TAP CHI KHOA HQC BAI HOC DONG NAI, S6 01 2016 ISSN 2354 1482 NH&NG THACH THlTC TRONG DAY HOC TICH HOfP VA QUAN LY D4 Y HQC TiCH HOP 6 TRlTCflVG PHO THONG HIEN NAY TS Tr4n Thanh Nguyen'''' TOMTAT Day hge[.]
TAP CHI KHOA HQC - BAI HOC DONG NAI, S6 01 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 NH&NG THACH THlTC TRONG DAY HOC TICH HOfP VA QUAN LY D4.Y HQC TiCH HOP TRlTCflVG PHO THONG HIEN NAY TS Tr4n Thanh Nguyen' TOMTAT Day hge tieh hap Id mpt Pong nhirng quan diem gido due da Pa thdnh xu thi Pong viee xdc dinh npi dung dgy hgc nhd tru&ng thong vd Pong xdy dung chuang trinh mon hgc & nhiiu nu&c trin thi giai Quan diim tich hap duac xdy dung trin ca sa nhitng quan niem tieh cue vi qud trinh hgc tgp vd qud trinh dgy hgc Dgy hgc tich hgp se giup phdt trien nhirng ndng luc gidi quyit nhung vdn di phirc tgp vd ldm eho viee hge tap tra nen y nghia han ddi v&i ngu&i hgc so v&i viec cdc mon h ede mat gido due duac thuc hiin riing re Tich hgp Id mpt nhitng quan diim gido due nhdm ndng cao ndng l\ec cua ngu&i hgc, giup ddo tao nhirng ngu&i cd duphdm chat vd ndng luc di gidi quyet cdc vdn de cita cugc sdng hien dgi Viec ndy dang ddt nhiiu thdch thuc doi v&i cdng tdc dgy hgc vd qudn ly dgy hgc & tru&n phd thdng hien Tir khoa: tich hap, thdch thuc, day hgc, qudn ly dgy hgc f>at van de Dgy hgc, vg bdn chdt md ndi, la mdt qua trinh khoi ggi hiing thu, dgng CO va kinh nghigm cd sdn d ngudi hge chii khdng phdi la sy truyen dgt m^t chigu kien thiie cua ngudi dgy Do dd, viec xdc dinh mgt phuar^ thiic day hgc lam kim chi nam dinh hudng eho phuong phap, each thiic td chiic cdc hogt dgng nhdm phat huy tinh tich cue, chu ddng, sdng tao ciia ngudi hgc la dudng diing ddn nhat de ndng cao chat lugng Theo y nghia do, day hgc tich hgp (don mdn, lien mdn, xuygn mon va chu dk ddi sdng) vdi mue tieu phat tri^n ndng lyc ngudi hgc, giiip ngudi hgc bigt huy ddng tdng hgp kien thiic, ky nang thudc nhieu lihh vuc khdc nham gidi quygt cdc van de hgc tap vd eude sdng da trd thdnh xu hudng tdt ygu dang dat nhi^u thaeh thiic ddi vdi 'Tru6ng Can bo Quto ly Gido due Tp.HCM cdng tdc day hgc va qudn ly day hgc d trudng thdng hien Ve day hgc tich hop, lien mon 2.1 Kkdi niim day kgc tick kgp, liin mdn Tich hap theo nghia ehung nhat Id "lap rdp, ndi kgt cdc thdnh phan ciia mgt he thdng theo quan diem tgo ngn mdt h6 thdng toan bd" [1, tr.981] Trong hogt dgng day hge, tich hgp la "hanh dgng lign kgt cdc ddi tugng nghign ciiu, giang day, hgc t^p cua cimg mdt linh vyc ho^c vdi linh vuc khdc eiing mdt kg hogeh gidng day" [2, tr.383] Day hgc tich hap la "dmh hudng dgy hge giiip hgc smh phat trign khd nang huy ddng tdng hgp kien thuc, ky nang, thudc nhieu linh vuc khac dg giai quyet cd hieu qua cac vdn d^ hge tap va cugc sdng, duge TAP c m KHOA HQC - DAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 01 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 Vg CO che hoat ddng cua ndo bd, moi tg bao thdn kinh cd khoang vdi ngan mdi lien ket vdi nhiing te bdo thdn kinh khdc Khi xii ly mdt thdng tin, nhiing te bdo than kinh sg duge kieh hoat cimg liic, ddi hdi sy phdi hgp hdnh ddng nhanh ehdng cua nhieu viing nao bd truy xuat tat cd nhiing kinh nghiem vd kgt noi nhieu tri thiic cd lign quan dg gidi quyet van de dat Trong thyc tiln, d thdi dgi biing n6 thdng tin ngdy nay, qua trinh toan edu hda dang dien nhanh chdng, manh me, cac vdn dd cua cugc sdng khdng thg chi gidi quygt b ^ g tri tinic ciia mgt ngdnh hgc, ddn den viee day hgc mgt kign thiic dd vugt ngodi pham vi cua mdt mdn hgc Ngay nhd trudng, ygu cdu cua vigc ddi mdi phuong phap day hgc, ddi mdi kigm tra danh gid hien cung ddi hdi ngudi hge phai biet van dung kign thiic tir nhidu lihh vuc dg giai quyet dugc cdc tinh hudng ddt nhiing bdi cdnh cy thg cd lien quan dgn ddi sdng, thdng qua dd gop phdn hinh vd phat trign ndng lyc ngudi hge tiiyc hien qua trinh linh hdi tri thiic vd ren Iuyen ky nang; phdt trign dugc nhiing nang luc clui thiet, nhat Id nang luc gidi quyet van de" [3, tr.5] Bdi hgc tich hap, lien mdn Id "bai hgc dugc xay dung tren co sd ndi dung chu yeu cua mdt mdn hgc vd bd sung nhung kign thiic lign quan den edc mdn hgekhac"[4,y.I00] Chu de tich hap, lien mdn Id "chu dg day hgc dugc xay dyng trgn ca sd tdch nhiing kien thiic cd lign quan khdi cdc mdn hge, xay dung ehii de lien mdn de td chiic day hge rieng" [5, ti-.IOO] Nhu vay, day hge tich hgp, lien mdn la mdt quan diem, mgt phuong tiuic dinh hudng dgy hgc, d dd ngudi day phai tich hgp cac kign thirc, ky nang thude nhigu linh vye bdi dgy hogc chii dg dgy hgc va td ehiie eho ngudi hge bigt huy d^ng tdng hgp kiSn thiie, ky nang thudc nhigu Hnh vyc khae nhdm giai quyet cdc vdn dg hgc tdp vd eude sdng 2.2 Tinh tat yeu cua dgy hge tick keep, liin mdn Trong the gidi khdch quan eua chiing ta, mgi su vat hien tugng bigu hien su tdn tgi thdng qua sy van dgng, sy tae ddng qua lai ldn Chiing ludn ed mdi lien he vdi hoae bgn trong, hogc ben ngodi, hodc chu ygu, hoac thli yeu va khdng phu thuoc vdo y chi chil quan cua ngudi Do vay, xem xet bdt ky mgt sy vat, hien tugng nao eung phdi dgt nd mdi lien he vdi nhirng su vdt, hien tugng khdc Dgy hgc tieh hgp, lien mdn ciing gdp phan khdc phuc nhung hgn chg, bdt cdp ngi dung chuang trinh vd phuong phap day hge thdi gian qua Viec van dung kien thiic lien mdn, tich hgp vdi cae ehu dg tir thye td ddi sdng giiip eho ngi dung day hge khdng cdn tinh hdn lam, khd ciing, rdi rgc Chinh ngudi hgc se phai van dung nhieu kien thiie da ed, lign he vdi thyc tiln, xem xet van dg nhieu mdi lien he mgt each toan dien, theo hudng ddng, hudng md dg gidi quygt cac nhiem vy hgc tap 14 TAP CHI KHOA HQC - BAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 01 - 2016 gdn vdi tinh hudng cu thg, qua dd hinh ndng lyc Mat khac, theo quan diem tich hgp, cac kien thiic lien quan se dugc ldng ghep vao bdi hgc hoac ehu dg nen tranh duge sy triing lap khdng edn thiet ve ndi dung giiia cae bai hgc, mdn hgc vd vi vay sd lugng mon hge va thdi lugng hgc tdp se dugc gidm bdt; ddng thdi nhigu kien thiic, ky nang chua cd cdc mdn hgc dugc tich hgp vdo se chuan bi cho ngudi hgc nhiing nang Iuc can thiet de ed the giai quyet tdt cac tinh hudng dat eudc sdng Dd la nhOng ly cho thdy tinh tdt ygu, khach quan va nhiing lgi ieh ciia day hge tieh hgp, lien mdn, ddng thdi ciing chi nhiing thdch thiic dgy hgc vd qudn ly day hgc d trudng phd thdng hien Nhimg thdck thwc dgt day kgc vd qudn ly dqy hgc tick kap, liin mdn Trong chuang trinh giao due phd thdng hien hdnh, chuan kien thiic ky ndng can dat d mdi cap hgc eung hdm chiia cac ngi dung tich hgp, nhung kien thiie lien mdn; nhien chuong trinh dugc thigt kg theo hudng chii trgng viec truygn dat kign thiic, chua dap iing tdt myc tieu "hinh thdnh vd bdi duong nhan each, phdm chat vd ndng lue cua cdng ddn" (Ludt Gido due) Dg khde phuc tinh trgng nay, mdt mat la viec ddi mdi ngi dung chuong trinh theo hudng ehuygn tir tigp can ngi dung sang tigp cdn nang lye; mat khdc la viee dgy hgc phdi chuygn tir ldi tiiiyen thu, dp dat mdt chieu sang day hgc dinh hudng gidi quygt vdn de, dgy hgc theo dinh hudng ISSN 2354-1482 hogt dgng Cd hai dang dat nhiing yeu cdu rat ldn cho ddi ngii nha giao va cdn bd qudn ly giao due d trudng phd thdng hien 3.1 Nhirng yeu eau, tkdch tk^c day hgc tick kap, lien mon Nhu da ndi, han che ldn nhat ciia day hge hien la chii yeu theo phuang phap truygn thy ly thuygt mgt chieu dan den hogt ddng cua hgc sinh phan nhieu la ghi nhd kign thiic rdi rac, khdng van dung dugc vdo gidi quyet cac van de hgc tdp va cugc sdng Day hge tich hgp, lien mdn dat giao vien diing trudc nhung ygu eau, thach thiic phdi thyc hien nhu sau: 3.1.1 Ddi m&i viic thiit ki bdi dgy Lau nay, bai day thudng dugc thiet kd theo dinh hudng ngi dung Cde phuang tien, phuang phdp, hinh thiic, each thiie day hge thg hien trgn giao an (thigt kg bai day) dgu nhdm ldm ro ngi dung chudn kign thiic, ky ndng cdn dat cd sdn tai lieu, sach gido khoa, gido trinh day hgc Mdt bdi dgy tich hgp se phai long ghep, van dung nhieu kien thiic lien mdn, xuygn mdn va ca chu dg ddi sdng thyc tg vdo bai day, dd can phdi to ehiic lai ndi dung gido an eho phu hgp dg cd the vira lam ro dugc kien thiic ky nang can dat vira giiip ngudi hgc gidi quyet dugc cdc tinh hudng thyc tg Viee thay ddi thiet ke bai day keo theo nhigu thay doi khdc qua trinh day hgc 3.1.2 Doi mai phuang phdp dgy hgc TAP CHI KHOA HOC - BAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 01 - 2016 Ddy that sy la mdt thach thiic ddi vdi ddi ngii gido vign Neu tiong dgy hgc dan mdn, gido vign vdn da suf dung cdc phuang phdp vd ky thuat day hgc tich eye de td ehiic cde boat dgng giiip hgc sinh chiem ITnh kien thiie thi day hge tich hgp, lien mdn, cdc hoat ddng phdi hudng hgc sinh vao thyc hdnh va iing dyng kign thiic dg gidi quyet cdc tinh hudng thyc tign nham hinh thdnh ndng luc CJ ddy khdng cdn ldi tiiiygn thu mdt chigu Giao vien phai ehii trgng giao nhigm vu hgc tap cho hge sinh vd khdng ngimg thn kiem cdc hinh thiic, each thiic cho ed thg phdt huy tdi da tinh chii ddng, tich cye, sang tao cua hgc sinh Viec hge rdt linh hoat, CO ddng cd the diln ldp hgc, ngodi trdi, hgc cd nhan, hgc hgp tac, ti-di nghigm sang tgo, Qua trinh day hgc phdi thdt sy chuygn tir hinh tiuic ldy ngudi day ldm trung tdm sang ngudi hgc ldm tnmg tdm 3.1.3 Ddi m&i kiem tra ddnh gid Kiem tra, ddnh gid theo chudn kign thirc, ky ndng hien dd bgc Id nhigu bdt cap, chii yeu Id dinh hudng viec hgc nhdm dap iing thi eii ma he luy cua nd da khdng cho thdy mgt kgt qua thyc chat ma cdn ndy smh nhigu te ngn, tigu eye Kiem tra, ddnh gid ti-ong day hge tieh hgp, lign mdn ben cgnh muc tigu ludng miie dgt chudn chuang trinh (d mdi bai hge, mdn hgc, cdp hgc) cdn chii trgng den viee van dung edc kign tiuic, ky ndng dg gidi quygt cae vdn de thyc tien Do vdy, vi^c xdy dyng dg kiem fra theo ma trdn phdi thigt kg cac cdu hdi cd nhigu lya chgn diing vira dg ISSN 2354-1482 ddnh gid sdt ndng lyc vtra nham khieh le, ddng vien vd dinh hudng miic phdn ddu cua timg hgc sinh sudt qua tirinh hgc tap Cdc ngi dung thyc tg, ky thuat, cdc ygu cdu van dung kien thiie, ky nang d miic cao phai chiem trgng sd ldn edc bai tap thyc hdnh, cdc bdi kiem tra thudng xuyen vd dinh ky 3.2 NkOng yiu ciu, thdch thwc qudn ly dgy hgc tieh kpp, liin mdn Nhung ygu cau, thach thiic day hgc tich hgp, lien mdn ndi tren keo theo nhiing yeu cau, thach thiic ddi vdi cdc nha qudn ly trudng hge, cu thg trgn mdt sd phuong dien sau: 3.2.1 Chi dgo dgy hgc tich hgp, liin mon Ben cgnh viec qudn triet cho dgi ngii higu ro sy cdn thigt, tinh tdt ygu cua day hgc tich hgp, lign mdn, higu trudng cdn chi dgo thyc hign nhiing viee sau: Td chirc bdi duong kign thiic, ky ndng dgy hgc tieh hgp, lien mdn Vigc bdi duong cd thg bdng cdeh h-ao ddi kmh nghiem qua edc budi smh boat chuyen mdn, ty bdi duang qua tim kiem thdng tin trgn mgng hodc chu dgng lien he mdi cdc co sd ddo tgo boi dudng, cdc ehuyen gia den tdp hudn cho giao vign cua truong, Chi dgo ddi mdi sinh hoat td chuyen mdn Cde budi sinh hoat dinh ky cdn tap trung thdi gian cho viec nghign ctiu edc chu dg, bdi day tich hgp - lien mdn va nhirng vdn dg mdi, nhiing van de khd qud trinh thue hien kg TAP c m KHOA HQC - PAI HQC BONG NAI, S6 01 - 2016 hogeh day hge Nhfing hoat ddng mang tinh hdnh ehinh chi nen chigm tdi da Vi thdi lugng sinh boat td Dg ddm bdo dugc dieu nay, cdc thdng tin trao ddi cugc hgp can chuygn trudc qua email diing chung de to vien tham khao va cd y kign phdn hdi trudc cudc hgp - Chi dao, hudng dan td chuygn mdn xay dyng kg hoach day hgc tich hgp, lien mdn va cac chu dg tich hgp, lien mdn Kg hoach day hgc tich hgp, lien mon vd cde chii de tich hgp, Hgn mdn phdi nhdm gdp phan thuc hien myc tieu cua chuang trinh gido dye, phii hgp vdi dieu kien thye te cua nha trudng, cua dia phuang va kha nang hge tdp ciia hgc sinh 3.2.2 Sw dung dpi ngd gido vien hgply Day hgc tich hgp, lign mdn ddi hdi ngudi gido vign phdi cd kign thiic d mdt sd linh vyc, cd khd ndng thigt kg vd td chiic cdc chuyen de tich hgp, cd kha nang thigt ke ede bai tap dy an, Viec dat mgt thach thiic that sy ddi vdi higu trudng viec lua chgn, su dyng gido vign cd du ndng lyc phu hgp; bdi le tinh trgng dgi ngii nhd gido hien duge danh gia chung la dang "thira thigu cue bd", "bit cdp v^ chdt lugng, sd lugng va ca cau" Dd vugt qua thdch thiic ndy, trudc mdt higu trudng can tich eye td chiic bdi dudng cho ddi ngii giao vien cdt can vg cdc ndng lye, ky nang can thigt Dgi ngii edt cdn ndy se ldm ndng cdt dg td chiic sinh boat td/nhdm chuyen mdn, qua ndng cao nang lyc cua timg giao vign Can giao quyen chu dgng vd tao ISSN 2354-1482 dieu kien tiiuan lgi cho cac td, chii y phat hign vd ddng vign kip tiidi cde nhan td tich eye Nhiing giao vien thyc sy dil nang luc sg dugc ddm nhdn them cae chuygn dg va cd ehe ddng vign thda ddng Nhiing gido vien chua du ndng lyc, thigu dinh miie lao dgng bugc phai tu nang cao ndng lyc d^ tham gia gidng day cae chuygn dg Vg ldu ddi, cdn td chiic danh gia, sang lgc lai ddi ngii Iam ca sd dk luu dung vd tuygn dung them nhung gido vign dap utng du ndng lyc 3.2.3 Tdng cu&ng cdc diiu kiin phuc vu day hge tich hop, liin mdn Kinh nghiem cho thdy thdnh cdng ciia bdt cii mgt phong trao ndo ciing dgu phdi cd su eam kgt tir phia nhd ldnh dgo Dgy hge tich hgp, lien mdn ddi hdi su hgp tac eua nhieu td bd mdn, sit dung nhieu phuong tien day hgc, do, rdt can sy hd trg tir lanh dao nha trudng Trong dieu kien cua trudng hge Vigt Nam hien nay, hieu trudng can chii ddng thyc hien mgt sd viee sau: Chu dgng digu chinh, bd tri, sap xgp nhdm nang cao higu qud sur dung CO sd vat chdt, ky thudt hien cd cua nha trudng Thudng xuyen sira chiia, mua sdm bd sung thigt bi dgy hgc tir cac ngudn kinh phi ty chu, tu van d^ng - Khuyen khieh, hd trg kinh phi va tao cdc digu kien thulin lgi khac cho gido vien ty lam thiet bi, dd diing day hgc - Phdt trien ngudn hgc lieu trgn mang de ho trg gido vien va hgc sinh TAP cm KHOA HQC - BAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 01 - 2016 thyc hien cac nhiem vy hge tap dugc giao, nhdt la ddi vdi edc chuygn de dugc trign khai theo cac phuang phap dgy hgc hien dgi nhu; phuang phdp Ban tay nan bgt, phuong phdp dgy hgc theo dy an, phucmg phdp day hgc E-Learning, Trong kg hoach mua sam, sira chfia, sir dung trang thigt hi phuc vu day hge hdng nam phdi xay dyng them ndi dung ve cac digu kign bdo ddm cho kg hogeh day hgc tich hgp, lien mdn cua toan trudng Ket luan Day hgc tich hgp la mdt tiong cac ygu can nhdm phdt trikn kg hoaeh giao dye nha trudng theo dinh hudng phdt trign nang lyc hgc smh Nd kich thich giao vign tii vd khdng ngimg trau ddi kien thiic d nhigu ITnh vuc khdc de cd mdt nen tang kidn thiic sdu, rgng dii ddp ling vdi nhung ddi hdi ISSN 2354-1482 cdng cao cua dgy hgc Nd ldi cuon hgc sinh hfing thii vdi tiet hgc, giiip hgc smh de hidu va hieu sau hon ngi dung bdi hgc, dac biet Id cd nhiing chuyen bien rd ret khd nang van dung kign thuc, ky nang vdo thyc tiln Vi vdy, tir bay gid, eae nhd gido va can bg qudn ly gido due cdn nhanh ehdng tigp cgn vd ndm viing cac "binh thu, ygu luge" cua day hgc hign dgi de ren luy?n minh trd thdnh mOt thu lihh, mgt nhd cdm qudn cd tdi thao luge, bigt xdy dyng edc "chign luge" dgy hgc, bigt trien khai nhiing kg hogeh "tdc chign" nhdm gianh ldy phdn thdng trdn ddu giiia eai eii vd cdi mdi, cai ldi thdi vd lgc hau tren dudng chudn bi mdt ngudn nhan luc du siic xay dyng ddt nude thdi ky ddy manh cdng nghigp hda, hien dgi hda vd hdi nhap qude te TAI L i f u THAM KHAO -Vien Ngdn ngfi hgc (2006), Tit diin tiing Viet, Nxb.Dd Ndng Bui Hign (2001), Tu diin gido due hgc, NXb.Tfi dign Bach khoa, Hd Ndi Bg Gido due vd Dao tgo (2015), Chuang trinh gido dgc thong tdng thi, cdng van sd 3976/BGDDT-BPTTr, ngdy 05/8/2015 Bg Gido dye vd Dao tgo (2015), Mpt sd vdn di ve ddi m&i chuang Pinh vd sdeh gido khoa gido due thdng, Tai lieu tdp hudn Bg Gido due vd Ddo tao (2015), Mot s6 vdn di vi ddi m&i chuang trinh vd sdeh gido khoa gido dgc phd thdng, Tdi ligu tdp hudn TAP c m KHOA HQC - BAI HQC DONG NAI, SO 01 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 THE C H A L L E N G E S OF INTEGRATED TEACHING A N D ITS M A N A G I N G E M E N T A T HIGH SCHOOLS TODAY ABSTRACT Integration - one of the educational points of view - has become the trend of determining teaching content in schools and in building the curriculum in many eounPies around the world Integrated point of view is built on the basis of active conceptions of teaching and learning process It will help develop learners' abilities to solve complicated problems and make learning become more meaningful compared with subjects learnt separately Integration is one of the educational points of view to raise the learners' abilities and help Pain people with full quality and abilities to solve the problems of modern life This has posed many challenges to teaching and teaching managemenl in schools today Keyword: integration, challenge, teaching, teaching management ... nghiem vd kgt noi nhieu tri thiic cd lign quan dg gidi quyet van de dat Trong thyc tiln, d thdi dgi biing n6 thdng tin ngdy nay, qua trinh toan edu hda dang dien nhanh chdng, manh me, cac vdn dd... keep, liin mdn Trong the gidi khdch quan eua chiing ta, mgi su vat hien tugng bigu hien su tdn tgi thdng qua sy van dgng, sy tae ddng qua lai ldn Chiing ludn ed mdi lien he vdi hoae bgn trong, hogc... nhieu phuong tien day hgc, do, rdt can sy hd trg tir lanh dao nha trudng Trong dieu kien cua trudng hge Vigt Nam hien nay, hieu trudng can chii ddng thyc hien mgt sd viee sau: Chu dgng digu chinh,