HS trd ldi sai Id cdc em c h ^ ludn cd cau van, cdu tho cd chua tu Hdn Vi?t, tdfc T»p chi so 18, thdng 6-2016, trudng Dai hpc Tdy Nguyen Id chua phdn biet duac tii Hdn Viet vdi cdu/cum tir chua tir/yeu to Han Viet Mdt sd em tra ldi sai cdc em liet kfi cd nhihig tir khdng phdi la tii Han Viet Thay vap dd, cac em tun ca nhiing tu ^ e p giiia yeu td Hdn Viet vd yfiu t6 thudn Viet, nhu: san ntrac, tranh san ddu cd thirc mai virc dirpc dgo Tham chi, nhieu em cpn vifit sai chinh td, dan dfin sai tu, nhu: Ihien xu, thien lieng, thien lien Dang chii y Id khong cd HS ndo tim yfiu to Han Vifit Nhu vdy, nhifiu HS hoac khong chii y, hoac khdng hifiu thfi nao Id yfiu t6 Han Viet, hodc cho rdng tu vd yeu td la nhu Mot s6 it HS khong phan biet dupc tir Han Viet vd tu thudn Vifit, khong phdn biet dupc tir vd cum tii bay cdu Nhdm 2: kha nang gidi nghta tii Han Vifit (cdu - ) Co ba mii-c khac dfi ddnh gia M i e dg I: chpn dap dn diing nhdt (can 8-10) Muc dp • n6i p chiia tir Han Viet vdi d gidi thich nghTa ehinh xdc (cau 11-13) M r c (foi.-tun nghia ciia cac yfiu to Hdn Vifit nhdm tu Hdn Viet eho sdn (cau 14-16) Mirc dp co 255/354 (chifim 72%) lugt HS chpn dling ddp dn cho khdi niem dupc neu, spng, d cdu cd tdi 55,9% HS hifiu khong ddy dii ve khdi nifim "tdm can" Nhihig HS ndy chi hifiu dugc nghia den: "tam can" tiic Id "tim gan" md khon^ hieu dupc nghTa chuyfin ciia tir Han Viet ndy, mvic dp 2, ti Ifi HS tra ldi ddng rdt thdp, chi chiem 15,6% Nhifng rtr Hdn Vifit dua dfiu co chung net nghTa nao do, vdy nen kfit qua tren cho thay HS khdng phdn bipt dugc nghTa cua cdc tir g ^ dm, gdn nghTa Cy thfi Id cac nhom tir: irpng yeu, trpng diem, quan trpng, chti trgng, cao, Ihanh nha bgch tinh; hiin triit chi nhdn Cf muc dp 3, co tdi hem 80% s6 HS khong biet nghTa cua yfiu td Han Viet lgc va kim cac nh6m tu: hen lgc mgch lgc va kim c6, kim ihien, kim nien Nhu vdy, nhom co kfit qud tra ldi diing rat thdp (39.1%) Kfit qud cho ta thdy kha nang gidi nghia tu Hdn Viet cua HS chua cao Nhifiu tu Hdn Vifit thdng dung nhung HS khong ndm ro nghia md chi hifiu dai khdi Nhdm 3: khd ndng hieu vd su dyng tir Hdn Viet (cdu 17 - 23) HS tifin hdnh dat cau vd lim tir thudn Vifit tuong duong voi tu Han Viet eho sdn Cau hdi so 17, 18, 19 yeu cdu HS ddt edu vdi 03 tu Han Vifit: danh dtr hdnh Irinh, chung ktin Co 360 lugt HS ddt cdu vdl ca 03 tu nhung chi cd mot hoac hai cdu dung 30% HS ddt cau sai vdi tir hdnh trinh 20,8% d | t cdu sai vdi tii chimg kiin, 18,3% ddt cdu sai vdi tir danh du Vi dy: - Em rdi danh d^r vi lap hgc cua minh (HS Idp 8D) - Hgc lgp Id mpt hdnh trinh ddi (HS lap 8D) ISSN 1859-4611 - Mdi ngir&i deu phdi cd chung kien rieng ciia minh (HS l&p 8B) - Chung kien Id chihig kien mdt su viic ndo (HSl&pSB) C6^ 77% lupt HS tham gia trd ldi dap ung dupc yfiu cdu dfi nhung xel mpt each todn difin thi kha nang su dung tu Han Viet dfi dat cau ciia HS yfiu Cac cdu , , 22, 23 yfiu cdu HS tim tu thudn Vifit tuang duong vdi cdc tu Hdn Viet: giang san trdn the, hi vong, minh 70% HS lam dung vdi tir hi vgng (mong chd) Tu bj sai nhifiu nhdt la trdn thi, vdi 82,5% Cdc em da liel kfi cac tu Han Viet tuong duang nhu: the gian trdn gian, dirang gian, dap an diing la cac tu thudn Viet nhu: coi d&i, coi Iran Nhom 4: khd nang-phan bifit tu Han Viet ddng dm, gdn dm, gdn nghia (cau 24-30) Yfiu cdu HS chpn tli thich hgp nhat cho noi dung dugc nfiu Kfit qua Id nhifiu HS chua ddp iing dupe yfiu cdu Cd tdi 97,5%, HS nham Idn nghia ciia hai tir Han Vifit gia nhdp va thdm nhgp 45,8% HS khong phan bifit dugc nghTa cua cdc tir biphdn phdn chi, phan no, 37,5% HS khdng hifiu nghTa ciia hai tii gia thi vd gia phong Su nhdm ldn la nguyfin nhdn ddn tdi viec ddt cdu sai, dimg tir sai Nhu vdy, uu difira ldn nhdt Id da sd HS da nhdn difin dling tir Han Viet, nhd dupc nhimg tir thong dyng dfi van dung qua trinh hpc tap va giao tiep Tuy nhifin, nhiing han chfi trpng vific dimg tu Hdn Viet ciia HS ciing rdt nhifiu, cu the cd radt s6 vdn de sau: - Nhifiu HS khong phdn bifil dugc "tii" vd "yfiu to"; tir Han Vifit vd tit thudn Viet; tu ghep Han Viet va tu CO yfiu t6 Han Viet - Nhifiu HS vifit sai chinh Id, dan dfin sai tit, nhu: thiinxir, thien heng, thien lien - Nhieu HS dat edu sai su dyng tii ngif khong thich hpp, nhu dimg tir "dugc" khong diing vdi ngu canh: "dupc ehtmg ktin vu tai ngn giao lhdng" "dupc chtrng kiin vu trgm" - Nhifiu HS khong phan bifit duoc nghTa eiia nhiing tir co ehung yfiu tfi Hdn Vifit, nhu* danh du vd vinh du; hdnh trinh qud innh va tien hdnh chung ktin va chinh kien ^ - Nhifiu HS chua bifit phan bifit cdc tir ddng am, gdn dm, gdn nghia Nhifng han chfi trfin co thfi kfi dfin mot s6 nguyen nhan sau: - Nguyfin nhdn khach quan: + Chinh ban thdn tu Han Vifit da ham chiia sy phuc tap, gay kho khan cho ngudi lifip nhdn; Tap chi so IK ihang 6-2016 tRfdng Dai hoc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859j4^l ' Sic thai than mat Phan tich nhirng vi du tren, HS se hicu vi da CO cie tir thuin Viel cimg nghia ma van sii dirng cac tir Hiln Viet d i dat ten Tir do, cac em se c6 y thirc vice lua chon va su dung hai lpp tir mot each phii hop nhit vdi hoan ciinh gian tiip b Tir l,ep nhdn tnrc quaa, cdm linh din phdn lich vd md rong vdn ttr Hdn Vtel DPI VPI HS bac THCS, cac cm dang phat h-iio hoan thien dan vc miit thi chat eiing nhu kha nang nhan thitc Dp vay, vice hpe tap d i hiu diing va sir dung dung he thing tir Hiin Vict phai dupc bit dau tir true quan, cam tinh, sau dp nang din len toi nhihig nhan thiJc suy luan logic, ii tinh , Chang han, GV chi cho HS thiy ro hicn nrpng diing am ning Han lii rit nhiiu, sau dp liy vi du chirng minh Vi du Phan biet nghia cua yeu t i "thap" trpng cac cau tho sau: Tap chi sd 18, thdng 6-2016, frudng Dai hpc Tdy Nguyen Ta biei ta chua te cd mudn lodi Giua chdn thdo hoa khong ten khdng tudi {Nha rimg - Thfi Lu, SGK Ngu vdn 8, tap 2) Hoa tay thdo nhihig net Nhu phuang miia rdng bay (Ong d6 - Vii Dmh Lifin, SGK Ngu van 8, tap 2) ^ Yfiu to ^Ihao" ea hai cau tho la yfiu td dong am GV hudng ddn HS xdc dinh nghia cua chiing bang each dua vao ngu cdnh Trong vi du a, thdo CO, vi du b, thdo: vifit nhanh, rapt thfi vifit chir Han rat khd dpc, tir loai chii ndy, raon nghe thual yiet thu phap duoc hmh thdnh Sau do, GV yfiu cdu HS liet ke, so sanh ddi chifiu, giai thich y nghia vd neu bat su khde bifit v'e nghia giua nhirag tir Han Viet dong am "thdo", tit dd md rdng v6n tu bang each tao nhiJng tir Han Viet cd ehua yfiu to "thao" GV cdn hudng d i n thfim cho HS tim va phan bifit nghia vdi tir ddng am thudn Vifit, chdng han: thdo cau: "Co dy ihdo that ddy" Nhiing yfiu cdu ndy se giup HS ndm duoc kifin thuc Ii thuyet, bifit phdn bifit nghTa cua nhimg tir dong am, khac nghia va van dung tir ngu vdo hodn canh giao tifip phii hpp cung nhu dat cau, vifit doan 5.2 SO- dung vd lich luy tu-Hdn Viel cho HS a Gidi nghTa tir Hdn Viet Ngodi mpt so phuang phap gidi nghia ma GV cua tnrdng THCS Lfi Quy Don da dp dung d trfin, can dp dung mot so phuong phap giai nghTa khac, nhu: gtdi nghTa bang tir nguyen hoc, bdng 16i so sanh tu dong nghia, giin nghia hoac trai nghTa Tiiy vao moi bai hoc, m6i ngu canh ma GV lira chpn hinh thtic gidi righia phii hop, hoac c6 thfi cimg liic kfit hap nhifiu phuong phdp GV cdn cu thfi hoa han nira nghia ciia tu ngii bdng bdng he th6ng Iranh dnh, vdt thai, bang cdc vi du rainh hoa gdn gui, quen thupc vdi HS, d6rig thdi sii dung them phuong phap giai nghia tu bdng difin tich, difin e d Dieu ndy se giiip HS thii va khde sdu hon kifin thlic da hoc Vi du: Trong bai Binh Ngd dgi cdo, Nguyen Trdi vifilXd tdc dichi dten an Giang san dJchi cdi qudn (Xa lac tir ddy vimg bin Giang san tu ddy ddi mai) De giai nghia tir Han Vifit "xa tic", trude hfit, GV giai Uiich nghia chinh xac cua tir ndy td diing dfi chi ddt nudc va nhimg gi ihuoc chii quyfin cua dat nudc Sau GV xac dinh day la mpt difin cfi van hoc yd kfi cau chuyen hfin quan Dan Xa la ddn Ifi than Dal va dan Tdc la dan tfi thdn Liia, hai 77 ISSN 1859-4611 vi than coi soc hai thu cdn thifit smh hoat cua ngudi Dan Xa vd dan Tdc la nai thd ciing thieng lifing ciia mot tnfiu dai, co su thay ddi trieu d^i thi xa tac cung ddi d6i Cho nfin xua gpi quoc gia la "xa tdc" b Phdl huy tich cue linh chii dong ciia HS -M& rgng vdn lir Hdn Viet, day id phuong phap tao lap tir Han Viet dua tren cdc yfiu 16 Hdn Viet co kha nang san sinh tir manh Difiu se giup HS thay duoc su da dang ciia vdn tu Han Viet, d6ng thdi tdng kha nang giao tifip ciia cdc era Vi du: Dua yfiu Id Han Viet "thdnh" vdi nghTa la "xong, da xong" Yfiu cdu HS tao lap tii Han Viet vdi yfiu to ndy va gidi thich nghTa cua nhiing tir - Dgt cdu, viil dogn: da tao lap dupe tir ghep Han Vifit, GV cdn hudng ddn HS dat edu vdi nhimg tir Sau ddt cau diing, GV hudng ddn HS viet doan, tiic Id hudng HS dfin hoat dpng giao tiep GV cdn tao cdc tinh hu6ng giao tifip, hoan eanh giao tifip khac nhdra giiip cdc era CO difiu kifin phat huy tinh ehu dpng, nang dpng eiia rainh Nhu vdy, HS cdng hifiu them vfi gia tri phong cdch cua tii Han Viet vd su dung diing vdi ngu cdnh giao tifip - Lap So tay tir Hdn Viit trinh bay mpt each khoa hpe cac tu Han Vifit theo thii tu bang chir cai A, B, C Vdl m5itir, edn ghi chinh xac net nghia vd lay vi du minh htja (tho, van) Lau ddn, moi HS se^ CO mpt cuon tu difin Han Viet cua chinh rainh lap nen, rat thudn tien cho vific tra cihi tir cdn dfin c, Mgl so meo ludt nhdn biil lir Hdn Viet - Vi dieu hot, ngd Chiing la can dp dung meo luat ciia tae gia Nguyen Tai Can cdu: Minh nen nha viit Id ddu ngd [6, tr433], co nghTa la cdc tifing tu Han Viet co am ddu la cac phu dm: M, N, NH, V, L, p , NG dfiu CO difiu ngd (trtr ngoai lfi nhat Id ngdi ngdi cuu) Cac tir Hdn Viet khong co phu am ddu dfiu co cac ngang hdi, sdc Rieng eac trudng hap ngoai lfi, tac gia Phan Ngpc da vifit mot bai tho theo tmyfin thong Nhdl thtin tu dfi xdc dinh xem no co thupe trudng hop ngoai Ie hay khang, nfiu khong thupc thi nhirng tir chdc chdn vifit dau hoi [6, tr435] AT tai, bai bd, bl den Hiru baD,phdu mo, tTnh yfin, ciru hom Tlin dua, ttiu diet, trdm vua 7>rtrfi, tni cat, huyen mfi, hS ciing Hon loan, ham hai, dang buong Qudn khon, hiiu co, dang dudng ihfinh thang Tapchi so 18, thang 6-2016, Uudng Dai hoc Tdy Nguyfin Xd xa, hodn chdm, quy ruong Suyen suyen, quy gidu, tien ten, lien lam Hiru phdl, cudng ep, n f c h i m Tudn chfit, ATJ hdt, di em, sT tro - Mgt sd meo ludt khde Nfiu rapt chu- co nghTa nhung khong hoat dpng Iam tu duoc ma chi Idm thdnh mpt bo phdn ciia tir thi la yfiu to Hdn Viet Vi du: Nhdn Id ngudi, mdu la me nhimg eac yfiu to nhdn, mdu khong bao gid dling rapt rainh cdu tao tit hay cau, chang ban, noi: tdi la ngu&i Viet Nam, khong noi: tdi la nhdn Viet Nam, noi: me em rdt nhdn hau, khong the noi mdu em rat nhdn hdu Vdy, nhdn, mdu la nhimg yfiu to Han Viet Nfiu them vdo trudc hodc sau cac yfiu to ma la cdn xet mol cac chii sau thi Id yfiu tfi Hdn Viet: nhdt hihi, vd nhdn ddn, bdt Vi du: Ich la yfiu to Hdn \^et vi ta cd: huu ich Cdng la yfiu to Han Vifil vi ta co: vo cdng nhdn cdng, bdt cdng 5.3 TS chu-c trd chai gidng dgy tir Hdn Viet - Tim lir cimg chti de GV chia ldp bon doi, sau dua bdn chli dfi khde nhau, HS cac doi se thay Ifin bang dfi ghi tir ma dpi minh tim dupc theo chii dfi md thdy co da giao, dpi nao ghi diing vd nhifiu thi dpi do^ sfi thdng, Yfiu cdu cua tro choi Id nhiing tir (yfiu td) ttm dupc phai la tir (yfiu id) Han Vifit Vi dy: Chti dfi qufi huang, ldng xom: c6 huang, ly huang tha phuang cdu thuc cd li khuli huang than, hodn huang, hdi hucmg, - Not cgt GV treo bon bang phu, moi bdng gfim hai cot: mpt cpt la tir Han Viet, mot cot Id nghTa ciia chting, Sau do, HS ctia bon dpi se len nfii cac tir Han Vifit vdi nghia thich hop Dpi nao n6i duac nhifiu tu dling, dfii sfi ddnh chifin thdng GV cdn quy dinh thdi gian cho cac doi thuc hien 5.4 Ghi nhd tir Hdn Vi^t qua cdch chiit tu Chifit tu !a phan tach mot chir Nho lara nhifiu thdnh phdn, giai thich y nghTa ciia radi thdnh phdn, sau ciing la giai thich y nghTa ciia todn chu Vidu Khi day bai: "Tnrang gtd hoc ldm sang' (ldp 8), GV phdi giai thich cho HS hifiu nghTa ciia tir "kich" vd thfi loai "kich", Kieh la thfi loai xdy dung nhieu man thudn, xung dot va giai quyfit nhimg mau thudn, xung dot Dfi giup HS ITnh hfii nhanh y nay, GV co thfi van dung vific chifit tu chu "kich" dfi minh hoa cu thfi nhu sau: Kichm duoc kfit lai lir ba bo chir !^hd (vdn ho) + ^ihi (con Ion) + 73dao (con dao) Ba bp chu CO ham y doi khang manh me Ngudi 78 ISSN 1859-4611 xua vifil chir kichM da mac nhien cdng nhfin nd ham chira nhifiu mau thudn, doi khang Nhu vay, H S se hifiu nghia ciia tir "kich" PPGD ndy la rapt each gan lifin chii vdi nghia Tdt nhien, phuong phap ddi hdi GV phdi bifit chi> Han va phai danh nhieu thoi gian tim hifiu each cbiet ttr cae chir Han thi mdi cd the gidng cho HS hieu dupc Dieu khdng phai la dfi nhtmg cung khdng qua kho de thuc hifin, nhdt Id mpt so trudng hpp, GV cdn phdi van dung kifin thiic vl chifit tu chii Han thi mdi cd thfi gidi thich td Han Viet ro rang, chinh xac duac Tom iai, co nhieu PPGD tir Hdn Viet trudng phd thong Tiiy vao mdi bai hpc cu thfi, GV cdn linh dong chpn mpt hay ket hpp nhifiu PPGD de dat hifiu qua cao nhat GV khong nen chi huong ddn HS Idm himg bai tap theo thii tu SGK md can phdn Ioai cac bdi tap dd theo nhfim vdi nhifim Vll va muc dich chung, Dong thdi, GV cdn gitip HS phat huy thai dp tich cue hoc tap vd khd ndng bifiu dat, kha naiig sang lao cua cac em Ngodi ra, nhd trudng ciing can quan tam hon nua dfin Iupng sdch tham khao vfi tu Han Vifit nham giiip vifc gidng d#y vd truyfin thu kifin thiic dfi dang han, HS tifip thu bdi hifiu qua han va khde sdu dupc vdn dfi, hinh thdnh duoc phuang phdp, thao tac gidi nghia tir Hdn \^fit KET L U ^ N Tli Han Viet Id mfit bd phan quan trpng hfi thpng tit vung tifing Vifit, bao gfim cd giao tiep ciing nhu ngfin ngii van hpc Tir Han Viet SGK Ngu vdn Idp xudt hien vdi sd Iupng ldn, chii yfiu Id tir da dm t i k Cdc tli Han Viet dupc ehu thfch ro nghia, de hieu vd ngdn gpn Tuy nhifin, cd rdt nhifiu tir Hdn Vifit mang nghia tnjru tuong, khd hifiu nhung khong dupc chu gidi Theo khao sat, da s6 HS chua bifil nhdn difin vd sii dung diing tu (yfiu td) Hdn \^fit Difiu ndy co nhifiu nguyfin nhdn, cd chu quan \h\ khach quan, song, difiu cdt loi Id phuang phdp day va hpc chua phii hop Vdn dfi chinh la phdi day cho HS cdch hoc, phuong phap hifiu nghia va sir dung tli ngir chinh xdc Dfi tdi da dua mdt s6 PPGD hi Hdn Vi?t SGK Ngu van ldp ndi rifing, chuang trinh Ngir van THCS noi chung, nhu phuong phdp gidi nghia tir bang nhifiu hinh thuc khac nhau, phuong phdp m d rpng vdn ni, dung meo ludt dfi nhdn bifit tir Hdn Vifit, phuang phdp hoc tap kfit hpp tro choi ve tu Han Viet, Nhung phuang phdp ndy sS gop phan n a n g c a o ky ndng hieu vd dung tir Hdn Vifit ciia HS Dong thoi, xin kifin nghi tfin cac cdp ldnh dao ngdnh gido due vfi vific bo sung thfim tti dien vd sdch tham khdo lifin quan dfin tii Han Vi^t cho cac Irudng phfi thdng Tap chi s6 18, ihang 6-2016, tmong Bai hoe Tay Nguyen ]SSN 1859^611 SOME SINO - VIETNAMESE VOCABULARY TEACHING METHODS IN THE 8" GRADE LITERATURE TEXTBOOK TVan Thaoh Huyen^ Received Dale: 24/11/2015; Revised Dale: 03/02/2016; Accepted for Publication: 08/4/2016 SUMMARY Strip-Vietnamese accpunt fpr a large number in Vielnamese vpeahulary system and are pften used m a tpimal elegant manner In the pnmary highsehppl Icxtbopk system m general, and in 8th grade lextbppk in particular, Smp-Vielnamesc vpeahulary classes appear very pften and play an impprtanl rplp in the leiimmg process pf pupds Therefprc, by equipping pupils with basic knowledge abput Sinp-Vielnamese will enable Ihem understand the meaning ofthe Smo-Vietnamese m lessons, in Blerature works and m daily speech They will enhance the ability use language as well as conliibule mamlaining the ^fl'y "f Vielnamese language Teachers need lo pften find and apply mpre effective leaching melhpds pf Smp-Vietnamese Beside the traditional leaching mediods, it is neccesary to employ many different meihods such as using pictures, real materials fpr vpeahulary cxplainanon, lp guide pupils lp use Ihe deducuve methpd and Ups pr rules fpr recpgnizing the coirecl use of Sinp-Vielnamese, Keywords: Sino- Vielnamese words Vielnamese vocabulary, lexical meaning, meihods, lips law TAI LIEU THAM KHAO njp Duy Anh (2010) Hdn Viei li, diin NXB Van htia thong dn Ha Npi, Bp Giap due va Dap lap (2014) Ngir vdn lap 1.2 NXB Giao due Ha Npi Nguyen Tai Can (2000) Ngudn goe vd qud n-inh hinh Ihdnh cdch doc Hdn Viet NXB DHQG, Ha Npi, NguySn Van Khang (2011) He lhdng ktin thdc tting Viet Irong nhd Irudng NXB Giap due Ha Npi, Nguyen Cpng Ly (2011) Gidi Ihich lir ngi Hdn Kel Irong sdch gtdo khoa Irung hoc co sd Idol NXB Giap due Ha Npi ' Phan Ngpc (2000) Mep giai nghia tir Han Viet va ehtia 16i chinh ta, NXB Thanh nien Ha Npi Bang Diic Sieu (2006) Day va hpc til Han Viet p mrpng ph6 dipng NXB Giap dpc Ha Npi 8A Facuin of Pedagogy-, Tay-Nguven Universay Corresponding author Tran Thanh Huyen Phone 09SS357185 Emad hayealhanhm@,ahoo.com v ... tra loi 09 8- 16 17-23 02 83 8 1-7 24-30 So liryt tra Idi d n g So Iir^t t r i IM sai LiTfft % Liryt % 83 1 742 89 .3 89 10,7 09 1071 419 39,1 652 60,9 05 83 5 461 55.2 374 44 ,8 560 66 ,8 2 78 33,2 gia... sai vdi tii chimg kiin, 18, 3% ddt cdu sai vdi tir danh du Vi dy: - Em rdi danh d^r vi lap hgc cua minh (HS Idp 8D) - Hgc lgp Id mpt hdnh trinh ddi (HS lap 8D) ISSN 185 9-4611 - Mdi ngir&i deu... cho cac Irudng phfi thdng Tap chi s6 18, ihang 6-2016, tmong Bai hoe Tay Nguyen ]SSN 185 9^611 SOME SINO - VIETNAMESE VOCABULARY TEACHING METHODS IN THE 8" GRADE LITERATURE TEXTBOOK TVan Thaoh