TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 2016 ISSN 2354 1482 DOI MOl CHU''''ONG T R I N H VA SACH GIAO KHOA GIAO DUC PHO THONG NHCTNG VAN DE DAT RA VA GIAI PHAP GS TS Dinh Quang Bao'''' T6M TAT Chuang trinh[.]
TAP CHI KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 DOI MOl CHU'ONG T R I N H VA SACH GIAO KHOA GIAO DUC PHO THONG - NHCTNG VAN DE DAT RA VA GIAI PHAP GS.TS Dinh Quang Bao' T6M TAT Chuang trinh va sach gido khoa giao due thong doi m&i theo tiep can nang luc da tac dgng den nhieu yeu to: day hoc tich hep, dgy hoc phdn hoa, dinh hu&ng nghe nghiep, quan he chuang trinh vd sach gido khoa, kiem tra va ddnh gid ket qud gido due, qudn ly chircmg Irinh, ddo tgo va boi duang gido vien, he thong gido due quoc dan, Moi tdc dong edn doi hoi nhung gidi phdp phu hgp nhdm bdo ddm muc tieu gido due Tie khoa: ndng luc, tich hop, phdn hda I Chirtmg trinh giao due thdng theo dinh h i r ^ g phat trien nang lire hoc sinh Chuang trinh va sach giao Idioa hien hanh dugc xay dung va thuc hien chii yeu theo dinh huang phat trien npi dung Dinh huong xuat phat tu quan niem: giao due la qua trinh truyen thu kien thuc Theo do, chuang trinh giao due la ban phac thao ngi dung va chuang trinh dugc bat dau bang xac lap cac mon hgc, ngi dung tung mon hoc; do, muc tieu giao due chu yeu nang ve trang bi ngi dung kien thiic timg mon hgc co tinh chuyen biet, it co su ket dinh, tich hgp va vi vay thuang nhan manh ghi nha, tai hien kien thuc ca hoat dgng day, ho^t ddng hgc va kiem tra, ddnh gia ket qua hgc tap He luy tat yeu cua dmh huang lam cho nguoi hoc it co kha nang chu dgng, sang tao, linh hoat vol cac tinh hu6ng nhan thuc, dai song due va tuang minh hoa cac muc tieu bang chuan dau dugc mo ta bang he thong cac nang luc chung va nang luc chuyen biet, moi nang luc dugc cu the hoa bang cac tieu chi, chi bao sap xep theo mgt logic chat che thuan tiSn cho viec ren luy^n hgc sinh, cho viec lira chgn ngi dung kien thuc, phuang phap day hgc phu hgp vai hgc sinh cac liia tuoi tu lap den lap 12 He thong nang luc xuyen suot cac lop, cac cap hgc, cac mon hgc, hoat dgng giao due va dya vao xac dinh cac phuang thiic day hgc tich hgp, phat trien nang luc, tac dgng mgt each true tiep lam thay doi mo hmh, cau tnic sach giao khoa Chuang trinh va sach giao khoa theo dinh huang phat trien nang luc nguai hgc cung dat nhieu thach thiic phai vugt qua mai dat dugc ket qua mong dgi Nhiing thach thiic la; - Nguai xay dung chuang trinh Chuang trinh va sach giao khoa mon hgc, hoat dgng giao due phai co theo huang phat trien nang luc tac dgng nang l^rc xac dinh va mo ta chuan dau tich cue den viec xac dinh muc tieu giao du tuang minh cho viec lua chgn ITnh vuc ' Tnrang Dai hoc Su pham Ha Noi TAP CHI KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 khoa hgc, mon hgc, cac hoat dgng giao due; cho viec lua chgn phuang phap day hgc, each danh gia ket qua giao due; cho viec bien soan sach giao khoa dap iing rauc tieu va chuan dau ciia chuang trinh, nghia la co the xem muc tieu va chuan dau la ban thiet ke, nguai soan sach giao khoa, nguai day, ngucri hgc, nguoi quan ly chat lugng giao due la nguai dgc ban ve thiet ke va thi cong lam san pham la nhan each hgc sinh Phuang phap day hgc bang thuyet trinh truyen dat thong tin mgt chieu tu nguai day den nguai hgc, lam mat phan ung chii dgng tich cue cua hgc sinh qua trinh nhan thiic dang ngu tri a nha trucmg thong, tra dgng hinh kho doi a ca giao vien, hgc sinh, nguai quan ly giao due la can tra lan cho viec doi mai chuong trinh va sach giao khoa theo huang phat trien nang luc Chmmg trinh va sach giao Idioa theo dinh hirong tich hop va phan h6a 2.1 Tich hop Tich hgp la mgt hoat dgng ma o can phai ket hgp, lien he, huy dgng cac ngi dimg co lien quan vai eua nhieu ITnh vuc de giai quyet, lam sang to van de va ciing mgt liic dat dugc nhi§u muc tieu khac Dgy hoc lich hgp la dinh hucmg day hgc giao vien t6 chiic, huang dan de hgc sinh biet huy dgng tong hgp kien thiic, ki nang thuoc nhiSu ISSN 2354-1482 ITnh vuc khac nham giai qxiyh cac nhiem vu hgc tap; thong qua hmh nhung kien thiic, kT nang mai; phat triln dugc nhung nang luc ckn thiet, ahkt la nang luc giai quyet van dh hgc tap va thuc tien cugc song Can cu de day hgc tich hgp la: - Truac het, mgi su vat, hien tugng tu nhien va xa hgi d^u it nhieu co moi lien he voi nhau; nhieu sir vat, hien tugng co nhirng diem tuang dong va eung mgt nguon coi De nhan biet va nghien ciiu cac sir vat, hien tugng ay, can huy dgng tong hgp cac kien thiic va kl nang tir nhieu linh vuc khac Khong phai ngSu nhien ma hien dang cang xuat hien cac mon khoa hgc lien nganh Thli hai, qua trinh phat trien cua khoa hgc va giao due, nhieu kien thiic, kT nang chua hoac chua can thiet tro mgt mon hgc nha truang, nhirag lai rat can chuSn bi cho hgc sinh de hg c6 the doi mat vai nhiing thaeh thiic cua cugc song Cac kien thiic va ky nang co the hinh cho hgc sinh bang phuang thiic giao due tich hgp cac mon hgc - Thli ba, tich hgp ma cac kien thiic gan nhau, lien quan voi se dugc nhap vao cimg mgt mon hge nen so mon hgc se giam bat, tranh dugc sir tning lap khong c4n thiet ve ngi dung gifia cac mon hgc Co cac dang tich hgp chuang trinh nhu sau: - Tich hgp mgt mon hgc: su gan k8t, dam bao tinh dong bg giiia cac TAP CHi KHOA HOC - DAI HOC BONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ngi dung co lien quan cua cac phan mon mgt m6n hgc; hoac long ghep cac van de cSn thiet nhung khong mon hgc (nhu cac ngi dung ve moi Inrdng, ndng luang, bien doi hdu, kf ndng song, ddn so, sire khoe sinh sdn, ) vao ngi dung cua moi mon hgc theo dac trung cda timg mon - Tich hgp nhieu Ifnh vuc thdnh mot mon hgc voi hai miic do: Tich hgp eao la tich hgp cac kien thiic lien quan tai ITnh vuc khoa hgc tu nhien nhu ly, hoa, sinh mon Khoa hgc tu nhien va cac kien thuc ve khoa hgc xa hgi nhu su, dia, dgo due, gido due cong ddn mon Tim hieu xd hgi hoac Khoa hge xa hgi Miic Tich hgp thdp la mgt mon hgc tich hgp van gifi cac mon rieng, nhung lua chgn va sap xep cac pham trii, nguyen ly, khai niem khoa hgc chung, thong nhat cho cac mon hgc de lam sang to cho nhau; dong thai thiet ke cac chii de day hgc mang tinh lien mon 2.2 Phan hoa Dgy hge phdn hoa la dinh huang giao vien to chiic day hgc tiiy theo doi tugng, nhara bao dam yeu cau giao due phu hgp vai dac diem tam sinh ly, nhip do, kha nang, nhu cau va himg thli khac cua nhfing nguoi hgc; tren co sa phat trien toi da tiem nang von co cua moi hgc sinh Can cii de day hgc phan hoa la: - Mgt la dac diem ciia doi tugng nguai hgc, moi hgc sinh la mgt ca ISSN 2354-1482 nhan co tiera nang rieng, co tri thong minh, tinh cam va dgng luc hgc tap khac Nha truang can trang bi cho hgc sinh nen hgc vSn thong, dong thai CO nhiem vu giiip moi hgc sinh phat trien t6i da nang luc ca nhan cua minh Day hgc phan hoa tot se dap img va phat huy dugc nguyen vgng, so truang va phil hgp vai dieu kien, hoan canh ciia cac ca nhan khac - Hai la yeu cau phat trien khoa hgc va doi hoi cua thi truong lao dOng bugc nha truong thong, nhat la bac THPT can day hgc phan hoa de cung cap cho giao due dai hgc, cao dang ciing nhu cac truang nghS nguon nhan luc dap irng dugc yeu cau chuyen sau ve mfit ITnh vuc khoa hgc hoac nganh nghe chuyen biet Phan hoa la de dap iing yeu cau phan eong lao dgng xa hgi Co cac dang day hgc phan hoa sau: - Phdn hda (con ggi la phan hoa vi mo) la each day chii y toi cac doi tugng rieng biet, de tang hieu qua day hgc Phdn hoa ngodi (con ggi la phan hoa vT mo) la each day theo cac chuang trinh khac cho cac nhom nguai hgc khac nham dap iing dugc nhu cau, sa thich va nang luc ciia timg nhom nguai hgc Ket qua phdn hoa ngodi phu thuoc chu yeu vao viec thiet ke ngi dung chuang trinh cac mon hgc Cdn thong nhdt dgy hoc tich hop vd dgy hpc phdn hda vi: TAP CHI KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 - Thli nhdt, no phii hgp vai quy luat nhan thiic cua loai nguai va quy luat phat trien cua khoa hgc De tim hieu sau ve mgt doi tugng nao nguai ta da phan chia doi tugng nhieu tinh chat, nhi6u khia canh khac de xem xet Do la logic phan hoa ciia hoat dgng tim hilu, nhan thiic sir vat khach quan de hinh cac huong, cac chuyen nganh khoa hgc Nhung cac nganh khoa hgc rieng biet cang phat trien, nguai ta cang nhan thay chiing co moi lien quan mat thiet vai De nhan biet va li giai mgt hien tugng, qua trinh nao tu nhien cijng nhu xa hgi, vua phai huy dgng tong hgp khong chi cac tri thiic tu nhieu ITnh vuc, nhieu nganh khac nhau, ma phai co cac kien thiic ehuyen nganh, ehuyen sau - Thli hai, de dap iing yeu chi va giai quyet cac van de thuc tien cugc song, doi hoi HS phai ren luyen nang luc van dung kien thue, kJ nang, kinh nghiem va nhiing hieu bilt mgt each linh hoat, tir ma hinh thanh, phat trien dong thoi ca cac nang luc co tinh tong hgp va nang luc co tinh chuyen biet, dac thu Moi quan he day hgc tich hgp va phan hoa la co sa va dilu kien de thiet ke chuang trinh giao due ph6 thong g6m hai giai doan, giai doan ea ban nam bao dam hinh cr hgc sinh tri thiic thong nen tang chuSn bi dl hgc tiep hoac tham gia cugc s6ng lao dgng; giai doan sau ca ban a trung hgc ph6 thong vai muc tieu phan hoa sau tilp can nghi nghiep Tich hgp va phSn hoa ISSN 2354-1482 theo tinh thSn dam bao dku trung hgc thong la san pham da dugc chuan bi t6t hon vl kha nang hgc nghi tiep theo Can luu y rang viec thiet ke mon hgc tich hgp dl xay tinh trang ghep kien thiic mgt each co hgc, hinh thiic thiet kl chuang trinh mon hgc, cau tnic sach giao khoa, to chiic day hgc va danh gia kit qua hgc tap Chmmg trinh dirtfc thiet kl theo hai giai doan: giao diic co ban nam va giao due dinh hir6iig nghi nghidp n a m * THPT Giao due tri thiic thong nen tang chi dat dugc bang phuang thiie tich hgp Dinh huang tiep can nghe nghiep chi thuc hien dugc bang phuang phap giao due phan hoa sau Chuang trinh giao due thong hien hanh va chuang trinh mai giQng ve so nam hgc ciia timg bac hgc va tung cap hgc nhung tinh giai doan cua chuang trinh mai vai muc tieu: giao due ca ban nam dau bao dam cho hgc sinh CO tri thiic thong nen tang va giao dye tnmg hgc thong phan hoa sau de hgc sinh dugc tilp can nghi nghiep lai khong the hi$n r6 d chuang trinh hien hanh Triet ly cua vi8c thiet ke chuang trinh theo hai giai doan: \h thuc hien muc tieu giao due cap, bat bugc cap trung hgc ca so, tao tiem l\rc cho hgc sinh phat triln sau trung hgc ph6 thong m6t each linh hoat phu hgp nhu cku, so thich, sd truang ca nhan, dap iing nhu cau nhan TAP CHi KHOA HOC - BAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 luc da dang cua xa hgi Nhu vSy, giai doan giao due ea ban van la nam nhu hien hanh nhung muc tieu va chuan dau cua chuang trinh la khac vl chdt Sir khac the hien a tinh he th6ng trgn ven han ve tri thiie thong nin tang; o su tich hgp chat che han ngi dung a cac ITnh vuc khoa hgc nham trang bj cho hgc sinh khong chi cae kiln thirc, ky nang chuyen biet ma qua khai qudt dugc cac nguyen iy khoa hgc mang tinh khai quat cao hon ve ban ehat sir vat, hien tugng khach quan, phat trien dugc cac nang luc chung c6t I5i cho ngu6i hgc Nhutig khia canh doi mdi den lugt minh lai chi phdi viSc lya chgn cac ITnh vuc ngi dung giao due, each xac dinh mon hgc va cac hoat dgng giao due de eo the tao su tich hgp kien thuc, ky nang tli cac ngudn khac theo cac mach logic cd y nghTa cho nhan thiic va ddi song Cac mdn hgc chuong trinh giao due cap tieu hgc va cap trung hgc ca sd thudng dugc xac djnh theo ITnh vuc khoa hgc rgng Vi du mon Khoa hgc tir nhien gdm Vat ly, Hoa hgc, Sinh hgc, Khoa hgc trai ddt ; mdn Khoa hgc xa hgi gom Lich su, Dja ly, X3 hdi hgc He qua cua each xac dinh mdn hgc theo nguyen tSc la lam giam dau mdn hgc d trung hgc ca sd, tang kha nang tich hgp va giam ap lire cho hgc sinh, ddng thdi tang gia tri sii dung kien thiic Thuc hien chuang trinh hai giai doan se sinh nhfing van de can giai quylt nhu: thay ddi co cau ddi ngu giao ISSN 2354-1482 vien d cac trudng trung hgc ca sd; giao vien d cap hgc phai chuyen tir day dan mdn sang day mdn hgc cd tinh tich hgp rgng; sach giao khoa phai dugc soan lai theo cau tnic mdn hgc tich hgp; cac trudng su pham phai ddi mdi chuang trinh dao tao giao vien; ddi ngii nha giao phai dugc bdi duang, dao tao lai Phan hoa sau dam bao cho hgc sinh tiep can nghe nghiep se chi phdi viec lira chgn ndi dung, ca cau mdn hgc, hoat ddng giao due theo nguyen tac chuyen sau, phuc vu true tiep cho hgc nghe, hgc cac chuyen nganh cu the d cac trudng trung cap, cao dang, dai hgc Theo se sinh nhiing vdn de mdi cdn giai quylt nhu: td chiic day hgc ttr chgn theo cac cdng thiic da dang; sd radn hgc va chuyen de thudng xuyen tang them theo nhu cau phan hoa nganh nghe mdi cua xa hgi; dl sinh su thilu logic chat che ciia ngi dung hgc tap d trung hgc phd thdng hgc sinh can phai hieu sau tiing mat, ddng thai phai khai quat hoa de CO tri thiic mang tinh tdng quat cao han Co cau dgi ngii giao vien ciing phai da dang han; quan ly ke hoach day hgc d nha tnrdng se phiic tap han; chuang trinh phai dugc thiet ke cd su gan ket, lien thdng vdi ngi dung dao tao d cac trudng nghe, trudng dai hgc Vi vay, giao vien va can bd quan ly nha trudng phai dugc dao tao lai, bdi duang theo hudng trang bi kien thiic chuyen sau; nang luc tu van nghe nghiep, lua chgn mdn hgc Nhiing vdn de phai dugc quan tam giai quyet thi mdi bao dam tinh TAP CHI KHOA HOC • BA! HOC BONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 hieu qua, khd thi cua chuang trinh mdi Thirc hien cff chl mgt chuong trinh quoc gia, nhieu b$ sach giao khoa Sach giao khoa hien dai phai thue hien dugc hai chiic nang ca ban: ngudn cung cap ngi dung kien thiic va hudng dan hoat dgng day, hoat ddng hgc Trong xa hgi hien dai, sach giao khoa khdng cdn la mdt ngudn thdng tin nhdt Tuy v|iy, thdng tin tu sach giao khoa van cd vai trd quan trgng, la ngudn chinh thdng, ca ban mdu muc nen khdng the khdng cd sdeh gido khoa Ngi dung kien thiic sdeh giao khoa da dugc gia cdng, lua chgn, trinh bay theo logic nhat dinh vira bao dam ehinh xac khoa hgc vira the hien quan diera rieng cua ngudi bien soan Nhu vay, thdng tin tu sdeh co gia tri da dugc tinh che nhat dinh va su tinh che mang dau an phong each, quan diem cua ca nhan ngudi soan Phong each, quan diem rat phong phu vi vay neu chi sii dung mgt bd sach cho thuc hien chuang trinh thi se khdng tan dung dugc sang tao ciia ddng dao cdc nha khoa hgc, dac biet la ciia ddi ngu gido vien phd thdng Mat khac, dieu kien tiep xiic, lira chgn, xir ly ngudn thdng tin khoa hgc, dac diem ngudi day, ngudi hgc cung rat da dang d cac viing miln, dia phuang vdi cac dac dilm kinh tl, xa hgi, van hda khac nhau, neu chi cd mgt bg sdeh giao khoa thi kho dap ung dugc nhiing dac diem rieng Co chl mgt chuong trinh, mdt bd sach giao khoa nhu hien tai khdng dap iing nhu cdu da dang, phong phli ciia cac ddi tugng su dung ISSN 2354-1482 sach giao khoa d cdc viing mien, khu vuc, khdng khuyen khich, tan dung dugc kinh nghiem sdng tao cua nhieu ca nhan, to chiic viec bien soan sach giao khoa, de dan din rap khudn, thieu linh hoat sir dung thdng tin tir nhilu ngudn tai lieu khdc day hge Chfic nang hudng dan qua trinh su pham dugc thuc hien bang rat nhieu kich ban, tham chi mdi gido vien cd each td chuc, day hgc khdc chi phdi hoat ddng nghien ciiu, sir dung sach gido khoa de dat dugc muc tieu va chuan chuang trinh mdn hgc, cd mdt giao vien huong dan hgc sinh sir dung sach giao khoa d radi ldp ciing khac Vdi nhung ly tren cd the van dung CO che mdt chuang trinh nhieu bd sdeh gido khoa, va dd ciing la xu hudng phd bien tren the gidi Thuc hien ca che mgt chuang trinh nhidu bg sach gido khoa khac ve cau tnic, cdch lua chgn thdng tin se la CO hgi cho viec ddi mdi gido d\ic; doi mdi phuang phap day hgc; ddi mdi kiem tra, danh gia ket qua hgc tap Nhu vay, can phdi thdng nhat tieu chi, yeu cau su pham ca ban ddnh gia sdeh gido khoa de dua vao bien soan, lira chgn sach giao khoa mgt each sang tao, linh hoat theo nhieu phuong an khdc nhau; phai cdng khai cac quy dinh ve yeu cau, tieu chi bien soan sach gido khoa mdi trdnh dugc nhfing rui ro phi su pham ciia sach gido khoa Dd chinh la cdng cu quan ly nha nudc ve sach gido khoa TAP CHI KHOA HOC - DAI HOC BONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 Kiem tra, danh gia va thi cir theo dinh hu-dng danh gia nang luc Kiem tra, danh gia cd vai trd kep: kich thich, tao dgng luc dieu chinh, phat trien hoan thien chuang trinh giao due, hoat ddng day, hoat dgng hgc, hoat ddng quan ly bao dam chat lugng giao due; va xdc nhan tich hgc tap theo quy chuan chat lugng dat muc tieu gido due Kiem tra, ddnh gia phai vira la phuang phap, vira la ngi dung giao due, vira la hoat dgng quan ly chat lugng giao due Vay phuong dn ndo dugc ap dung de thda man cac chiic nang de hoat ddng kilm tra, ddnh gia thuc su la mgt yiu td khac phuc dugc nhfing bat cap hien nhu: danh gia, thi tdt nghiep, thi tuyen sinh chi chii trgng kien thuc mdn hgc, coi nhe nang luc van dung, nang ddnh gia tdng ket xdc nhan ket qua hgc tap dinh ki ddng loat, it coi trgng danh gia thudng xuyen de kip thdi dieu chinh hoat dgng day hgc, phan hda hgc sinh, khdng kich thich day hgc phat trien nang luc hgc sinh; d8 qua tai yeu cau hgc sinh hgc thudc kidn thiic rdi rac; thieu chinh xac danh gia chat lugng giao due; va dac biet khdng tao dugc ddng Iuc ddi radi phuang phap day hgc theo hudng khdc phuc loi truyen dat mdt chieu, khdng kich thich vdn dung sang tao kien thiic; khdng thudng xuyen thu dugc thdng tin phdn hdi ve ket qua hgc tap Clia hgc sinh de kip thdi dieu chinh qua trinh day hgc, td chiic day hgc phan hda Dd la ly phai xac dinh dugc phuang thtic td chiic kiera tra, danh gid, thi cu cho hoat ddng ddp ung chfic nang co ban; tao dgng lire dieu chinh ISSN 2354-1482 chuang trinh, dieu chinh cdc boat ddng day hgc, quan ly giao due; xac nhan qua giao due va tuyen sinh gido due nghe nghiep, dai hgc chinh xdc, hieu qua Chuong trinh theo dinh hudng phdt trien phara chat, nang lyc ddi hdi ndi dung ddnh gia, kiem tra la pham chdt va nang lire hgc sinh, phuang thuc ddnh gid la danh gid qud trinh ket hgp vdi danh gia tdng ket Ndi dung va phuang thuc danh gia se khac phuc dugc cdc bdt cap, nhugc dilm hien hanh va dac biet tao dugc su chuyin bien cdc yiu td co bdn Clia chuang trinh gido due: ddi hdi phai ddi radi phuang phap day hgc theo hudng phdt trien ndng luc; lien tuc td chuc dieu chinh qud trinh giao due de khac phuc dugc nhiing Men tugng nhu "ngdi nham ldp", "nham cap hgc", "chgn nham nghe"; radt cdch tich cue, tu giac ngan ehan hoac ban che tieu cye thi cu; giam dp luc, tdn kem td chiic thi neu kit qua ddnh gid qua trinh dugc su dung vdi ti le cao va danh gid khdng y8u cau hgc thudc thi chu truang mdt chuang trinh nhilu bg sdeh giao khoa mdi thdnh hien thuc; dac biet kiem tra yeu cau tu phe phan, tu phan bien se kich thich hiing thu hgc tap vdn la yeu td dang ddi hdi su cd gang cua cac nha su phara tao radt radi trudng hgc tap dan chu, sang tao Tac ddng tich cue ciia ddi mdi kiem tra, danh gia theo phuang an mdi vai lap tuan nhu tren la chat che, thuylt phyc, tin cay nhung cd hien thuc hoa dugc hay khdng phy thudc vao nhilu yiu td lien quan den ngudi tir cdc cdp quan ly vi md din vT md, din gido vien TAP CHI KHOA HOC - BAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 Neu khdng quyet tam thay ddi ndi dung thi, each thi thi mgi sy ddi mdi khac deu rat han che tac dgng tich cue bao dam thdnh cdng chuang trinh giao dye phd thdng theo Nghi quyet ciia Qudc hdi Quan Iy thyc hi€n chu-trag trinh theo dinh htrdug t3ng cirdmg ty chu ciia dia phirong v^ nha triromg Hien chuang trinh va sach giao khoa giao due phd thdng dugc thuc hien theo phuang thiic quan ly mang tinh ap dat bang cac bien phap hanh chinh Cling nhac lam giam kha nang thich nghi vdi hoan canh dia phuong, han chl sdng tao cua ddi ngu giao vien, can bd quan Iy Nghi quyet Qudc hgi quy dinh "ehuang trinh gido due Ihong quoe gia quy dinh muc tieu, chudn ddu ngi dung gido due bdt bugc, dong thdi hudng ddn edc noi dung gido diic md rgng (cung vdi thdi luang) de cde nhd trudng van diing, xdy dung chuang tinh gido due phit hap vai dieu kien cua minh " Vdn de dat la phdi lya chgn duge phuang an quan ly chuang trinh va sdeh giao khoa giao due phd thdng qudc gia, ehuyen tfi co chl quan ly ap dat mang tinh hanh chinh, cung nhac sang quan ly mim deo, linh hoat phu hgp vdi hoan canh dia phuang va nha trudng de chuang trinh qudc gia dugc thyc thi vdi hi$u qua cao thuc te nhd trudng da dang Co che quan ly mdi se huy ddng dugc su tham gia ddng gdp mdt each trye tiep cua edc dia phuang, nha tnrdng, dgi ngfl giao vien, cdng ddng dia phuang vao qua trinh thuc hien chuang trinh giao due ISSN 2354-1482 phd thdng qudc gia Do dd, vfia lam cho chuang trinh gido dye phii hgp vdi yeu cdu cua dia phuang, nha trudng, vfia tdng duge tinh tu chii, tu chiu trdch nhiem ciia CO sd nha trudng, khac phyc tam ly thy ddng trien khai theo menh lenh tir tr8n xudng vdn da dgng hinh ddi ngu giao vidn vd cdn bd quan ly Chuang trinh gido due qudc gja quy dinh muc tieu va chudn dau ra, noi dung gido due bat bugc, ddng thdi danh thdi lugng de cdc dia phuang, nha trudng vdn dyng thuc hien chuang trinh phu hop vdi dieu kien cu the Dieu dd yeu cau can bd quan ly giao dye vd gido vien phai dugc dao tao nghiep vu phdt trien chuang trinh Boi dirdng, dao tao I^i giao vien Nghi quy6t sd 29 vl ddi mdi can bdn va toan dien gido due Vidt Nam co neu ro "dgi ngu nhd gido va edn bg guan ly gido due bat cap ve chdt lugfng, so lugmg vd ca cdu; mgt bg phdn chua theo kip yeu cdu doi mai vd phdt trien gido due, thieu tdm huyet, thgm chi vi phgm dgo dice nghe nghiep " De ddp ling chuang trinh va sdeh giao khoa mdi cdn tap trung hinh va phat trien mdt sd nang luc mdi can cd cua ngudi giao vien va can bg quan ly nhu: day hgc va danh gid theo nang lyc; td chiic cac hoat ddng trai nghiem sang tao; day hgc tich hgp; day hgc phan hda; phdt trien ke hoach giao due nha trudng, cac hoat ddng giao due phil hgp vdi dieu kien, bdi cdnh ciia dia phuang, nha trudng TAP CHI KHOA HOC - BAI HOC BONG NAI, SO 02-2016 Phuong thfic bdi duang: theo djnh hudng boat ddng; lay co sd giao due lam mdi trudng hinh ndng luc thdng qua sinh hoat chuyen mdn; ket hgp giiia dao tao vd bdi dudng trdn ldp vdi ddo tao va bdi du&ng true tuyen vdi su trg giiip eua cdng nghe thdng tin Ndi dung vd phuang thiic dao tao mdi se sinh mgt loat khd khan qua trinh bdi dufing va dao tao lai Cy the la: ndi dung bdi duang de cap den nhieu nang luc mdi ngudi giao vien can cd; sd lugng gido vien bdi dudng rat ldn lai dugc td ehiic khoang thdi gian ngan ciing gay nhieu khd khdn cho viec td chfic va anh hudng tdi chat lugng cua cdc khda bdi duong Dac biet la ngudn kinh phi td chuc cho cdc khda bdi duong, dao tao lai giao vien tuong ddi ldn, ben canh dd, vdn de kiem soat chat lugng cua bdi duong va dao tao lai cung se gap nhung thdch thiic nhat dinh De cdng, ehiing ta can vugt qua nhung khd khan, thdch thirc, dac biet la ngudn tai chinh cho hoat ddng; su ddng thuan cua xa hgi; nhdn thiic cua giao vien va cac cap qudn ly giao dye Chirong trinh giao dye thong mdi doi hdi doi mdi can ban chirong trinh dao tao gido vien Cdc CO sd dao tao gido vien la ngudn cung cap ddi ngQ gido vien va can bd quan ly giao dye cho he thdng giao dye phd thdng Nhiing ban che ve ndng lyc nghi nghiep cua giao vien dugc neu phdn danh gid qua trinh thyc hien ISSN 2354-1482 chuang trinh hien nay, ed nguyen nhan chinh tfi su lac hdu ciia chuang trinh dao tao d cae co sd dao t^o gido vien Chuang trinh giao due phd thdng cd nhung thay ddi ldn ca ve djnh hudng, myc tieu va cau tnic chuang trinh, duong nhien, chuang trinh dao tao d cdc ca sd dao tao gido vien hien se khdng ddp iing dugc vdi su thay ddi Do vay, ddi radi chuang trinh dao tao d cac co sd dao tao gjao vien de sau tdt nghiep, ngudi hgc khdng chl dap ung dugc chuang trinh giao dye phd thdng sau 2015 raa cdn de ddng thich ling dugc vdi su thay ddi tuong lai Clia giao due phd thdng Cy the la: Chii trgng ren luyen \d nang nghe nghiep, can ddi giua dao tao kiSn thiic khoa hgc ehuyen nganh, ngi dung nghiep vu su pham va gid tri nghe nghiep; tich hgp cdc ndng luc nghe nghiep tat ca cac yeu td cau tnic chuang trmh dao tao, can ddi gifia dao tao ndng lyc giao due vdi nang lyc day hgc mdn hgc; van dung phuang thue dao tao gdn kit thudng xuyen vdi mdi trudng gido due d nha trudng phd thdng; chuang trinh ddo tao ed chuan dau dugc xay dyng tren ca sd chuan nghe nghiep giao vien da dugc Bd Gido due va Dao tao ban hanh, dd dac biet chii y dao tao nang lyc day hgc tich hgp, day hgc phan hda tren ca sd thiet ke ndi dung dao tao vira ddm bdo cung cap tri thfic rdng nen tang, vua phdt triln tri thiic chuyen nganh sdu Do ehuang trinh giao dye phd thdng dugc phdn hai giai doan giao dye CO ban va gido dye dinh hudng nghe nghiep nen cac tnrdng dai hge su pham phai tich hgp chuong trinh dao tao TAP CHI KHOA HOC - BAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 de sinh vien tdt nghiep trudng cd the day dugc ca cac mdn hgc d trudng trung hge CO sd va trung hgc phd thdng Viec ddi mdi chuang trinh dao tao giao vien, can duge tien hanh mgt each ddng bg, su hgp tdc, chia se giua cac trudng su pham cd uy tin ca nudc Chirang trinh giao due pb6 thong mdi tdc ddng den he thong gido due Giao dye phd thdng la nen tang cho ndng eao dan tri, dao tao nhan lyc phuc vy phat trien ddt nudc, vi vay bac hgc phd thdng ddi mdi se dat yeu cau ddi mdi gido dye mam non, ddng thdi phai dap iing dau vao chdt lugng cao cho he thdng giao due nghe nghiep va gido dye dai hgc Ddi mdi ehuang trinh theo dinh hudng phan hod manh, dap iing phan ludng, dinh hudng nghi nghiep d trung hgc phd thdng khdng chi tdc dgng din tat ea cdc ydu td cua chuong trinh phd thdng, ma cdn tac ddng din chuang trinh dao tao cua he thdng cdc co sd day nghi, eae CO sd giao due dai hgc Nhu vay, ddi mdi ISSN 2354-1482 gido dye phd thdng phdi tao nhirng tien de tdt cho giao due nghe nghiep, giao due dai hgc, ddng thdi dat nhigm vu cung cd, hoan thien he thdng gido dye nghi nghiep va gido due dai hgc de eae ca sd vua tan dyng dugc ket qua dinh hudng nghe nghiep tu giao dye phd thdng vfia cd trach nhiem va kha ndng tham gia gido dye hudng nghiep va day nghe cho hgc sinh phd thdng Trudc day, chuang trinh phd thdng phdn ban cd thi diem rad hinh trudng phd thdng ky thuat vdi y tudng day nghe phd thdng va hudng nghiep nhung khdng cdng Nguyen nhan chinh la cac trudng phi thdng ky thuat khdng du dieu kien vl eo sd vat chat va giao vien phyc vy day nghe Chuong trinh giao due phd thdng mdi theo Nghi quylt ciia Qudc hgi ddi hdi phai cd co che de cdc ca sd giao due nghe nghiep tham gia cung giao due phd thdng Mat khdc he thdng trudng djiy nghe, trudng dai hgc, cao ddng cung phai ddi mdi chuang trinh dao tao theo hudng tan dung nhung tri thuc, phdm chdt, nang lyc chung ma ngudi hgc da dugc chudn bi d bac phd thdng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bg Gido dye va Dao tao (2013), Mgt so vdn di chung vi xdy dung chuong trinh gido due thong sau ndm 2015, Ky yiu hgi thdo khoa hgc qudc gia Trdn Nggc Giao (2013), Qudn ly truangphd thdng, Nxb Giao dye Viet Nam Trdn Ba Hoanh (2006), Doi mai phirang phdp day hgc, ehuang trinh vd sdeh gido khoa, Nxb DHSP Ha Ngi TAP CHI KHOA HOC - BAI HOC BONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 REFORMING CURRICULA AND TEXBOOKS OF GENERAL EDUCATION - ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS ABSTRACT Revised curricula and textbooks for general education based on competence approach have affected such many factors as integrated teaching, differentiated teaching, career-oriented education, relationship between the program and its textbooks, testing and assessing the outcomes of the education, program management, training and retraining of teachers, and national education systems, etc However, each impact requires appropriate solutions to ensure educational goals Keywords: Competence, integration, differentiation ... trung hgc ca sd thudng dugc xac djnh theo ITnh vuc khoa hgc rgng Vi du mon Khoa hgc tir nhien gdm Vat ly, Hoa hgc, Sinh hgc, Khoa hgc trai ddt ; mdn Khoa hgc xa hgi gom Lich su, Dja ly, X3 hdi hgc... gido khoa Dd chinh la cdng cu quan ly nha nudc ve sach gido khoa TAP CHI KHOA HOC - DAI HOC BONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 Kiem tra, danh gia va thi cir theo dinh hu-dng danh gia nang luc Kiem tra, danh... tra, ddnh gia phai vira la phuang phap, vira la ngi dung giao due, vira la hoat dgng quan ly chat lugng giao due Vay phuong dn ndo dugc ap dung de thda man cac chiic nang de hoat ddng kilm tra,