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Y NGHiA GIAO DUG QUA VIEC SIT DUNG 01TJCH LjCH SO TRONG DAY HOC LICH St 6 TRlTCiNG PHO THONG O TS H O A N G THANH HAI" Trong h^ thdng cdc mdn hpc d phd thdng (PT), «Mdn i/cfi sd''''(LS)cduu thivd sd hudn[.]
Y NGHiA GIAO DUG QUA VIEC SIT DUNG 01TJCH LjCH SO TRONG DAY HOC LICH St TRlTCiNG PHO THONG O T TS H O A N G THANH HAI" rong h^ thdng cdc mdn hpc d phd thdng (PT), «Mdn i/cfi sd'(LS)cduu thivd sd hudng viic gido di/c (GD) huyin thing ddn (^, ldng yiu nude Cdc khda hinh LS, die blit IS ddn tic, giup HS hiiu ring ddntiekidd hdi qaa nhiiu cuic diu hanh anh mdl cd thing K/l ngdy vd trdch nhl$m ciJa thi hi hi Id gin gIG vd f^dt buy thdnh qud dgt duge Dd Id bliu hiin cao nhit cOa ldng yiu nude e/tdn chfnh' (1) Chiie ndng G D dqo due, vd'n Id k^i i h l cOo mdn LS nhung lql it dupe chu y khoi ihdc Thudng Hong cdc bdi gidng, v l ^ rut bdi hpe LS, lidn hi thye l l duqc Hin hdnh vyng v l , khd ciing, h i ^ qud GD khdng cao VI v ^ , mudn ndng coo chdt luqng mdn LS, cdn \img budc cdi Hin ndi dung chuong tnnh va ihuong [^dp dqy hqc, ndng coo chdt luong lodn didn bd n>dn, phdt huy b l t h i cua minh Vide G D truyen thdng, dqo diic ddi hdi bdi gidng sinh ddng hon, vol nhieu hinh thiie hd'p dan, kithqp giiia nhd Hvdng vd xd hql Trong d6, vl$c sii dyng cdc dl h'ch Ijch sii (DTLS) Hong dgy hpe LS d hvdng PT cd y nghto quan Hpng: DTLS Id phuong tl$n cd h)$u qud h-ong GD truyin thong ydu nude cho HS Truyin ihoig ydu nude eiia ddn Ipc to dd trd thdnh di sdn vdn hda, Hnh thdn ddn tdc quy bdu, HvyIn hi toi ndy song ddi khdc, biln thdnh siic mqnh vdt chdt dd vuql qua glon non, thii thdch Chu Ijc^ HI Chi Minh dd ndi: «Ddn to cd mit Idng nong nan yiu nude Dd Id mil huyin thing qu^ bdu cOa ddn tic kt Tti xua din nay, mil ffil Tdquic bl xdm ldng thi tinh thin iy hi sdi nil, nd kit Ifidn/i ldn sdng vd cung mgnh mS, to Idn, nd ludt (^ mgi nguy hlim, md khdn, nd nhin ehlm lit 06 lo bdn nude, vdbilu cudp ni;dc'(21 Di Idng ySu nude duqc gin giu, phdt huy, cdng hSc hjydn l n ^ , G D p h d i c d h e dyng thilt thuc Bdi: «Tlnh Aon )4u nude nhu cdc thi/ qujf, cd hvng bdy frong hJ kinh, hong binh pha le, rd rdng nhin rfi^ Nhung eung cd Idii cd't hong ruang, /ldm Bdn ah^n cOa ehCng ta Id ldm c/10 nhung cua quy dy dugc dua bdy NghTa Id, phdi sire gldl thfch, tuyin hvyin, /dc/itic, Idnh dgo, Idm cho tinh thin yiu nijdc cua nhdn ddn th(/c hl$n vdo cdng vl$c yiu nude' (2) DTLS Id noi "hvng bdy" cy i h l , sinh d^ng v l LS qud khd, truyin thdng adn i^c; phdn dnh nhOng sy ki$n LS Hong aud Hinh ddu tranh dyng nude vd giii nude, minh ehiing eho truyin ihdng ydu nude Clio ddn tdc la hi ngdn xua Khu di tieh din Hiing (Phu Thq), kinh dd ciio ddt nude thdi HOng Vuong Id khu dl Heh vd eung quy gid, mong y nghTo xdc nhdn nhdn ddn ta cd truyin thdng dyng nude Idu ddi vd sdm quy h/ cdng ddng ngudi trdn m^t dd'i nude, cung hudng ve dot To Chu Heh Hd Cht Minh dd dpy: «Cde vua HOng dd ed eong di/ng nude, Bdc chdu to phdi cOng giu lay nude" (2) Duo HS vl_vdl din Hung, vdl H gio Td ngdy 10 thdng 6a (Am Ijch) Id dua cdc em v l vdi epi ngudn ddn l^c ^ dd, mdi hl^n vdt diu minh chiing eho nhung sy h'ch huyin thoql LS, phdn dnh phdn ndo ndi dung ede sy kl^n ve LS ddn tqc, td Hdn, dd't nude Diiu dd khoi d d j H-ong HS Hnh cdm «ggl biy, nhd ti", dodn kit ydu tnuong edng ddng, bdi dudng HS ^ thiie gin giu, phdt huy truyen thdng ddn tpc, gdp phdn xdy oyng ddt nude n g i ^ edng gidu dep wil ihom quon cdc DTLS, HS hidu sdu sdc hon nhung bdi hpc ey rill Bde vdo Nam, nhu: Idng Sen ( N g h i An), Tdn Trdo (Tuydn Quang), TP Hd Ndi, TP Hd Chi Minh, Trd Vinh NhCrng dl Heh ndy nhdc nhd HS, d l ed ngdy hdm no dm, hqnh phue Id nhd sy hi sinh, edng loo to Idn cOa ede onh hCing ddn tdc, nhOng ngudi hing thdi d i l m nhdt dinh dd tfiuc ddy LS phdt W i n , bilt kit hqp, phdt huy siie mqnh eOa audn chung nhdn ddn, phu hpp vdi quy ludt khdcn quan cOa LS Tdt nhidn, khl'ddnh gid mdt nhdn vdt LS phdi d^t hp Hong bdi cdnh LS nhdt dinh, *khdng edn Ci} vdo chSng dng hiin dugc gi sovdl nhu eiu Clio thdi dgi chung to md edn cu vdo chS hg dng hiin dugc gl so vdi ede bie tiin bii cua hg' (3), Ti> Nguyin Al Qude xde djnh eon dudng ciiu nude diing ddn, Hnh thdn ydu nude cuo ddn tdc ta mang ndi dung mdl - ydu nude gdn vdl ydu ehu nghTo xd hdi, gldl phdng ddn tdc, xdy dyng dd't nude ngdy cdng vdn minh, gidu mqnh Nhiing dl tieh v l eudc ddi, sy nghidp cdch mqng cOa Chu Heh Hd Chi Minh, nhu: khu dl Heh Kim Lidn (Ngh^ An), Pdc Bd (Coo Bdng), noi d vd Idm vide cua Ngudi d Hd Ndi G D eho HS ve td'm guong ydu nude eua Bde Hd Chu tich Hd Chf Minh Id ngudi Vl^t Nam ydu nude ndng ndn, quylt chi ro dl Hm dudng eiiu nude, Idnn dqo cdch mqng thdnh edng, mang Ipi dm no, hqnh phue eho nhdn ddn Tii dd, HS hllu rdng, truyin ihdng ydu nude cuo ddn Idc ta duqc hdi ty ddy du nhdt, eao nhdt d Chu Heh Hd Chf Minh Dinh Idng thudng Idm noi ihd ede thdnh ho£ng, cdc vj Hdn hlln, nhihig nhdn v ^ ed cdng k ^ doi vdl ddn Idng, ddt nude Hong ehdng ngoql xdm, xdy dyng kinh t l , cdc vi td su, td n g n l , cdc danh nhdn vdn hda Ngdy xudn, ngdy I I , HS din thdp mdt ndn nhang, thdm vllng bdy td Idng ludng nhd, gnl on ddi vdi nhdng ngudi cd cdng vdl qud huong, dd't nude D d l d mdt Iruyin thdng dqo If tdt d^p cua ddn tdc ta hi ngdn xua Tuong truyin, Ly Nam D l , trdn difdng kdo qudn vdo phfa Nam ddnh glQc Ldm Ap, diing cndn nghi tql Idng Binh Ldm (Hd Ldm, Hd Trxwig, Thonh Hda) dd ghdri>dmd i n Bd Trl^u, cdu xin bd gl6p ddnh gidc Khi chiln riidng hd v l , nhd vua da phong bd Id thdn, cdp Hin cho ddn Idng Bd Didn sdo sang, tdn tqo ngdi d i n cu khcmg Hong hon V l ^ Idm nfiy chur>g td, dng cho to Kr boo ddi TKiy khdng chi Hdn Hpng, xdy dyng, bdo vd cdc DTLS md cdn sdm bilt khoi thde, su dyng d l G D t h i h$ moi sou h/dng nhd, ghi on nhijng ngudi ed cdng vdl ddn, vdl nude DTLS G D cho HS Idng kinh ydu, khdm phyc vd b i l l on cdc anh hOng ddn tdc, cdc chlin sTydu nude, edeh mqng dd ed edng edn^ cudc dyng nude vd gliJ nude Cdc DTLS, nhdt Id cdc dinh Idng, Idng, mllu, d i n ihd thudng Id noiri>dcung, h/dng nlf m cdc nhdn vdt LS, onh ddn t$c HS Wrl ddy d l tudng nhd nhung ngudi cd edng vdl ddn, vdi nude, qua dd khoi dqy Hong ede em nllm h/ hdo, Idng bilt on ehfnh ddng Phdt huy Huyin thdng ffudng nude n/id ngudn', tii thdi xo xua, cdc anh nOng ddn t^e, ddc bidt ede anh hDng Hong ede cude khdng ehiln chdng xdm luqe duqc nhdn ddn ldp d i n thd cOng khdp mql noi Thd Hal Bd Trung cd cdc d i n : Hdt DTLS d dia phuong cd toe dyng G D tniyin Ihdng quft huong ddi vdi HS Dd Id nhOng dl Keh phdn dnh cdc sy kl§n cd ;y nghTa ddi vdl A a phuong, hodc sy kidn LS kSn cuo ddn Iqc, nhung xdy lql A o phuong Vi vdy, cdc DTLS ndy sd Idm cho HS thdm yeu quy, h; hdo v l hvyen thdng anh hiing H'ong eude ddu Hanh yeu nude vd loo ddng sdng Hio euo nhdn ddn qud huong minh D i n thdm ldng ed D&t\g Son, HS Thanh Hdo sS h^ hdo vl qud huong minh Id mpt Hong nhung c h l ^ Tap chifilaodue s6 (in i • 6/aoni ndi, Id Hung Idm cue n i n vdn minh rye rd ddu Hdn LS ddn toe Thdm Idng vd den Bd T r l ^ , d i n thd Duong Dinh Nghd, Ld Hodn, Ld Thdi Td HS ty hdo rdng, Thanh Hdo ludn Id mdnh dd't kidn cudng, bdt Idiud't, Id «phin ddu cua dd't nude", sdn sinh ro nhilu anh hCing ddn tdc Cdc DTLS g d p p h d n G D cho HS tinh chdn, thl$n, mT Trong h§ riidng DTLS d nude ta, cdc cdng Hinh k i l n true ngh^ thudt, tfn ngudng Ion gido (dinh, den, chCto, nhd thd ) ehilm H f§ Uidldn, ddng vol H-d quan h-qng Hong ddi sd'ng tdm llnh cOa c$ng d d n g , vdl nhdng ngdy I I , nhu: II Phdt, I I Thdnh, I I td Hdn, I I thdnh hodng, I I quie td, I I riidnh mdu HS h^l Hiam d y cdc 11 h$i Hdn, khdng phdi vi y l u td tdm llnh, edu riidnh thin phu hdr ban phiJc i$e n>d chu y l u d l HJ diidng nhung dpo ly td't dep cua eude sdng, nhu biet diing v l phfa cdi t h i ^ , dd'u Hanh loqi bd d l l u dc Din vdl cdc DTLS ndy, HS duqc gloo luu, cdng edm, bdi dudng Hnh ihdn, y thiic edng ddng, b^ tKjin, dodn k i t , ydu ihuong, chia ngqt sd biii, dong com edng Uid Dl tfch d i n Hung GD Hnh cdm edng d i n g ddn Iqe, mqi eon ddn nude Vidt diu la "ddng bdo" Cdc dl tfch v l Tidn Dung Chii Dong Tii, M y Chdu - Trpng Thiiy, Son Tinh Thiiy Tinh, Lang Udu G D v l finh bqn, Hnh ydu sdng, thuy ehung, finh cho, con, anh em VI vdi cdc di Heh vd le hql x i i Kinh Bde, HS duqc hpc v l cdch gloo H ^ , iing x i i vdn hda (cdch mdl chdo, Hip khdch, Hoo X y d n ) Cdc DTLS vdl nhCrng I I hql Huyen thd'ng gdp phdn khdng nhd vdo vide GD cho HS nhimg Hiuon phong, mT tyc Clio ngudi Vldl Nam duqc hinh thdnh, diic ket hi ngdn xua, Idm ndn sdc thdi rfeng bl$t cOo tling vung, bdn sdc ddn tpc Boi dudng Hnh cdm ihdm mT eho HS Id mdt nhidm vy h i t siic quan Hpng «Ddn toe ndo cung pAd/ diu f bdo vd, liial thdc, dong thdi kit hm c6 sdng tgo nhang gid hj thim mT, vdn hda huyin fhing vd hl$n dal" (2) Cdc dl h'ch k i l n HOe nghd ihuqt nrang ddm sde thdi n g h f thuqt don glon, ihim mT Huyin thdng, vdl ede hinh Hrang long, ll, tpjy, phuqng, mdy trdi, sdng nude, vd cdc Toqi fioo vdn, hqa Hit khde, b i l u hl$n h-inh d d vdn minh Clio ddn tde, cd siic hut mqnh md ddi vdi HS; phdn dnh nhting sy k i f n v l ddi sdng Hnh Inln, Hinh d d vdn hdo cua nhdn ddn d cdc thdi w l VI vdy, nhi/ng dl Heh ndy khdng nhung bdi dudng cho HS v l thdm mT, md edn eung edp k i l n lliOc vd kr riiuqt kiCT Hvc, h'nh chd't tdn gido ciio J^^hdl ed Ildn quon d i n dl Heh; cho riidy y Hrdng Ihlm mT, ddi sdng nql tdm cOo ngudi, Idl nghf Clio dng cho dupc riii hidn khd r d Qp chi Blao due so iki i • 6/aoia) Dd'n hpe tap, tham quan ede DTLS, nhdt Id ede dl tieh k i l n true ngh$ riiudt, HS cdn dupe thud'ng ngoqn cdi dep eOo dl tfch, k i t hpp hdi hdo vdl riildn nhidn D i n Hung trdn mil NghTo LTnh vdl khung cdnh xung quanh uy nghi, rfiomdng Chuo Thdy, Ydn Ti>, Cdn Son, Huong Tfch d i u Id nhung riidng cdnh n i l Hing cuo dd't nude, giup HS ed y riiiic gin g i u cdnh quan, mdl Hudng G D HS •y' ihlic tdn h-png, b d o v$ cdc di sdn LS, vdn hda ciio ddn t^c Tinh Hqng xudng cdp nghidm Hpng ciio ede DTLS d nude ta ddi hdi cdc ngdnh, cdc cd'p, mpi ngudi tdng eudng y thiic gin glO, bdo v#, tdn tqo nhOng dl sdn qu;^ gid Clio nhdn loql HS THPT Id mdt lyc luqng ddng ddo, duqc trang bj nhOng k i l n thiic LS, vdn hdo nhd't djnh V^n dyng nhCfng k i l n riiiie dd d l fim h l l u , nghidn ciiu n^i dung LS, vdn hdo hdm ehiia Hong moi di Heh sd h?o ro mot mdl Irudng td't nhdl d l bdo v0 dl tfch HS sd duqc GD ^ ihiic bdo vd dl tich hi nhi/ng v l ^ nhd, nhu glCr vd sinh, bdo vd cdy xonh ddn Hdng cdy xanh, suu ldm dl v^t, hii lidu, lap hd so dl tfch Quo dd, gdp phdn bdo v f , ldn tqo cdnh quan dl h'ch ngdy edng sqeh dep, Hdnh vide Hdm n h i l m nhung hii H^c \qc hdu, md tin, dj doan, ede Id nqn xd hol vd tuyin huyin tdi mpi ngudi eiing thyc hidn, xdy dyng n i p sd'ng h i f n dql, vdn minh tai DTLS Y nghTo cua vlfe sii dyng DTLS Hong dqy hpe LS d Hvdng PT gdm nhilu m$t DTLS vOa Id ngudn su lieu vdt chd't sinh ddng, phong phu, lql Id phucmg Hfn dqy hpc cd hidu qud Ddy ehinh Id mpt Hong nhi/ng gldl phdp hiiu hidu gdp phdn ndng eoo ehdl lupng dqy vd hpe LS hidn noy G (l)Ho^ng Thanh HSi "Di tich l)ch sii vdi vifc gi&ng d^y Ljch sijr d trudng phd thOng" T^p chi Xua vd Stf 4/1996 (2) Hd Chi Minh Todn tfp, t9p NXB Chinh tri gudcgia,H 1996 (3) Phan Ngpc Liftn (chd bifin) - Trjnh Dinh Tdng NguySn Thj Cdi Phuvng phdp day hgc L|ch sd, I9p NXB Dpi hpc suphpm, H 2005 SUMMARY The use of historical relics In high school program not onii provides and illustrates the knowledge for students It also helps them develop a histortcc^ mindset and practical skills Besldm h creates multi-faced meanings for education It educates the nattonal haditions and the gratitude for those wt\o have contributed to the country; It educates the truth, the goodness and the beauty as well as the sense of respect and protection of national cultural tierttage ... hCing ddn tdc, nhOng ngudi hing thdi d i l m nhdt dinh dd tfiuc ddy LS phdt W i n , bilt kit hqp, phdt huy siie mqnh eOa audn chung nhdn ddn, phu hpp vdi quy ludt khdcn quan cOa LS Tdt nhidn,... mdt nhdn vdt LS phdi d^t hp Hong bdi cdnh LS nhdt dinh, *khdng edn Ci} vdo chSng dng hiin dugc gi sovdl nhu eiu Clio thdi dgi chung to md edn cu vdo chS hg dng hiin dugc gl so vdi ede bie tiin... cdnh quan, mdl Hudng G D HS •y'' ihlic tdn h-png, b d o v$ cdc di sdn LS, vdn hda ciio ddn t^c Tinh Hqng xudng cdp nghidm Hpng ciio ede DTLS d nude ta ddi hdi cdc ngdnh, cdc cd''p, mpi ngudi tdng